International Society of Sugar Cane Technologists ... - ISSCT

Holiday Inn Mauritius Airport, MAURITIUS 30 November to 4th December 2015

LINKING SMALL HOLDER FARMERS TO SMALL MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES THROUGH CANE TRASH UTILIZATION

Presented by Dr. Betty Mulianga

KALRO- Sugar Research Institute, KENYA

International Society of Sugar Cane Technologists

CO-PRODUCTS WORKSHOP


OUTLINE

• OVERVIEW OF SUGAR INDUSTRY AND SUGAR RESEARCH

• INTRODUCTION

• OBJECTIVE

• STUDY AREA

• DATA

• ANALYSIS

• RESULTS & DISCUSSION

• CONCLUSSION AND RECOMMENDATION

• REFERENCES


INTRODUCTION

• Sugarcane was first grown in Kenya

in 1900

• Today, there are 12 sugar factories in

Kenya, in western, coast

• 3rd largest contributor to GDP

• Market for 294,000 small-scale farmers

• Area under sugarcane is > 202,000 ha

• Production = 7,574,850 tonnes

• Supports >20 % of total population

KENYA SUGAR BELTS


Factory Location (County) Rated TCD ( tons)

Mumias sugar company Kakamega 8,880

Nzoia sugar company Bungoma 3,000

W/Kenya sugar company Kakamega 3,500

Butali sugar company Kakamega 1,500

Chemelil sugar company Kisumu 3,000

Muhoroni sugar company Kisumu 2,500

Kibos and allied sugar Kisumu 1,650

Sonysugar sugar company Migori 3240

Sukari sugar company Homa-bay 1500

Transmara sugar company Narok 1500

Soin Sugar Kericho 300

Total TCD Kenya 30,570

Industry Performance


KENYA’S SUGAR VALUE CHAIN


KENYAS DEMAND AND SUPPLY

• Demand = 794,844 metric tons • Production = 500,000 metric tons • Deficit = 294,844 metric tons

EXPORTS Kenya exports sugar to the international market by virtue of being a member of the International Sugar Order (ISO)

- In 2010, Kenya exported 44,332 metric tons


BY PRODUCTS

• Current pressure by the government

on all companies to diversify :

• Jaggery and molasses, mud,

bagasse, vinasse

• Manufacture of briquettes started in 1970

• Power - 34MW of electricity of which 26MW is exported to the national grid.

• Distilled water - 24 million litres

• Ethanol: 22 million litres

The role research in these

by-products is crucial - innovations


SUGAR RESEARCH INSTITUTE

• Sugar Research Institute (SRI) is one of

the 15 research institutes under the Kenya

Agricultural and Livestock Research

Organization.

• Its headquarters is KISUMU- sugar belt

• Human capacity – 134 officers

MANDATE: Develop and disseminate

technologies, innovations, information and

knowledge to increase productivity,

profitability, competitiveness and

sustainability of the Kenyan sugar industry .


PARTNERS AND/OR SOURCE OF FUNDING

• AFFA/Sugar Directorate

oSeed cane production and distribution project

o Pilot Cane Testing Units in preparation for sucrose based

payment system

• Sugar Companies

• European Union - Sugar Reforms Support Project

• CIRAD- France - Staff capacity building

• Universities and colleges

• County governments


Existing Research Programmes • CROP DEVELOPMENT

Plant Breeding, Agronomy, Crop Protection, Biotechnology, Crop Physiology & Systems

Modelling and Agro-meteorology

• AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Irrigation and water management, Farm machinery and Environmental management.

• MILLING AND PROCESSING

Sugarcane processing, Sugar technology and Energy

• ECONOMICS AND BIOMETRICS

Socio-Economics, Production Economics, Market & Policy and Biometrics

• TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

Adaptive research, Extension services and Seed cane production & distribution


RECENT ACHIEVEMENTS

• Released 21 improved sugarcane varieties since 2002.

The latest 8 released in July 2014

• A model to assist millers synchronise sugarcane establishment and

crushing capacities

• Farm level Nutrient management recommendations

• Training farmers/stakeholders on Best sugarcane crop management practices

• Recommendations/reports on policy/strategy – Sucrose based payment

• RS/GIS models for estimating sugarcane production, productivity and soil &

water management

• Multiplication and distribution of seed cane of improved varieties with

farmers


FOCUS ON SMALL SCALE FARMERS BY GOVERNMENT

• Aim was to enhance beneficial management of excess cane trash from

small scale farmers in Kenya by linking them to SMEs to ensure

conservation of the environment and increased household income.

• Government policy 2012 emphasized on SMEs-employment

“ Linking small holder farmers to small manufacturing

enterprises (MSEs) through cane trash utilization”

- over 85% of sugarcane production


BRIQUETTE BUSINESS MODEL IN KENYA

Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

Stage 4

Evolution of hand produced businesses to mechanical presses

Based on stable production and revenue of several years. Manual presses based businesses to low cost electrical machines

Source and skill up in house maintenance of electrical machines to commercial one year supply within the local community

From electrical machines of locally fabricated presses to large capacity machines target over 200 mt/month

Mareco et al., 2013


STUDY AREA

Kiboswa KALRO-Sugar Research Institute


STUDY AREA

34o 49’E &34o 55’E longitude and 0o 2’S &0o 3’S latitude.

