Intro to Info Tech

8/8/2019 Intro to Info Tech

1/20

An Introduction toInformation

TechnologyModule 1


2/20

Topics CoveredoEvolution of Information AgeoComputer Generations

oReasons to become IT CompetentoInformation Technology

Jennifer Ventus 2


3/20

Abacus

Theabacusisprobablyconsidered

theoriginal

mechanical

computingdevice.

It isstillusedineducation to

demonstratethe

principlesofcounting

andarithmeticin

businessforspeedy

calculations.

JenniferVentus 3


4/20

Pascaline

Pascal'sdevice usedaseriesoftoothed

wheels,whichwere

turnedbyhandand

whichcouldhandle

numbersupto999,999.999.

Pascal'sdevicewas

alsocalledthe

"numericalwheel

calculator"andwas

oneoftheworld's

firstmechanical

addingmachines.

JenniferVentus 4


5/20

JacquardsLoom

Holesstrategicallypunchedincard

directedthe

movementofneedles,

thread,andfabric,

creating theelaborate

patterns still knownasJacquardweaves.

Jacquardsweaving

loom isconsideredthe

first significant useof

binaryautomation.

JenniferVentus 5


6/20

Analytical

Engine

This was ageneral-

purposecomputer

thatcouldadd,

subtract,multiply,

anddividein

automaticsequence

atarateof60

additionsper

second.

JenniferVentus 6


7/20

LadyAdaAugusta

LovelaceHersuggestionthat

punchedcardscould

bepreparedto

instructBabbages

engineto repeatcertainoperations

has ledsomepeople

tocallherthefirst

programmer.

JenniferVentus 7


8/20

Holleriths

Tabulating

Machine

HermanHollerith

devised a punched-

cardtabulating

machine tospeedup

the1890census.

JenniferVentus 8


9/20

ABCComputer

TheoriginalABCwas

dismantleddecadesago.

Aworkingmodel wasfinished

in1942.AmesLaboratoryat

IowaStateUniversityused

notes and drawingsto

reconstruct thisworking

replica ofAtansoffandBerrys

history-making invention.

Atanasoffsdecisions to use

anelectronic medium with

vacuumtubes, thebase-2

numberingsystem,and

memoryand logic circuitsset

the direction forthemoderncomputer.

JenniferVentus 9


10/20

Mark1

Thefirst

electromechanical

computer,theMarkI,

wascompletedby

HarvardUniversity

ProfessorHowardAiken

in1944under the

sponsorshipofIBM.

JenniferVentus 10


11/20

ENIAC

ElectronicNumericalIntegratorandComputer

Thefirsthigh-speedgeneral-purpose

computerusingvacuumtubes

1946.Usedvacuumtubes (notmechanical devices)

todoitscalculations.

Butitcould notstore

itsprograms(itssetofinstructions)

JenniferVentus 11


12/20

UNIVAC

UniversalAutomatic

Computer

Thefirstgeneral-

purposecomputer

forcommercial use

JenniferVentus 12


13/20

MajorCharacteristics

1st Generation

2nd Generation

3rd and 4thGeneration

5thGeneration

Introduced 1951 1953 1959 1964 1965 1980s 1990s

Physical Size Room size Closet Size Desk-top tochip

Not known

ElectronicCircuitry VacuumTubes Transistors IC, LSI, VLSI VVLSI

Speed Millisecond Microsecond Nanosecond Picosecond

Most commonLanguage used

Symbolic,Machine

language

Assembler,COBOL

DBMS, QueryLanguages

ArtificialIntelligence

Reliability 1 1,000 100,000 Infinity

Failure Rate 1 every fewhours

1 every 100 1,000 hours

1 every millionhours

Approaching 0

ompu erompu erGenerationsGenerations

JenniferV

entus

13


14/20

Information technologyoThe term ITrefers to the integration of

computing technology and information

processing

Jennifer Ventus 14


15/20

Reasons to Become I.TReasons to Become I.T

CompetentCompetentoPersonaloWorkplace

oSocietaloEducationoCuriosity

Jennifer Ventus 15


16/20

Technological ChangesTechnological ChangesoChange is all around us - at work and in our

personal lives.

o Change offers: a fresh start, new things tolearn, ways to make our lives more

meaningful.

o Change is both stressful and necessary.Jennifer Ventus 16


17/20

ActivityoCreate/Draw a Technological Change about:

oEducationoCommunication

oTransportationoStudent with the most creative presentation

gets 20 points for Recitation

oSave file as Activity1-lastname firstnamein your network drive (U:\)

Jennifer Ventus 17


18/20

Tech Change in

Communication

Before

Jennifer Ventus 18

NOW

Example only


19/20

EndThis presentation is available at the yahoo

group, filename MODULE1.ppt

Jennifer Ventus 19


20/20

Referencesohttp://www.tcf.ua.edu/Classes/Jbutler

/T389/ITHistoryOutline.htm

ohttp://www.cartoonstock.com/newscartoons/cartoonists/mbc/lowres/mbcn326l.jpg

Jennifer Ventus 20

Documents

Intro to Info Tech