View
215
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
What Do We Measure?
Intelligence Achievement Personality Symptoms Memory Vocational match Perception
Social skills Stress Coping Etc, etc etc. Can psychologists
measure everything?
Why Is Assessment Important?
It can drastically change someone’s life Diagnosis of a learning disability Admittance to a hospital Diagnosis of a disorder w/ stigma Decline offer of employment Custody of children
Creating Confident Conclusions
Convergence between sources Reliability
Inter-rater Test-retest Internal consistency
Creating Confident Conclusions
Validity - assessing what we intend to assess Concurrent - other current measures Predictive - future events Content - covers all content Face validity - appearance
What are some ways to gather information?
How Do We Gather Info?
InterviewsSelf-report testsIQ tests*Neuropsych tests
Projective tests Behavioral
Assessment Biological tests*
Autopsies Imaging Physiological
Interviews
Structured
Semi-structured
Unstructured
Structured Interviews
PRO Precise Consistent Decrease
defensiveness or judging
Accurate Exhaustive
CON Length/time Irrelevance
Unstructured Interviews
PRO Use own words Adaptive Good for
“undiagnosable” issues
CON Unreliable Subjective Not for research Clinician info-seeking
bias
Self-report Questionnaires
Individuals read questions & select most appropriate answer
Why use? Quick & easy Norms & scoring Empirically supported Track change Client comfort Quick and easy for research
Self-Report Questionnaires
When are they bad? Language problems Reading problems Can be long (e.g. MMPI-2 = 567 items) Faking or Response Bias
The Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale
How satisfied are you with your marriage? How satisfied are you with your husband/wife
as a spouse? How satisfied are you with your relationship
with your husband/wife? Rated on a 7 point Likert scale from 1
(extremely dissatisfied) to 7 (extremely satisfied)
Neuropsychological Assessment
Used to measure brain (dys)function Often used for:
Testing after brain injuries Memory concerns Dementia and other cognitive declines
Neuropsychological Tests
Typically a battery measure different skills/elements E.g. memory, language, sensory-motor
integration, perception, motor skills Conclusions based on patterns
Behavioral Assessment
Behavioral observations = observing people in a “natural” environment
Role-playing = observing people in an imagined situation
Why use behavioral assessment?
Why Use?
Lie about their usual behavior Behavior may not apply to a therapy situation Natural environment Practice and observe rare behaviors
Why Not Use?
Social desirability/undesirability Time commitment
E.g. school observations Role-played behavior may not carry-over
outside therapy
Projective Tests
Individuals respond to vague stimuli inkblots Pictures of events Colors Pictures of hands Open-ended sentences
Clients “project” their experiences/disorder/personality
Rorschach Inkblot Test
First released in 1921 Comprehensive System (1970s) Results scored on 100+ characteristics
Parts vs. whole Reactions unusual vs. typical Use of white space vs. black space Does the tester see the reaction?
General Inkblot Instructions
1. What do you see here?
2. Do you see anything else?
3. Will you please show me where you see that?
Criticisms of Rorschach
1. Poor test-retest reliability2. Questionable ability to detect pathology3. Many people score as abnormal4. Poor incremental validity5. Few norms for ethnic minorities
Use Projective Tests (n=412)
Projective Tests Always/Freq. Occasionally
Rorschach 43% 82%
Sentence Completion 34% 80%
TAT 34% 82%
Nonprojective Always/Freq. Occasionally
WAIS IQ Test 59% 93%
MMPI-2 58% 85%
BDI 21% 71%