INTEGRATED STATE WATER PLAN FOR WEST FLOWING RIVER … I_Ch 1 to … · Devendraji Fadnavis, who is also Chairman of the State Water Council, for entrusting the responsibility of

INTEGRATED STATE WATER PLAN FOR WFRB IN MAHARASHTRA VOLUME I: INTEGRATED PLAN

GOVERNMENT OF MAHARASHTRA

WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT

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INTEGRATED STATE WATER PLAN FOR

WEST FLOWING RIVER BASIN IN

MAHARASHTRA

VOLUME – I : INTEGRATED PLAN

(Approved by Maharashtra State Water Council on Dated 22.06.2018)

KONKAN IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, THANE

JUNE 2018




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INTEGRATED STATE WATER PLAN FOR WEST FLOWING RIVER BASIN IN MAHARASHTRA

VOLUME - I INTEGRATED PLAN

(Upto year 2030)

CHAPTERS 01-11

KOKAN IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, THANE

GOVERNMENT OF MAHARASHTRA WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT

JUNE 2018




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5

Certificate

This is to certify that the contents of the Integrated State Water Plan for West Flowing River

Basin in Maharashtra (May 2018) (Vol. I & II) henceforth will be referred as Vol. I & II, are true and

correct to the best of my knowledge and information available. Further, the contents are in

accordance with the prevailing rules. This integrated State Water Plan for West Flowing River Basin

is as per Section 15 (3) of the Maharashtra Water Resources Regulatory Authority Act 2005.

The matter and figures shall be corrected suitably after due deliberations in Water Board

and Water Council.




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7

Preface

Executive Director, Kokan Irrigation Development Corporation,Thane is very glad to present this first

ever report of Integrated State Water Plan for WFRB to State Water Board and State Water Council for their

recommendation and grant of approval.

WFRB is not a connected basin but a set of 46 rivers originating in Western Ghat or parts theirof,

following westerly direction to meet the Arabian Sea. The typical river lengths are 50-100 kms and the

coastline is about 700 kms , geographical area is about 33017 sq. kms i.e. approximately 11% of State area.

Adjoining states are Gujrat in the North and Goa, Karnataka in South. On the Eastern side there are Tapi,

Godavari and Krishna basin in Maharashtra State.

Most area in WFRB is rural in South and North parts but upper middle areas of this basin strip are

highly urbanized. Mumbai the state capital is connected to this basin. There is good road network all over

basin and several crossings into Godvari and Krishna basin through Western Ghats are existing since historic

times.

Kokan railway opened up in 1997 is the only rail route in South but Mumbai and the urban parts are

connected to all major cities in India by rail, road and air. The basin is predominantly administrated by Kokan

Region authorities excepting a part in Nasik district which falls in North Maharashtra region i.e. NMR.

Preparation of Integrated State Water Plan is necessitated by a legal provision in MWRRA act 2005

Vide Article 14 & 16. GoM had already decided to initiate the procedure in 2007 by preparation of ISWP for

Godavari basin. Accordingly technical advisors and a team of experts were formed. The first draft was

submitted to SWB in 2013. Meanwhile it was instructed that other RBA’s should start preparation of

integrated basin water plans so that ISWP for whole state can be compiled.

Since this was first such exercise in India, the SWB meetings in 2013, 2014 & 2015 were very useful

wherein all departmental heads pondered and discussed various aspects of SWP. As a result it was decided

in 2017 to prepare Integrated Basin Water Plans for all basins on the lines of Godavari Basin Plan which was

submitted to SWC earlier that year.

As explained before WFRB is a set of 46 unconnected rivers. For the sake of ISWP 28 basins were

identified. As per MWRRA guidelines of 2007 it was stipulated that all 27 basin plans be prepared as

separate reports. Accordingly such 28 plans were prepared between 2014 to 2017, incorporating changes

suggested by SWB members from time to time.The next logical step was to compile these reports as one

report to be submitted as set of exactly 25 chapters on the same lines as ISWP for Godavari basin.

At this juncture it would be appropriate to point out certain fundamental differences in there two

basins,

1) Godavari ISWP consists of 30 sub basins which are organically connected to each other whereas in WFRB

the basins are naturally separate and only artificial inter basin transfers can seek to join them.

2) Surface water resources available in WFRB vis-a-vis land or population are ‘Overabundant’ i.e. more than

1700 or 12000 m3 per unit respectively. Hence the planning strategies in both basins should differ. In

Godavari basin plan, the emphasis is on scarcity planning, reuse of water, ground water augmentation and

possible transfers within basin or outside of basin. This issue is made more complicated by earlier Tribunal

Awards. In WFRB the problems are under planning by 2030, artificial scarcity in few basins near unbans

conglomorates and underuse of already constructed water resources projects. Clearly such basin planning

strategy must be different from Godavari basin.

Inspite of these basic differences, it is striven to prepare a report which is close in form to Godavari

basin and at the same time reflects the individually of the basin and its needs.




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The picture that has emerged out of this exercise is like this. Out of 28 basins all basins are

abundant. In Basin use is presently accounted as 8680 Mcum out of which 3064 Mcum for irrigation and

5616 Mcum for other purposes. Water remaining unused currently is 57563 Mcum. By 2030 use will rise to

16749 Mcum with balance water as 51977 Mcum. However this shall not cover all CCA in the command. In

fact realistic CCA determination in command is an obligation where terrain features is a challenge. This

should be done in next 2-3 years so that the revision due after 5 years shall project a more complete

planning.

Import and exports in WFRB play a significant role in this basin. All GoM initiatives regarding

transfers to Tapi, Godavari and Krishna basin are considered in this planning. GoM commitments expressed

in the MoU’s and Agreements with other States are all respected in the exercise for future planning.

Ground water does not play a major role in institutional irrigation and it is primarily allocated for

drinking needs. All watersheds in basin are safe. The availability of GW is 1584.45 Mcum (70 % of Net GW)

and current draft is 322.11 Mcum.

Lastly, KIDC and its staff has taken keen interest in preparation of ISWP for WFRB and the

corporation thanks WRD for entrusting it with this responsibility thus providing an opportunity to participate

in this grand exercise.




9

Acknowledgements

Preparation of ISWP for West Flowing River Basin was a difficult task made easy only with the guidance from

State Water Board and State Water Council of Maharashtra and co-operation from all Departmental Head of

GoM.

The Executive Director is grateful to Hon. Chief Minister Shri. Devendraji Fadnavis, who is also Chairman of

the State Water Council, for entrusting the responsibility of finalization of West Flowing River Basin

Integrated water Plan to the Water Resources Department in general & to the Konkan Irrigation

Development Corporation in particular.

The Executive Director is grateful to Hon. Water Resources Minister Shri. Girishji Mahajan for his persistant

guidance and morale boost for preparation of ISW plan.

The Executive Director is also grateful to the Shri. Dinesh Kumar Jain, Chief Secretary and Ex –Officio

Chairman of the State Water Board (SWB) and Shri. Sumeet Mallick, Fomer Chief Secretary for their active

support. The Executive Director is thankful to all the Hon. Members of SWB for extending all co-operations,

providing valuable data & information from their respective departments.

The Executive Director takes the opportunity to express his sincere thanks to the following concerns of

Water Resources Department for their valuable inputs.

Shri. I.S.Chahal, Principal Secretary (W.R.), Water Resources Department, Government of Maharashtra.

Shri. Shri. C.A. Birajdar, Secretary (WRM & CADA), Water Resources Department, Government of Maharashtra.

Shri. R.V.Panse, Secretary (Projects), Water Resources Department, Government of Maharashtra.

The Executive Director particularly expresse his special thanks to Shri. B.C. Kunjir, Former Executive

Director, Tapi Irrigation Development Corporation, Jalgaon for his valuable technical guidance and

prepairing final draft of ISWP of WFRB.

The Executive Director expresses his thanks to the following concern members who contribute their best in

prepairing ISW plan of WFRB.

Shri. R.M.Chauhan, Formar Executive Director, Kokan Irrigation Development Corporation, Thane.

Shri. S.S. Waghmare, Former Chief Engineer, North Maharashtra Region, Nashik and

Shri. T.N.Munde, the then Chief Engineer (Add. Charge), WRD, Konkan Region, Mumbai and now Chief

Engineer, Specified Projects, WRD, Pune




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The Executive Director expresses his thanks to the following concern members of K.I.D.C.

Shri. B.B.Lohar, Superintending Engineer, Thane Irrigation Circle, Thane.

Shri. P.B.Misal, Superintending Engineer, North Konkan Irrigation Project Circle, Kalwa-Thane.

Shri. M.G.Naik, Superintending Engineer, South Konkan Irrigation Project Circle, Oras- Sindhudurg.

Shri. A.A. Dabhade, Superintending Engineer, Ratnagiri Irrigation Circle, Ratnagiri.

The Executive Director also expresses his special thanks to Shri. V.S.Kunjir, the then Dy. Engr, K.I.D.C., Thane

and now Dy. Engr., Design Division, Krishna Water Dispute Tribunal , Pune for his continuous hard work in

finalising hydrology of WFRB( total 28 basins) and also finalising draft report of ISWP.

The Executive Director also wants to place on record his deep appreciation & thanks to all technical

members who dedicated a great team work in abstracting final report of WFRB.

The Executive Director also thanks to those named and unnamed participants in public hearings at places in

WFRB who confronted us with the ground realities and widended the scope of this exercise.




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Contents

Glossary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………21

1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………35

1.1 Preamble .................................…………………………………………………………………………………………….35

1.2 Introduction of West Flowing River Basins ..... . …………………………………………………………………… 35

1.3 Land use pattern .. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….37

1.4 Rainfall Pattern in the West Flowing River Basin (WFRB) ...................................................... 37

1.5 Climate ............................................................................................................................. 37

1.6 Tribunal Award for West Flowing River Basin ....................................................................... 38

1.7 Status of natural and man-made features in the West Flowing River Basin ............................ 38

1.7.1 Land use pattern ................................................................................................................... 40

1.7.2 Detailed study of twenty seven sub basins under West Flowing River Basins..................... 41

1.7.3 Water availability in West Flowing River Basin and status of 27 basins ............................. 44

1.7.4 Status of Irrigation Projects .................................................................................................. 45

1.8 Western West Flowing River Basin (WFRB) .......................................................................... 45

1.8.1 Historical Background ........................................................................................................... 45

1.8.2 Geology and Hydrogeology .................................................................................................. 46

1.8.3 Groundwater (GW) occurrence, movement and use - ......................................................... 46

1.8.4 Soils, crops and agro-industries ............................................................................................ 46

1.8.5 Hydrology, Hydrometeorology, Water Availability and Tribunal Award.............................. 47

1.8.6 Watershed Development and Management ........................................................................ 47

1.8.7 Water Resources Development ............................................................................................ 47

1.8.8 Energy sources in the WFRB ................................................................................................. 48

2 Geology and Hydro-Geology of WFRB ..................................................................................... 49

2.1 Geology.............................................................................................................. ………………49

2.1.1 Alluvium..................................................................................................................................49

2.1.2 Deccan Trap............................................................................................................................50

2.1.3 Gondwana system..................................................................................................................51

2.1.4 Proterozoic.............................................................................................................................51

2.1.5 Pre-cambrian............................................................................................................................51

2.1.6 Lineaments...............................................................................................................................52

2.2 Hydrogeology..............................................................................................................................56

2.2.1 Water bearing properties.........................................................................................................56

2.2.2 Groundwater occurrence and movement................................................................. ..………….56

2.2.3 Groundwater Worthy and Non-Worthy Area..........................................................................57

2.2.4 Aquifer Geometry and Aquifer Systems...................................................................................58

2.2.5 Aquifer Parameters.................................................................................................................59




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2.2.6 Groundwater recharge and discharge....................................................................................60

2.2.7 Yield of dug wells and bore wells............................................................................................61

2.3 Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................................................. 61

3 Soils ....................................................................................................................................... 65

3.1 Soil Color Based Soil Series ................................................................................................. 65

3.2 Soil Depth ......................................................................................................................... 66

3.3 Soil Texture Classification ................................................................................................... 67

3.4 Soil Erosion Status ............................................................................................................. 68

3.5 Soil Drainage Condition ...................................................................................................... 69

3.6 Land Capability Classification .............................................................................................. 70

3.7 Irrigability Classes .............................................................................................................. 71

3.8 Land Slope ......................................................................................................................... 72

3.9 Soil Type and Suitability for Crops: ...................................................................................... 73

3.10 SWOT Analysis: ................................................................................................................ 74

3.10.1 Strengths:................................................................................................................................ 74

3.10.2 Weaknesses: ........................................................................................................................... 74

3.10.3 Opportunities: ........................................................................................................................ 74

3.11 Recommendations: .......................................................................................................... 74

3.12 Annexures ....................................................................................................................... 75

3.12.1 Annexure 3.1 ........................................................................................................................ 75

3.12.2 Annexure 3.2 ........................................................................................................................ 76

3.12.3 Annexure 3.3 ........................................................................................................................ 77

3.12.4 Annexure 3.4 ........................................................................................................................ 78

3.12.5 Annexure 3.5 ........................................................................................................................ 79

3.12.6 Annexure 3.6 ........................................................................................................................ 80

3.12.7 Annexure 3.7 ........................................................................................................................ 81

4 Land use pattern ..................................................................................................................... 83

4.1 Land Use Pattern ............................................................................................................... 83

4.2 Sub-basin wise Area ........................................................................................................... 83

4.3 Demographic Profile .......................................................................................................... 84

4.4 Cultivable and Non-Cultivable Area ..................................................................................... 84

4.5 Rain gauge and River gauge ................................................................................................ 84

4.6 Diversion of Agricultural Land ............................................................................................. 84

4.7 Galper Land ....................................................................................................................... 85

4.8 Surplus Land ...................................................................................................................... 85

4.9 Existing Cropping Pattern ................................................................................................... 86

4.10 Proposed Cropping Pattern .............................................................................................. 86

4.11 Source of Irrigation .......................................................................................................... 86




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4.12 Irrigation Source Wise Crop Area: ..................................................................................... 87

4.13 Categorization of Sub-basin: ............................................................................................. 88

4.14 Perennial Crops Suggested in Basin: .................................................................................. 88

4.15 Crop Productivity and Requirement: ................................................................................. 88

4.16 Crop Production: .............................................................................................................. 89

4.17 Research and Extension: ................................................................................................... 89

4.18 Agro based Industries ....................................................................................................... 90

4.19 Ultimate Irrigation Potential: ............................................................................................ 91

4.20 Conclusions and Recommendations: ................................................................................. 92

4.21 Annexures ....................................................................................................................... 93

4.21.1 Annexure 4.1 ........................................................................................................................ 93

4.21.2 Annexure 4.2 ........................................................................................................................ 94

4.21.3 Annexure 4.3 ........................................................................................................................ 95

4.21.4 Annexure 4.4 ........................................................................................................................ 97

4.21.5 Annexure 4.5 ...................................................................................................................... 103

4.21.6 Annexure 4.6 ...................................................................................................................... 111

4.21.7 Annexure 4.7 ...................................................................................................................... 114

4.21.8 Annexure 4.8 ...................................................................................................................... 116

4.21.9 Annexure 4.9 ...................................................................................................................... 117

4.21.10 Annexure 4.10 .................................................................................................................... 122

4.21.11 Annexure 4.11 .................................................................................................................... 130

4.21.12 Annexure 4.12 .................................................................................................................... 131

4.21.13 Annexure 4.13 .................................................................................................................... 133

4.21.14 Annexure 4.14 .................................................................................................................... 134

5 River System......................................................................................................................... 137

5.1 River System .................................................................................................................... 137

5.2 Details of WF River System in the Maharashtra State ......................................................... 137

5.3 Broad classification of WFRB - .......................................................................................... 140

5.4 Morphological details of rivers ......................................................................................... 140

5.5 List of sub basins classified for different purposes .............................................................. 140

6 Surface & Ground Water Availability ..................................................................................... 143

6.1 Meteorological setup ....................................................................................................... 143

6.2 Hydrometeorology ........................................................................................................... 144

6.2.1 Rainfall Phenomena ............................................................................................................ 144

6.2.2 Rainfall Pattern and Rainfall Distribution ........................................................................... 145

6.2.3 Water Availability ............................................................................................................... 154

6.2.4 Surface Water ..................................................................................................................... 154

6.2.5 Ground Water availability .................................................................................................. 166




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6.3 Tribunal award ................................................................................................................ 176

6.4 Water availability ............................................................................................................ 176

7 Water Resources Development ............................................................................................. 179

7.1 Surface Irrigation ............................................................................................................ 179

7.1.1 Preamble............................................................................................................................. 179

7.1.2 Flow Irrigation..................................................................................................................... 180

7.1.3 Lift Irrigation ....................................................................................................................... 198

7.1.4 Sedimentation .................................................................................................................... 201

7.1.5 Special Features .................................................................................................................. 202

7.1.6 Future Planning .................................................................................................................. 204

7.1.7 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................ 206

7.2 Other Important Uses ..................................................................................................... 206

7.2.1 Preamble............................................................................................................................. 206

7.2.2 Drinking and Domestic Water: ........................................................................................... 208

7.2.3 Water for industries ........................................................................................................... 214

7.2.4 Water for Environment and importance of Environmental Flows (E-flows) ...................... 217

7.2.5 Fisheries: Water for Pisciculture (Inland Fisheries) ............................................................ 217

7.2.6 Water for Tourism .............................................................................................................. 221

7.2.7 Navigation ........................................................................................................................... 223

7.3 List of References ............................................................................................................ 223

8 Water Transfer Management ................................................................................................ 225

8.1 Interstate water projects ................................................................................................. 225

8.1.1 Interlinking of Rivers ........................................................................................................... 225

8.1.2 Interstate Projects .............................................................................................................. 225

8.2 Inter-basin diversion within State of Maharashtra ........................................................... 226

8.3 Left over water as per Tribunal ........................................................................................ 231

8.4 Inter sub-basin (Intra-basin) water transfer ..................................................................... 231

8.5 Alternative options for water diversion schemes ............................................................. 232

8.6 Conclusions and recommendations ................................................................................. 232

9 Watershed Development and Management ........................................................................... 233

9.1 Watershed development. ................................................................................................. 233

9.1.1 Concept of Watershed Development and Management ................................................... 233

9.1.2 Types of Watershed Development Works – ....................................................................... 234

9.1.3 Prioritisation in selecting Watershed for taking up WSD works – ..................................... 235

9.1.4 Sub basin wise details of watersheds – .............................................................................. 235

9.1.5 Impact of Watershed Development Works: - .................................................................... 237

9.1.6 Performance evaluation of completed WSD works – ........................................................ 238

9.1.7 Criteria for deciding status of exploitation of GW.....................................……………………..241




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9.2 Sub basin wise additional GW recharge due to WSD works .............................................. 241

9.3 Recommendations of various Committees: ...................................................................... 244

9.3.1 Committee for Drought Prone Area (Sukhthankar Samiti), 1973 ...................................... 244

9.3.2 Dr. Subramanyam Samiti, 1987 .......................................................................................... 244

9.3.3 White Paper, 1995 .............................................................................................................. 244

9.3.4 Maharashtra Water & Irrigation Commission, 1999 .......................................................... 244

9.3.5 National Water Policy, 2002 / 2012 ................................................................................... 245

9.3.6 Way forward ....................................................................................................................... 245

10 Water Balance of WFR Basin ................................................................................................. 247

10.1 For preparation of ISWP of WFR Basin In detail the WFR Basin in Maharashtra is naturaly

divided into 28 basins. Their names and geographical areas as shown below ......................... 247

10.2 Water balance of WFR Basin: ......................................................................................... 248

10.2.1 General ............................................................................................................................... 248

10.2.2 Surface Water Availability .................................................................................................. 248

10.2.3 Water Requirement ............................................................................................................ 250

10.2.4 Regeneration ...................................................................................................................... 250

10.2.5 Water Balance of sub basin ................................................................................................ 250

10.2.6 The integrated water balance ............................................................................................ 250

10.2.7 Water in balance in the sub basin and conclusions for implementation ........................... 257

10.2.8 Annex- I: Sub basin wise Water Balance ............................................................................ 258

10.2.9 Annex-II: Groundwater Balance ..................................................................................... 301

11 Water Resources Management ............................................................................................. 305

11.1 Management of Irrigation Projects ................................................................................ 305

11.1.1 Introduction: ....................................................................................................................... 305

11.1.2 Review of Documents: ........................................................................................................ 305

11.1.3 Modernisation of Irrigation Systems: ................................................................................. 308

11.1.4 Volumetric Supply .............................................................................................................. 310

11.1.5 Piped Distribution Network: ............................................................................................... 310

11.1.6 Maintenance & Repairs: ..................................................................................................... 310

11.1.7 Revision of Irrigation Potential: .......................................................................................... 311

11.1.8 Eight Monthly Irrigation: .................................................................................................... 312

11.1.9 Projectwise Management Improvement Plan: ................................................................... 313

11.1.10 Conclusions: ........................................................................................................................ 313

11.1.11 Recommendations: ............................................................................................................. 313

11.1.12 Annexures ........................................................................................................................... 315

11.2 Management of Water Resources: Other important uses ............................................... 337

11.2.1 Introduction: ....................................................................................................................... 337

11.2.2 Management of Drinking / Domestic Water Supply: ......................................................... 337




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11.2.3 National Rural Drinking Water Program (NRDWP) ............................................................ 338

11.2.4 Problems / gaps in services provided (domestic water supply): ........................................ 339

11.2.5 Suggestions and action plan: .............................................................................................. 340

11.2.6 Legal Provisions: ................................................................................................................. 341

11.2.7 Maharashtra Slum Areas (Improvement, Clearance and Redevelopment) Policy ..................... 341

11.2.8 Case Studies: ....................................................................................................................... 341

11.2.9 National Water Policy (2012): ............................................................................................ 344

11.2.10 Management of domestic and industrial water resource .................................................. 345

11.2.11 Water for environment and importance of E-flows: .......................................................... 346

11.2.12 Resilience to Climate Change: ............................................................................................ 349

11.2.13 Background and Justification: ............................................................................................ 349

11.2.14 Recommendation for industrial water management: ........................................................ 349

11.2.15 Recommendations for maintaining E-flows: ...................................................................... 349

11.2.16 Recommendations for resilience to climate change impacts: ........................................... 350

11.2.17 References .......................................................................................................................... 350

Minutes of Maharashtra State Water Council's 5 th meeting dated 22.06.2018 and compliance ......... 353




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List of Tables

Table 1-1: Total Land Use / Cover statistics ……………………………………………………………………….........................37

Table 1-2: Basin wise Land Use Cover Statistics........................................... ………………….....................…..40

Table 1-3: Basin wise water availability .............................................................. ………………………………………..44

Table 1-4: Category of Sub Basins w.r.t. Water Availability ........................................................ ..................44

Table 1-5: Status of Irrigation Projects .......................................................................................................... 45

Table 2.1: Succession of Geological Formation.......................................................................................49

Table 2.2 : Stratigraphical Succession of Geological formations....................................................................53

Table 3-1: Soil Series ........................................ ............................................................................................. 65

Table 3-2: Soil Depth Class ............................................................................................................................. 66

Table 3-3: Soil Textural Class in Basin ............................................................................................................ 67

Table 3-4: Soil Erosion Status ......................................................................................................................... 68

Table 3-5: Soil Drainage Condition................................................................................................................. 69

Table 3-6: Land capability Class ..................................................................................................................... 70

Table 3-7: Slope Classes ................................................................................................................................. 72

Table 3-8: Soil Type and Suitable Crops ......................................................................................................... 73

Table 3-9: Sub-Basin Wise Area under Different Soil Series Category .......................................................... 75

Table 3-10: Sub-Basin Wise(28 Sub-Basins) Area under Different Soil Depth Category ............................... 76

Table 3-11: Sub-Basin (28 Sub-Basins) Wise Area under Different Soil Texture…………..…….…......................77

Table 3-12: Sub-Basin (28 Sub-Basins) Wise Area under Different Soil Erosion………………….. .................... ..78

Table 3-13: Sub-Basin (28 Sub-Basins) Wise Area under Different Soil Drainage condition

Category ......................................................................................................................................................... 79

Table 3-14: The Sub-basin Wise (all 28 sub-basins) Area under different Land Capability

Classes……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ....................... ..80

Table 3-15: Nature of Land slopes ................................................................................................................. 81

Table 4-1: Land Use Pattern ........................................................................................................................... 83

Table 4-2: Details of Land: ............................................................................................................................. 84

Table 4-3: Diversion of Agriculture Land ....................................................................................................... 85

Table 4-4: Surplus Land in WFRB ................................................................................................................... 85

Table 4-5: Exsisting Cropping Pattern ............................................................................................................ 86

Table 4-6 : Source of Irrigation ...................................................................................................................... 87

Table 4-7: Irrigation Sourcewise Crop Area ................................................................................................... 87

Table 4-8: Categorization of WFRB ................................................................................................................ 88

Table 4-9: Productivity of Different Crops ..................................................................................................... 88

Table 4-10: Cropwise yield ............................................................................................................................. 89

Table 4-11: Agricultural Infrastructure .......................................................................................................... 90

Table 4-12: Aggriculture Marketing ............................................................................................................... 90

Table 4-13: Ultimate Irrigation Potential ....................................................................................................... 91

Table 5-1: West Flowing River System in the Maharashtra State ..................... ……………………………………….137

Table 5-2: Morphological details of rivers ................................................................................................... 140

Table 6-1: Basinwise Meteorological stations network of HP,Nashik ......................................................... 144

Table 6-2: Meteorological stations data used for WFR Basin/sub-basins ................................................... 144

Table 6-3: Annual observed station Rainfall in WFR basins ......................................................................... 145

Table 6-4: Valley wise Annual Rainfall Distribution ................................................................................... 148

Table 6-5: Valley wise Average Annual of rainfall …………………………………………………………...…......................150

Table 6-6: Adequacy of Rain gauge Stations ................................................................................................ 152

Table 6-7: Cliamtalogical data of WFR basin. .............................................................................................. 153

Table 6-8: River gauging and tank data used for analysis ............................................................................ 155

Table 6-9: Sub-basin wise Monthly/monsoon regression equations for monsoon months ...................... 157

Table 6-10: Post monsoon flow ................................................................................................................... 160

Table 6-11: Sub-basin wise present Annual yields arrived for WFR Basin ................................................... 161




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Table 6-12: Comparison * of previous estimations and present estimation of yields ............................... 163

Table 6-13: Annual yield rates arrived for WFR basins ............................................................................... 165

Table 6-14: Sub-basins wise Ground Water Assessment (GEC 97) 2011-12 without ................................ 167

Table 6-15: Sub basin wise Annual Yield rates Arrived For WFRB .............................................................. 168

Table 6-16: Sub-basins wise Ground Water Assessment (GEC 97) 2011-12 with ..................................... 170

