INTER PERSONAL BEHAVIOUR / T RANSACTIONAL A NALYSIS

INTER PERSONAL BEHAVIOUR/ TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS

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Interpersonal Skills/Facilitation Skills

listening

questioning

language & communication using feedback

conflict handling

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS TRANSACTIONAL STIMULUS TRANSACTIONAL RESPONSE DEFINITION TA IS CONCERNED WITH :- ANALYSIS OF SELF AWARENESS ANALYSIS OF EGO STATES ANALYSIS OF TRANSACTIONS SCRIPT ANALYSIS GAMES ANALYSIS ANALYSIS OF LIFE POSITIONS STROKING

Eric Berne and Transactional Analysis

Transactional Analysis A unified system of individual

and social psychiatry

Focuses on the individual but also one’s relationship to others

A model for explaining why and how:People think like they doPeople act like they doPeople interact/communicate with others

ANALYSIS OF SELF AWARENESSJOHARI WINDOW

OPEN/ARENA BLINDSPOT

HIDDEN/ CLOSED UNKNOWN/DARK

INFORMATION KNOWN TO SELFINFORMATION NOT KNOWN TO SELF

INFORMATION KNOWN TO OTHERS

INFORMATION NOT KNOWN TO OTHERS

FEEDBACK

SELF

DISCLOSURE

ANALYSIS OF EGO STATES

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Eric Berne and Transactional Analysis

Transactional Analysis People have three ego states: parent, adult, child

Parent: when a person thinks, feels & behaves in ways copied from his/her parents

Child: thinking, feeling, behaving as one did as a child

Adult: thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that are a direct result of current happenings

Key point: people shift in & out of these states

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS

Transactional Analysis or TA is a way of understanding

… and changing human behavior… why communication fails and how it

can be corrected.… one to one relationships


TA Ego States or Personality Aspects

Parent Adult Child


Parent… learned to act and feel much as those that raised us.Parent

Prejudiced Parent…follows rules, accepts slogans, holds opinions without thinking first of facts.

Nurturing Parent…Supportive and protective toward others, offers help and guidance.


Clues to Someone in Their Parent

… a frown or stern look.… tone of voice.… pointing of the index finger.… arms folded as to say “what are you doing?”… uses phrases like; “you should,” “you ought to,”

“that is right!”… words such as; sympathizing, punishing.

moralizing, judging, giving orders, criticizing.


Child… what we were when we were young.Child

Free Child…Open to life, spontaneous, filled with the sense of wonder and delight, self centered, aggressive, rebellious, does not consider the consequences of feeling or actions.

Adapted Child…Polite, sociable, recognizes the rights of others,adapts behavior to suit them, can resent the rights/demands of others, complies grudgingly, feels unsure about themselves, procrastinates .


Clues to Someone in Their Child

… smiling, laughing, having fun.… tone of voice.… crying, having tantrums, getting into trouble.… childlike facial expressions.… uses words/phrases like; “Wow!,” “Gosh!,” “I

wish,” “I feel.”


Adult… looks at the facts and reasons out the answer - Adult

… figures things out logically.

… takes responsibility for thoughts, feeling and actions.

… solves problems and makes decisions.


Clues to Someone in Their Adult

… straight forward facial expression.… active listener, eyes blink every 3 to 5 seconds

showing attention.… speaks of probabilities.… uses phrases like; “In my opinion,” “Based on

what I have observed,” “So far the facts seem to indicate.”

EGO PORTRAITS

People have favourite, preferred ego state, depicted by larger circle in a diagramParent Adult Child

P

A

C

P

A

C

P

A

C

HUMAN INTERACTION ANALYSIS/ ANALYSIS OF TRANSACTIONS

A transaction = any interaction or communication between 2 people

People send and receive messages out of and into their different ego states

How people say something (what others hear?) just as important as what is said

Types of communication, interactions1) Complementary2) Crossed3) Ulterior

INTONATIONS: IT’S THE WAY YOU SAY IT!

Placement of the emphasis

Why don’t I take you to dinner tonight?







What it means

I was going to take someone else.

Instead of the guy you were going with.

I’m trying to find a reason why I shouldn’t take you.

Do you have a problem with me?

Instead of going on your own.

Instead of lunch tomorrow.

Not tomorrow night.

COMPLEMENTARY ‘TRANSACTIONS’

Interactions, responses, actions regarded as appropriate and expected from another person.

Parallel communication arrows, communication continues.Example 1: #1 What time do you have?

#2 I’ve got 11:15.P

A

C

P

A

C

COMPLEMENTARY ‘TRANSACTIONS’ CONT’DExample 2:

P

A

C

P

A

C

#1 You’re late again!

#2 I’m sorry. It won’t happen again.

CROSSED ‘TRANSACTIONS’

Interactions, responses, actions NOT regarded as appropriate or expected from another person.

Crossed communication arrows, communication breakdown.

Example 1 #1 What time do you have?

#2 There’s a clock on the wall, why don’t you figure it out yourself?

P

A

C

P

A

C

CROSSED ‘TRANSACTIONS’ CONT’D

Example 2 #1 You’re late again!

#2 Yeah, I know, I had a flat tyre.

P

A

C

P

A

C

ULTERIOR ‘TRANSACTIONS’

Interactions, responses, actions which are different from those explicitly statedExample #1 How about coming up to my room and listening to some music?

P

A

C

P

A

C

SCRIPT ANALYSIS BY MCCLELLAND

( legitimate roles : claim justifiable) Prosecutor (who sets rules that are

necessary) Victim (who is eligible but denied job due to

discrimination) Rescuer ( who helps to function effectively) ( il-legitimate roles: falsely claiming ) Prosecutor Victim Rescuer

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Life Positions

I’m OK — I’m OK —You’re not OK You’re OK

I’m not OK — I’m not OK —You’re not OK You’re OK

Attit

ude

towa

rd O

nese

lf

Attitude toward Others

Negative Positive

Positive

Negative

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STROKES:GIVING SOMETHING FOR ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Positive Negative Mixed

GAME ANALYSIS

Game Players Characteristics of psychological game:-1. The transaction tend to be repeated2. They make sense on superficial or social level3. One or more of the transactions is ulterior

TYPES OF GAMES 1st Degree games – minor upset, played socially

end up with minor discomfort, socially acceptable 2nd Degree games – more intimate end up w/bad

feelings, no permanent irremedial damage arises. 3rd Degree games - usually involve physical injury

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS Very few games have a positive or neutral

outcomeIn these games, people play one of three

positions: Victim Persecutor Rescuerhttp://www.ericberne.com/Games_People_Play.htm

http://www.ericberne.com/Games_People_Play.htm

http://www.ericberne.com/Games_People_Play.htm

TYPICAL GAMES

Between A shop keeper and a house wife: “This one is better, but you cannot afford it” Between A Teacher and a Student: “This is a good topic, but you cannot handle

it.” Between an Expert and a Candidate: “What you just said is totally wrong”

Documents

INTER PERSONAL BEHAVIOUR / T RANSACTIONAL A NALYSIS