Datwyler Cables

Introduction to Fibre

Paul Hunter – UK Technical Manager

Thomas Gehrke (Munich – Germany) Pius Albisser (Altdorf – Switzerland)

Fibre Cables

Manufacturing facilitiesAltdorf (cables, cable harnessing)

Raw FibreCorning

Altdorf headquarters (Switzerland)Altdorf headquarters (Switzerland)

Manufacturing PlantSwitzerland (Altdorf) total 100’000 m2

Cables produced per year (Cu and FO): >140’000 km

What is Optical Fibre?(General info)

Optical Fibre is essentially a medium in which to send large amounts of information down a single channel at very high speeds.

Utilises Hard Clad Silica glass to carry pulses of light (which represents the information transmitted) over short or potentially very long distances

Fibre optics system

Joint enclosure

Transmitter

Receiver

Splice tray

Underground ducting

Splice tray

Underground ducting

Splice Tray

Patch CordCableConnecto

r

Splice

What are the advantages of using Fibre?

Distance Capacity/Bandwidth Security Immunity to Noise Negligible Crosstalk Safety Long Life Light Weight Small Cross Section Low Cost Environmentally Friendly Future Proof?

What are the disadvantages of using Fibre?

Fragile Equipment cost New Skills/Technology Limitations to Carry Power

Multimode and Singlemode

Multimode – MMBuilding cablingLarger cross-sectional areaShort distances

SinglemodeCampus or long haulSmaller cross-sectional areaLong distances

Transmission of light though Optical Fibre?

Propagation of Light in a Step Index Fibre

ReflectionReflection

nn11 = 1,470 = 1,470

RefractioRefractionn

nn22 = 1,460 = 1,460

Diameter

n

Numerical Aperture

nn11

nn22

NA = sin NA = sin αα = (n= (n11))22 - (n - (n22))22

Reflexion

n1 n2

Law of reflexion

E = R

n = c/vM

n1

Optical plummet

R

n2

n = refractive index

Law of Snellius Refraction

n1

n2

Optical plummet

n1 > n2

sin E n1= sin B

n2

E=R+T

Low NA - Less light - Higher bandwidth - E.g. G50/125 µm

High NA - More light - Low bandwidth - E.g. G62.5/125 µm

Numerical Aperture = NA (Angel of acceptance qmax)

Differential Mode Delay

Ideal for an optical input

signal

Misshaped optical output

signal

Results:

-The receiver is not capable of detecting a single bit-Increase of BER-Decrease of data rate, and velocity of the transmission- In extreme cases, the transmission is lost

Graded Index of Profile Fiber(Instead of Stepped index)

Exponent

of Profile g=2-Δ

1

1

22

3

3

5

4

3

2

1

r

r

0

K

IntroductionStandards for FO Cabling

TIA/EIA TIA/EIA

is valid for North America is valid for North America

(mainly the USA)(mainly the USA)

IEEE IEEE

Standards AssociationStandards Association

ISO/IEC ISO/IEC

is worldwide applicable and validis worldwide applicable and valid

EN (CENELEC) EN (CENELEC)

is valid throughoutis valid throughout

EuropeEurope

General Standards

– ISO/IEC is applicable worldwide and valid in the Middle East

– Generic Premise Cabling– Currently we have five all-silica optical fibre “types” or “Categories” specified

in the generic cabling standards.– Internationally, ISO/IEC 11801 specifies OM1, OM2, OM3 and OS1. In

addition, ISO/IEC 24702 (Generic cabling for industrial premises) specifies OS2.

– See also IEC 60794

ISO/IEC

Optical Fiber Cables

Generic specification

IEC 60794 IEC 60794

IEC 60794-1IEC 60794-1

Indoor cablesIEC 60794-2IEC 60794-2

External cablesIEC 60794-3IEC 60794-3

Aerial optical cablesIEC 60794-4IEC 60794-4

IEC 86A : FO Cables

– EN (CENELEC) is valid throughout Europe

– Generic Premise Cabling– EN 50173-1 contains all the cable specifications and recognized that

Category OS2 cabled optical fibre (being of an external style cable construction with low cabled attenuation) may frequently be jointed to Category OS1

EN (Cenelec)

27

– TIA/EIA is valid for North America (mainly the USA)

– Generic Premise Cabling– TIA/EIA 568-B (Revision of TIA/EIA-568-A)

TIA/EIA

– ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.3– · ANSI/EIA/TIA-455-A-1991,