Table 6-17: Ground Water Availaibility For the Basin ................................................................................ 171

Table 6-18: Categorisation Of Watersheds in WFRB. ................................................................................. 172

Table 6-19: Classification of sub-basins on the basis of water availability…………………………......................177

Table 6-20: Classification of sub-basins according to water availability…………………………….......................178

Table 7-1: Project Categorisation ............................................................................................................... 179

Table 7-2: Status of Irrigation Projects ....................................................................................................... 181

Table 7-3: Abstract of Status of Irrigation Development ............................................................................ 196

Table 7-4: Well Irrigation in WFR Basin ...................................................................................................... 198

Table 7-5: Sources, Nature and Objective of Lift Irrigation Schemes ......................................................... 199

Table 7-6: Lift Schemes in WFR Basin ......................................................................................................... 199

Table 7-7: Sedimentation in Sub Basins in WFR Basin in Maharashtra ...................................................... 201

Table 7-8: Micro Irrigation in WFR Basin .................................................................................................... 203

Table 7-9: Backlog in Various Sub Basins .................................................................................................... 204

Table 7-10: Water Availability and Present/Future Planning ..................................................................... 205

Table 7-11: Inter-Sector Water Allocation .................................................................................................. 207

Table 7-12: Assessment and Recovery of Revenue generated (In INR Crore) ............................................ 208

Table 7-13: Population and Domestic Water Demand as per MJP ............................................................. 209

Table 7-14: Population and Domestic Water Demand as per current norms for 2016 and as

per Kelkar Committee Norms recommended for 2030 ........................................................................... ...209

Table 7-15: Urban and Rural domestic water use assessed for 28 sub-basins ........................................... 210 Table 7-16: Current status of urban water supply and sanitation schemes in the WFR Basin ................................... 212

Table 7-17: Current status of rural water supply and sanitation schemes in the WFR Basin ..................................... 213

Table 7-18: Current industrial water requirement ..................................................................................... 215

Table 7-19: Industrial Water Demand Projected for 2030 ......................................................................... 215

Table 7-20: Water Demand of certain important Industries ...................................................................... 215

Table 7-21: Norms for contracting the fishing tanks (as per GR dated 15-01-2001, GoM) ........................ 218

Table 7-22: No. of tanks, water spread area, fish production, rate of fish production, fish

seed centers, fish conservation ponds and capacity of fish seed rearing tanks for the year

2010 and 2030 ............................................................................................................................................ 219

Table 7-23: Sub basin wise co-operative societies for fisherman .............................................................. 220

Table 7-24: Some of the important Interstate water routes ...................................................................... 223

Table 8-1: Proposed River Interlinking Projects in WFR basin .................................................................... 226

Table 8-2: Summary of Proposed diversion of WFR To Tapi ,Godavari And Krishna Basin And

PTN, DP Link ............................................................................................................................................... 227

Table 8-3: Intra basin water diversion schemes ......................................................................................... 231

Table 9-1: Sub basin wise details of watersheds ........................................................................................ 236

Table 9-2: Watershed criticality .................................................................................................................. 241

Table 9-3: Watershed wise details of ground water recharge in Mcum .................................................... 242

Table 10-1: WFR basins ............................................................................................................................... 247

Table 10-2: Sub-basin wise present Annual Yields arrived for WFR Basin ................................................. 249

Table 10-3: Integration of water balance at present and by 2030 of Entire WFRB .................................... 251

Table 10-4:WFR Basin - Picture of Integrated Water Balance : Present Status ......................................... 252

Table 10-5: WFR Basin - Picture of Integrated Water Balance : Status By 2030 ....................................... 254

Table 10-6: Water in balance in the sub basin and conclusions for implementation ................................ 257

Table 10-7: Demand Of Water for Domestic And Industrial Water use ..................................................... 286

Table 10-8: Status of Irrigation Projects ..................................................................................................... 291

Table 10-9: Ground Water Balance of WFRB .............................................................................................. 302




19

Figure 1-1: WFR Basin ...................................................................................................................................... 36

Figure 1-2: Temperature Profile ...................................................................................................................... 38

Figure 1-3: Basin area ...................................................................................................................................... 42

Figure 1-4: Sub-basin wise watersheds............................................................................................................ 43

Figure 2-1: Groundwater Recharge Components ............................................................................................ 60

Figure 3-1: Percentage area under different Soil depth classes ...................................................................... 66

Figure 3-2: Soil textural classification .............................................................................................................. 67

Figure 3-3: Soil erosion status .......................................................................................................................... 68

Figure 3-4: Drainage condition in WFR basin ................................................................................................... 69

Figure 3-5: Land capability classification ......................................................................................................... 71

Figure 3-6: Arable and Non-arable land distribution ....................................................................................... 71

Figure 3-7: % Area under different slope categories ....................................................................................... 73

Figure 5-1: Line diagram of rivers .................................................................................................................. 141

Figure 6-1: WFR Basin .................................................................................................................................... 143

Figure 6-2: FCS station –Sukhsale ................................................................................................................. 153

Figure 6-3: Groundwater Recharge Components ......................................................................................... 174




20




21

Glossary

S. No. Abbreviation Full form

1 AA Administrative Approval

2 ACP Ari commodity Parks/Assistant Commissioner of Police

3 ACS Additional Chief Secretary

4 ACZ Agro-Climatic Zones

5 AD Anno Domini

6 ADF Animal Husbandry, Dairy Development and Fisheries

7 AFCL. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.

8 AFS Annual Financial Statement

9 AIBP Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Program

10 AICTE All India Council for Technical Education

11 AIDC Agro-Industries Development Corporation

12 AIDP Agro Industry Development Programme

13 ALTS Agriculture Labour Training School

14 AM&R Annual Maintenance and Repairs.

15 AMRUT Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation

16 ANC Ante Natal Care

17 ANM Auxiliary Nurse Midwife

18 APMC Agriculture Produce Marketing Committee

19 AR Assured Rainfall zone

20 ARG Autographic Raingauge Station

21 ARI Acute Respiratory Infection

22 Art Article

23 ARWSP Accelerated Rural Water Supply Program

24 AS Sickle Cell Carrier

25 ASHA Accredited Social Health Activist

26 ASPG Agro Services Provider Groups

27 ATC Additional Tribal Commissioner

28 ATMA Agricultural Technology Management Agency

29 ATS Agriculture Technical School

30 AYUSH Ayurveda,Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha & Homeopathy

31 B.A. Bachelor of Arts

32 B.C. Before Criest

33 B.Com. Bachelor of Commerce

34 B.Sc. Bachelor of Science

35 BAIF Bhartiya Agro Industries Foundations

36 BAM Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada

37 BAMU Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University

38 BCM Billon Cubic Meter




22

39 BDO Block Development Officer

40 BEAMS Budget Estimation, Allocation & Monitoring System

41 BHEL Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited

42 BMI Body Mass Index

43 BOD Biological Oxygen Demand

44 BOT Build, Operate &Transfer

45 BPC Block Planning Committee

46 BPL Below Poverty Line

47 BPO Business Processing Outsourcing

48 CAD Command Area Development

49 CADA CommandArea Development Authority

50 CADWM Command Area Development&Water Management

51 CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate

52 CBA Cost Benefit Analysis

53 CBIP Central Board of Irrigation and Power

54 CBR Crude Birth Rate

55 CC Community College

56 CCA Culturable CommandArea

57 CCT Continuous Contour Trenches

58 CDO Central Design Organisation

59 CEO Chief Executive Officer

60 CEPI Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Index

61 CETP Central Effluent Treatment Plant

62 CETP CommonEffluentTreatment Plant

63 CFC Common Facility Centre

64 CGB Central Godavari Basin

65 CGWB Central Groundwater Board

66 CHC Community Health Centre

67 CHW Community HealthWorkers

68 CIDCO City and Industrial Development Corporation

69 CIE Co-operative Industrial Estate

70 CII Confederation of Indian Industries

71 CIL Coal India Limited

72 CM Chief Minister

73 Cm. Centimetre

74 Col. Collectively

75 COTS Commercial on the Shelf

76 CPCB Central Pollution Control Board

77 CPHEEO Central Public Health & Environmental Engineering Organisation

78 CRF Central Roads Fund

79 CRHP Comprehensive Rural Health Project




23

80 CRIDA Central Research Institute for Dry LandAreas

81 CRZ Coastal Regulation Zone

82 CSS Centrally Sponsored Scheme

83 cum. Cubic meter

84 CV Coefficient of Variation

85 CWC Central Water Commission

86 DADM Dry-Land Agriculture Development Mission

87 DCM Deputy Chief Minister

88 DCR Development Control Regulations

89 DEO District Extension Officer

90 DEOC District Emergency Operation Centre

91 DES Directorate of Economics and Statistics

92 DESU District Extension Services Unit

93 DFID Department for International Development (UK)

94 DIC District Industries Centre

95 DIPP Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion

96 DIRD Directorate of Irrigation Research and Development

97 DIV Division

98 DLHS District Level Household Survey

99 DMIC Delhi - Mumbai Industrial Corridor

100 DMP Disaster Management Plan

101 DP Drought Prone

102 DPA Drought Prone Area

103 DPAP Drought ProneArea Programme

104 DPC District Planning Committee

105 DPDC District Planning and Development Council

106 DRDA District Rural Development Agency

107 DSR District Schedule of Rates

108 DST Distribution Network

109 DTE Directorate of Technical Education

110 DWMC District Watershed Management Committee

111 EBM Education Backwardness Measure

112 EDP Educational Development Plan

113 EGB Eastern Godavari Basin

114 EGoM Empowered Group of Ministers

115 EGS Employment Guarantee Scheme

116 EHV Extra-HighVoltage

117 EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

118 EMI Eight Monthly Irrigation

119 ESIC Employees State Insurance Corporation

120 ESP Electrostatic Precipitator




24

121 EXIM Export Import

122 F.R.L. Full Reservoir Level

123 FAO food & agriculture organisation

124 FC Forest Conservation

125 FCI Food Corporation of India

126 FCS Flood Control Station

127 FCS Full Climatological Stations

128 FDA Food and Drugs Administration

129 FFC Fact Finding Committee

130 FFT Fact FindingTeam

131 FLIM Fodder and Livestock Improvement Mission

132 FRA Forest RightsAct

133 FRBM Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management

134 FReL Fiscal Responsibility Law

135 FSI Floor Space Index

136 FTK Field Testing Kits

137 FTWZ FreeTrade Warehousing Zone

138 FW Family Welfare

139 FWTI Farm Women Training Institute

140 FY Financial Year

141 FYP Five Year Plan

142 G & D Gauge & Discharge

143 GA Geographical Area

144 GB Godavari Baisn

145 GDDP Gross District Domestic Product

146 GDDPCI Gross District Domestic Per Capita Income

147 GDP Gross Domestic Product

148 GDP Gross Domestic Product

149 GDS Gauge discharge sites

150 GEMS Global Environmental Monitoring System

151 GGE Gender Gaps in Education

152 GH Ghat Zone

153 GIA Grant-in-Aid

154 GIS Geographical Information Systems

155 GIWP Godavari Integrated Water Plan

156 GMIDC Godavari Marathwada Irrigation Development Corporation

157 GMR Grandhi Mallikarjuna Rao

158 GoI Government of India

159 GoM Government of Maharashtra

160 GOS Gate Operation Schedule

161 GR Government Resolution




25

162 GSDA GroundWater Survey&DevelopmentAgency

163 GSDA) Groundwater Surveys & Development Agency

164 GSDP Gross State Domestic Product

165 GST Goods and ServiceTax

166 GW Groundwater

167 GWDT Godavari Water Dispute Tribunal

168 GWMA Ground Water Management Association

169 GWP Global Water Partnership

170 Ha Hectare

171 HDI Human Development Index

172 HFL High Flood Level

173 HIG High Income Group

174 HIV Human Immuno deficiencyVirus

175 HLEG High Level Expert Group

176 HMIS Health Management Information System

177 Hon'ble Honorable

178 HP Horse Power

179 HR Human Resources/ Head Regulator (Tudumb).

180 HRA House Rent Allowance

181 HRD Human Resource Development

182 HRM High Rainfall zone with soil from Mixed parent material

183 HSC Higher Secondary Certificate

184 HW Hot Weather

185 HYV High Yield Variety

186 I&BC Indicators and Backlog Committee

187 IAM Institute of Agricultural Mechanization

188 IAP Integrated Action Plan

189 IAS Indian Administrative Service

190 IBSSA Incentive Based Scheme for Skill Acquisition

191 ICA Irrigable Command Area

192 ICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research

193 ICDS Integrated Child Development Scheme

194 ICT Information and Communications Technology

195 ICTC Integrated Counselling and Treatment Centre

196 IDCs Irrigation Development Corporations

197 IDMO Integrated Disaster Management Organization

198 IEA Independent Evaluation Agency

199 IEM Industrial Entrepreneurs Memorandum

200 IEO Independent Evaluation Office

201 IEPL Ideal Energy Projects Ltd.

202 IGIDR Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research




26

203 IID Integrated Infrastructure Development

204 IIM Indian Institute of Management

205 IIPS International Institute for Population Sciences

206 IIT Indian Institute of Technology

207 IIUS Industrial Infrastructure Upgradation Scheme

208 ILA Institutional & Legal Arrangements

209 IMD Indian Meteorological Department

210 IMF International Monetary Fund

211 IMFL Indian Made Foreign Liquor

212 IMR Infant Mortality Rate

213 INM Integrated Nutrient Management

214 IP Irrigation Potential

215 IPHS Indian Public Health Standards

216 IPI Irrigation Project Investigation

217 IRBP Integrated River Basin Planning

218 IRC Indian Roads Congress

219 IRD Irrigation Research Directorate

220 ISRO Indian Space Research Organization

221 ISSP Indian Statistical Statement Project

222 ISWP Integrated State Water Plan

223 IT Information Technology

224 ITDP Integrated Tribal Development Project

225 ITES Information Technology Enabled Services

226 ITI Industrial Training Institute

227 IWRDM Integrated Water Resource Development & Management

228 IWRDP Integrated Water Resources Development Plan

229 IWT Inland Water Transport

230 JNNURM Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission

231 JNPT Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust

232 JRMMC Joint Risk Monitoring and Management Committee

233 KEM Konkan Excluding Mumbai

234 KFW Kreditanstalt Fur Wiederaufbau(Reconstruction Credit Institute)

235 Kg./Ha Kilogram per Hectare

236 Khar Pan Patta Saline Area of Amravati and Akola Districts

237 KIDC Konkan Irrigation Development Corporation

238 KM Kilo Meter

239 KT Kolhapur Type

240 KVI Key Volume Indicator

241 KVK Krishi Vigyan Kendra

242 KW KiloWatt

243 KWDT Krishna Water Dispute Tribunal




27

244 KWH Kilo Watt Hour

245 L&Jd Law and Judiciary Department

246 LBC Left Bank Canal

247 LHV Lady Health Visitor

248 LIG Low Income Group

249 LIS Lift Irrigation Scheme

250 lpcd litres per capita per day

251 LPCPD Litres Per Capita Per Day

252 LRDS Limited Rate Demand Schedule

253 LS Local Sector

254 LWE Left Wing Extremism

255 LWL Lowest water level

256 M Meter

257 M&R Maintance & Repairs

258 M2 Square Meter

259 M3 Cubic meter

260 MAAS MaharashtraAssociation ofAnthropological Sciences

261 MADC MaharashtraAirport Development Company

262 MAFSU MaharshtraAnimal and Fishery Sciences University

263 MAHAGENCO Maharashtra State Power Generation Company Limited

264 MAIC Maharashtra Agro-Industrial Corporation

265 MAID MaharashtraAgro-Industries Development Corporation

266 MARD Marathwada Aurangabad Revenue Division

267 MASA Maharashtra Agriculture StatisticalAgency

268 MAU Marathwada Agricultural University

269 MAX Maximum

270 MBA Master of Business Administration

271 MBBS Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery

272 MCAFR Maharashtra Council for Agriculture Education and Research

273 MCAR Maharashtra Council of Agricultural Research

274 Mcft Million Cubic feet

275 MCL Mahanadi Coalfields Limited

276 Mcum Million Cubic Meter

277 MDDL Maximum Draw Down Level

278 MDR Major District Roads

279 MDRC Maharashtra Development Research Council

280 MEDA Mission Economic Development Association

281 MEDC Maharashtra Economic Development Council

282 MEGS Maharashtra Employment Guarantee Scheme

283 MERI Maharashtra Engineering Research Institute

284 MFP Minimum Foundation Programme




28

285 MGA Maharashtra Ground Water Act.

286 MGNREGA Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act

287 MGW (D&M) Maharashtra Ground Water (Development and Management) Act,

2009/2013 Act 2009

288 MHADA Maharashtra Housing and Area Development Authority

289 MHRD Ministry of Human Resource Development

290 MI Minor Irrigation

291 MIDC Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation

292 MIG Middle Income Group

293 MIHAN Multi-modal International Cargo Hub and Airport at Nagpur

294 MIN Minimum

295 MINARS Monitoring of Indian National Aquatic Resources

296 MIS Management Information System

297 MIS Micro Irrigation System

298 MIT Maharashtra Information of Technology

299 MJP Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran

300 MKVDC Maharashtra Krishna Valley Development Corporation

301 MLA Member of Legislative Assembly

302 MLC Member of Legislative Council

303 MLD/mld Million Litres per Day

304 MLLA Maharashtra Land Lease Act

305 MM Maji Malgujari (In the context of Nagpur)

306 MM Mile Meter

307 Mm3 Million Cubic Meter

308 MMISF Maharashtra Management of Irrigation System by Farmers Act.

309 MMR Maternal Mortality Ratio

310 MMTs Maji Malgujari Tanks

311 MNC Multi National Company

312 MNP Minimum Needs Programme

313 MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forests

314 Mono- croping Paddy crop

315 MoRD Ministry of Research & Development

316 MoWRGOI Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India

317 MP MP Member of Parliament

318 MPCB Maharashtra Pollution Control Board

319 MPCE Monthly Per capita Consumer Expenditure

320 MPHW Multi-Purpose Health Worker

321 MPKV Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth

322 MPLAD Members of Parliament LocalArea Development

323 MPR Monthly Progressive Report

324 MPW MultipurposeWorker




29

325 MR Moderate Rainfall zone

326 MRSAC Maharashtra Remote Sensing Application Center

327 MSE-CDP Micro and Small Enterprises - Cluster Development Programme

328 MSH Major State Highway

329 MSL Mean Sea Level

330 MSME Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise

331 MSP Minimum Support Price

332 MSSIDC Maharashtra Small Scale Industries Development Corporation

333 MT Metric Tonne

334 MTA Million Tonnes per Year

335 MTDC MTDC Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation

336 mtr. Meter

337 MTSE Maharashtra Talent Search Examination

338 MUs Million Units

339 MVET Maharashtra Vocational and Education Training

340 MW Mega Watt

341 MWIS Maharashtra Water and Irrigation Commission

342 MWRDC Maharashtra Water Resources Developement Corporation

343 MWRRA Maharashtra Water Resources Regulatory Authority

344 MWSIP Maharashtra Water Sector Improvement Project

345 NABARD National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development

346 NAC National Agricultural Commission

347 NAREGA National Rural Employment GuaranteeAct

348 NASSCOM NationalAssociation of Software and Services Companies

349 NBSS National Bureau of Soil Survey

350 N-CADA New CommandArea DevelopmentAuthority

351 NDMA National Disaster Management Authority

352 NDWM National Drinking water Mission

353 NEERI State Level Water Quality Review Committee

354 NEP National Environment Policy ()

355 NFHS National Family Health Survey

356 NGO Non Government Organisation

357 NH National Highway

358 NHDP National Highways Development Project

359 NHP National Health Package

360 NIC National Irrigation Commission

361 NIMZ National Investment and Manufacturing Zone

362 NIT National Institute ofTechnology

363 NNMB National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau

364 NPK Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Kalium (Potassium)

365 NPV Net PresentValue




30

366 NRCP National River Conservation Plan

367 NRDWP National Rural Drinking Water Program

368 NRHM National Rural Health Mission

369 NRLD National Register on Large Dams

370 NRSC National Remote Sensing Center

371 NSF National Sanitation Foundation

372 NSSO National Sample Survey Organization

373 NTFP Non-Timber Forest Produce

374 NVEQF NVEQF NationalVocational Education Qualifications Framework

375 NWDA. National Water Development Authority

376 NWMP National Water Quality Monitoring Program

377 NWP National Water Policy

378 O & M Operation & Maintenance

379 OCR Optical Character Recognition

380 ODR Other District Road

381 OTSP OutsideTribal Sub Plan

382 P.G. Post Graduation

383 PAPs Project Affected Persons

384 PAR Performance Appraisal Report

385 PCI Per Capita Income

386 PDN Pipeline Distribution Network

387 PDROs Primary Dispute Resolution Officers

388 PDS Public Distribution System

389 PESA Panchayat Extension to ScheduledAreas

390 PHC Primary Health Centre

391 PHCC Primary Health Care Centre

392 PHN Public Health Nurse

393 PIM Participatory Irrigation Management

394 PKV Panjabrao KrishiVidyapeeth

395 plf Plant Load Factor

396 PMF Probable Maximum Flood (

397 PMGSY Pradhan Mantri Gram SadakYojna

398 PMKSY Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana

399 PPP Public Private Partnership

400 PPP Public Private Partnership

401 PRBC Pravara Right Bank Canal

402 PRI Panchayati Raj Institution

403 PSI Package of Scheme of Incentives

404 PSU Public Sector Undertaking

405 PTG PrimitiveTribal Groups

406 PURA Provision of UrbanAmenities to Rural Areas




31

407 PV Photovoltaic

408 PWD Public Works Department

409 R&D Research and Development

410 R&R/RR Rainfall & Runoff

411 RAA Revised Administrative Approval

412 Rabi Season Winter Season

413 RAMM Regional Agriculture Mechanization Mission

414 RBA River Basin Agency

415 RBC Right Bank Canal

416 RCH Reproductive&Child Health

417 RD Revenue Division

418 RDB Regional Development Board

419 RDC Regional Development Commissioner

420 RDD Rural Development Department

421 RDP Road Development Plan

422 REDD Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation

423 RF Reserved Forest

424 RFI Rural Financial Institutions

425 RGNDWM Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission

426 RGS River Gauging Station

427 RH Rural Hospital

428 RIP Revision of Irrigation Potential

429 RL Reduce Level

430 RM Rising Main

431 RMP Risk-Management plan

432 RoM Rest of Maharashtra (Pune, Nashik&Konkan Revenue Divisions)

433 ROS Reservoir Operation Schedule

434 RRO Relief and Rehabilitation Organization

435 RRR Repairs Renovation & Restoration

436 Rs. Rupees

437 RTE Right to Education

438 RTI Right to Information

439 RTM Rashtrasant Tukdoji Maharaj

440 RUSA Rashtriya Uccha ShikshaAbhiyan

441 SC Scheduled Caste

442 SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

443 SCD Survey of Cause of Death

444 SCSP Scheduled Caste Sub Plan

445 SD Standard Deviation

446 SDB Statutory Development Board

447 SDP State Domestic Product




32

448 SEARCH Society for Education,Action and Research in Community Health

449 SECL South Eastern Coalfields Limited

450 SEIA Socio-Economic Impact Assessment

451 SEOC State Emergency Operation Centre

452 SEZ Special Economic Zone

453 SH State Highway

454 SHC Sub Health Centre

455 SHG Self Help Group

456 SIT Special Investigation Team

457 SME Small and Medium Enterprise

458 SNDT Shreemati Nathibai DamodarThackersey

459 SPV Special PurposeVehicle

460 Sq.Ft. Square Feet

461 Sq.Km. Square Kilometre

462 SR Special Repairs

463 SRG Standard Rain Gauge

464 SRI System of Rice Intensification

465 SRTM Swami RamanandTirtha Marathwada

466 SS Sicklecell Society

467 SS State Sector Projects

468 SSA Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan

469 SSC Secondary School Certificate

470 SSI Small Scale Industries

471 SSSP State Statistical Strengthening Project

472 ST ScheduledTribe

473 Std. Standard

474 STDEV Standard Deviation

475 STP Systematic Transfer Plan

476 SWB State Water Board

477 SWC State Water Councial

478 SWP State Water Policy

479 TAC TribalAdvisory Council

480 Tb Tuberculosis

481 TCS Tata Consultancy Services

482 TDD Tribal Development Department

483 TDI Taluka Development Index

484 TDR Transfer of Development Rights

485 TFR Total Fertility Rate

486 TGA Total Geographical Area

487 Th.HA. Thousand Hectare

488 TIDC Tapi Irrigation Development Corporation




33

489 TINA There Is No Alternative

490 TMC Thousand Million Cubic feet

491 ToR Terms of Reference

492 TP Transit Permit / Treatment Plant

493 TPP TPP Thermal Power Plant

494 TRDF Technical Research and Development Fund

495 TRI Transition Zone - I

496 TRTI Tribal Research&Training Institute

497 TSP Tribal Sub Plan

498 TTR2 Transition Zone - II

499 TUF Technology Upgradation Fund

500 UGC University Grants Commission

501 UHC Universal Health Care

502 UIDSSMT Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns

503 ULB Urban Local Bodies

504 UMPP Ultra Mega Power Plant

505 UNDP United Nations Development Programme

506 UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention of Climate Change

507 UNFPA United Nations Population Fund

508 Unicef United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund

509 US United States

510 USA United States ofAmerica

511 USFDA United States Food and Drug Administarion

512 VAT Value Added Tax

513 VATI Vocational Agriculture Training Institute

514 VGF Viability Gap Funding

515 VIDC Vidarbha Irrigation Development Corporation

516 Viz Used for 'for example', 'as like'

517 VM Volumetric Measurement

518 VR Village Road

519 VRL Very high Rainfall zone with Lateritic with black and red soil (Vertisol

&Oxysol)

520 VRN Very high Rainfall zone with Non-Lateritic soils

521 VSI Vasantdada Sugar Institute

522 VTDC VidarbhaTourism Development Corporation

523 w.r.t. With reference to

524 WALMI Water and Land Management Institute

525 WAT Water Absorption Trenches

526 WCD Water Conservation Department

527 WCL Western Coalfields Limited

528 WER Water Evaporation Retardant




34

529 WFR West Flowing Rivers

530 WGB Western Godavari Basin

531 WHO World Health Organisation

532 WMGR Water Management, Governance & Regulation

533 WMO World Meteorological Organization

534 WQAA Water Quality Assessment Authority

535 WQI Water Quality Index

536 WQRC Water Quality Review Committee WQRC

537 WRD Water Resources Department

538 WRMT Water Resources Management & Training

539 WSD Watershed Development

540 WSSD Water Supply and Sanitation Department

541 WUAs Water Users' Associations

542 WW Waste Weir

543 YAP Yamuna Action Plan

544 YASHADA Yashwantrao ChavanAcademy of DevelopmentAdministration

545 YOY Year on Year

546 ZP Zilla Parishad

547 ZREAC Zonal Reserch And Extension Advisory Committee




35

1. Introduction

1.1. Preamble

Keeping in view all characteristics of Water as a Resource, different types of infrastructure has been

developed to harness water resource so as to match the supply with the dynamics of various competing

demands on water. A holistic and inter-disciplinary approach towards planning, development and

management of surface & groundwater resource in an integrated & environmentally sound basis, and

governed by rational perspectives should be always aimed at.

