Intelligence and perception

Dr SHEHLA EFFENDI

What is intelligence?

Definition

“ability to solve problems and to adapt and learn from experience”

Binet and Simon defined intelligence as “This faculty is judgment, otherwise called good sense, practical sense, initiative, the faculty of adapting one’s self to circumstances”

Controversies about intelligence

–Nature or nurture?

–Fixed or changeable?

What are the parameters of measuring intelligence?

• IQ testing • Children mile stones• General behaviour• Deductive reasoning• Problem solving

• IQ testing T• Children mile stones F• General behaviour F• Deductive reasoning F• Problem solving F

INTELLIGENCE IS GENERALLY ASSESSED BY

• Children mile stones• General behaviour• Deductive reasoning• Problem solving• Creativity

• Children mile stones T• General behaviour T• Deductive reasoning T• Problem solving T• Creativity F

Stanford-Binet IQ Scores

Categories of mental retardation

• Mild 51-70 6th grade by late teenCan be self supporting in nearly normal fashion, if environment is

stable. Need help under stress.• Moderate 36-50 2nd -4th grade by late

teens. Sp education necessary.

Can be semi-independent in sheltered environment. Needs help in mild stress.

• Severe 20-35 limited speech & toilet habitsCan self support under total supervision.

• Profound below 20 no speech, no training at all

Requires total care

Giftedness

• Personal qualities: weekly, sickly, socially inept, book worms often

emotionally troubled. Wrong • Terman’s research observed (janes& Robinson 1985):

above average in height, weight, strength, physical health and social adjustment. Again not very authentic

Giftedness and achievements

• Two typesHigh IQ children cream of cropEminent adults making enduring contributions

which requires high level of giftedness needs high IQ, high creativity and high motivation.

‘High IQ alone does not foster greatness’

Theories of Multiple Intelligences

Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory

Emotional intelligence

The capacity for recognizing our own feelings and those of others, for motivating ourselves, for managing emotions well in

ourselves and in our relationships.”

5 domains of Emotional intelligence

1. Self-Awareness: Observing yourself and recognizing a feeling as it happens.

2. Managing Emotions: Handling feelings so that they are appropriate; realizing what is behind a feeling; finding ways to handle fears and anxieties, anger, and sadness

3. Motivating oneself: Channeling emotions in the service of a goal; emotional self control; delaying gratification and stifling impulses

4. Empathy: Sensitivity to others feelings and concerns and taking their perspective; appreciating the differences in how people feel about things.

3. Handling Relationships: Managing emotions in others; social competence and social skills.

Summary

• Nature and nurture debatable• Giftedness does not solely IQ dependent• Mental retardation has definite IQ issues• Emotional intelligence is different from general

intelligence• Majority of population fall into average IQ