– Standard Test Procedures for FO Cables and Transducers, Sensors, Connecting and Terminating Devices, and other components

– · ANSI/ICEA S-83-596-1994, – Fibre Optic Premises Distribution Cable

– · ANSI/ICEA S-87-640-2000, – Fibre Optic Outside Plant Communications Cable

– · ANSI/TIA/EIA-526-7-1998, – Optical Power Loss Measurements of Installed Single-mode

Fibre Cable Plant-OFSTP-7

TIA/EIA

Generic Cabling Structure(Fibre optic type and construction)

Fibre Structure

Core

Cladding

Primary coating

Core62.5 microns50 microns9 microns (single-mode)

Cladding125 microns

Coating250 microns SM900 microns MM

Typical fibre dimensions

9/125

50/125

62.5/125 Core: 9 m

Cladding: 125 m

Primary coating: 250 m

8/125 Fibre

Core: 62.5m

Cladding: 125 m

Primary coating: 250 m

62.5/125 Fibre

Core: 50 m

Cladding: 125 m

Primary coating: 250 m

50/125 Fibre

Multimode Fibre

Multi-mode optical fibre (multimode fibre or MM fibre) is a type of optical fibre mostly used for communication over short distances, such as within a building or on a campus. Typical multimode links have data rates of 10 Mb/s to 10 Gb/s over link lengths of up to 400 meters—more than sufficient for the majority of premises applications

Transmission Standards

100 Mb Ethernet1 Gb (1000 Mb)

Ethernet10 Gb Ethernet 40 Gb Ethernet 100 Gb Ethernet

OM1 (62.5/125) 2 km 275 m 33 m Not Supported Not Supported

OM2 (50/125) 2 km 550 m 82 m Not Supported Not Supported

OM3 (50/125) 2 km 800 m 300 m 100 m 100 m

OM4 (50/125) 2 km 1100 m 550 m 125 m 125 m

Multimode Fibre

Attenuation of each fibre is shown on the relevant ‘Data sheet’

Transmission Standards

Max Attenuation Bandwidth (MHz / Km)

850nm 1300nm 850nm 1300nm Laser

OM1 (62.5/125) 1.5dB 3.5dB 200 500 Not Specified

OM2 (50/125) 1.5dB 3.5dB 500 500 Not Specified

OM3 (50/125) 1.5dB 3.5dB 1500 500 2000

OM4 (50/125) 1.5dB 3.5dB 3500 500 4700

Singlemode Fibre

Single mode fibres can run distances >40km

Transmission Standards

Max Attenuation Bandwidth (MHz / Km)

1310nm 1550nm 1310nm 1550nm

OS1 (9/125) 1.0dB 1.0dBHIGH!

~100 TerahertzHIGH!

~100 Terahertz

OS2 (9/125) 0.4dB 0.4dBHIGH!

~100 TerahertzHIGH!

~100 Terahertz

Main Connector Types

ST - Straight Tip

SC – Subscriber connector

LC – Lucent Connector

MTRJ

E2000/APC

Termination types

Pigtail Splicing

MechanicalFusion

Direct terminationHot meltCold cure(Polish)

Pre-terminationMTP/MPO

All types – 1-2 metre

0.5dB loss0.1dB loss

0.75dB loss0.75dB loss

Improved dB lossMore expensiveQuicker on site

Calculating Power budget

Power Budget

Attenuation Multimode Optical Fibre (OM1, 2 & 3)

@850nm = 3.5 dB/km max@1300nm = 1.5dB/km max

Singlemode Fibre (OS1)@1310nm = 1.0 dB/km@1550nm = 1.0 dB/km

0.5 dB 0.5 dB 0.5 dB0.30 dBPatchkabel

Power Budget

10,87% 10,87% 10,87%6,67%

= 1,8dB

89,13% 79,4% 74% = 66,08%100%

a = -10 x lg Paus

Pein

a = -10*lg 0,6608 1

= 1,799 dB

High bandwidthHigh bandwidth

High data ratesHigh data rates

Low attenuationLow attenuation

Ideal NEXTIdeal NEXT

No problems with EMCNo problems with EMC

No earthing problems No earthing problems

Little dimensionLittle dimension

Low massLow mass

Long life cycleLong life cycle

Summary of FO Cabling

Coffee Break

Dätwyler Holding AGGotthardstrasse 31, 6460 AltdorfT +41 41 875 11 00, F + 41 41 875 12 05info@daetwyler.ch, www.daetwyler.ch