As a part of Integrated State Water Plan (ISWP), comprehensive plan for West Flowing Basin has been

prepared by adopting Integrated Water Resource Development and Management (IWRDM) and in

consultation with the stakeholders. Brunt of surface water resource development is taken care of by a

mosaic of major, medium and minor dams scattered all over the basin. Thousands of local sector minor

irrigation schemes (less than 250 ha each) are taken up to ensure dispersal of irrigation benefits in the upper

reaches of sub basins. At the micro level, watershed has been considered as a unit for development. Even if

GW development is done entirely through the private sector, augmentation of GW through water

conservation activities is done through Govt. agencies. Watershed development works ensure more

equitable allocation of water in the watersheds and aim at water security, food security and more

employment generation in rural area. For the basin as a whole, efficient water use in all WRD

infrastructures, optimization of financial returns, increased employment generation in rural area, duly

achieved by least degradation of the environment and ecosystems are the broad objectives.

1.2. Introduction To West Flowing River Basins

West Flowing River Basins is set of 46 rivers out of which 42 rivers originating in western region

(Sahyadri) in Maharashtra state while Dahisar & Poisar Mithi and Oshivara Rivers originate and flow in

Mumbai Island. On Northern side of the western Ghat, there are rivers which originate in Nashik Lake

District of Maharashtra and four of them enter Gujarat State. These rivers are Ambika, Auranga, Nar-Par,

Damanganga last of which also flows through union territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli. Towards west of

these rivers and Vaitarna river there are 12 small streams which originate in local ranges near the coast in

Palghar District. Further south, there is Ulhas River in Thane District. Patalganga, Amba, Kundalika, Mhasala

and Savitri are major rivers in Raigad District. Vashisti, Shastri, Kajvi, Muchkundi and Kodavali rivers originate

in Satara and Sangli District and flow in Ratnagiri District. In southernmost District of Sindhudurg there are

14 rivers grouped under 10 river basins i.e from Vaghotan basin to Mahadayi basin. In this group three basin

viz. namely Terekhol, Tillari and Mahadayi are shared with state of Goa. Some rivers in this basin originate in

Kolhapur District.

WFR basins are neighboured by Tapi and Godavari basins along North and Godavari and Krishna

Basins on Eastern side. Tillari and Mahadayi basins are shared with State of Karnataka and Goa, while

Terekhol River is laterally shared as a part of state boundary between Maharashtra and Goa.




36

Map of entire West Flowing River Basin shown below.

Figure -1.1: West Flowing River Basin




37

1.3. Land use pattern

Existing land use pattern in any river basin is a fairly useful indicator in understanding the socio-

economic status and infrastructural facilities in a River Basin. Major part i.e. about 48% of the West Flowing

basin in Maharashtra state is under agriculture. Eastern part close to Sahyadri ranges is covered by rain

forest and deciduous forests, covering about 29 % of the total basin area. Area under urbanization is about

4%. Other main categories of land use/land cover in the basin are fallow land, waste land, scrub forest area

etc.

Table -1.1: Total Land Use / Cover statistics

TotalBasin Area in

Maharashtra

Category

Built up

land

Agricultural Forest Wasteland Water

bodies

Total

Area (Sq. km) 1375.04 15922.71 9625.29 5138.73 955.45 33017.22

% of Total Area 4.16 48.23 29.15 15.56 2.89 100%

Source: (Information from MRSAC, Nagpur).Abstracted information from each of 28 sub basin.

1.4. Rainfall Pattern in the West Flowing River Basin (WFRB)

West Flowing River Basin receives its maximum rainfall from South-west monsoon, which strikes the

west coast of the Peninsula from West and South-west; meet the Western Ghats or Sahyadri ranges which

present an almost uninterrupted barrier ranging from 600 m to 3500 m in height above MSL. Before

surmounting this barrier, orographic clouds deposit most of their moisture on its windward side, and then

sweep across the interior of the peninsula on the easterly course. WFR basins hence receive annual rainfall

varying from 2500 to 8600 mm in the upper hilly region of Sahyadri range.

West Flowing River basin as a whole receives 100% of the annual rainfall on an average, from

Southwest monsoon only, which sets in by mid June and recedes by mid October. Months of January and

February are almost dry receiving less than 15 mm rainfall. During the next three months up to end of May,

it varies from 20 mm to about 50 mm. There is observed a steady decrease in average rain fall from South to

North.

1.5. Climate

As all basins lie in coastal areas and in Tropical region the climate is hot even and humid for most

parts of the basin. Temperatures vary from 150 to 300degrees Celsius as seen from a typical map given

below. Humidity level varies from 49% to 96% annually. Western Ghat areas are however cooler and dryer

compared to coastal region.




38

Figure -1.2: Temperature Profile

Source: CWC Report on WestFlowingRiverBasin March 2014

1.6. Tribunal Award for West Flowing River Basin

A Tribunal was setup in 2010 for river disputes in Mahadayi basin between states of Goa, Karnataka

and Maharashtra. No award is declared by the Tribunal till February 2018. There is no other Tribunal set up

for these basins. However the KWDT Tribunal award mentions the westward diversion quantities from

respective basins as under;

I: Koyna Dam in Vashishti: 1911.30 Mm3

II: Mulshi Dam in Kundalika: 680.00 Mm3

III: TataLake to Patalganga: 179.40 Mm3

IV: TataLake to Ulhas: 341.20 Mm3

1.7. Status of natural and man-made features in the West Flowing River Basin

In Maharashtrastate, West Flowing River Basins arecovered under one administrative region i.e.

KonkanRegion. However all the rivers in these basins run separately from their origin to their confluence

with the sea and basin boundaries are district limits as well. Hence these basins are presented and studied

as separate units. It is proposed to present in this chapter, salient details of West Flowing Basins by dividing

them and naturally as 28 independent basins.




39

Each of these sub basins is broadly characterized by its own slightly different rainfall pattern,

climate, topography, water resource development infrastructure and also the crops grown. Details of area of

each of the above basins and their percentages are as shown in the table below:

Sr. No. Name of Valley C.A. in Sq. Kms Percentage

1 Ambika 109.13 0.35

2 Auranga 157.42 0.50

3 Nar-Par 778.58 2.47

4 Damanganga 1438 4.56

5 Streams between D and V 1225.05 3.89

6 Vaitarna 3503.86 11.12

7 Ulhas 3689.89 11.71

8 Patalganga 1540.11 4.89

9 Amba 950.28 3.02

10 Kundalika 1074.01 3.41

11 Savitri 2214.99 7.03

12 Mhasala 884.07 2.81

13 Bharja 283.08 0.90

14 Vashishthi 2628.07 8.34

15 Shastri 2735.69 8.68

16 Muchkundi 861.77 2.74

17 Kajavi 548.94 1.74

18 Kodavali 707.96 2.25

19 Waghotan 983.61 3.12

20 Devgad 688.27 2.18

21 Gad 1036.6 3.29

22 Karli 825.59 2.62

23 Vengurla 376.37 1.19

24 Achara 250.23 0.79

25 Terkhol 620.39 1.97

26 Tillari 714.7 2.27

27 Mahadayi 77 0.24

28 Mumbai Island 603.40 1.92

Entire konkan 31507* 100

* These areas are as per hydrology studies carried out for preparation of ISWP which excludes estuariannon

contributing areas.




40

1.7.1. Land Use pattern

Land Use pattern in the 28 basins is as shown below

Table 1.2 Basin wise Land use cover statistics

West Flowing Basins Category

Built up

land

Agricultural Forest Wasteland Water

bodies

Total

Area

(Sq. km)

Area

(Sq. km)

Area

(Sq. km)

Area

(Sq. km)

Area (Sq.

km)

Area

(Sq. km)

Ambika 0.69 33.5 71.28 0.05 0.84 106.36

Aurnga 1.1 64.09 100.2 0.00 2.25 167.64

Nar-par 6.35 358.06 333.11 52.90 18.56 768.98

Damanganga 9.41 718.41 475.74 268.79 33.29 1505.64

Streams btwn D and V 60.36 666.77 228.36 151.39 20.71 1127.59

Vaitarna 58.6 1729.1 1688.09 294.90 173.09 3943.78

Ulhas 214.07 1862.73 1327.72 766.94 161.23 4332.69

Patalganga 188.18 649.73 439.57 336.59 53.41 1667.48

Amba 19.90 422.05 427.56 227.32 37.66 1134.49

Kundalika 15.14 454.61 373.55 201.89 14.63 1059.82

Mhasalakhadi 37.63 1159.95 444.05 586.29 35.76 2263.68

Savitri 16.01 493.15 170.58 248.08 6.34 934.16

Bharja 4.22 202.56 7.11 61.81 3.75 279.45

Vashishti 72.78 1639.31 433.94 470.40 54.58 2671.01

Shastri 81.29 1924.42 424.34 227.65 39.68 2697.38

Kajvi 29.48 446.68 65.32 1.33 6.13 548.94

Muchkundi 39.64 521.31 141.06 154.07 11.73 867.81

Kodavali 26.47 329.09 128.93 200.64 10.71 695.84

Waghotan 26.16 521.71 140.77 294.36 13.2 996.20

Devgad (Kharada) 19.34 400.24 63.19 225.44 23.21 731.42

Achara 50.09 463.33 381.64 126.61 24.66 1046.33

Gad 34.05 294.33 429.57 34.55 20.15 812.65

Karli 24.94 164.95 217.92 44.21 4.55 456.57

Vengurla 10.36 124.14 65.86 50.21 3.99 254.56

Terekhol 21.03 124.11 411.46 57.78 10.36 624.74

Tilari 7.14 92.65 487.63 23.01 31.18 641.61

Mahadayi 0 61.73 0 15.27 0 77

Mumbai Island 300.61 0.00 146.74 16.25 139.8 603.40

Total 1375.04 15922.71 9625.29 5138.73 955.45 33017.22

(Source: MRSAC data for individual basins)




41

1.7.2. Detailed study of Twenty Eight sub basins under West Flowing River Basins

For the sake of detailed study of the WFRB, it is divided in 28 basins and exhaustive basin wise

information was obtained from different. Administrative departments like Agriculture, Rural development,

Energy, Industries and directorates like GSDA, MJP and MIDC during the period 2013 to 2017. As a part of the

Integrated State Water Plan (ISWP), it is now proposed to prepare comprehensive report for the entire West

FlowingRiver Basins, as a single unit maintaining the individuality of each basin. Basinwise area and number of

watersheds in each basin have been displayed in histograms as shown below. It is seen from the histogram

that, in all there are 91 watersheds in these 28 basins.




42

Figure -1.3: Basin area




43

Figure – 1.4: Basin Wise Watersheds




44

1.7.3. Water availability in West Flowing River Basin and status of 28 basins–

Total water available in West Flowing Basins as shown below

Table -1.3: WFRB Basin water availability

Basins Surface Water Availability

(Mm3)

Ground Water Availability

(Mm3)

75%

dependable

50 %

dependable

Average Net Safe

1 2 3 4 5 6

West Flowing River Basin 64218.475 74317.185 74739.408 2263.51 1584.46

Source: Abstracted information from - table 6.11 of this volume

Depending on the basis of water availability per ha of geographical area, any basin can

be classified as shown below in Table 1.4. All basins in WFRB fall under Abundantcategory.

Table 1.4: Category of Sub Basinsw.r.t. Water Availability

Sr.

No

Category

(w.r.t. Water Availability)

Cum/ Ha

No of

Sub

basins

Name of Sub basin Geographical

Area

Sqkm

%

age

1 2 3 4 5 6

2 Highly deficit (<1500) - - - -

2 Deficit (1500 to 3000) - - - - 3 Normal (3000 to 8000) - - - -

4 Surplus (8000 to 12000) - - - - 5 Abundant (>12000) 28 Ambika, Auranga, Narpar,

Damanganga,Streams between

Damandanga and Vaitarna

Valley, Vaitarna, Ulhas,

Patalganga, Amba, Kundalika,

Savitri, Mhasala, Bharja,

Vashishthi, Shastri, Muchkundi,

Kajavi, Kodavali, Waghotan,

Devgad, Gad, Karli, Vengurla,

Achara, Terkhol, Tillari and

Mahadayi, Mumbai Island .

33017.22 100

28 33017.22 100 Source: Information from - Table 6.18 of this volume.




45

1.7.4. Status of Irrigation Projects

Status of irrigation potential created and ultimate potential through State Sector

irrigation projects in West Flowing Basin is given below. In addition there are projects from

CIDCO, MMRDA, MMC & Local sector. Details of which are given in chapter 7.

Table -1.5: Status of Irrigation Projects

Basin

No of Completed

Projects

No. of Projects Under

Construction

Irrigation Potential

(lakh Ha)

Major Medium Minor Major Medium Minor Created Planned

West Flowing Rivers 2 4 159 4 10 41 122197 290035

Source - Data from 28 basins reports.

1.8. West Flowing River Basin – An overview

Geographical area of the WFRB is 33017.22 Sq.km. starting from Ambika sub basin in

Palghar District Tillari basin in Sindhudurg District. Eastern edge of the basin is an almost

unbroken line formed by the Sahyadri range of the Eastern Ghats whereas low hill ranges are

located in the western portion of the basin. All drainage basins compriseof rolling and

undulating topography in upper reaches and flatter topography in the lower reaches. Well

defined river courses separated by low ridge lines between the rivers and fertile gently sloping

lands near rivers are the chief characteristics of this plateau. A high proportion of Lateritic soils

humid climate and limited plane areas are the distinguishing features of WFRB.

1.8.1. Historical Background

Konkan region (WFRB) was known as Parshuram Bhumi before Ramayana period.

Konkan has mythological, historical, social and cultural importance. The region is situated in

between Sahyadri ranges and Arabian Sea costal area. Due to presence of deep estuarial regions

along the coast several ports were in operation on 720 km long western coast of WFRB.

Commerce with nearby Arabia and distant Africa was possible due to the ports like Mumbai,

Chol, Harne, Dabhol, Jaigad etc. In fact Konkan was ruled by African Siddis which was later

conquered by the Maratha King Shivaji. There are several holy places which have histories going

back to Buddha times.

1.8.1.1. Geographic coverage and Demography

Geographic Area includes area of West Flowing River Basins is 33017.22 sqkm, falling

into 7 Main districts. Area in Palghar district is 5344 sqkm (16 %), in Thane district it is 4214

sqkm (13%) Mumbai district is 157 sqkm (0.5 %),Mumbai Sub-urban district is 446 sqkm (1.50%)

and Raigad, Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg district areas are 7176 sqkm(22%) , 8287 sqkm(25%)

4920sqkm(15%) respectively. Land use pattern shows that land under forest is 29 % of TGA.

Cultivable area including fallow lands is 20.11 lakh ha (63.28% of TGA). Population in WFRB is

305.48 lakhs as per census 2011 and future population projections by 2030 are 393.42 lakhs,

with decadal growth of about 21 %. Tribal population of 9.60 lakhs (11%) is noticeable in this

region. WFRB is divided into 91 watersheds for assessment of GW availability/exploitation and

for planning of Water Conservation activities.




46

1.8.2. Geology and Hydrogeology

Deccan Traps (basalt) are the major rock formations. These comprise a series of basaltic

lava flows of individual thickness of 8 to 48 m. About72% of the sub-basin area is covered by

Deccan Traps followed by 6% under Alluvium. Alluvial pockets are observed along the Main

River and coastal areas.

1.8.3. Groundwater (GW) occurrence, movement and use -

Groundwater potential is limited and available mainly in shallow unconfined,

disconnected aquifers which can be tapped by dug wells. GW gets annual replenishment

through precipitation, irrigation return flows, canal seepage, tank irrigation etc. Typical

Recharge contributions are 179.49 Mm3 from rainfall, surface irrigation and current draft is also

from irrigation tanks and conservation structures.

Watershed wise GW availability and its present use have been estimated by GSDA for

the year 2011-12. From this data it is observed that Net GW availability in this region is 2263.51

Mm3.Out of 91watersheds in this region, all are safe. As per GSDA policy ground water is first

allotted for drinking purpose and the rest is planned for irrigation use.

1.8.4. Soils, crops and agro-industries

Soils are covered under threemajor textural classes’ viz. fine (29.54%), medium (4.96%)

and coarse texture (65.50%). A fraction of the soils are very gently sloping (6.15%), followed by

gently sloping soils (23.43%), moderately sloping (30.70%), and steeply slopingsoils (39.71%).

Soils are mainly covered in ‘moderately eroded’ type category, followed by ‘severely eroded’

and slightly eroded. Land use capability classification shows 60% lands are arable lands. About

58.26% of the soils have depth less than 25 cm, 18.53% between 25 to 45 cmand 23.21% soils

are deep soils.

Soils in West Flowing River Basin are derived from basaltic rocks altered due to natural

agencies of rains, winds chemical actions and river transport. Due to this alteration the basaltic

rocks are overlain by lithomorphic soils which are lateritic.

Problem of salinity and alkalinityis not significant in WFRB as surface irrigation is not

intensive in any part of the basins. Draining ability of the basin is also good. By and large, water

logging and salinity is not a serious problem in any canal command area in WFRB.

Soil is one of the most important factors for deciding type of crops grown and cropping

systems. Arable lands those are useful for crop productions are placed under Class I to IVAbout

60% land is arable while 40% is non arable. Most of the soils are best suited for crops like Rice,

Nagali, Ragi, and fruits like Mango, Cashew nut in southern parts and Chikoo, Banana, Pineapple

and Vegetables in northern parts of the basin. Total cropping intensity of the sub basin is

155.16%.

Agro industries - There is no significant production of sugarcane in WFRB, hence there

are no sugar mills. Cashew processing units are abundant in Sindhudurg district whereas tender

coconut and Chikoo processing units are found in Palghar district.




47

1.8.5. Hydrology, Hydrometeorology, Water Availability and Tribunal Award

1.8.5.1. Hydrology, Hydrometeorology and Water Availability

Data of 139 SRG, 26 FCS and 16 ARG and 28 river gauging stations (including 7 tank

gauge data) in the sub-basins was available. Maximum rainfall is received from South-west

monsoon during Mid June to end September and very meager rainfall is received from North-

east monsoon. Average annual rainfall of the sub-basin is 3145 mm (CV: 0.16). Maximum,

minimum and average temperature observed is 40.70C, 14.37

O C and 34

OC respectively.

Maximum, minimum and average humidity observed was 87.26%, 45.88% and 66.57%

respectively. Maximum, minimum and average wind velocities measured were 54.65 kmph, 3.70

kmph and 29.18 kmph respectively. Average sunshine hours recorded 7 hrs. Annual average pan

evaporation was 1437 mm

Maximum rainfall in this region is 8600 mm, minimum is 2519 mm and average is 3145

mm. Average surface water availability is 74739.408 Mm3.and 50 % and 75% dependable water

availability is 74317.185 Mm3 and 64218.475 Mm3 respectively.

1.8.5.2. Provisions of Tribunal Award

As mentioned in para 1.5 above, WFRB does not have any Tribunal other than MWDT

set up for dispute resolution of any kind. However KWDT has certain implications regarding

surface water availability in the basin.

1.8.6. Watershed Development and Management

Water conservation works when carried out on streams and on land at the watershed

level are helpful for augmentation of natural GW recharge and thus in achieving more equitable

distribution of water resources in the basin. In every basin under WFRB some land development

works are undertaken but there are natural limits onthe recharge of ground water due to steep

slopes and nature of rocks and soil strata. Till now 27.57 percentage of cultivable area has been

treated for water shed development.

1.8.7. Water Resources Development

1.8.7.1. Historical development of irrigation

In historic times, a few tanks like Dhamapur in Sindhudurg district were constructed for

drinking water supply to nearby towns. In Upper Vaitarna Dam was built up for water supplies to

Mumbai city. Other lakes like Tansa, Pawai, Vihar and Tulsi were also constructed for Mumbai

water supply. Bhivpuri hydel project diverted waters of Andhra Lake in Krishna basin to WFRB.

On this perinneal stream canals for irrigation were constructed. Similarly in Raigad district

waters diverted for Mulashi dam were used for irrigation to a small extent.

1.8.7.2. Irrigation development after independence

After independence, emphasis was given on construction of major dams and medium

dams. Later on many minor dams were constructed to irrigate lands in non monsoon months.

There is limited surface irrigation facility (1.82 lakh ha) created with the help of 2 major, 5

medium and 133 minor projects. There is limited scope for construction of major irrigation

projects due to topographical features of WFRB.




48

1.8.7.3. Inter basin water transfer

Due to westward diversions effected by Andhra, Mulshi, Koyna and Tata Lakes on the

eastern side of western ghat and from Gujrat State in Damanganga basin, 3219 Mm3 water is

diverted in WFRB. In upper reaches 79 schemes were investigated for diversion of water of west

flowing rivers from North Konkan, Ambika, Aurnga, Nar-Par and Damanganga sub-basins to

Upper Godavari basin by gravity and by lifts. However 186 Mm3 from Damanganga to Godavari

and 595 Mm3 from Ambika, Aurnga, and Narpar shall be diverted to Godavrai and Tapi basins

from WFRB as per report submitted to Government by Chief Engineer’s committee formulated

for this purpose. But now as per revised planning it is proposed to divert 285 Mm3 from

Damanganga to Godavari and 392 Mm3 of water from Ambika, Auranga, and Narpar to

Godavari and Tapi basin. The transfer of water for drinking purposes of Mumbai, Thane, Mira-

Bhayndar corporations are also considered as intra basin transfer. Tillari interstate project also

transfers 464 Mm3 to Goa state.

1.8.7.4. Inter basin and Intra-basin water transfer

There are 10 schemes for intra basin transfer in WFRB. The details of schemes are

mentioned in chapter no. 8, Table no. 8.3 of this volume. One scheme constructed by MIDC to

transfers 10 Mm3 of water to Shastri sub basin from Kajvi sub basin. Also the approved master

plan of Mahadayi basin seeks to transfer 80 Mm3 water to highlands in Tillari sub basin.

1.8.8. Energy sources in the WFRB

1.8.8.1. Hydropower development

There are 12 no. of large hydel schemes in the basin which generate 1326

MW.Ghatgharhydel scheme is a pumped storage scheme generating 250 MW at peak hours. In

addition to this there are 55dam foot powerhouses constructed by GOM. As per the current

policy small hydel schemes are constructed on BOT basis. Currently 21 no. of schemes are in

operation and 17 no. of schemes are under construction.

1.8.8.2. Thermal Power

Dabhol Power Corporation set up in 2000 sought to generate gas based power station at

Anjanwel in Ratnagiri District. This project was taken over by Ratnagiri Gas Power Project Ltd. in

2014.It now operates at the lower capacity of 500 MW as against installed capacity 1967 MW.

Another thermal power plant is constructed at Jaigad by Jindal Steel Works for generating 1200

MW. Nuclear reactors are also planned in the basin.

1.8.8.3. Other sources of energy

Some wind based plants are being constructed in the valley at following places.

1 Dahanu (Palghar District): 0.09 MW

2 Deogad (Sindhudurg District): 11.100 MW

3 Vijaydurg (Sindhudurg District): 1.50 MW

A major Nuclear reactor is being erected at Jaitapur in Ratnagiri District to generate 9900 MW

Thus WFRB is a basin with diverse features characterized by huge water resources

further compounded by imports, with natural limitations on major irrigation projects,

concentrated urbanization and industry in and around basin and less utilization of water for

irrigation which is expected to increase in the future beyond 2030 as well.




49

2. Geology and Hydro-Geology of Konkan West Flowing

River Basin

2.1. Geology

The Konkan West Flowing River Basin consists of Pre-Trappean, Deccan Trap and Post-

Trapean geological formations. It covers about 72% of the Deccan Trap. Other geological

formations like laterite occurs mostly in southern part of the WFRB. The Alluvial soil is not

significantly observed in Ambika, Auranga, Nar-par, Damanganga Gad, karli, Aachra, Terekhol,

Tillari sub basins. The older geological formations like Pre-cambrian,Vindhyan and Gondwana

are observed at places but in small predominance. However this basin is distinguished in

Maharashtra for the presence of Lateritic rocks and soils.The succession of geological formation

is given in Table 1.

Table 2.1: Succession of Geological Formation

Sr.

No.

Geological

Age.

Geological

Formation.

Area

Covered

(Km2)

% of Area. Lithology.

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 Recent Alluvium 1325 4.87 Silt and Clay Mixed

with Meagre Quantity

of Sand and pebbles caimozoic Laterite 3549 13.04

2 Lower Eocene

to

Deccan-

Trap.

19678 72.32 Brownish to gray Dark-

Grey, Fine to Medium

Grained, Massive, and

Sparsely to Highly

Porphyritic Basalt.

Upper

Cretaceous

3 Gondwana Kamthi

Barakar &

Talchir

509 1.87 Sands stone, lime

stone and shale

4 Vindhyan

protorozoic

Sandstone,

shale & lime

stone

0 0.00 Weathered, jointed

and fractured rock.

5 Pre-cambrian

and

metamorphic

Granite,

gneiss &

schist

2150 7.90 Pink, gray color

weathered granite

gneiss and schist

Source: Sub basins reports of Konkan West Flowing River basin.

2.1.1. Alluvium

Alluvium deposits are encountered on both banks of the Konkan West Flowing River and

its tributaries mainly in the parts of rivers directly discharging in sea. It also occurs in

Patalganga,Ulhas,Vaitarna,Amba and other basins in varying proportionals and they cover an

area of 1352 sqkm which is 4.87% West Flowing River Basin. This alluvium is mixed with gravels

in eastern part while it is mixed with sand near the coastal area.




50

2.1.2. Deccan Trap

72.31% of WFRB consists of the Deccan Volcanic Provinces. It also comprises hard-rock

formation of volcanic basalt. The multi-layered basaltic lava-flows are piled one above the other

with horizontal deposition. The lava-flows are generally differentiated on the basis of ‘Units’ like

Massive (i.e.non-vesicular) and Vesicular-Units. The vesicular and non-vesicular flow units may

alternate with each other. In the area covering parts of Konkan West Flowing River basin, the

lava flows are mostly horizontal showing varying gradients.