50% of the soils are heavy clay

Sub-humid AEZ attracting mean annual rainfall of 1450 mm

Temperature ranges between 20oC - 31oC.

The topography undulates from 1000m to 2000m above sea level.


DATA

Animal

feed

Burn Mulching Energy

Sugarcane

dry leaves

20 30 40 0

Cane tops 30 20 0 10

Cane stalks 0 0 0 40

Bagasse 0 10 0 40


ANALYSIS

Statistical analysis to investigate:

• Presence of competition for land resources

• Source of livestock feed and food for the households

• Waste management

• Source of domestic energy

• Knowledge on small scale enterprises


RESULTS


RESULTS & DISCUSSION

• Competition for land resources and conflicts in land use were

minimized by 75% over the five years.

• 30% farmers chose crop trash as feedstocks,

• 20% chose cane stalks for domestic energy,

• 50% used this waste for mulching.

• We inferred that enhancement of renewable production of energy

by linking these farmers to SMEs would enhance:

- Farmers socio-economic base

- Sustainability of SMEs

- National income


CONCLUSION AND RECOMENDATIONS

• Linking of farmers to SMEs is important

• An awareness creation to be undertaken (Farmer & focused groups)

• Invest in research on other by-products of agricultural biomass

• Sugar factories to be encouraged to diversify their products


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

• The ACP-SRSP secretariat and KALRO-SRI for sponsoring

this research.

• The ISSCT secretary for all logistical support

• The Director General, KALRO for authorizing my participation

in this workshop.

• Kibos-Miwani sugar mill and the small scale enterprise at

Kiboswa for providing data for this study.


REFERENCES • Basanta, M.V.; Dourado-Neto, D.; Reichardt, K.; Bacchi, O.O.S.; Oliveira, J.C.M.; Trivelin, P.C.O.; Timm, L.C.; Tominaga, T.T.; Correchel, V.; Cássaro,

F.A.M.; Pires, L.F.; Macedo, L.F. 2003. Management effects on nitrogen recovery in a sugarcane crop grown in Brazil. Geoderma 116: 235-248.

• Deville J, Y Wong You Cheong, P Leclezio and P Duvivier (1979). The production of silage from sugar cane tops and its use as fodder for cattle. Trop Anim Prod 1979 4:2. Mauritius Sugar Industry Research Institute (MSIRI), and Mon Desert Mon Tresor and St Antione Sugar Estates, Mauritius.

• Fortes, C.; Trivelin, P.C.O.; Vitti, A.C. 2012 Long-term decomposition of sugarcane harvest residues in Sao Paulo state, Brazil. Biomass & Bioenergy 42: 189-198.

• Gabra, M. and Kjellstrom, B. (1995); “A Pre-Feasibilty Assessment of the Potential of Cane Residues for Co-generation in the Sugar Industry”, Energy, Environment and Development series no 41, Stockholm Environment Institute, Stokholm, Sweden

• Gava, G.J.C.; Trivelin, P.C.O.; USAID (1986a); “Cane Energy System Assessment Program – Electric Power From Cane Residues in Thailand – A Technical and Economic Analysis”, Ronaco Consulting Corporation

• Hackl, A and Mauschitz, G, 2000, ‘Greenhouse Gas Mitigation by Proper Waste Management’, study for the Austrian Federal Ministry for Environment, Youth and Family Affairs.

• Ministry of New & Renewable Energy, Government of India. Annual Report 2009

• Mulianga, B.; Bégué, A.; Clouvel, P.; Todoroff, P. Mapping Cropping Practices of a Sugarcane-Based Cropping System in Kenya Using Remote Sensing. Remote Sens. 2015, 7, 14428-14444.

• Robertson, F.A.; Thorburn, P.J. 2007a. Decomposition of sugarcane harvest residue in different climatic zones. Australian Journal of Soil Research 45: 1-11

• Trivelin, P.C.O.; Oliveira, M.W.; Vitti, A.C.; Gava, G.J.C.; Bendassolli, J.A. 2002. Nitrogen losses of applied urea in the soil-plant system during two sugar cane cycles. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 37: 193-201 (in Portuguese, with abstract in English).

• USAID (1986b); “Cane Energy Systems”, Bioenergy System Report

• USAID (1989); “Power for the Grid from Sugarcane Residues”, Bioenergy System Report

• Vitti, A.C.; Ferreira, D.A.; Franco, H.C.J.; Fortes, C.; Otto, R.; Faroni, C.E.; Trivelin, P.C.O. 2010. Utilisation of nitrogen from trash by sugarcane ratoons. Sugarcane International 28: 249-253

• Vitti, A.C.; Oliveira, M.W. 2005. Urea and sugarcane straw nitrogen balance in a soil-sugarcane crop system. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira 40: 689-695.

• Bogale Wondwosen(2009). Preparation of Charcoal Using Agricultural Wastes. Ethip. J. Educ. & Sc. Vol. 5 No 1 September 2009 80.


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International Society of Sugar Cane Technologists ... - ISSCT