Deccan basalt of Upper Cretaceous to Paleogene age occurs at many places except for a

few patches of alluvium occurring in the river valleys. The Deccan Trap is capped by lateritic rock

at mountain tops in few places.

The Deccan basalt flows in the district are classified as ‘Pahoehoe’ and ‘AA’ and are

normally Aphyric to feldspar phyric. At places, some of the feldspar flows are quite extensive

and serve as reliable regional markers for grouping the flows into various formations. Three

different megacryst horizons viz. (M1, M2, and M3) have been identified and on the basis of

these marker horizons the lava pile has been divided into six formations. The lower most Salher

Formation comprises of 11 aphyric flows which is followed by Lower Ratangarh Formation

comprising 7 fine grained feldspar phyric flows. Upper Ratangarh formation comprising 6

Aphyric to feldspar phyric ‘AA’ flows appear next in the sequence. The uppermost Karla

Formation comprises of 3 compound pahoehoe flows of aphyric nature.

The area to the west of Thane arcuate fault exposes a sequence of various volcanic and

plutonic rocks which are different from the rocks exposed east of the fault. A sequence of fine

grained ‘AA’ flows occupies about 60 % of the area. The flows are aphyric in nature. These flows

at places are interlayered with tuffs and agglomerates and volcanic clastics occurring at different

stratigraphic levels.

Laterite of the Cenozoic age occurs as small isolated cappings on the top of Tungar hill,

Mahuli peak and east of Bena Malang

Massive Basalt Unit (Non vesicular units)

The massive basalt in the area are hard and compact and are devoid of primary porosity

and permeability. Generally, the massive are not very productive but sometimes give rise to

good aquifers when fractured and jointed. In massive basalts, the groundwater occurs in soil

cum weathered mantle, joints, cracks and other weaker zones. The upper portion of the traps

shows persistant spheroidal weathering and exfoliation that helps in retaining more water in

comparison to compact massive trap. The occurrence of groundwater in massive compact basalt

totally depends on the presences of fractures and joints, their nature and distribution and also

on their vertical and lateral extension.

Vesicular Basalt Unit

The individual vesicular units in the different lava flows ranges in thickness from 2-

10mts and possess primary porosity. The nature and density of these vesicles, their distribution,




51

interconnections between them, and depth of weathering and topography of the area are the

factors that govern the occurrence and movement of groundwater in the vesicular basalt. The

zeolitic units in the vesicular basalt are highly susceptible to weathering. The porosity is more

when the vesicles are not filled up with secondary minerals stop the permeability in vesicular

basalt depends on the interconnectivity of the vesicles. The vesicular basalt in the study area

give rise to moderate to good productive zones .Weathered vesicular basalts are the main

water bearing formation in the area .The weathered vesicular basalt and fractured vesicular

basalt in the study area give rise to highly productive zones.

Red Bole

The red-bole bed acts as a marker-horizon and generally occurs overlying vesicular unit

and underlying massive unit. Individual flows are generally separated by thin beds of red bole

brick. At some places the red bole is discontinued or at some places it is absent. They are fine

grained, ferruginous and clayey in nature. It indicates presence of vesicular or zeolitic trap unit

underneath.The red-bole encrusted vesicular-unit is most common.

Laterite

Lateritic capping over the basaltic flows has been observed rarely at plateau type areas

in Ambika, Auranga Nar par Damanganga and streams between Damanganga and vaitarna

while they are predominant in southern basins like Vashisti, Shastri, Muchukundi, Waghotan etc.

They covere about 13% of the area of the basin. However, exact thickness and lateral extent of

lateritic profile cannot be ascertained. These are formed as weathered product of basalt under

tropical climate and as a tranaported soil deposites at mild slopes in the valley.

2.1.3. Gondwana system

The Gondwan system covers about 1.87% area of the basin. The coal bearing Gondwana

sediments were deposited in the basin formed by rifting of the Gondwana protocontinent.The

sediment rocks belonging to the Gondwana system can be divided into two groups viz. the

upper Gondwana and lower Gondwana. The lower Gondwana includes Talchir series barakars

and kamthi series. The barakars series consists of thick succession of alternate layers of sand

stones and shale with interbedded coal seams. The youngest group of rock belonging to lower

Gondwana sequence is known as mangli beds. It consists of conglomerates, grits and sand

stones.

2.1.4. Proterozoic

This series is not found in WFRB.

2.1.5. Pre-cambrian

They are mostly confined to the north-east part of the basin and it covers 17.63% of the

area. Most of the rocks are older than 3.5 billion years and invariably metamorphosed. Major

litho types is that of rocks belonging to the Peninsular Basement Complex. These are mostly

gneisses with enclaves of schists and amphibolites. Gneisses occur in Terekhol basin and in

sarmbla river subbasin.They contain traces of mica.




52

2.1.6. Lineaments

The lineament represents weaker zone in the earth’s crust. It may be in the form of

faults, dyke and joints or fracture and hence it normally carries groundwater. Lineaments occur

as straight, curvilinear, parallel or an echelon features. These are related to fracture systems,

discontinuity planes, faults and shear zones in rocks. Dykes and veins also appear as lineaments.

At places, these lineaments are found to control the courses of rivers and streams. Lineaments

are most important for groundwater investigations in hard rock terrain. Wells located on or

close to fracture traces, yield many times more water than wells away from them. These are

more consistent in their yield when located on lineaments. However such Lineaments are rare

in WFRB.

In addition to above types some metamorphic rocks occur in WFRB. Bedded

Sandstone/Quartzite (Sedimentary quartzite) mainly occurs in Devgad, Gad and Achara Sub

Basin.It is not found in Ambika, Terekhol and Tillari sub-basin. It covers nearly 0.76 % area.

Compact Shale (SR) mainly occurs in Terekhol and Vengurla Sub Basin.It is not found in Ambika,

Auranga, Nar par, Damanganga, Streams between Damanganga and Vaitarna, Patalganga sub-

basins. It covers nearly 1.1% area. Phyllite / Schist / Slate consists of Meta-basalt/hornblende

schist/amphibolite/chlorite phyllite schist, Meta greywacke/quartz mica schist, Quartz chlorite

amphibolite schist/ferruginous phyllite mainly occurs in Gad, Karli, Terekhol and Tillari Sub

Basin. It covers nearly 5.42 % area. Quartzite with Shale/Phyllite bands founds in karli, Vengurla,

Terekhol and Tillari sub-basins.

Peninsular gneiss (Massive Granite & Plutonic Rocks) found in only Gad and karli sub-

basin.Also Meta-Basic/ Meta-Volcanic found in Vengurla, Tillari and Basic intrusives Dykes/Sills

found in Vaitarna sub-basin

Dyke

The basaltic pile of the area is profusely intruded by rocks of Borivili Formation which

included doleritic and basaltic dykes, tuffs and agglomerates. The frequency of dykes is much

more in the northwestern part where the N-S trending dyke is very conspicuous. Dykes trending

in NW-SE, NE-SW and E-W are also observed. Frequency of dykes becomes relatively less in the

south eastern part. At places triangular or rectilinear dyke patterns are noticed.

Other Structures

Joints and Fractures: Columnar Joints and fractures are observed in the massive-basalt

at number of locations. The pattern of these structures is horizontal, vertical, inclined or

irregular. When joints and fractures are interconnected to each other, secondary-porosity is

developed and movement of groundwater is facilitated. Hence, occurrence of joints and

fractures is a favourable sign for groundwater potential. Columnar-jointing in basalt is also

observed at a number of places.




53

Table 2.2: Stratigraphical Succession of Geological formations

Sr. Age (Group) Geology /Lithology Startigraphic status TGA Percent

No. Formation Km2 %

1 2 3 4 5 6

1

Recent

(Quaternary)

Alluvium Gravel, Sand, Silt 1325 4.87

Cainozoic Laterite (IR) Ferricrete 3549 13.04

2

Lower Eocene

to Upper

Cretaceous

Deccan trap

(Sahyadri Group)

Basalt 19678 72.32

0.00

3

Lower Triassic

to cretaceous

Upper Gondwana Coarse grained buff brown

in colour

0 0.00

Chikaiala Formation Ferruginous sandstone,

Conglomerate, pebbly

sandstone, clay & ironstone

Kota formation Sandstone, grit,

clay,limesto

4

Permian

(Lower

Gondwana)

Kaladgi Bedded

Sandstone/Quartzite

208 0.76

Compact Shale (SR) 301 1.11

Coal (SR)

Barakar series Sandstone (SR)

Shale (SR)

Coal (SR)

5

Upper

Carboniferous

Talchir series (SR) Sandstone and Shale. 0 0.00

Proterozoic Vindhyan Super

Group

Limestone (SR)

Shale (SR)

Sandstones (SR)

Pakhal Super Group Albaka sandstone

Limestone, dolomite and

dolomitic limestone (Mulug

formation)

Pattipalli quartzite (Mulug

formation)

Dharwar(Quartz

chlorite amphibolite

schist/ferruginous

phyllite)

Basic Volcanics 1476

Ortoquartzite

Basic tuff/andesite,

epideorite

Conglomerate /sandstone

Phyllite / Schist / Slate 5.43

Massive Granite &

Plutonic

Rocks(Peninsular

Granite/Pegmatite/aplite 138 0.51




54


No. Formation Km2 %

1 2 3 4 5 6

gneiss)

Bichua Formation

(Sausar Group)

Dolomitic marble

Junewani Formation

(Sausar Group)

Muscovite biotite schitst,

quartze biotite and

granulate

Chorbaoli

Formation (Sausar

Group)

Quartzite and quartz

muscovite schist

Quartzite/quartz

sericite schist

Quartzite with

Shale/Phyllite bands

212 0.78

Mansar formation

(Sausar Group)

Muscovite-biotite schist,

phyllite

Lohangi Formation

(Sausar Group)

Calc-gneiss and pink marble

Sakoli Group Cherty quartzite

Meta-thyolite /tuff

Mica-schist

Phyllite, tuffaceous phyllite

and carbonaceous phyllite

Meta-basalt

Banded iron Formation

(BIF)

Hritty quartzite, meta-

arkose and conglomerate

(Meta-gabbro) Meta-Basic/ Meta-Volcanic 20 0.07

Abujmar

(Narainpur)

Basic intrusives Dykes/Sills 6 0.02

Schist and Gneiss

mixed

Dharwar 25 0.09

Basic intrusive (dolerite) 0

Granite -Dongarharg

Granite

Abujmar

(Narainpur) Group

Metabasalt,vesicular meta-

andesite/intrusive (Maspur

Formation)

Sandstone, shale and

conglomerate (Gundal

Formation)

Nandgaon Group Arkose, grit,sandstone and

shale

Conglomerate, rhyolitic

conglomerate




55


No. Formation Km2 %

1 2 3 4 5 6

Quartzite

Meta rhyolite (Bijli

Rhyolite)

Bailadila Group Banded haematite

quartzite

Cherty silicified dolomite

Chikhali formation

(Sahyadri Group)

Compound pahoehoe

6 Archaean-

Palaeo

Proterozoic

(Precambrian)

Peninsular

Basement Complex

(Archaeans) (MR)

Peninsular granite, granite

greisses, intrusive pink and

grey granites, dole rite and

quartz veins.

Amgaon Gneissic

Complex

Amphibolite, hornblende

schist

Quartzite gritty quartzite

Calc silicate rock

Granite gnessess

Tirodi Gneissic

Complex

Granite gnessess

Granulite

7 Archaean Bengpal Group Basic intrusives.

metagabbro

257 0.94

Banded magnetite

quartzite

Quartzite,cherty quartzite

& sericite quartzite

Meta pelites

Diopside quartzite, calc

gneiss

Peninsular

gneiss(Granite and

Gneissic Complex)

Granite gneissess

Eastern Ghat Super

Group

Charnockitic gneiss and

pyroxene granulite

Khondalite

Belgaum district

(Karnataka)

15 0.06

Total 27211.19 100.00

Note: There was anomaly in watershed area validated by GSDA. This anomaly was confirmed as provided

by MRSAC (draft report). However, the old area is considered in this report. It is expected this anomaly will

be removed at the earliest.




56

2.2. Hydrogeology

2.2.1. Water bearing properties

In basaltic lava flows groundwater occurs under both water table and confined

conditions. The occurrence and movement of groundwater in basaltic terrain are controlled by

Vertical horizontal porosity and permeability owing to fractures and interconnected vesicular

interstices, which permit storage and movement of groundwater. Occurrence impervious layers

and presence of dykes and sills, which retard movement of groundwater Presence of pervious

and permeable interbeds between lava flows.

Alternating sequence of permeable and compact horizons in volcanic rocks gives rise to

multi-aquifer system. The near surface weathered and jointed zone of the massive basaltic unit

and the vesicular unit together constitute the main watertable aquifer, which is being

extensively developed by dugwell. There is a hydraulic continuity between the contigious

massive and vesicular basaltic units, horizontal and other joints along with weathered mantle

being responsible for this continuity.

Massive basalt as geological formation is non-porous as long it is hard and compact. It

holds secondary porosity on weathering when fractured and jointed. Amygdaloidal basalts are

less porous than vesicular, however on weathering, these become more porous but less

permeable. This is not suitable as aquifers. Productive horizons are only if they are weathered

and highly jointed/ fractured. Weathered, jointed and fractured massive basalt act as a water

bearing horizon at shallow depth. Vesicular basalt are Potential aquifers in the area are when

vesicles are open and interconnected and occur at shallow depth. Amygdaloidal basalts are

poorly permeable to practically non-permeable allowing only seepage from them depending

upon degree of filling of amygdule. They form poor aquifers. Weathered and decomposed basalt

have secondary porosity and permeability due to weathering and form good aquifers. Red bole

and Green bole is acting as marker horizon and is impermeable.

The river alluvium is highly stable and has high water holding capacity. Alluvium forms

good aquifer with high degree of porosity and permeability. Alluvium has lesser vertical and

more horizontal permeability due to deposition of material in horizontal layers.

2.2.2. Groundwater occurrence and movement

The occurrence and movement of groundwater is governed by topography, slope,

lithology, geological structures, fractured system, weathered zone and its thickness, drainage

pattern, land forms, land use/ cover and climatic parameters. Groundwater system is actually a

three dimensional flow field. Water that infiltrates at land surface moves vertically downwards

to the water table to become groundwater. It then moves vertically and laterally within the

groundwater system. Groundwater moves downhill in the path of least resistance due to

gravity. Like surface water, groundwater flow is also downhill and perpendicular to the water

table contour. In Deccan Trap basalts, aquifer system is localised and heterogeneous.

Groundwater movement depends on rock, sediment properties and the groundwater flow

potential. Porosity, permeability, specific yield, and specific retention are important properties

of groundwater flow. Hydraulic head is the driving force that moves groundwater from the areas

of higher hydraulic head to an area of lower hydraulic head. General trend of groundwater

movement is towards the main drainage indicating effluent nature.




57

Wells located on or close to lineaments yield more water than wells away from them

and have more consistent yields. Lineaments together with other features like landforms and

drainage have to be considered for delineating groundwater potential areas and citing of wells

e.g. intersection of lineaments and valley fills. At places, these lineaments are found to control

the courses of rivers and streams. The lineaments cutting across drainage are potential water

carrier dykes to be tapped by dug wells for irrigation.

WFRB lies in Deccan Trap groundwater province comprising hard-rock formations.

Massive Trap does not possess any granular primary-porosity due to its hard, compact nature

and is generally unproductive. However, the secondary-porosity is developed due to

weathering, jointing and fracturing. Groundwater occurs in secondary-porosity in massive-basalt

flows. The joints and fractures provide channels for the groundwater movement and space for

storages. In the vesicular-flow unit, when vesicles are open and inter-connected, accumulation

and movement of groundwater gets facilitated. The vesicular-basalt is highly susceptible to

weathering and forms a good water-bearing formation. In sedimentary rocks sand stone, lime

stone, shale, in metamorphic rocks gneiss and schist and granitic rocks groundwater occurs in

weathered jointed and structure rocks. Due to more weathering and sets of jointing

groundwater occurs in shallow depth.

In Deccan traps the groundwater movement is always towards the perennial rivers,

streams and nalas, thereby accounting for their effluent nature. Such streams during the post

monsoon and particularly during pre-monsoon have water in them due to spring discharges

,leakages and trickles from the shallow on confined aquifer .In an area ,receiving uniform

precipitation and infiltration ,over an undulating surface the groundwater system that develops

,driven by water table surface is subdued replica of the groundwater surface .The result in

groundwater flow is controlled by the nature of watertable, the distribution of hydraulic

conductivity in the rocks and climate.

The movement of the groundwater is always along the hydraulic gradient unless it is

stopped for want of any hydraulic connectivity, thus area in the lower reaches of topography

lows would be more potential then the upper reaches. The occurrence of dykes, which traverse

against the direction of groundwater movement ,is also of significance .If the dykes have poor

permeability they acts as effective barriers resulting in shallow water tables or with occurrence of

springs on one side and deeper water table on other .

Precipitation forms the principle sources of recharge in the deccan lava flows and the

alluvial cover. The seepage from surface water bodies also augments recharge of groundwater on

these formations.

The non-recharge worthy area also termed as hilly area having slopes more than 20% do

not contribute to recharge.

2.2.3. Groundwater Worthy and Non-Worthy Area

Hydro-geologically, the basin has been evaluated using both remote-sensing techniques

and ground-truths. The multi-disciplinary and high-technique investigation has given vital

technical information on spatial-distribution of different hydro-geo-morphologic units and

fracture-lineament which control the occurrence and movement of groundwater. The basin has

been broadly divided into groundwater worthy and groundwater non-worthy area.




58

Groundwater Worthy-Area

Flows occurring below 600 m and 500 m RL in the basin, fall under groundwater worthy

area which are occupied by plain and gently sloping terrain. As per remote-sensing data, it is Un-

dissected Plateau (UDP) and Valley Fills (VF), hence it contributes to groundwater potential. This

area is suitable for groundwater development with appropriate groundwater structures.

Groundwater Non-Worthy-Area

Flows occurring above 600 to 1100 m RL are occupied by hill- ranges. They are

unclassified flows. Hence, these flows do not contribute to groundwater potential, as it is a run-

off zone.

Groundwater Potential Zones

It is interesting to note that unlike other consolidated rocks, the Deccan-Trap basalt

flows behave as a multi-layer aquifer system, somewhat similar to the sedimentary rock

sequence.

Weathered vesicular-flows, weathered massive-flows, and contact between two flows

under favourable hydrogeological conditions have resulted into good groundwater potential

zones in the basin.

The groundwater storage is promising in lower areas of valleys and more so in the areas

where tributary stream intersect. The groundwater storage is poor in the areas located in hill-

slopes or along with stream-divides. The streams generally flow along weak planes such as

lineaments, faults, joints and fissures and such locations are good for groundwater storage and

its movement.

Lineaments, faults and shear-zones are promising locations for occurrence of

groundwater. The pattern and intensity of fracture determine whether the groundwater occurs

under unconfined conditions or under confined conditions. When fractures are vertical;

unconfined condition is likely to exist, but if the fractures are inclined with little inter-

connections between them, then confined condition is likely to prevail in individual inclined

joints. The groundwater worthy area is further sub-divided into three groundwater potential

zones based upon hydro-geological conditions of the area and yield from the wells. These zones

are i) Moderate to good potential zone ii) Poor to Moderate Potential Zone and iii) Poor

Potential Zone. However such statistics is not available for WFRB.

2.2.4. Aquifer Geometry and Aquifer Systems

As stated earlier, Konkan West Flowing River basin is a part of Deccan-Trap groundwater

province in basaltic lava-flows where the aquifers are mostly inconsistent with complex

hydrogeological system. Groundwater occurs under unconfined, semi-confined and confined

aquifer conditions. In local shallow alluvium, groundwater occurs under unconfined condition.

i) Unconfined Aquifer

This category extends upto a depth of 15 m to 25 m mostly in dug well and varies in

thickness from 2 m to 10 m. It occupies plain areas and shows signs of weathering, jointing and




59

fracturing of basalt flows and other rock types. The groundwater potential in this gradually

sloping terrain mostly gets concentrated towards its valley.

ii) Semi-Confined Aquifer

This category comprises of deeper dug-wells and dug-cum-bore-wells and shallow bore-

wells. These aquifers are found to have connectivity with water-table aquifer and occur

between the depths varying from 25 m to 50 m. The piezometric-head in the wells / tapping

these aquifers is generally much above the water-level in the nearby wells which tap the

unconfined aquifers.

iii) Confined Aquifer

This aquifer is tapped at depths below 50 to 80 m and more mostly through shallow and

deep bore wells. The recharge to this aquifer is through major shear-zones, fracture zones,

intersecting several flows or in a few cases through exposed-portion of the formation in the

recharge area.

iv) Multi layered aquifer system

Exploratory bore wells are drilled by Central Groundwater Board and drinking water

bore wells are drilled by Groundwater Survey and Development Agency, Maharashtra in Deccan

Trap area. In deep bore wells deeper aquifer is encountered a depth of 60 to 100 meters. On

the basis of lithologs of bore wells it is observed that the flow units consists of vesicular and

non-vesicular. The vesicular unit is a pervious and act as an aquifer where as the non-vesicular

unit (hard compac massive trap) is impervious act as non aquifer. The alternate layers of

pervious and impervious at deeper level, the bore well when drilled under this geological

condition, water may encountered in pervious zone (aquifer).

2.2.5. Aquifer Parameters

The water bearing properties govern the aquifer parameters to a large extent.

Since the rock units in the study area have different water bearing properties,the aquifer

parameters like hydraulic conductivity ,transmissivity, storativity and sp.capacity also show a

large variation .The regional geology and local geology governs the disposition of aquifers with

respect to the aquitards,aquicludes,aquifuges and other physical boundaries like intursives. In

addition to the geologic boundries the behavoiur of the aquifers is also controlled by hydrologic

boundries liker recharge or positive boundries viz,stream,canals,lakes,reservoirs and discharge or

negative boundries like gaining streams ,rivers or drains.

The groundwater in the area in basaltic flow occurs under unconfined ,semiconfined

and confinerd conditions.The sp.yield of the massive basalt is poor and thus significant

fluyctuation in water levels are observed in the area.This also results in shallow water level

conditions from august to nov.the sp.capacity of dugwell tapping the massive basalt ranges

2.03mts to 55lpm/m of drawdown whereas in moderately jointed massive bqasalt it ranges from

32.54 to 97.61lpm/m of drawdown. The sp.capacity of weathered basalt ranges from 110 to

130.16lpm/m of drawdowm. IN vesicular basalt the sp.capacity ranges from 15 39.04 lpm/m of

drawdown.




60

2.2.6. Groundwater recharge and discharge

Out of the total geographic area of 31954 sq.km. of the Konkan West Flowing River

basin, all area is considered worthy. The major contribution to the groundwater recharge takes

place from direct precipitation. Percolation from surface water bodies, influent seepage from

streams, return flow from surface water and groundwater irrigation are the indirect agents of

groundwater recharge. The soil conservation and water spreading techniques will have the

necessary impact on the groundwater recharge. The recharge to groundwater body is affected by

a) heavy concentration of rainfall in short period of time, b) Thin soil cover and poor permeability

of the formation and c) Steep topographic gradient and vegetation cover.

Discharge of groundwater takes place through extraction of water from irrigation,

domestic and other wells, effluent seepage from the major rivers, natural spring and

evapotranspiration. The streams are effluent near their origin and further away down side they

become influent.

Fig: 2.1: Groundwater Recharge Components

While the micro-irrigation is being advocated strongly for increasing the productivity

and irrigation potential, this recharge component will get reduced. Further the state has decided

to stop construction of canals to restrict indiscriminate use of water for cash crops like

sugarcane and banana, and to increase the State’s irrigation potential. The State’s canal network

in Konkan West Flowing River basin is now likely to be converted into a pipeline to aid irrigation,

save water, and encourage farmers to adopt drip irrigation. This will further reduce the

groundwater recharge component from canal seepage. Therefore the thrust will have to be




61

given to complete watershed development. Watershed development program is completed in

of the area of the basin. It needs to be given priority to compensate total recharge from canal,

surface and groundwater irrigation which is due to for conversion into micro irrigation and pipe

distribution system.

2.2.7. Yield of dug wells and bore wells

The yield is the function of permeability and thickness of aquifer. Dug wells are used

both for domestic and irrigation purposes and rarely for industrial use. Yield of the groundwater

structures varies depending upon the geological formations, their location with respect to

geomorphology, diameter, depth etc. In basaltic area, generally the vesicular part of the flow, if

saturated gives better yield. Thus the yield depends upon the acquifer geometry of vesicular

basalt encountered in the well. Occasionally fractured zones are also encountered which gives

relatively better yield. The dug wells located in the topographic lows and morphological

depression, yield comparatively more water.

The unconfined aquifer is being developed by large diameter dug wells (1.5 to 15 m in

dia and 4 to 30 m deep), dug-cum bore wells (up to 60 m deep) with high capacity centrifugal

pumps (5-10HP). The inventory of bore wells shows the depth of casing provided was from 3 to

22m below ground level for depth of bore wells ranging between 25 to 90m below ground level.

In case of WFRB data required for tables 2.2.1 and 2.2.2 as per Godawari basin plan is not

available and hence the tables do not appear in this report.

2.3. Conclusions and Recommendations

1. For undertaking groundwater development programs, it is recommended to demarcate

watershed zones i.e. run off, recharge, and storage zones in elementary watersheds.

2. Water literacy campaign among Stakeholders is to be undertaken on large scale.

3. Water Conservation Structures to be constructed at feasible sites to increase in groundwater

potential.

4. It is recommended to identify the structurally weaker and good weathered zone pockets

including demarcation of vesicular weathered unit.

5. It is recommended to undertake large no of artificial recharge projects depending upon the

feasibility. Attempts may be made to create artificial network of joints and fractures

wherever necessary and where the post monsoon water levels are below 3m below ground

level.

Create awareness about various provisions of Maharashtra Groundwater Act-2009

amongst . . all the Stakeholders

References

Introduction to Geology of India: M.S. Krishnan, 1958.

Dr. K.L. Rao 1979 Indias water wealth and its assessment uses and projections.

K.S. Namjoshi, Dr. S.M. Masoom, 12 & 13 June 1984, Conference on development of

groundwater resources in Maharashtra, Bombay - Structural control on groundwater with

special references to dyke.

Geology of India Wadia 1986.

Dist Resource Maps, GSI, Database-1994.




62

Ayyangar R.S. 1998 RS & GIS for identification of sustainable resources.

Raju K.C.B., 1998, Important of recharge depleted aquifer state of artificial recharge

Maharashtra water and irrigation commision report (MWIC) 1999.

Muley R.B., 2000, Influence of geology in development of watersheds in Deccan Trap area.

Ph.D. Thesis

Dr. Karmarkar B.M., et.al. 2000, Dependence of success of recharge measures on geological

conditions. Seminar valume of proceeding of regional groundwater management.

Master plan for artificial recharge to groundwater in Maharashtra, CGWB 2000.

Gupte R.B. et.al. 2000, Groundwater in DeccanTrap rock annual convention of AHI

Vishakhapattanam

Sarbhukan M.M.Year 2001, Water Resources Planning for Sustainable Development in

Maharashtra.

Aquifer Performance Test data from GSDA Pune, 1979 and CGWB Nagpur, Year 2007.

District-wise Ground Water Information, CGWB (CR), Year 2007.

Report on Dynamic Groundwater Resources of Maharashtra, GSDA, Pune (M S) 2007-08 &

2011-12

Geological Survey of India District Resource Maps.

Radha Krishnan B.P. 2009 - Water Wisdom will keep Even Dawn on us.




63

Geology Map




64




65

3. Soils

The soil is an important factor in overall agriculture sector of the basin. The ability of

land to produce crops is limited and these limits of production are set by climate and soil

conditions. The soil conditions mainly include its use and management practices applied to land.

Soil is most vital and precious natural resource in crop production. Its careful assessment and

judicious management largely determines quality and agricultural productivity of water

resources.

The basic information on soils, their extent, classification, problems and potentials is

derived by referring detailed soil survey reports of watersheds in WFRB basin. The soil series,

depth, taxonomy, texture, erosion, drainage, capability classification, irritability etc of soils in

WFRB basin is described in this chapter.

3.1. Soil Color Based Soil Series

The soil series occurred in WFRB is of varied types. It includes black soil series to gray

pinkish soil series, as per the chemical inherent content of parent material of soil. The

geographical area of all the basins under WFRB is 33.02 Lakh ha. However for hydrological

calculations it is considered 31.51 lakh ha. Out of 33.02 lakh ha area of the basin 0.12 lakh ha

(0.35%) comprises of black soil series followed by 9.93 lakh ha (29.55%) yellowish to reddish soil

series, 3.55 lakh ha (10.56%) lateritic soils, 1.16 lakh ha (3.45%) area of alluvial soil series and

18.84 lakh ha area (56.09%) comprises of gray or pinkish soil series. This shows that about 56 %

area of WFRB basin is of gray or pinkish type of soils.

The area under different soil color series seen in the basin is presented below.

Table 3-1: Soil Series

Sr.No Name of Soil Series Area of total basin

( Lakh Ha )

%

1 Black Soils 0.12 0.35

2 Alluvial Soils 1.16 3.45

3 Lateritic Soils 3.55 10.56

4 Yellowish brown to reddish soils 9.93 29.55

5 Gray , pinkish soils 18.84 56.09

Total 33.59

*Considered total geographical area of the All WFRB Basin.

The basin (28 sub-basins) wise area under different soil series is presented in Annexure No.

3.12.1




66

3.2. Soil Depth

The following table reveals that about 41.74% soils of WFRB are of moderately deep to

very deep category. It is an indication of presence of fertile and productive soils in the basin. The

data shows that out of total 33.02 lakh area of the basin 2.79 lakh ha (9.40%) area has very deep

soils whereas 4.11 lakh ha (13.81%) and 5.51 lakh ha (18.53%) area have deep and moderately

deep soils respectively. The proportion of shallow soils in the basin is 14.65 lakh ha (49.28%)

which further can be divided into three categories. Total 14.65 lakh ha (49.28%) area is of

shallow soils followed by 1.61 lakh ha (5.41%) very shallow category and 1.06 lakh (3.57%) falls

under extremely shallow soil category. The deep and moderate soils have better water holding

capacity than the shallow soils.

Table 3-2: Soil Depth Class

Sr.No Soil depth class Area of total basin ( Lakh HA) %

1 Very deep 2.79 9.40

2 Deep 4.11 13.81

3 Moderately deep 5.51 18.53

4 Shallow 14.65 49.28

5 Very shallow 1.61 5.41

6 Ext.shallow 1.06 3.57

Total 27.05

Figure 3-1: Percentage area under different Soil depth classes

The Basin wise (28 sub-basins) area under different soil depth is presented in

Annexure No. 3.12.2




67

3.3. Soil Texture Classification

All three types of (fine, medium and coarse textured) soils are seen in WFRB basin. The

percentage of fine textured soils in the basin is sizable and is 29.54% (8.50 lakh ha). It is followed

by medium textured soils with 4.96% (1.46 lakh ha) area. 65.50% (18.84 lakh ha) area has coarse

textured soils. The medium and coarse textured soils are well drained and good for cultivation.

However the fine textured soils seems to be more productive due to better nutrient levels. The

water holding capacity of fine and medium texture soils is better than coarse (shallow) soils.

The area covered under different soil texture in the basin is presented below.

Table 3-3: Soil textural class

Sr.No Soil Textural class Area of total basin

( Lakh HA) %

1 Fine Textured 8.50 29.54

2 Medium Textured 1.46 4.96

3 Coarse Textured 18.84 65.50

Total 28.81

*Considered total geographical area of the all Basin.

Figure 3-2: Soil textural classification

The Basin wise (28 sub-basins) area under different soil texture is presented in Annexure No.

3.12.3




68

3.4. Soil Erosion Status

The data shows that maximum 12.34 lakh ha area (39.38%) of the basin is under Slight

to Moderate category of soil erosion, followed by 11.29 lakh ha (36.01%) under Moderate to

Severe erosion category, 4.73 lakh ha (15.10%) under Severe to Very Severe category. Only 1.42

lakh ha (4.53%) area is under none to Slight erosion category. All this indicates that almost all

the area (90.49%) has threat of soil erosion and it needs strong efforts for soil conservation

interventions. This will help to arrest the top fertile layer of the soils. Typology of ongoing

Central and State Sponsored Government schemes meant for soil and water conservation can

be availed for prohibiting the soil erosion.

Table 3-4: Soil Erosion status

Sr No. Soil-Erosion Class

Area of total

basin

( Lakh Ha )

%

1 None to Slight 1.42 4.53

2 Slight to moderate 12.34 39.38

3 Moderate to Severe 11.29 36.01

4 Severe to very severe 4.73 15.10

5 Area under Water 0.55 1.77

6 Habitation Mask 1.01 3.22

Total 31.35

*Considered total geographical area of the All Basin.

Figure 3-3: Soil erosion status

The basin wise (28 sub-basins) area under different soil erosion category is presented in

Annexure No. 3.12.4




69

3.5. Soil Drainage Condition

Out of total 33.02 lakh ha area of the basin maximum i.e. 17.59 lakh ha (61.66%) area is

well drained whereas 6.2 lakh ha (21.70%) is moderately well drained. Only 4.8 lakh ha (16.65%)

area comes under excessively drained category. It means that from drainage point of view the

soils in WFRB basin are positive. It won’t have any issues of water logging or problematic soils, if

it is used appropriately for agriculture purpose.

Table 3-5: Soil drainage condition

Sr.No Drainage Class.

Area of total basin

( Lakh Ha )

%

1 Moderately well drained. 6.2 21.70

2 Well drained. 17.59 61.66

3 Excessively drained. 4.8 16.65

Total 28.53


Figure 3-4: Drainage condition of all sub basin

The basin wise (28 sub-basins) area under different drainage condition category is

presented in Annexure No. 3.12.5




70

3.6. Land Capability Classification

The suitability of land for irrigation depends on physical and socio-economic factors in

addition to standard soil irrigability class.

8 irrigability classes are defined by standards. The definitions for these 8

irrigability classes are as below –

Class I : Lands that have few limitations.

Class II : Lands that have moderate limitations.

Class III : Lands that have severe limitations.

Class IV : Lands that are marginal for sustained use under irrigation.

Class V : Lands that are temporarily classed as not suitable for

sustained use under irrigation.

Class VI : Lands not suitable for sustained use under irrigation.

Class VII : Steep Slope not suitable for irrigation

Class VIII : Very steep slope not suitable for irrigation

In WFRB basin total 8.43 lakh ha (26.53%) area comes in land capability class of I to III. It

means this sizable area is suitable for growing any type of agronomic or commercial crops.

About 6.51 lakh ha (20.51%) area is under capability class IV indicating that it is fine for orchard

crops. So this means, there is much scope for bringing this area under more productive crops.

The area under class VI to VIII seems to be substantial with 12.69 lakh ha (39.96%). This area can

support enhanced greenery or vegetative cover of the basin, especially tree cover by growing

Plantations of Mango and Pineapple and also Timber and fuel wood.

The capability class I and II land are of better soil depth and hence good for cultivation

of any type of crops like paddy. These lands have good irrigability and can produce better yield

on providing protective irrigation/s to the crops.

The land capability class wise area and its percentage in WFRB basin is presented in

following table.

Table 3-6: Land Capability Class

Sr. No Land Capability Class/Sub-Class

Area of total basin

( Lakh Ha )

%

1 I 0.04 0.11

2 II 4.13 13.01

3 III 4.26 13.41

4 IV 6.51 20.51

5 V 0.65 2.06

6 VI 4.26 13.41

7 VII 7.30 22.99

8 VIII 1.13 3.56

9 Other Land 3.48 10.94

Total 31.77




71


Figure 3-5: Land capability classification

Figure 3-6: Arable and Non-arable land distribution

The basin wise (All 28 sub-basins) area under different Land Capability Classes is

presented in Annexure No. 3.12.6

3.7. Irrigability Classes:

The interpretation of soil & land conditions for irrigation is concerned primarily with

predicting the behavior of soil under greatly altered water regime brought about by introduction

of irrigation.

For irrigation projects special interpretations & classification of the soils for sustained

use under irrigation are often required.




72

The soil survey of the command area is designed to ensure that all the interpretations

are gathered during the course of soil survey. The soils are first grouped into soil irrigability

classes according to their limitations for sustained use under irrigation. Special attention is given

to the factors namely the drainability of the land and the predicted effect of the irrigation water

as to soil salinity and alkalinity status of the soils under equilibrium condition with the irrigation

water.

Soil irrigability classes are defined in terms of the degree of soil limitations for

development and their requirement for irrigation as follows.

Class A : None to slight soil limitations for sustained use under irrigation

Class B : Moderate soil limitations for sustained use under irrigation

Class C : Severe soil limitations for sustained use under irrigation

Class D : Very severe soil limitations for sustained use under irrigation

Class E : Not suited for irrigation (or non-irrigable soil classes)

Most of the soils occur A, B class of soil irrgability.

Physiographic ally, the district exhibits a highly rugged and mountaineous topography

manifested by the north-south trending Sahyadri mountain ranges with steep scarp on the

western side and a gently undulating terrain known as Konkan plain bordering the Arabian Sea.

3.8. Land Slope

Land Slope data in the following table shows that more than 60% lands have steep to

moderate slopes and 23.43% land is gently sloping. Only 6% land can be termed as level lands.

Inspite of this, the traditional agricultural practices have brought 70% of the basin land under

agricultural practices by resorting to terracing and proper bunding. The slopes on hilly terrains

are brought under orchads of Mango and cashew.

The detail of slope category of the basin area is presented in following table.

Table 3-7: Slope Classes

Sr No. Nature of Slope % Slope Area of total basin

( Lakh Ha )

%

1 Nearly Level to very

Gently sloping

0-3% 1.88 6.16

2 Gently Sloping 3-5% 7.16 23.43

3 Moderately Sloping 5-15% 9.38 30.70

4 Moderately steeply

sloping to very steeply

sloping

>15% 12.13 39.72

Total 30.55





73

Figure 3-7: % Area under different slope categories

The basin wise (28 sub-basins) area under different slope category is presented in Annexure No.

3.12.7

3.9. Soil Type and Suitability for Crops:

Considering the properties of soils in WFRB as described in Paras 3.1 to 3.9 and

overview of agricultural practices employed in all 4 districts of WFRB, it is concluded that the

traditional crops along with some new introductions like pineapple and rubber plantations will

be appropriate for making the agricultural activities profitable and sustainable in this basin

The crops suitable for general basin that represent the regions are presented below.

Table 3-8: Soil Type and Suitable Crops

Sub-

basin/Region

Soil Type Crops Suitable

1 2 3

Coastal

region in

WFRB

Very deep. Suitable for all crops- long and short duration-

Kharif and Rabi. Paddy, Vegitable crops, Ground

nut, Banana.

WFR Basin

Moderately deep Sugercane, Paddy, Ground nut, Banana.

Moderate to steep slope. Suitable for Paddy, Ragi and Rubber.

Non arable shallow. Horti-pasture.

Non arable very shallow Horti-forestry (Cashew, Mango and Pineapple).




74

3.10. SWOT Analysis:

3.10.1. Strengths

About 60 % land of the basin is arable and is suitable for growing diversified crops

including Paddy, Ground nut, vegetables, spices, medicinal plants etc.

Soils are also suitable for fruit crops like mango, Cashew, Chiku, Banana, Pineapple and

vegetables etc.

Most of the soils are well drained and the proportion of water logging area in the basin

is meager.

3.10.2. Weaknesses:

Shallow Soils are predominant in the basin and irrigation water requirements are high.

3.10.3. Opportunities:

Soil & climatic conditions in the area, provide a wide opportunity for adopting the

proposed cropping-pattern to achieve the potential productivity.

The soil characteristics and climatic conditions in the Basin offer considerable scope for

enhancing productivity of existing crops by adopting improved agricultural technology, and

further by providing assured irrigation supplies.

Good opportunity to increase horticultural crop such as fruits, vegetables and flowers in

the basin.

3.11. Recommendations:

Suitable distribution systams for the typical terrain of konkan should be designed

systems based on usual practices in other basins have failed in many projects in WFRB




75

3.12.Annexures

Annexure 3.1

Table 3-9: Basin (28 Sub-Basins) Wise Area under Soil Color Based Soil Series Category

Sr.

No

Sub Basin/Soil

Series

Black soils Alluvial

soils

Lateritic

soils

Yellowish

brown to

reddish

soils

Gray, pinkish

soil

Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 Ambika 92.70 0.00 0.00 4,184.02 6342.16 10,618.88

2 Auranga 677.15 0.00 0.00 8,682.48 7806.67 17,166.30

3 Nar par 2,830.44 0.00 0.00 30,484.60 55757.56 89,072.59

4 Daman ganga 5,572.40 0.00 0.00 29,588.33 100656.28 135,817.00

5 Vaitarna 0.00 14,838.37 81.91 56,110.48 264598.22 335,628.98

6 Streams

between D and V

0.00 37,543.85 0.00 101,070.07 48000.15 186,614.06

7 Ulhas 0.00 3,365.80 7.00 99,258.23 188688.06 291,319.09

8 Patalganga 0.00 22,441.43 760.01 51,211.65 88567.33 162,980.42

9 Amba 0.00 14,788.90 1,341.50 36,710.89 52008.02 104,849.31

10 Kundlika 0.00 12,828.43 2,134.54 39,055.54 62811.69 116,830.21

11 Mhasala 0.00 4,063.03 12,446.62 33,043.00 56148.14 105,700.79

12 Savitri 0.00 0.00 13,773.50 123,575.10 93888.98 231,237.58

13 Bharja 0.00 0.00 8,496.16 16,394.24 10386.09 35,276.49

14 Vashisti 0.08 128.60 48,790.09 96,377.86 160425.26 305,721.89

15 Shastri 0.00 3,336.86 101,256.00 64,581.88 191577.01 360,751.75

16 Muchkundi 0.00 1,405.05 34,310.08 28,336.30 51756.17 115,807.60

17 Kajvi 0.00 590.89 13,461.60 22,355.01 28774.34 65,181.84

18 Kodavali 0.00 0.00 24,054.42 22,677.92 42350.34 89,082.68

19 Waghotan 105.71 431.84 24,722.22 30,303.02 60348.47 115,911.26

20 Devgad 0.00 0.00 35,141.66 18,767.20 49886.51 103,795.37

21 Achara 0.00 0.00 7,283.81 4,910.29 19131.42 31,325.52

22 Gad 2,452.44 0.00 18,603.46 21,031.00 67237.00 109,323.90

23 Karli 0.00 0.00 4,263.67 19,462.32 55387.96 79,113.95

24 Vengurla 0.00 0.00 3,007.82 7,749.36 33424.00 44,181.18

25 Terekhol 0.00 0.00 412.11 12,352.35 45917.58 58,682.04

26 Tilari 0.00 0.00 522.36 14,432.66 42527.33 57,482.35

27 Mahadayi N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

28 Mumbai Island N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Total 11,730.91 115,763.05 354,870.55 992,705.80 1,884,402.74 3,359,473.04




76

Annexure 3.2

Table 3-10: Basin Wise (28 Sub-Basins) Area under Different Soil Depth Category

Sr.

No.

Soil Depth

Class.

Very

Deep

Deep Moderately

Deep

Shallow Very

Shallow

Ext.

Shallow

Other

Use

Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Ambika 0.00 4,184 5,674 668 0.00 0.00 110.29 10,636

2 Auranga 0.00 8,682 6,547 1,259 0.00 0.00 275.57 16,765

3 Nar par 0.00 18,353 43,829 11,930 0.00 0.00 2785.94 76,898

4 Daman

ganga

43,857 4,602 6,852 50,277 0.00 0.00 7171.78 112,760

5 Vaitarna 65,590 3,595 32,226 241,403 1,555 0.00 26574.93 370,944

6 Streams

between D

and V

43,856 4,602 6,852 50,277 0.00 0.00 7172.31 112,760

7 Ulhas 0.00 63,690 167,716 115,811 0.00 86089.39 0.00 433,307

8 Patalganga 9,978 0.00 15,675 93,737 20,390 0.00 26969.42 166,748

9 Amba 3,973 0.00 14,667 56,424 13,655 0.00 4256.50 92,975

10 Kundlika 11,177 0.00 11,287 68,474 10,929 0.00 4049.67 105,917

11 Mhasala 6,125 13,786 908 48,740 14,246 0.00 9612.00 93,417

12 Savitri 11,008 8,959 20,709 144,165 32,582 0.00 8945.38 226,368

13 Bharja 422 4,786 0.00 18,957 2,615 0.00 1164.92 27,945

14 Vashisti 7,912 43,536 30,201 158,200 11,192 0.00 16059.60 267,101

15 Shastri 6,913 44,025 35,945 167,557 1,754 0.00 13544.62 269,737

16 Muchkundi 4,796 13,674 25,042 35,894 686 0.00 6688.26 86,781

17 Kajvi 1,480 17,115 11,795 20,741 1 0.00 3760.34 54,894

18 Kodavali 3,449 14,591 21,070 23,466 2,454 0.00 4555.32 69,585

19 Waghotan 9,418 19,359 26,232 29,631 3,376 0.00 8946.14 96,962

20 Devgad 9,280 9,541 19,811 18,219 11,802 0.00 4488.53 73,142

21 Achara 3,154 1,909 5,391 6,638 6,950 0.00 1414.73 25,456

22 Gad 0 37,835 14,125 22,287 0.00 14021.00 16365.00 104,633

23 Karli 12,829 27,924 9,871 20,450 3,777 0.00 6415.18 81,265

24 Vengurla 0.00 19,127 5,785 0.00 10,982 6123.54 4856.02 46,874

25 Terekhol 8,960 18,862 4,444 22,895 3,109 0.00 3615.03 61,885

26 Tilari 15,200 7,932 8,430 37,205 8,717 0.00 3488.93 80,972

27 Mahadayi N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

28 Mumbai

Island

N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Total 279,376 410,668 551,085 1,465,306 160,772 106,234 193,286 3,166,728




77

Annexure 3.3

Table 3-11: Basin (28 Sub-Basins) Wise Area under Different Soil Texture

Sr. No Sub Basin/Soil Textural

Class

Fine Texture Medium

Texture

Coarse

Texture

Total

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 Ambika 2,598.73 1,585.29 6,342.16 10,526.18

2 Auranga 6,186.01 2,496.47 7,806.67 16,489.15

3 Nar par 17,957.48 12,527.12 55,757.56 86,242.15

4 Daman ganga 10,954.45 18,633.88 100,656.28 130,244.60

5 Streams between D and V 55,475.45 1,259.80 264,598.22 321,333.48

6 Vaitarna 101,016.19 107.75 48,000.15 149,124.09

7 Ulhas 89,501.39 9,756.84 188,688.06 287,946.29

8 Patalganga 51,211.65 0.00 88,567.33 139,778.98

9 Amba 36,710.89 0.00 52,008.02 88,718.91

10 Kundlika 38,754.70 601.68 62,811.69 102,168.07

11 Mhasala 32,768.00 550.00 56,148.14 89,466.14

12 Savitri 123,493.10 123.00 93,888.98 217,505.08

13 Bharja 16,230.14 328.20 10,386.09 26,944.43

14 Vashisti 89,161.85 7,216.09 160,425.26 256,803.20

15 Shastri 55,322.30 9,947.37 191,577.01 256,846.68

16 Muchkundi 20,367.59 8,100.65 51,756.17 80,224.41

17 Kajvi 22,017.47 337.54 28,774.34 51,129.35

18 Kodavali 15,320.48 7,472.48 42,350.34 65,143.30

19 Waghotan 22,104.96 8,442.16 60,348.47 90,895.59

20 Devgad 11,912.67 7,349.33 49,886.51 69,148.51

21 Achara 2,819.93 2,213.60 19,131.42 24,164.95

22 Gad 2,930.00 18,101.00 67,237.00 88,268.00

23 Karli 9,195.79 10,469.58 55,387.96 75,053.33

24 Vengurla 2,976.36 4,773.00 33,424.00 41,173.36

25 Terekhol 3,575.56 8,776.79 45,917.58 58,269.93

26 Tilari 9,348.19 5,084.47 42,527.33 56,959.99

27 Mahadayi N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

28 Mumbai Island N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Total 849,911.33 146,254.08 1,884,402.74 2,880,568.15




78

Annexure 3.4

Table 3-12: Basin (28 Sub-Basins) Wise Area under Different Soil Erosion Category

Sr.

No

.

Soil-

Erosion

Class

None to

Slight

Slight to

Moderate

Moderate to

Severe

Severe to

very

severe

Area

under

Water

Habitation

Mask

Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 Ambika - 4,184.01 5,673.74 8,272.47 - 110.29 18,240.51

2 Auranga - 6,186.01 0.00 7,806.67 - 275.59 14,268.27

3 Nar par - 30,882.77 0.00 55,803.36 2,085.29 700.65 89,472.07

4 Daman

ganga

- 54,470.51 26,248.37 61,656.11 3,477.88 4,710.63 150,563.50

5 vaitarna 3,951.45 134,213.48 121,466.41 42,110.50 19,682.00 8,989.50 330,413.34

6 Streams

between D

and V

7,044.36 67,019.60 23,073.30 8,450.71 2,964.64 3,355.03 111,907.64

7 Ulhas 12,221.71 196,622.21 102,606.33 86,357.87 18,943.50 14,696.30 431,447.92

8 Patalganga 21,090.50 61,919.37 46,907.27 9,861.85 - 15,290.04 155,069.03

9 Amba 13,259.38 30,310.67 28,179.69 16,969.18 - 2,128.25 90,847.17

10 Kundlika 11,402.65 41,780.72 7,709.81 27,842.67 - 2,107.63 90,843.48

11 Mhasala 6,167.00 50,022.00 12,963.00 14,652.00 - 1,362.00 85,166.00

12 Savitri 11,268.62 89,673.84 23,868.73 92,611.87 - 2,372.18 219,795.25

13 Bharja 296.51 26,800.14 2,499.00 419.18 - 423.46 30,438.29

14 Vashisti 2,487.08 140,823.71 101,275.75 6,454.61 - 6,741.37 257,782.52

15 Shastri 1,507.51 87,875.71 162,341.93 4,467.71 - 6,764.27 262,957.13

16 Muchkundi 3,028.16 28,361.91 47,500.91 1,201.51 - 3,983.87 84,076.36

17 Kajvi 4,396.95 20,753.58 63,548.13 1,975.80 - 4,473.07 95,147.53

18 Kodavali 6,868.31 20,816.44 35,901.76 1,442.67 - 2,675.31 67,704.49

19 Waghotan 4,090.81 20,440.89 50,836.65 4,302.38 - - 79,670.73

20 Devgad 7,491.41 21,680.28 36,282.00 1,285.48 - 3,437.42 70,176.59

21 Achara 2,107.99 9,795.89 12,137.47 0.36 - 707.37 24,749.08

22 Gad 10,526.00 31,233.00 44,521.00 1,988.00 8,182.50 8,182.50 104,633.00

23 Karli 3,332.57 15,571.12 49,405.06 6,541.52 - 3,160.80 78,011.07

24 Vengurla 3,760.00 13,312.00 22,105.00 1,063.00 - 2,428.01 42,668.01

25 Terekhol 2,388.20 9,938.34 38,167.25 7,776.15 - 1,928.50 60,198.44

26 Tilari 3,226.67 19,672.61 63,548.13 1,975.80 - - 88,423.21

27 Mahadayi N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

28 Mumbai

Island

N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Total 141,913.85 1,234,360.82 1,128,766.69 473,289.43 55,335.81 101,004.01 3,134,670.60




79

Annexure 3.5

Table 3-13: Basin wise (all 28 sub-basins) area under different drainage condition category

Sr. No. Drainage Class. Area.( ha)

1 2 3

1 Moderately well drained. 618,958

2 Well drained. 1,759,022

3 Excessively drained. 475,015

Total. 2,852,997




80

Annexure 3.6

Table 3.14: The basin Wise (all 28 sub-basins) Area under different Land Capability Classes

Sr.

No

Land

Capability

Class/Sub-

Class

I II III IV Total Arable

Land.

V VI VII VIII Total Non

Arable.

Grand Total. Other Land

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

1 Ambika 265.91 1489.10 1,489.10 1063.64 4,307.75 638.18 2552.75 2233.65 904.14 6328.72 10636.47 0.00

2 Auranga 0.00 8005.33 677.15 0.00 8,682.48 0.00 1259.11 0.00 6547.55 7806.66 16489.14 275.57

3 Nar par 0.00 15522.27 2,830.44 901.10 19,253.81 0.00 11029.38 0.00 43828.55 54857.93 74111.74 2785.94

4 Daman

ganga

0.00 43203.22 9,935.15 16462.61 69,600.98 0.00 17973.03 18013.34 0.00 35986.37 105587.35 7172.31

5 Vaitarna 0.00 64691.48 32,652.81 88577.26 185,921.55 0.00 60023.50 104149.01 3835.64 168008.15 353929.70 26574.92

6 Streams

btwn D & V

0.00 43203.22 9,935.15 16462.61 69,600.98 0.00 17973.03 18013.34 0.00 35986.37 105587.35 7172.31

7 Ulhas 1748.82 69998.51 109,660.21 69289.79 250,697.33 19151.49 52132.63 29607.08 2251.43 103142.63 353839.96 0.00

8 Patalganga 0.00 133.88 7.45 6641.40 6,782.73 0.00 21734.79 48613.07 0.00 70347.86 77130.59 26969.42

9 Amba 1095.75 27088.04 29,182.79 45046.71 102,413.29 13435.89 6902.47 3129.08 1213.49 24680.93 127094.22 4256.50

10 Kundlika 0.00 2096.30 0.00 19438.00 21,534.30 0.00 11555.18 43169.05 0.00 54724.23 76258.53 4049.67

11 Mhasala 0.00 33.00 13,786.00 0.00 13,819.00 0.00 23141.00 27056.00 0.00 50197.00 64016.00 9612.00

12 Savitri 0.00 9249.41 10,054.71 38555.86 57,859.98 25918.60 2252.39 94826.16 0.00 122997.15 180857.13 140887.88

13 Bharja 422.04 20214.75 711.44 73991.59 95,339.82 6181.38 40.36 374.69 0.00 6596.43 101936.25 0.00

14 Vashisti 0.00 19223.99 33,784.25 23110.84 76,119.08 0.00 76913.84 81015.34 1547.79 159476.97 235596.05 16059.60

15 Shashtri 0.00 25611.48 32,979.16 11623.00 70,213.64 0.00 50833.61 71032.19 1744.82 123610.62 193824.26 13544.62

16 Muchkundi 0.00 14164.27 8,964.30 14197.57 37,326.14 0.00 23097.43 10131.78 624.19 33853.40 71179.54 33853.05

17 Kajvi 0.00 7342.00 11,021.00 18860.22 37,223.22 0.00 14072.00 6872.00 0.00 20944.00 58167.22 3964.00

18 Kodavali 0.00 11332.58 13,097.24 6518.93 30,948.75 0.00 2131.27 21817.02 2453.50 26401.79 57350.54 4555.32

19 Waghotan 0.00 6367.44 15,696.49 13131.00 35,194.93 0.00 2596.02 30572.15 3176.12 36344.29 71539.22 8946.14

20 Devgad 0.00 6681.10 13,156.56 22297.67 42,135.33 0.00 1307.83 16030.93 10788.27 28127.03 70262.36 4397.15

21 Achara 0.00 1891.39 2,769.31 7529.56 12,190.26 0.00 345.12 5567.29 6949.67 12862.08 25052.34 1414.73

22 Gad 0.00 6697.00 26,640.00 3958.94 37,295.94 0.00 8214.00 19671.00 13916.00 41801.00 79096.94 16365.00

23 Karli 0.00 3031.59 16,327.83 23120.06 42,479.48 0.00 8788.82 20627.06 3777.31 33193.19 75672.67 6348.42

24 Vengurla 0.00 3645.00 11,931.64 65325.54 80,902.18 0.00 2027.73 9721.42 6126.15 17875.30 98777.48 4856.02

25 Terekhol 0.00 2222.70 8,983.61 638.18 11,844.49 0.00 6874.55 22109.32 3108.94 32092.81 43937.30 3612.03

26 Tilari 0.00 238.95 9,601.27 0.00 9,840.22 0.00 269.74 25978.55 275.76 26524.05 36364.27 0.00

27 Mahadayi N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 28 Mumbai

Island N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Total 1,429,527.65 1,334,766.96




81

Annexure 3.7 Table 3-15: Nature of Land slopes

Sr. No. Sub Basin/ Nature of Slope Nearly level to

very gently

sloping

Gently sloping Moderately

sloping

Moderately steeply

sloping to very steeply

sloping

Total Water body

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

% Slope 0 to 3% 3 to 5% 5 to 15% >15%

1 Ambika 0.00 799.44 3050.29 6,489.69 10,339.42 39.17

2 Auranga 0.00 1,815.48 6991.26 7,560.82 16,367.55 130.28

3 Nar par 51.77 6,850.43 29633.45 37,332.22 73,867.86 2063.48

4 Daman ganga 534.42 19,803.87 49244.33 75,814.71 145,397.33 3436.89

5 Vaitarna 25,161.23 120,378.53 104241.51 119,196.69 368,977.96 19659.01

6 Streams between D and V 33,664.94 78,019.69 13207.30 15,151.73 140,043.66 2964.18

7 Ulhas 31,433.90 147,632.51 115534.39 105,408.20 400,009.00 17422.99

8 Patalganga 19,780.48 42,136.35 29656.32 50,245.50 141,818.65 11420.60

9 Amba 15,053.44 21,080.21 26221.09 45,181.43 107,536.17 4008.11

10 Kundlika 11,271.90 26,976.14 24649.14 38,720.79 101,617.97 3044.34

11 Mhasala 3,621.45 12,076.79 32348.40 35,402.75 83,449.39 8134.46

12 Savitri 7,307.92 36,195.12 49600.97 124,314.80 217,418.80 90530.09

13 Bharja 32.87 2,499.19 8949.98 15,304.40 26,786.44 725.14

14 Vashisti 1,531.67 23,246.73 82857.43 143,689.11 251,324.94 8870.19

15 Shashtri 1,737.85 38,890.36 90073.51 124,652.65 255,354.36 6655.41

16 Muchkundi 1,167.37 14,243.09 32267.61 32,443.77 80,121.84 2728.97

17 Kajvi 702.29 5,084.14 18750.22 25,738.66 50,275.31 1639.17

18 Kodavali 1,311.66 12,176.15 23210.45 28,505.85 65,204.11 1871.81

19 Waghotan 3,589.71 15,640.51 37120.30 37,439.81 93,790.33 2939.22

20 Devgad 7,118.55 18,153.24 30101.31 13,792.87 69,165.96 2147.14

21 Achara 1,880.96 5,668.98 10500.47 6,002.54 24,052.94 447.44

22 Gad 5,958.90 20,666.08 38479.01 31,903.49 97,007.48 2782.89

23 Karli 6,750.16 19,371.65 22864.52 25,783.95 74,770.28 3228.33

24 Vengurla 6,057.20 12,083.99 12672.87 10,752.50 41,566.56 1147.63

25 Terekhol 1,378.69 7,798.73 24488.46 24,377.10 58,042.98 0.00

26 Tilari 964.03 6,461.57 21038.16 32,120.89 60,584.65 2697.49

27 Mahadayi N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 28 Mumbai Island N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Total 188,063.35 715,748.96 937752.73 1,213,326.92 3,054,891.95 200734.44




82

Jayakwadi dam, Taluka Paithan, District Aurangabad, Maharashtra




83

4. Land use pattern

4.1. Land Use Pattern

The table given below shows that total geographical area of WFRB is 31.85 lakh ha, of which

12.23 lakh ha (38%) area is under cultivation whereas 2.89 lakh ha (9%) is fallow land. Area under

pasture and trees is 1.04 lakh ha (3%). The basin contains forest area to the extent of 7.52 lakh ha (24%)

as against expected 33% land under forest or tree cover1. the region has 3.21 lakh ha (10%) uncultivable

waste area and barren land. The uncultivable waste land may be steep sloping. The region contains 2.27

lakh ha (7%) under non-agriculture use i.e. urban and rural habitation and water bodies. The net sown

area in this region is 6.28 lakh ha. (20%).

Table 4-1: Land Use Pattern

S.N. Type of Land Use Area (Lakh ha.) %

1 2 3 4

1 Agricultural area 12.23 38.38

2 Fallow area 2.89 9.08

3 Land under Pasture 0.65 2.03

4 Miscellaneous land under Trees etc. 0.39 1.21

5 Area under Forest 7.52 23.61

6 Un cultivable waste area and Barren Land 2.69 8.44

7 Cultarable waste land 3.21 10.09

8 Barren land 0.0 0.0

9 Land under Non-Agricultural purpose 2.27 7.14

Total Geographical Area 31.85

The total Geographical Area estimated works out to be 31.85 lac ha. For hydrological

calculations the geographical area is measured by constructing new maps for drainage basins and this

area works out to be 31.507 lakh ha.

The MRSAC areas for water shed numbering 91 when added works out to be 33.017 lakh ha

whereas land use patterns added for different basins gives Geographical area to be 31.85 lakh ha.

The region wise land use pattern is enclosed in Annexure 4.1

4.2. Sub-basin wise Area

The WFRB is divided into total 28 sub-basins of which Ullhas has highest area of 4.86 lakh ha

(15.27%) and Mahadayi sub basin is smallest ones with less than 1.0 lakh ha area.The sub-basin wise

area in different districts of the state is enclosed in Annexure – Soils in Maharashtra

The WFRB comprises of total 91 elementary watersheds.




84

4.3. Demographic Profile

The demographic details of WFRB (region wise) are shown in Annexure to chapter No -Ch. No 23

in WFRB booklet. The Region is divided into 6 districts of the state. It shows that there are 8465 villages.

The WFRB contains total 9 Municipal Corporation and 26 Municipal Councils and 35 habitations with

more than 10000 populations. The current total population of the WFRB is 3, 05, 47,922.

4.4. Cultivable and Non-Cultivable Area

As indicated in the table given below the region comprises of 12.23 lakh ha cultivable area and

has 6.28 lakh ha net sown area. It has 9.74 lakh ha gross cropped area. This indicates that there is much

scope for enhancing gross cropped area of the region if maximum area could be brought under

agriculture in different seasons. However it will need additional irrigation facilities. The WFRB has total

7.38 lakh ha forest area and 2.67 lakh ha uncultivable waste land. The forest and un-cultivable land of

the region is a significant asset and needs to be developed into productive asset by applying waste land

development measures. Some part of this area can be used for development of industrial or urban

habitations. There seems to be total 2.89 lakh ha area as cultivable fallow which can be converted into

cropping so as to increase gross cropped area of the basin.

Table-4.2: Details of Land:

Sr. No Particulars Area (Lakh ha)

1 2 3

1 Cultivable area 12.23

2 Net sown area (of cultivable area) 6.28

3 Gross cropped area 9.74

4 Forest land 7.38

5 Uncultivable waste land 2.67

6 Cultivable fallow 2.89

The basin wise Geographical area, Cultivable & Net sown area (Present) is shown in Annexure4.3

4.5. Rain gauge and River gauge

There are 26 metrological stations as in the WFRB. Automatic rain gauges 16 nos and SRG 139

nos are established in this region. There are only 6 evaporimeters and 34 G & D Silt Measurement

Stations. The total numbers of observation wells are 594.

4.6. Diversion of Agricultural Land

The data shows that diversion of Agricultural land to Non-Agricultural (N.A.) use such as

industrial, urban habitation etc. This is a most sensitive issue of concern and need to be taken up very

seriously. Especially areas around towns, cities or industrial zones are on the verge of diversion. Certain

policies need to be made for protection of these lands.




85

Table 4.3 : Diversion of Agricultural Land

Sr. No. Sub basin Diversion of agricultural Land

to N.A. in Lakhs Ha.( 2014)

1 2 3

Current

1 WFR Basin 0.005

4.7. Galper Land

In WFRB, the process of identifying and leasing galper lands is not yet formalized. This process

must be initiated by O and M wing of KIDC at the earliest.

4.8. Surplus Land

The surplus land available in the basin with WRD is 937.184 ha. This surplus land is surplus for

the present but it is earmarked for specific uses in near future. At present only 12.30 ha is not required

by WRD. Hence issue of surplus land is not of significant proportions in WFRB.

Table 4-4: Surplus Land in WFRB

Sr.

No.

Sub Basin Surplus Land

(Ha.)

Sr. No. Sub Basin Surplus Land

(Ha.)

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 Ambika Nil 16 Muchkundi Nil

2 Auranga Nil 17 Kajvi Nil

3 Nar par Nil 18 Kodavali Nil

4 Daman ganga Nil 19 Waghotan Nil

5 Vaitarna 625.99 20 Devgad Nil

6 Streams btwn D &

V

Nil 21 Achara Nil

7 Ulhas 7.945 22 Gad Nil

8 Patalganga 20.819 23 Karli Nil

9 Amba Nil 24 Vengurla Nil

10 Kundlika Nil 25 Terekhol Nil

11 Mhasala Nil 26 Tilari Nil

12 Savitri 271.28 27 Mahadayi Nil

13 Bharja Nil 28 Mumbai

Island

Nil

14 Vashisti 8.22

15 Shashtri 3.73

Total 937.184




86

4.9. Existing Cropping Pattern

The region grows wide crop range that includes paddy (rice), Mango, cashewnut, coconut, gram,

nagali, fruits, cereals, pulses, Sugarcane etc. Maximum area i.e. 2.99 lakh ha is under paddy (rice). Nagali

and Cashewnut are grown on 0.25 and 0.63 lakh ha area respectively. Coconut area in the region is 0.09

lakh ha and area under fruit crops is 0.12 lakh ha. The area under other crops including pulses is 0.76

lakh ha. The area under paddy crop is more in this region. The basin wise existing cropping pattern is

enclosed in Annexure – Soils in Maharashtra. This is the average picture of past 10 years or so.

This shows that maximum area is seen under paddy crops which are mainly seasonal crops. This

is good for enhancing cropping intensity of the basin. Also, there is scope for increasing area under

horticultural crops (fruit crops) in the region. The sub-basin wise existing crop area is enclosed in

Annexure No. 4.5.

Table-4.5: Existing Cropping Pattern

Crop Total area (Lakh ha) % Area

1 2 3

Paddy 2.99 51.37

Mango 0.76 13.06

Fruits 0.12 2.06

Nagali 0.25 4.30

Ragi 0.22 3.78

Cashewnut 0.63 10.82

Coconut 0.09 1.55

Other 0.76 13.06

Total 5.82 100

4.10. Proposed Cropping Pattern

The cropping pattern suggested by Balasaheb Sawant Kokan Krushi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli is as

given in annexure 4.8 according this cropping pattern the irrigation intensity is 180% and the crop water

requirement is approximately 21.512 Mm3 per thousand ha. Apart from above cropping pattern it is

suggested to grow pineapple on cultivable mountain slopes. This crop is already introduced in Tillari

Project command area. Tillari command farmers originally from Kerala are planting rubber trees on

commercial basis. The above cropping pattern is inducive for optimum utilization of abundant surface

water. The proposed crop pattern of WRFB is enclosed in Annexure No. 4.6.

4.11. Source of Irrigation

The table presented below shows that total geographical area of the region is 31.85 lakh ha of

which 12.23 lakh ha is under cultivation. The net sown area of the basin is 6.28 lakh ha and gross

cropped area is 9.74 lakh ha. The cropping intensity is calculated be 155.16% when compared to net

sown area. Total irrigated area of the basin is 1.00 lakh ha of which 0.75 lakh ha is on canal, 0.02 lakh ha




87

on lift, 0.05 lakh ha on micro-irrigation, 0.18 lakh on well. Thus, total rainfed area of the basin is 5.28

lakh ha and irrigation intensity is found to be 8.20%. There is scope for enhancing area under micro-

irrigation system to increase irrigation potential of the basin. The sub-basin wise source of irrigation is

enclosed in Annexure No. 4.7.

Table-4.6: Source of Irrigation

(Area in Lakh Ha. Intensity in Percentage)

4.12. Irrigation Sourcewise Crop Area:

The data given in table below shows that maximum irrigated area i.e. 0.75 lakh ha is on canal

followed by 0.18 lakh ha on well and 0.02 lakh ha on lift. Out of total irrigated area only 0.05 lakh ha

area is seen under micro-irrigation systems. This means there is much scope for promoting farmers for

adoption of micro-irrigation systems so as to increase irrigated potential of the basin. The region wise

source of irrigation is enclosed in Annexure No. 4.8.

Table 4.7: Irrigation Source wise Crop Area

Source of irrigation Irrigated area (Lakh ha)

1 2

Canal 0.75

Lift 0.02

Micro irri./ others 0.05

Well 0.18

Tube well 0

Total 1.00

1 Total geographical Area 31.85

2 Land under cultivation 12.23

3 Net Sown Area 6.28

4 Gross Cropped Area 9.74

5 Cropping Intensity 155.16%

6 Irrigated Area Canal 0.75

7 Lift 0.02

8 Micro irrigation./

others

0.05

9 Well 0.18

10 Tube well 0

11 Total 1.00

12 Rainfed Area 5.28

13 Irrigation Intensity (11/2*100) 8.20%




88

4.13. Categorization of Sub-basin:

The data shows that total water both surface and ground water available in the basin is

64481.985 Mm3. The water availability per hectare and per capita in the basin is 54375 and 1690 m3.

Efforts will be required for enhancing ground water recharge and surface storages by implementing

different water conservation and water harvesting structures in the region. On an average the basin can

be categorized as Abundant (shown below).The categorization of sub-basins (28) in detail is covered in

Chapter dealing with ‘Hydrology’.

Table-4.8: Categorization of WFRB

4.14. Perennial Crops Suggested in Basin:

All Sub basins in this region are abundant in availability of water so proposed to grow perennial

crops. Refer table no 4.6

4.15. Crop Productivity and Requirement:

The average per ha productivity of different crops in WFRB is presented below. It is seen that

the productivity of some crops is less than the state or national level productivity and hence efforts are

needed to enhance the productivity of crops. The sub-basin wise average yield per ha in quintal is

enclosed in Annexure No. 4.9

The average crop wise productivity of the region is presented below.

Table -4.9: Productivities of Different Crops

Crop Paddy Mango Coconut Cashew Sugarcane Banana sapota Guava Custard

apple Aracanut

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Average

Productivity 28.74 129.82 89.12 104.01 540.90 699.74 201.79 137.12 55.22 42.54

The expected yield, potential yield, state and national productivity levels are also presented in separate

table.

Sr.

No.

Region

Surface

Water

Availability

(Mm3)

Net

Ground

water

(Mm3)

Total water

(3)+(4)

(Mm3)

Cultivable

Area Ha

Population

2030

Water

availability

M3/Ha

(5)/(6)

Water

availability

per Capita

M3

Category

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Kokan 64218.475 2263.51 66481.985 1222646 39342425 54375 1690 Abundant




89

Table- 4.10: Crop wise yield

Sr.

No

Crops Average

Productivity

of Basin

(q/ha)

Expected

Yield q/ha

Potential

Yield q/ha

State Average

Yield q/ha

National Average

Yield q/ha

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 Paddy 28.74 31.614 19.25 -

2 Mango 129.82 142.802 0.90 -

3 Coconut 89.12 98.032 350.00 -

4 Cashew 104.01 114.411 240.00 -

5 Sugarcane 540.90 594.99 68.00 625

6 Banana 699.74 769.714 85.70 -

7 Sapota 201.79 221.969 225.00 -

8 Guava 137.12 150.832 81.00 -

9 Custard

Apple

55.22 60.742 65.10 -

10 Aracanut 42.54 46.794 5.33 -

4.16. Crop Production:

Some present production of different crops in the basin is presented in following table. It

reveals that presently the production of cereals is negligible which should be increased by 2030.

Similarly, present production of pulses and oil seeds is 0.05 lakh tonne and 0.006 lakh tonne which

should be increased by 2030. As mentioned above the productivity of these crops in the basin is low and

requires increasing it, so that total production of the basin will be increased. The increased production

will help to serve the food grain requirement of population of the basin. The production of different

crops in the basin is enclosed in Annexure No. 4.10

4.17. Research and Extension:

Agricultural services are provided to the farmers by Agriculture Department, Zilla Parishad,

TalukaPanchayat Samiti of Government of Maharashtra located within block. In addition to these

services, services are also provided by Krishi Vidyan Kendra and NGO's.

The minimum requirement criteria for research and extension services are as below:

1. For 50 lakh ha.: One Agriculture University

2. For 10 lakh ha.: One Agriculture Research Center and One KrishiVidyan Kendra

3. For 1 lakh ha: One Agriculture College, One Agri. Training Institute and 10 Agri. School.

In WFRB there is only one Agriculture Universities in Dapoli Ratnagiri. Details of Agriculture

Universities, Colleges, Schools, Research Stations, KVKs etc. is given in Annexure No. 4.11. The numbers

of agriculture colleges, schools, research stations, KrishiVignyan Kendra etc. functional in the basin are

present below.




90

Table 4-11 Agricultural Infrastructure

Agriculture

Colleges (Unit No)

Agriculture School

(Unit No)

Agriculture

Research Station

(Unit No)

Aril Extension

Training/Poly-

clinic (Unit No)

Krishi Vignyan

Kendra (Unit No)

1 2 3 4 5

Present 2030 Present 2030 Present 2030 Present 2030 Present 2030

5 12 - 150 15 15 - 150 1 2

The above table shows that there are 05 agricultural colleges, 15 research stations, 02

agriculture training centers and 01 KVKs are available in this region. The available number of all these

institutions seems to be inadequate against its requirement by 2030. In 2030 the required numbers of

agriculture colleges is 150, schools 150, training centers 150 and KVKs 2. So, needful arrangements are

required to add on number of institutions in the region. So that it will provide quality services to

different stakeholders. The research stations and agriculture universities support to develop needful

crop technologies whereas the extension wing of state department helps for enhancing its adoption at

farmer’s level. Extension services include monthly district workshop, ZREAC, Joint field and diagnostics

team visit, training, demonstration etc. The State Government carried out technology transfer,

implementation of various central / state sponsored schemes, village seed programmes, Kisan Melava,

etc. The Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) at district level plays crucial role in

handling these functions. The inadequate infrastructure need to be strengthened so that the farmers

would be able access these facilities more smoothly.

4.18. Agro based Industries

There are no large scale agro processing units in WFRB. However, there are large no of small

agro processing units all over the basin. In Northen part of the basin processing of chikkus, bananas are

carried out. Recently a large unit of tender coconut processing is established at Dahanu. In South

processing of cashew is done on a large scale. Further incentives for processing and exporting mango

products are necessary to boost the rural economy of this region.

The region wise details of credit facilities, financial institutions, agro based industries present

status & requirement are as follows:

Table 4-12: Agricultural Marketing

S. N. Particulars Kokan Region

Present Requirement

1 2 3 4

1 Credit facilities -- --

2 Green storages -- --

3 Cold storages 100 --

4 Fertilizers agencies 110 --

5 Seed agencies -- --




91

S. N. Particulars Kokan Region

Present Requirement

1 2 3 4

6 Tissue culture / nursery --

7 Pesticides agencies -- --

8 Agriculture implement

agencies

-- --

9 Drip, sprinkler & diffuser

dealers

-- --

10 Green poly house / shed net -- --

11 Marketing (Krishi Utpanna

Bazar samiti)

03 --

12 Weekly / bi weekly markets -- --

(Source: www.agriexchange.apeda.gov.in,www.mahaagri.gov.in/publications/page_1-

193.pdf, www.urvarak.co.in, www.macp.gov.in)

The above mentioned data is from partial survey. It doesn’t covered entired Basin.

4.19. Ultimate Irrigation Potential:

The data given in table below shows that out of total 12.23 lakhs ha cultivable area of the region

out of which 1.00 lakh ha is irrigated at present. The ultimate irrigation potential is estimated to be 2.82

lakh ha. The present percentage of irrigated area is 33.72 % which will be increased to 66.28 % by 2030.

The present gross cropped area is 9.74 lakh ha. The present cropping intensity of the basin is 155.16%.

The overall water use for irrigation is 2620.80 Mm3. The sub-basin wise ultimate irrigation potential is

enclosed in Annexure – Soils in Maharashtra. The exercise is based on tall expectations. Nevertheless,

focused efforts will be required for achieving the objectives. This will also ensure equity among all the

stakeholders. The assessment of water availability for the perspective plan is governed by 75%

dependable figure. For enhancement of productivity with optimum use of water resources, adoption of

MIS appears a necessity. The policies of the Government will play a major role in such venture. Farmers

need to be educated appropriately. Time will be the deciding factor.

Table 4.13: Ultimate Irrigation Potential

Area in Lakh Ha

Cultivab

le area

(Lakh

ha)

Present*

irrigated

area (Lakh

Ha)

Ultimate*

Irrigation

Potential

(Lakh ha)

% Irrigated area

Gross cropped

area (Lakh ha)

(Including

rainfed)

Cropping

intensity (%)

Water

used for

irrigation

(Mm3)

Present 2030 Present 2030 Present 2030

12.23 1.00 2.82 33.72 66.28 9.74 NA 155.16 NA 2620.80




92

4.20. Conclusions and Recommendations:

• The overall picture shows, that about 6.32% land of the region is said to be under non-

agricultural use of which about 23.60% land is either forest or 8.55% un-cultivable waste/ barren

land. These lands can be converted into dense tree cover which will help to enhance vegetation

of the basin. Part of this land can be used for developing industries or urban habitations.

• The fallow area of 2.89 lakh ha which is cultivable waste can be brought under crop cultivation

by providing certain soil and water conservation measures, so as to increase net cropped area of

the basin.

• The issue of diversion of land from irrigated/agriculture to non-agriculture purpose is most

sensitive in the region. Some policy decisions will be required to prohibit this conversion of

irrigated/agriculture land into non-agriculture use.

• The surplus acquired land shall not be kept unused. It should be brought under productive use

(agriculture and agro-processing industries) by leasing the same to agricultural entrepreneurs.

• Needful arrangements are required to enhance number of agriculture colleges, schools,

research stations, training centers and KVKs in the basin for better extension services to

different stakeholders.

• The infrastructure required for better agri-business like agro-input service centers, irrigation

equipment centers, green houses, grain storages, cold storages, credit facilities, etc is

inadequate to cater the needs of farmers from the basin. So, necessary efforts are required for

increasing numbers of these units in the region.

• The sub-basins falling in WFRB has abundant water available for use. More emphasis shall be

given on promoting seasonal short duration and high yielding crops (pulse, oil seed, vegetables

etc) in almost all the sub-basins. Focused efforts should be made to bring major irrigation under

micro-irrigation systems by 2030. Every farmer is to be empowered with shade net/poly-house,

farm pond/well and so on, so as to have rounded the year employment on his own farm.

• A broad analysis for assessing the ultimate irrigation potential of WFRB, taking into account the

water availability from all sources including recycled water and return flows and resorting to

modern irrigation systems. It was revealed that the cropping intensity could be enhanced.

Focused efforts are needed to promote short duration seasonal crops with a dose of protective

irrigation.

• The region is utterly inadequate in establishing agro-processing units (textiles mills,

oil/pulses/cereals processing industries, fruit and vegetable processing industries etc ) for all

types of crops in a decentralized (village/ block/district level)manner. Special efforts are needed

to fulfill the requirement of the basin. It generates huge employment at rural level in addition to

value addition of the primary produce.

• There is an acute shortage of climatological observation centers (rain gauge, river gauge,

evaporimeter, sunshine recorder, wind vane etc) in the basin. Efforts are needed to make good

the shortage immediately. There is need to have at least one rain gauge station and

evaporimeter in each of the villages of the basin.




93

4.21. Annexure

Annexure 4.1

Land use

Sr. No. Type of Land Total

Area in Ha. Percentage

1 2 59 60

1 Total Geographical Area 3185476.72 100.00

2 Permanent Pasture 64781.96 2.03

3 Misc. Trees& groves 38684.72 1.21

4 Fallow Land 289248.25 9.08

5 Cultivable Area 1222645.74 38.38

7 Total Cultivated Area (2+3+4+5+6) 1615360.67 50.70

8 Forest 752179.74 23.61

9 Barren & uncultivable. 268845.50 8.44

10 Land Under Non- Agri use 227558.35 7.14

11 Culturable Waste land 321532.46 10.09

12 Total Uncultivated Area (8+9+10+11) 1570116.05 49.28




94

Annexure 4.2

Sub basin wise areas in districts

Sr.

no.

Sub Basins Geographical

Area in

Districts Percentage

of sub

basin area

Total Water sheds

MRSAC (Ha) Elementary Mini Micro

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 Ambika 10636.47 Nashik 0.33 1 0 0

2 Auranga 16764.75 Nashik 0.53 1 0 0

3 Narpar 78222.71 Nashik 2.46 2 0 0

4 Damanganga 150212.06 Palghar, Nashik 4.72 9 0 0

5 Vaitarna 380207.76 Nashik, Thane, Palghar 11.94 17 0 0

6 Streams

between D

and V

100421.13 Palghar 3.15 3 0 0

7 Ulhas 486562.00 Thane, Raigad, Pune, Nashik,

Ahamadnagar

15.27 11 0 0

8 Patalganga 83329.66 Thane,Raigad, Pune,Mumbai 2.62 5 0 0

9 Amba 91479.05 Raigad / Pune 2.87 2 0 0

10 Kundalika 85836.25 Raigad / Pune 2.69 2 0 0

11 Mhasala 66688.04 Raigad 2.09 2 0 0

12 Savitri 213628.74 Pune , Raigad,Satara,Ratnagiri. 6.71 6 0 0

13 Bharja 33011.00 Ratnagiri 1.04 1 0 0

14 Vashishthi 264193.14 Ratnagiri, Raigad, Satara 8.29 6 0 0

15 Shastri 269737.42 Ratnagiri, Kolhapur, Sangali,

Satara

8.47 9 0 0

16 Kajavi 55626.53 Ratnagiri 1.75 1 0 0

17 Muchkundi 75441.26 Ratnagiri, Kolhpur 2.37 1 0 0

18 Kodavali 74847.75 Ratnagiri 2.35 1 0 0

19 Waghotan 129654.72 Sindhudurg/ kolhapur 4.07 1 0

0

20 Devgad 74508.92 Sindhudurg 2.34 2 0 0

21 Gad 105261.00 Sindhudurg/ kolhapur 3.3 1 0 0

22 Karli 85100.00 Sindhudurg 2.67 1 0 0

23 Vengurla 26159.00 Sindhudurg 0.82 1 0 0

24 Achara 28092.77 Sindhudurg 0.88 1 0

25 Terkhol 61483.48 Sindhudurg, Kolhapur 1.93 1 0 0

26 Tillari 70331.11 Kolhapur, Sindhudurg 2.21 1 0 0

27 Mahadayi 7700 Dodamarg 0.24 N.A. N.A. N.A.

28 Mumbai 60340.00 Mumbai,Mumbai Sub-urbans 1.89 2 N.A. N.A.

3185476.72 100 91 0 0




95

Annexure 4.3

Geographical area, Cultivable & Net sown area (Present)

S.

No.

Sub basin Geographical

area (ha)

Cultivable

area (ha)

Percentage

(Cult/Geo)

Net sown

area (ha)

Gross

cropped

area (ha)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 Ambika 10636.47 3207.00 30.15 3207.00 3381.00

2 Auranga 16764.75 4960.46 29.59 4960.46 5228.46

3 Nar-Par 78222.71 34725.45 44.39 33400.37 36779.01

4 Daman 150212.06 62065.60 41.32 51809.75 54567.20

5 Streams between D

and V.

100421.13 20491.46 20.41 19382.16 23387.44

6 Vaitarana 380207.76 167205.78 43.98 72025.21 73424.60

7 Ullhas 486562.00 145101.00 29.82 91797.00 103834.00

8 Patalganga 83329.66 21837.09 26.21 12551.00 14178.50

9 Amba 91479.05 29499.88 32.25 18278.01 25411.57

10 Kundalika 85836.25 31153.86 36.29 26698.30 35377.99

11 Mhasala 66688.04 18900.82 28.34 9314.15 10801.38

12 Savitri 213628.74 60206.67 28.18 39595.63 50883.77

13 Bharaja 33011.00 9580.00 29.02 8998.17 9117.00

14 Vashishti 264193.14 147003.77 55.64 19319.11 34496.35

15 Shastri 269737.42 162455.97 60.23 13278.94 213628.12

16 Kajvi 55626.53 13358.46 24.01 13281.80 13358.00

17 Muchkundi 75441.26 30686.67 40.68 19382.16 30686.67

18 Kodavali 74847.75 31112.05 41.57 15340.76 34496.35

19 Waghotan 129654.72 55005.07 42.42 19949.68 20253.95

20 Devgad 74508.92 12157.00 16.32 11592.30 25980.00

21 Gad 105261.00 46061.00 43.76 42032.00 66486.00

22 Karli 85100.00 31900.00 37.49 25900.00 26600.00

23 Vengurla 26159.00 23834.00 91.11 18836.00 19518.00

24 Achara 28092.77 12290.88 43.75 9654.55 9962.79

25 Terekhol 61483.48 22186.47 36.09 11291.32 13804.04

26 Tilari 70331.11 22659.33 32.22 15740.52 18149.04

27 Mahadayi 7700.00 3000.00 N.A. N.A. N.A.

28 Mumbai Island 60340 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Total 3185476.72 1219645.74 627616.35 973791.23




96

Forest and Uncultivable Waste Land

Sr.No. Sub basin Forest land Forest land % Uncultivable

waste land (ha.)

Cultivable

fallow (ha)

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 Ambika 6175.84 0.82 258.00 257.47

2 Auranga 10311.65 1.37 299.20 349.51

3 Narpar 36160.09 4.81 1999.26 1533.89

4 Damanganga 60306.09 8.02 10655.94 4771.24

5 Streams between D

and V

45944.55 6.11 10925.14 1443.13

6 Vaitarna 159936.52 21.26 16338.25 4882.62

7 Ulhas 127824.00 16.99 48983.00 20574

8 Patalganga 22828.98 3.04 13996.22 12328.56

9 Amba 26106.82 3.47 20356.01 4133.48

10 Kundalika 24986.49 3.32 8120.55 4326.32

11 Mhasala 5953.41 0.79 8002.69 20523.68

12 Savitri 27032.47 3.59 34834.13 59031.56

13 Bharja 0.00 0.00 1288 6345

14 Vashishthi 43394.19 5.77 0.00 13360.37

15 Shastri 42433.78 5.64 0.00 28407.51

16 Kajavi 6531.64 0.87 612.97 25756

17 Muchkundi 14106.09 1.88 0.00 10103.46

18 Kodavali 12892.63 1.71 0 6744.6

19 Waghotan 2482.46 0.33 8668.68 8780.02

20 Devgad 1554.00 0.21 41625.00 13823.00

21 Gad 11196.00 1.49 8989.00 12178.00

22 Karli 6000.00 0.80 19000 9000

23 Vengurla 715.00 0.10 85.00 438.00

24 Achara 1556.34 0.21 7823.46 1797.31

25 Terkhol 12451.91 1.66 0 9322.07

26 Tillari 28624.79 3.81 3360 8037.45

27 Mahadayi N.A. N.A. N.A. 1000

28 Mumbai 14674.00 1.95 1625.00 N.A.

Total 752179.74 100.00 267845.50 289248.25




97

Annexure 4.4

Basin Wise Existing Cropping Pattern

Sr.

No.

Sub-basin Gross

Cropped

Area

Paddy Nagli Groundnut Oil

Seeds

Pulses Sugar

cane

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 Ambika 3381 0.00 0.00 225.00 0.00 0.00 10.00

2 Auranga 5228.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00

3 Nar-Par 36779.01 1976.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

4 Daman 54567.2 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.02 0.00 20.00

5 Streams

between D

and V.

23387.44 20428.02 0.00 0.00 17.23 0.00 0.00

6 Vaitarana 73424.6 55609.01 4056.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

7 Ullhas 103834 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

8 Patalganga 14178.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

9 Amba 25411.57 20473.00 355.00 57.93 0.00 0.00 0.00

10 Kundalika 35377.99 16087.94 0.00 0.00 27.40 425.14 0.00

11 Mhasala 10801.38 5425.75 436.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

12 Savitri 50883.77 31823.03 4777.04 0.00 0.00 992.20 0.00

13 Bharaja 9117 3510.00 638.18 0.00 8.02 429.19 0.00

14 Vashishti 34496.35 27009.00 4314.12 0.00 158.30 1067.00 0.00

15 Shastri 213628.12 0.00 6613.82 0.00 170.72 1492.32 0.00

16 Kajvi 13358 4936.89 596.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

17 Muchkundi 30686.67 5245.32 424.92 0.00 16.19 49.17 0.00

18 Kodavali 34496.35 5931.92 868.91 0.00 36.35 215.90 0.00

19 Waghotan 20253.95 8407.10 440.38 57.93 28.74 118.85 939.86

20 Devgad 25980 10738.00 545.04 92.72 1.00 4.00 210.00

21 Gad 464.86 149.45 30.22 24.87 18.36 75.31 20.92

22 Karli 26600 128.00 3.00 5.00 2.00 7.00 1.00

23 Vengurla 19518 17400.00 400.00 200.00 100.00 500.00 10.00

24 Achara 9962.79 3332.94 43.31 158.56 2.27 40.28 55.00

25 Terekhol 13804.04 0.00 408.77 0.00 75.00 35.00 65.00

26 Tilari 18149.04 25.15 3.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00

27 Mahadayi N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A

28 Mumbai

Island

N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A.

238637.32 24955.86 822.05 663.60 5451.36 1341.78




98

Sr. No. Sub-basin Other Mango Cashwnut Coconut Rice Ragi K &R

Maiz

Other

Kh.

Cereals

1 2 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

1 Ambika 0.00 330.00 0.00 0.00 1283.00 801.00 16.00 160.00

2 Auranga 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1984.00 1240.00 4.00 248.00

3 Nar-Par 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3347.20 0.00

4 Daman 0.00 1520.88 112.82 20.60 22932.62 19653.73 0.80 1633.86

5 Streams

between D

and V.

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 165.00 0.00 0.00 15.31

6 Vaitarana 0.00 2846.94 135.85 1440.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

7 Ullhas 0.00 2499.03 0.00 0.00 559.53 35.08 0.62 9.58

8 Patalganga 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

9 Amba 0.00 1874.25 15.65 29.89 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

10 Kundalika 0.00 2916.12 236.78 230.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

11 Mhasala 0.00 0.00 3170.52 490.04 297.30 0.00 0.00 0.00

12 Savitri 0.00 4183.30 642.30 71.00 0.00 643.00 0.00 0.00

13 Bharaja 0.00 2325.95 2033.33 845.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

14 Vashishti 0.00 10811.78 25387.52 1098.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 199.20

15 Shastri 0.00 18447.05 10603.25 1291.29 27521.35 0.00 0.00 453.28

16 Kajvi 653.50 3538.47 3448.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 141.00

17 Muchkundi 0.00 0.00 0.00 195.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.65

18 Kodavali 0.00 0.00 0.00 171.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 61.20

19 Waghotan 0.00 6622.63 6537.74 388.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

20 Devgad 0.00 12190.00 3555.46 851.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

21 Gad 0.00 67.68 94.55 29.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

22 Karli 0.00 32.00 67.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

23 Vengurla 0.00 600.00 500.00 200.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

24 Achara 0.00 3595.10 1991.85 368.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

25 Terekhol 0.00 1657.18 4506.77 1399.60 5472.97 0.00 0.00 0.00

26 Tilari 0.00 150.00 0.00 250.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

27 Mahadayi N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A

28 Mumbai

Island

N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A.

653.50 76208.36 63040.01 9391.69 60215.77 22372.81 3368.62 2933.08




99

Sr.

No.

Sub-basin Varai Tur Udid Other Other

Pulses

Kh

Groundnut

Sesamum Karala

1 2 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1 Ambika 0.00 130.00 96.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

2 Auranga 0.00 99.00 148.00 0.00 50.00 347.00 0.00 0.00

3 Nar-Par 0.00 424.83 441.60 0.00 0.00 495.00 0.00 0.00

4 Daman 2588.51 1602.86 2014.78 0.00 594.49 389.48 476.45 0.00

5 Streams

between D

and V.

0.00 486.45 109.15 0.00 296.35 0.00 12.00 0.00

6 Vaitarana 2213.61 1608.33 1065.00 760.00 74.89 0.00 157.63 556.62

7 Ullhas 0.00 5.67 13.12 0.00 21.90 0.14 0.00 0.00

8 Patalganga 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

9 Amba 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

10 Kundalika 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

11 Mhasala 0.00 0.00 79.46 0.00 0.00 30.00 0.00 0.00

12 Savitri 800.00 958.90 0.00 0.00 4350.02 0.00 0.00 0.00

13 Bharaja 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

14 Vashishti 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

15 Shastri 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

16 Kajvi 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

17 Muchkundi 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

18 Kodavali 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

19 Waghotan 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

20 Devgad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

21 Gad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

22 Karli 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

23 Vengurla 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

24 Achara 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

25 Terekhol 0.00 0.00 0.00 155.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

26 Tilari 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00


28 Mumbai

Island


5602.12 5316.04 3967.11 915.15 5387.65 1261.62 646.08 556.62




100

Sr.

No.

Sub-basin Gram Mung Wal Chavali Banana Sapota Custerd

apple

K.lime Guava

1 2 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

1 Ambika 150.00 32.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

2 Auranga 148.00 49.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3 Nar-Par 3283.30 684.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

4 Daman 2004.01 246.57 0.00 0.00 100.60 72.03 10.00 0.00 27.00

5 Streams

between D

and V.

233.86 0.00 199.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

6 Vaitarana 1168.59 216.19 1045.80 18.20 101.85 3941.37 1.28 0.74 9.02

7 Ullhas 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 33.06 150.51 9.72 4.81 32.16

8 Patalganga 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

9 Amba 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

10 Kundalika 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 38.11 58.51 2.85 0.11 1.87

11 Mhasala 0.00 38.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.47 63.20 0.00 0.07

12 Savitri 159.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.47 65.78 0.00 1.57 0.00

13 Bharaja 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

14 Vashishti 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

15 Shastri 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

16 Kajvi 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

17 Muchkundi 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

18 Kodavali 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

19 Waghotan 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

20 Devgad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

21 Gad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

22 Karli 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

23 Vengurla 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

24 Achara 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

25 Terekhol 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 28.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

26 Tilari 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 200.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

27 Mahadayi N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A

28 Mumbai

Island

N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A.

7147.64 1266.67 1244.97 18.20 511.74 4289.67 87.05 7.23 70.12




101

Sr.

No.

Sub-basin Other

fruits

Fruits Cereals Soyabean Nigger R.

Jowar

Wheat Other

Ruby

Pulses

1 2 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42

1 Ambika 666.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.00

2 Auranga 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.00 148.00 198.00 297.00 27.00

3 Nar-Par 0.00 0.00 0.00 1476.00 0.00 1220.20 6147.10 0.00

4 Daman 56.00 0.00 0.00 1.11 805.35 3.07 1106.06 572.24

5 Streams

between D

and V.

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.30

6 Vaitarana 666.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

7 Ullhas 688.91 0.00 1.15 0.14 0.67 0.00 0.24 0.60

8 Patalganga 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

9 Amba 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

10 Kundalika 22.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

11 Mhasala 240.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00

12 Savitri 293.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

13 Bharaja 0.00 4531.00 4148.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

14 Vashishti 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

15 Shastri 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

16 Kajvi 688.91 7676.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

17 Muchkundi 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

18 Kodavali 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

19 Waghotan 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

20 Devgad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

21 Gad 41.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

22 Karli 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

23 Vengurla 20.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

24 Achara 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

25 Terekhol 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

26 Tilari 200.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00


28 Mumbai

Island


3585.65 12207.00 4149.33 1502.25 954.02 1421.29 7550.40 627.14




102

Sr.

No.

Sub-basin Summer

Groundnut

Aracanut Grape Pomegranate Other

Rabbi

Cereals

K jowar

1 2 43 44 45 46 47 48

1 Ambika 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

2 Auranga 40.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3 Nar-Par 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1410.00

4 Daman 0.00 0.00 100.60 12.60 640.90 0.00

5 Streams between

D and V.

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

6 Vaitarana 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

7 Ullhas 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

8 Patalganga 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

9 Amba 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

10 Kundalika 0.00 130.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

11 Mhasala 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

12 Savitri 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

13 Bharaja 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

14 Vashishti 0.00 378.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

15 Shastri 0.00 294.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

16 Kajvi 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

17 Muchkundi 0.00 39.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

18 Kodavali 0.00 20.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

19 Waghotan 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

20 Devgad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

21 Gad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

22 Karli 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

23 Vengurla 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

24 Achara 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

25 Terekhol 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

26 Tilari 0.00 250.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

27 Mahadayi N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A

28 Mumbai Island N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A.

40.00 1112.08 100.60 12.60 640.90 1410.00




103

Annexure 4.5

Existing Crop Area in Sub-basin

Sr.No. Sub basin Paddy Nagli Groundnut Oil

Seeds

Pulses

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 Ambika 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

2 Auranga 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3 Nar-Par 20428.02 0.00 0.00 17.23 0.00

4 Daman 55609.01 4056.98 0.00 0.00 0.00

5 Streams between D and V. 5425.75 436.60 0.00 0.00 0.00

6 Vaitarana 0.00 0.00 225.00 0.00 0.00

7 Ullhas 16087.94 0.00 0.00 27.40 425.14

8 Patalganga 3332.94 43.31 158.56 2.27 40.28

9 Amba 10738.00 545.04 92.72 1.00 4.00

10 Kundalika 128.00 3.00 5.00 2.00 7.00

11 Mhasala 17400.00 400.00 200.00 100.00 500.00

12 Savitri 0.00 408.77 0.00 75.00 35.00

13 Bharaja 149.45 30.22 24.87 18.36 75.31

14 Vashishti 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

15 Shastri 20473.00 355.00 57.93 0.00 0.00

16 Kajvi 1976.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

17 Muchkundi 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.02 0.00

18 Kodavali 25.15 3.00 0.04 0.00 0.00

19 Waghotan 4936.89 596.57 0.00 0.00 0.00

20 Devgad 3510.00 638.18 0.00 8.02 429.19

21 Gad 27009.00 4314.12 0.00 158.30 1067.00

22 Karli 5245.32 424.92 0.00 16.19 49.17

23 Vengurla 0.00 6613.82 0.00 170.72 1492.32

24 Achara 31823.03 4777.04 0.00 0.00 992.20

25 Terekhol 5931.92 868.91 0.00 36.35 215.90

26 Tilari 8407.10 440.38 57.93 28.74 118.85

27 Mahadayi N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A

28 Mumbai Island N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A.

238637.32 24955.86 822.05 663.60 5451.36




104

Sr.No. Sub basin Sugar

cane

Other Mango Cashwnut Coconut Rice

1 2 8 9 10 11 12 13

1 Ambika 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

2 Auranga 10.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1984.00

3 Nar-Par 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 165.00

4 Daman 0.00 0.00 2846.94 135.85 1440.68 0.00

5 Streams between D and V. 0.00 0.00 0.00 3170.52 490.04 297.30

6 Vaitarana 10.00 0.00 330.00 0.00 0.00 1283.00

7 Ullhas 0.00 0.00 2916.12 236.78 230.02 0.00

8 Patalganga 55.00 0.00 3595.10 1991.85 368.66 0.00

9 Amba 210.00 0.00 12190.00 3555.46 851.00 0.00

10 Kundalika 1.00 0.00 32.00 67.00 20.00 0.00

11 Mhasala 10.00 0.00 600.00 500.00 200.00 0.00

12 Savitri 65.00 0.00 1657.18 4506.77 1399.60 5472.97

13 Bharaja 20.92 0.00 67.68 94.55 29.98 0.00

14 Vashishti 0.00 0.00 2499.03 0.00 0.00 559.53

15 Shastri 0.00 0.00 1874.25 15.65 29.89 0.00

16 Kajvi 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

17 Muchkundi 20.00 0.00 1520.88 112.82 20.60 22932.62

18 Kodavali 0.00 0.00 150.00 0.00 250.00 0.00

19 Waghotan 0.00 653.50 3538.47 3448.62 0.00 0.00

20 Devgad 0.00 0.00 2325.95 2033.33 845.00 0.00

21 Gad 0.00 0.00 10811.78 25387.52 1098.76 0.00

22 Karli 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 195.19 0.00

23 Vengurla 0.00 0.00 18447.05 10603.25 1291.29 27521.35

24 Achara 0.00 0.00 4183.30 642.30 71.00 0.00

25 Terekhol 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 171.12 0.00

26 Tilari 939.86 0.00 6622.63 6537.74 388.86 0.00



1341.78 653.50 76208.36 63040.01 9391.69 60215.77




105

Sr.No. Sub basin Ragi K &R

Maiz

Other

Kh.

Cereals

Varai Tur Udid

1 2 14 15 16 17 18 19

1 Ambika 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

2 Auranga 1240.00 4.00 248.00 0.00 99.00 148.00

3 Nar-Par 0.00 0.00 15.31 0.00 486.45 109.15

4 Daman 0.00 0.00 0.00 2213.61 1608.33 1065.00


6 Vaitarana 801.00 16.00 160.00 0.00 130.00 96.00

7 Ullhas 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

8 Patalganga 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

9 Amba 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

10 Kundalika 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

11 Mhasala 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

12 Savitri 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

13 Bharaja 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

14 Vashishti 35.08 0.62 9.58 0.00 5.67 13.12

15 Shastri 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

16 Kajvi 0.00 3347.20 0.00 0.00 424.83 441.60

17 Muchkundi 19653.73 0.80 1633.86 2588.51 1602.86 2014.78

18 Kodavali 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

19 Waghotan 0.00 0.00 141.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

20 Devgad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

21 Gad 0.00 0.00 199.20 0.00 0.00 0.00

22 Karli 0.00 0.00 11.65 0.00 0.00 0.00

23 Vengurla 0.00 0.00 453.28 0.00 0.00 0.00

24 Achara 643.00 0.00 0.00 800.00 958.90 0.00

25 Terekhol 0.00 0.00 61.20 0.00 0.00 0.00

26 Tilari 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00



Total 22372.81 3368.62 2933.08 5602.12 5316.04 3967.11




106

Sr.No. Sub basin Other Other

Pulses

Kh

Groundnut

Sesamum Karala Gram

1 2 20 21 22 23 24 25

1 Ambika 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

2 Auranga 0.00 50.00 347.00 0.00 0.00 148.00

3 Nar-Par 0.00 296.35 0.00 12.00 0.00 233.86

4 Daman 760.00 74.89 0.00 157.63 556.62 1168.59


6 Vaitarana 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 150.00

7 Ullhas 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

8 Patalganga 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

9 Amba 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

10 Kundalika 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

11 Mhasala 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

12 Savitri 155.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

13 Bharaja 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

14 Vashishti 0.00 21.90 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.67

15 Shastri 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

16 Kajvi 0.00 0.00 495.00 0.00 0.00 3283.30

17 Muchkundi 0.00 594.49 389.48 476.45 0.00 2004.01

18 Kodavali 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20

19 Waghotan 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

20 Devgad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

21 Gad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

22 Karli 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

23 Vengurla 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

24 Achara 0.00 4350.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 159.01

25 Terekhol 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

26 Tilari 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00



915.15 5387.65 1261.62 646.08 556.62 7147.64




107

Sr.No

.

Sub basin Mung Wal Chavali Banana Sapota Custerd

apple

1 2 26 27 28 29 30 31

1 Ambika 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

2 Auranga 49.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3 Nar-Par 0.00 199.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

4 Daman 216.19 1045.80 18.20 101.85 3941.37 1.28


6 Vaitarana 32.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

7 Ullhas 0.00 0.00 0.00 38.11 58.51 2.85

8 Patalganga 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

9 Amba 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

10 Kundalika 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

11 Mhasala 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

12 Savitri 0.00 0.00 0.00 28.65 0.00 0.00

13 Bharaja 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

14 Vashishti 0.00 0.00 0.00 33.06 150.51 9.72

15 Shastri 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

16 Kajvi 684.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

17 Muchkundi 246.57 0.00 0.00 100.60 72.03 10.00

18 Kodavali 0.00 0.00 0.00 200.00 0.00 0.00

19 Waghotan 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

20 Devgad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

21 Gad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

22 Karli 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

23 Vengurla 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

24 Achara 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.47 65.78 0.00

25 Terekhol 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

26 Tilari 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00



1266.67 1244.97 18.20 511.74 4289.67 87.05




108

Sr.No. Sub basin K.lime Guava Other

fruits

Fruits Cereals Soyabean

1 2 32 33 34 35 36 37

1 Ambika 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

2 Auranga 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.00

3 Nar-Par 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

4 Daman 0.74 9.02 666.87 0.00 0.00 0.00


6 Vaitarana 0.00 0.00 666.87 0.00 0.00 0.00

7 Ullhas 0.11 1.87 22.95 0.00 0.00 0.00

8 Patalganga 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

9 Amba 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

10 Kundalika 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

11 Mhasala 0.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

12 Savitri 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

13 Bharaja 0.00 0.00 41.80 0.00 0.00 0.00

14 Vashishti 4.81 32.16 688.91 0.00 1.15 0.14

15 Shastri 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

16 Kajvi 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1476.00

17 Muchkundi 0.00 27.00 56.00 0.00 0.00 1.11

18 Kodavali 0.00 0.00 200.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

19 Waghotan 0.00 0.00 688.91 7676.00 0.00 0.00

20 Devgad 0.00 0.00 0.00 4531.00 4148.18 0.00

21 Gad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

22 Karli 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

23 Vengurla 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

24 Achara 1.57 0.00 293.34 0.00 0.00 0.00

25 Terekhol 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

26 Tilari 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00



7.23 70.12 3585.65 12207.00 4149.33 1502.25




109

Sr.No. Sub basin Nigger Rabbi

Jowar

Wheat Other

Rabbi

Pulses

Summer

Groundnut

Aracanut

1 2 38 39 40 41 42 43

1 Ambika 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

2 Auranga 148.00 198.00 297.00 27.00 40.00 0.00

3 Nar-Par 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.30 0.00 0.00

4 Daman 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00


6 Vaitarana 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.00 0.00 0.00

7 Ullhas 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 130.00

8 Patalganga 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

9 Amba 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

10 Kundalika 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

11 Mhasala 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

12 Savitri 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

13 Bharaja 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

14 Vashishti 0.67 0.00 0.24 0.60 0.00 0.00

15 Shastri 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

16 Kajvi 0.00 1220.20 6147.10 0.00 0.00 0.00

17 Muchkundi 805.35 3.07 1106.06 572.24 0.00 0.00

18 Kodavali 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 250.00

19 Waghotan 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

20 Devgad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

21 Gad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 378.31

22 Karli 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 39.31

23 Vengurla 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 294.00

24 Achara 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

25 Terekhol 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.46

26 Tilari 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00



954.02 1421.29 7550.40 627.14 40.00 1112.08




110

Sr.No. Sub basin Grape Pomegranate Other

Rabbi

Cereals

K jowar

1 2 44 45 46 47

1 Ambika 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

2 Auranga 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3 Nar-Par 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

4 Daman 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

5 Streams between D and V. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

6 Vaitarana 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

7 Ullhas 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

8 Patalganga 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

9 Amba 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

10 Kundalika 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

11 Mhasala 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

12 Savitri 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

13 Bharaja 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

14 Vashishti 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

15 Shastri 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

16 Kajvi 0.00 0.00 0.00 1410.00

17 Muchkundi 100.60 12.60 640.90 0.00

18 Kodavali 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

19 Waghotan 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

20 Devgad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

21 Gad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

22 Karli 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

23 Vengurla 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

24 Achara 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

25 Terekhol 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

26 Tilari 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

27 Mahadayi N . A N . A N . A N . A

28 Mumbai Island N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A.

100.60 12.60 640.90 1410.00




111

Annexure 4.6

Basin Wise Proposed Cropping Pattern

Sr.

No.

Crop Percentage

Perennial Crops

1 Sugarcane 10

2 Banana 20

3 Coconut & int. Pineapple 10

Kharif Crops

Kharif Paddy 60

Rabbi Crops

1 Rabbi Paddy 30

2 Vegetables 10

3 Pulses 10

4 Groundnut 10

Hot Weather Crops

1 Vegetables 20

180




112

Sr.

No.

Particulars Date & Month

From Date Month 1/1 15/1 29/1 12/2 26/2 12/3 26/3 9/4 23/4 7/5 21/5 4/6 18/6

To Date Month 14/1 28/1 11/2 18/2 11/3 25/3 8/4 22/4 6/5 20/5 3/6 17/6 1/7

No. of Days 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 8 14 14 14 14

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

A Perennial Crops

1 Sugarcane 0.106 0.109 0.147 0.157 0.182 0.192 0.223 0.229 0.303 0.27 0 0 0

2 Banana 0.255 0.267 0.368 0.388 0.437 0.436 0.488 0.481 0.619 0.507 0 0 0

3 Coconut & int. Pineapple 0.141 0.141 0.203 0.203 0.22 0.22 0.198 0.195 0.255 0.19 0 0 0

0.502 0.517 0.718 0.748 0.839 0.848 0.909 0.905 1.177 0.967 0 0 0

B Kharif Crops

1 Kharif Paddy 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

C Rabbi Crops

1 Rabbi Paddy 0.465 0.465 0.691 0.693 0.962 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 Vegetables 0.141 0.141 0.184 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 Pulses 0.059 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4 Groundnut 0.03 0.039 0.127 0.188 0.21 0.21 0.214 0.154 0 0 0 0 0

0.695 0.645 1.002 0.881 1.172 0.21 0.214 0.154 0 0 0 0 0

D Hot Weather Crops

1 Vegetables 0 0 0 0.92 0.115 0.267 0.442 0.435 0.386 0.507 0 0 0

Total 1.197 1.162 1.720 1.629 2.011 1.058 1.123 1.059 1.177 0.967 0.000 0.000 0.000




113

Sr.

No.

Particulars Date & Month

From Date Month 2/7 16/7 30/7 13/8 27/8 10/9 24/9 8/10 22/10 5/11 19/11 3/12 17-Dec

To Date Month 15/7 29/7 12/8 26/8 9/9 23/9 7/10 21/10 4/11 18/11 2/12 16/12 31-Dec

No. of Days 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

A Perennial Crops

1 Sugarcane 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.038 0.097 0.19 0.194 0.198 0.212

2 Banana 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.05 0.243 0.26 0.303 0.35

3 Coconut & int. Pineapple 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.001 0.115 0.119 0.159 0.171

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.038 0.148 0.548 0.573 0.66 0.733

B Kharif Crops

1 Kharif Paddy 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

C Rabbi Crops

1 Rabbi Paddy 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.067 0.622 0.668

2 Vegetables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.019 0.032 0.125 0.202

3 Pulses 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.147 0.205 0.207 0.169

4 Groundnut 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.166 1.304 0.954 1.039

D Hot Weather Crops

1 Vegetables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.038 0.148 0.714 1.877 1.614 1.772

Total Irrigation Requirement for 1000

Ha

21.512

Mcum




114

Annexure 4.7

Sub-Basin Wise Source of Irrigation

Sr.

No.

Sub-basin Total

Geographical

Area Ha

Land under

cultivation

Ha

Net Sown

Area Ha

Gross

Croped

Area Ha

Croppi

ng

Intensi

ty %

Irrigated Area Rainfed

Area

(4-13)

Irrigation

Intensity

(13/4*100)

Re

ma

rks Canal

lift

mic

ro i

rri.

/

oth

ers

we

ll

Tu

be

we

ll Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

1 Ambika 10636.47 3207.00 3207.00 3381.00 105.43 0.00 348.00 348.00 2859.00 10.85

2 Auranga 16764.75 4960.46 4960.46 5228.46 105.40 0.00 10.00 810.00 820.00 4140.46 16.53

3 Narpar 78222.71 34725.45 33400.37 36779.01 103.96 717.00 2202.0 2919.00 31806.45 8.41

4 Damangan

ga

150212.06 62065.60 51809.75 54567.20 119.79 2936.00 374.24 2782.0 6092.24 55973.36 9.82

5 Streams

between D

and V.

100421.13 20491.46 19382.16 23387.44 200.00 1967.60 1967.60 18523.86 9.60

6 Vaitarna 380207.76 167205.78 72025.21 73424.60 112.72 3281.00 1629.54 2418.26 266.00 0. 7594.80 0.00 4.54

7 Ulhas 486562.00 145101.00 91797.00 103834.00 113.12 2767.00 435.00 284.00 3486.00 141615.00 2.40

8 Patalganga 83329.66 21837.09 12551.00 14178.50 106.50 487 6364 6851.00 14986.09 31.37

9 Amba 91479.05 29499.88 18278.01 25411.57 112.57 1296 0 62.47 464 0 1822.47 27677.41 6.18

10 Kundalika 85836.25 31153.86 26698.30 35377.99 474.47 8653 143.94 742 9538.94 21614.92 30.62

11 Mhasala 66688.04 18900.82 9314.15 10801.38 143.72 451 316 767.00 18133.82 4.06

12 Savitri 213628.74 60206.67 39595.63 50883.77 382.83 2152 62.47 21.77 2236.24 57970.43 3.71

13 Bharja 33011.00 9580.00 8998.17 9117.00 101.32 658 658.00 8922.00 6.87

14 Vashishthi 264193.14 147003.77 19319.11 34496.35 105.84 3372.00 0.00 3372.00 143631.77 2.29

15 Shastri 269737.42 162455.97 13278.94 213628.12 111.93 855.00 0.00 855.00 161600.97 0.53

16 Kajavi 55626.53 13358.46 13281.80 13358.00 100.57 249.00 0.00 249.00 13109.46 1.86




115

Sr.

No.

Sub-basin Total

Geographical

Area Ha

Land under

cultivation

Ha

Net Sown

Area Ha

Gross

Croped

Area Ha

Croppi

ng

Intensi

ty %

Irrigated Area Rainfed

Area

(4-13)

Irrigation

Intensity

(13/4*100)

Re

ma

rks Canal

lift

mic

ro i

rri.

/

oth

ers

we

ll

Tu

be

we

ll Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

17 Muchkundi 75441.26 30686.67 19382.16 30686.67 100.99 3293.00 0.00 448.00 3741.00 26945.67 12.19

18 Kodavali 74847.75 31112.05 15340.76 34496.35 105.84 6988 284.00 7272.00 23840.05 23.37

19 Waghotan 129654.72 55005.07 19949.68 20253.95 101.52 12159 284.00 0 12443.0

0

0.00 22.62

20 Devgad 74508.92 12157.00 11592.30 25980.00 1.002 2038 375.00 2413.00 9744.00 19.85

21 Gad 105261.00 46061.00 42032.00 66486.00 110.60 13997 175.30 2160 16332.3

0

29728.70 35.46

22 Karli 85100.00 31900.00 25900.00 26600.00 102.48 1211 327.00 1538.00 30362.00 4.82

23 Vengurla 26159.00 23834.00 18836.00 19518.00 103.62 134 134.00 23700.00 0.56

24 Achara 28092.77 12290.88 9654.55 9962.79 103.19 34 259.50 414 707.50 11583.38 5.76

25 Terkhol 61483.48 22186.47 11291.32 13804.04 122.25 618 618.00 21568.47 2.79

26 Tillari 70331.11 22659.33 15740.52 18149.04 115.30 4100.4 351.75 4452.15 18207.18 19.65

27 Mahadayi 7700.00 3000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

28 Mumbai

Island

60340.00 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.

A.

N.A. N.A. N.A.

Total 3125740.12 1222645.74 627616.35 973791.2 155.16 74414.0 1629.5 5211.1 17973

.5

0.0 99228.2 918244.45 11.41

Note- The fig. for irrigated area as per status report for 2015-16 is 0.88 lac ha.


116

Annexure 4.8

Region wise Source of Irrigation

S.No. Type of source Area in

Ha.(Lakhs)

Percentage

Konkan

1 canal 0.74 74.00

2 lift 0.02 2.00

3 micro irri./ others 0.05 5.00

4 well 0.18 18.00

5 Tube well 0 0.00

Total 1.00 100.00




117

Annexure 4.9

Sub-basin wise Average Yield per Ha in Quintal

Sr.

No.

Sub basin Paddy Nagli Groundnut Oil

Seeds

Pulses Sugar

cane

Other Mango Cashwnut

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1 Ambika 30.00 23.50

2 Auranga 30.00

3 Nar-Par 19.77 303.10

4 Daman 4.60 99.00

5 Streams

Between

D and V

23.80

6 Vaitarana 24.25 18.54 99.60 40.00

7 Ullhas 24.50

8 Patalganga

9 Amba 27.93 4.21 22.60 5.46 129.30 84.60

10 Kundalika 8.80 121.0

0

0.07 225.40 49.30

11 Mhasala 33.35 20.47

12 Savitri 41.16

13 Bharaja 29.00 11.50 5.50 4.50 20.00 10.00

14 Vashishti 29.00 11.00 5.50 6.50 15.00 10.00

15 Shastri 11.50 5.50 6.50 15.00 10.00

16 Kajvi 27.00 10.50 30.00 20.00

17 Muchkundi 19.77 11.50 5.50 6.50

18 Kodavali 29.00 11.00 5.50 6.50

19 Waghotan 31.78 15.80 22.60 12.00 15.00 600.00 258.00 93.80

20 Devgad 31.78 15.80 22.60 12.00 15.00 600.00 258.00 938.00

21 Gad 31.78 15.80 22.60 12.00 15.00 900.00 255.00 85.00

22 Karli 32.24 15.80 22.60 12.00 15.00 900.00 279.00 103.50

23 Vengurla 9.12 18.60 10.00 8.50 750.00 75.00 32.00

24 Achara 30.68 15.80 22.60 12.00 15.00 900.00 285.30 103.50

25 Terekhol 18.43 16.30 12.50 600.00 27.00 14.00

26 Tilari 22.00 9.00 22.00 120.00 50.00

27 Mahadayi N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A

28 Mumbai

Island

N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A.

27.57 15.55 22.03 9.09 18.07 540.90 0.07 129.82 104.01




118

No. Sub basin Coconut Rice Ragi K

Maiz

Other

Kh.

Cereals

Varai Tur Udid Other Other

Pulses

1 2 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

1 Ambika 15.20 4.10 12.00 8.00 4.25

2 Auranga 15.40 4.10 12.00 8.00 4.25

3 Nar-Par 4.25 4.42

4 Daman 24.33 10.53 50.74 4.48 4.30 5.60 7.24 4.89

5 Streams

Between

D and V

188.20 74.87 5.44 22.31 5.75

6 Vaitarana 152.60 0.00 6.07 6.64 6.72

7 Ullhas 20.34 7.05 5.30 7.50 6.36 0.00 4.10

8 Patalganga

9 Amba 43.01

10 Kundalika 82.75

11 Mhasala 126.40 32.50 48.10

12 Savitri 41.80 27.00 19.40 6.00 52.20

13 Bharaja 8.45

14 Vashishti 95.00 9.50

15 Shastri 95.00 27.00 8.50

16 Kajvi 6.50

17 Muchkundi 105.00 8.50

18 Kodavali 105.00

19 Waghotan 80.60

20 Devgad 80.60

21 Gad 88.00

22 Karli 90.70

23 Vengurla 75.00

24 Achara 90.70

25 Terekhol 55.40 32.50

26 Tilari

27 Mahadayi N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A

28 Mumbai

Island

N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A.

89.12 29.90 6.45 23.54 6.03 4.30 8.47 16.68 3.36 4.91




119

Sr.

No.

Sub basin Kh

Groundnut

Sesamum Karala Gram Mung Wal Chavali

1 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

1 Ambika 7.45 7.00 2.50

2 Auranga 7.45 7.00

3 Nar-Par 4.95 32.83 6.85

4 Daman 15.50 3.10 9.48 15.48

5 Streams Between

D and V.

3.12 14.95 13.60

6 Vaitarana 2.00 2.00 8.03 8.56 8.72 7.50

7 Ullhas 8.00 5.80

8 Patalganga

9 Amba

10 Kundalika

11 Mhasala 7.80

12 Savitri 20.50 37.80

13 Bharaja

14 Vashishti

15 Shastri

16 Kajvi

17 Muchkundi

18 Kodavali

19 Waghotan

20 Devgad

21 Gad

22 Karli

23 Vengurla

24 Achara

25 Terekhol

26 Tilari


28 Mumbai Island N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A.

10.61 2.74 2.00 12.47 12.83 11.16 7.50




120

Sr. No. Sub basin Banana Sapota Custerd

apple

K.lime Guava Other Fruits Cereals Soyabe

an

Nigger

1 2 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37

1 Ambika 6.24 3.00

2 Auranga 6.24 3.00

3 Nar-Par 210.00 30.00 30.00 600.00 14.76

4 Daman 21.63 3.25

5 Streams

between

D and V.

414.00 92.70

6 Vaitarana 258.50 75.90 37.30 39.90 114.40 52.80

7 Ullhas 175.20 44.50 37.50 39.90 48.80 39.00 6.50 4.70

8 Patalganga

9 Amba

10 Kundalika 802.00 134.40 17.50 8.00 50.70 55.00

11 Mhasala 45.00 13.50 0.80 0.96

12 Savitri 990.00 195.50 8.00 84.00

13 Bharaja

14 Vashishti

15 Shastri

16 Kajvi

17 Muchkundi

18 Kodavali

19 Waghotan

20 Devgad

21 Gad

22 Karli

23 Vengurla

24 Achara

25 Terekhol 288.50

26 Tilari 2750.00

27 Mahadayi N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A

28 Mumbai

Island

N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A.

699.74 201.79 55.22 29.27 137.12 36.94 84.00 6.50 12.22 3.49




121

Sr.

No.

Sub basin R.

Jowar

Wheat Other

Ruby

Pulses

Su

Groundnut

Aracanut Grape Other Rabi

cereals

1 2 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

1 Ambika 7.00 9.00 6.10

2 Auranga 6.00 9.00 6.10

3 Nar-Par 12.20 61.47 568.00

4 Daman 7.88 18.62 4.88 2.84

5 Streams Between

D and V

6.60 6.00

6 Vaitarana

7 Ullhas 5.50

8 Patalganga

9 Amba

10 Kundalika 36.70

11 Mhasala

12 Savitri

13 Bharaja

14 Vashishti

15 Shastri

16 Kajvi

17 Muchkundi 35.00

18 Kodavali 35.00

19 Waghotan

20 Devgad

21 Gad

22 Karli

23 Vengurla

24 Achara

25 Terekhol

26 Tilari 100.00



8.27 24.52 5.77 6.10 42.54 568.00 2.84




122

Annexure 4.10

Sub-basin wise Crop Production in Tones

Sr. No. Sub basin

Paddy

Nagli

Groundnut

Oil Seeds

Pulses

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 Ambika 0 0 0 0 0

2 Auranga 0 0 0 0 0

3 Nar-Par 0 0 0 0 0

4 Daman 134852 7522 0 0 0

5 Streams between D and V. 17243 690 0 0 0

6 Vaitarana 0 0 0 0 0

7 Ullhas 31806 0 0 15 276

8 Patalganga 0 39 295 2 34

9 Amba 0 0 0 0 0

10 Kundalika 0 0 0 0 0

11 Mhasala 55297 632 452 120 750

12 Savitri 0 646 0 90 53

13 Bharaja 329 27 55 0 0

14 Vashishti 0 0 0 0 0

15 Shastri 55277 373 0 0 0

16 Kajvi 3908 0 0 0 0

17 Muchkundi 0 0 0 1 0

18 Kodavali 0 6 0 0 0

19 Waghotan 0 0 0 0 0

20 Devgad 11316 1008 0 10 644

21 Gad 78326 4746 0 87 694

22 Karli 14650 179 0 0 27

23 Vengurla 0 7606 0 94 672

24 Achara 101134 7548 0 0 1488

25 Terekhol 0 0 0 32 2612

26 Tilari 0 1813 0 0 0



504138 32835 802 451 7250




123

Sr. No. Sub basin

Sugar

cane

Other

Mango

Cashwnut

Coconut

1 2 8 9 10 11 12

1 Ambika 0 0 0 0 0

2 Auranga 30 0 0 0 0

3 Nar-Par 0 0 0 0 0

4 Daman 0 0 28356 543 21985


6 Vaitarana 30 0 776 0 0

7 Ullhas 0 0 0 0 2415

8 Patalganga 4125 0 26963 6374 2765

9 Amba 0 0 29866 0 0

10 Kundalika 0 0 76 0 376

11 Mhasala 600 0 15480 4690 1612

12 Savitri 5850 0 47279 46645 12694

13 Bharaja 0 0 812 473 0


15 Shastri 0 0 5623 31 0

16 Kajvi 0 0 0 0 0

17 Muchkundi 198 0 0 0 0

18 Kodavali 0 0 405 0 1385

19 Waghotan 0 0 0 0 0

20 Devgad 0 0 64894 21045 7664

21 Gad 0 0 16218 25388 10438

22 Karli 0 0 0 0 840

23 Vengurla 0 0 36894 10603 1091

24 Achara 0 0 106674 5460 625

25 Terekhol 0 0 0 0 1416

26 Tilari 0 0 0 0 1625



10833 0 380316 418647 70881




124

Sr. No. Sub basin

Rice

Ragi

K &R

Maiz

Other

Kh.

Cereals

Varai

Tur

1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18

1 Ambika 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 Auranga 3055 508 5 0 0 79

3 Nar-Par 536 0 0 0 0 0

4 Daman 0 0 0 0 0 976

5 Streams between D and V. 0 0 0 0 0 0

6 Vaitarana 1950 328 19 0 0 104

7 Ullhas 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 Patalganga 0 0 0 0 0 0

9 Amba 0 0 0 0 0 0

10 Kundalika 0 0 0 0 0 0

11 Mhasala 0 0 0 0 0 0

12 Savitri 0 0 0 0 0 0

13 Bharaja 0 0 0 0 0 0

14 Vashishti 0 0 0 0 0 0

15 Shastri 0 0 0 0 0 0

16 Kajvi 0 0 0 0 0 180

17 Muchkundi 55795 20695 4 732 1113 898

18 Kodavali 0 0 0 0 0 0

19 Waghotan 0 0 0 0 0 0

20 Devgad 0 0 0 0 0 0

21 Gad 0 0 0 189 0 0

22 Karli 0 0 0 0 0 0

23 Vengurla 0 0 0 0 0 0

24 Achara 0 0 0 0 0 0

25 Terekhol 0 0 0 0 0 0

26 Tilari 0 0 0 0 0 0



61336 21531 28 921 1113 2237




125

Sr. No. Sub basin

Black

Gram

(Udid )

Other

Other

Pulses

Kh

Groundnut

Sesamum

1 2 19 20 21 22 23

1 Ambika 0 0 0 0 0

2 Auranga 63 0 0 259 0

3 Nar-Par 525 0 0 0 0

4 Daman 707 511 0 0 32


6 Vaitarana 41 0 0 0 0

7 Ullhas 0 0 0 0 0

8 Patalganga 0 0 0 0 0

9 Amba 0 0 0 0 0


11 Mhasala 0 0 0 0 0

12 Savitri 0 0 0 0 0

13 Bharaja 0 0 0 0 0


15 Shastri 0 0 0 0 0

16 Kajvi 195 0 0 245 0

17 Muchkundi 1459 0 291 604 148

18 Kodavali 0 0 0 0 0

19 Waghotan 0 0 0 0 0

20 Devgad 0 0 0 0 0

21 Gad 0 0 0 0 0

22 Karli 0 0 0 0 0

23 Vengurla 0 0 0 0 0

24 Achara 0 0 0 0 0

25 Terekhol 0 0 0 0 0

26 Tilari 0 0 0 0 0



2990 511 291 1108 180




126

Sr. No. Sub basin Karala

Gram

Mung

Wal

Chavali

Banana

1 2 24 25 26 27 28 29

1 Ambika 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 Auranga 0 104 0 0 0 0

3 Nar-Par 0 0 0 0 0 0

4 Daman 111 938 185 912 14 2633


6 Vaitarana 0 105 8 0 0 0

7 Ullhas 0 0 0 0 0 0


9 Amba 0 0 0 0 0 0

10 Kundalika 0 0 0 0 0 0

11 Mhasala 0 0 0 0 0 0

12 Savitri 0 0 0 0 0 0

13 Bharaja 0 0 0 0 0 0

14 Vashishti 0 0 0 0 0 0

15 Shastri 0 0 0 0 0 0

16 Kajvi 0 10780 469 0 0 0

17 Muchkundi 0 1900 382 0 0 0

18 Kodavali 0 0 0 0 0 5770

19 Waghotan 0 0 0 0 0 0

20 Devgad 0 0 0 0 0 0

21 Gad 0 0 0 0 0 0

22 Karli 0 0 0 0 0 0

23 Vengurla 0 0 0 0 0 0

24 Achara 0 0 0 0 0 0

25 Terekhol 0 0 0 0 0 0

26 Tilari 0 0 0 0 0 0



111 13827 1044 912 14 8403




127

Sr. No. Sub basin

Sapota

Custerd

apple

K.lime

Guava

Other

fruits

Fruits

1 2 30 31 32 33 34 35

1 Ambika 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 Auranga 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 Nar-Par 0 0 0 0 0 0

4 Daman 29915 5 3 103 3521 0


6 Vaitarana 0 0 0 0 0 0

7 Ullhas 0 0 0 0 0 0


9 Amba 0 0 0 0 0 0

10 Kundalika 0 0 0 0 0 0

11 Mhasala 0 0 0 0 0 0

12 Savitri 0 0 0 0 0 0

13 Bharaja 0 0 0 0 0 0

14 Vashishti 0 0 0 0 0 0

15 Shastri 0 0 0 0 0 0

16 Kajvi 0 0 0 0 0 0

17 Muchkundi 0 0 0 0 0 0

18 Kodavali 0 0 0 0 0 0

19 Waghotan 0 0 0 0 0 0

20 Devgad 0 0 0 0 0 0

21 Gad 0 0 0 0 0 0

22 Karli 0 0 0 0 0 0

23 Vengurla 0 0 0 0 0 0

24 Achara 0 0 0 0 0 0

25 Terekhol 0 0 0 0 0 0

26 Tilari 0 0 0 0 0 0



29915 5 3 103 3521 0




128

Sr. No. Sub basin

Cereals

Soyabean

Nigger

R. Jowar

Wheat

Other

Ruby

Pulses

1 2 36 37 38 39 40 41

1 Ambika 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 Auranga 0 16 44 119 267 16

3 Nar-Par 0 0 0 0 0 0

4 Daman 0 0 0 0 0 0


6 Vaitarana 0 0 0 0 0 0

7 Ullhas 0 0 0 0 0 0


9 Amba 0 0 0 0 0 0

10 Kundalika 0 0 0 0 0 0

11 Mhasala 0 0 0 0 0 0

12 Savitri 0 0 0 0 0 0

13 Bharaja 0 0 0 0 0 0

14 Vashishti 0 0 0 0 0 0

15 Shastri 0 0 0 0 0 0

16 Kajvi 0 2179 0 1489 37787 0

17 Muchkundi 0 2 262 2 2059 279

18 Kodavali 0 0 0 0 0 0

19 Waghotan 0 0 0 0 0 0

20 Devgad 0 0 0 0 0 0

21 Gad 0 0 0 0 0 0

22 Karli 0 0 0 0 0 0

23 Vengurla 0 0 0 0 0 0

24 Achara 0 0 0 0 0 0

25 Terekhol 0 0 0 0 0 0

26 Tilari 0 0 0 0 0 0



0 2197 306 1610 40113 295




129

Sr.

No.

Sub basin

Summer

Groundnut

Aracanut

Grape

Pomegranate

Other

Rabbi

Cereals

Kharif

jowar

Total

1 2 42

1 Ambika 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 Auranga 0 0 0 0 0 0 4565

3 Nar-Par 0 0 0 0 0 0 1061

4 Daman 0 0 0 0 0 0 233824

5 Streams between D

and V.

0 0 0 0 0 0 319278

6 Vaitarana 0 0 0 0 0 0 3361

7 Ullhas 0 455 0 0 0 0 34967

8 Patalganga 0 0 0 0 0 0 40597

9 Amba 0 0 0 0 0 0 29866

10 Kundalika 0 0 0 0 0 0 452

11 Mhasala 0 0 0 0 0 0 79633

12 Savitri 0 0 0 0 0 0 113257

13 Bharaja 0 0 0 0 0 0 1696

14 Vashishti 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

15 Shastri 0 0 0 0 0 0 61304

16 Kajvi 0 0 0 0 0 0 57232

17 Muchkundi 0 0 0 0 182 0 87006

18 Kodavali 0 0 0 0 0 0 7566

19 Waghotan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

20 Devgad 0 0 0 0 0 0 106581

21 Gad 0 0 0 0 0 0 136086

22 Karli 0 0 0 0 0 0 15696

23 Vengurla 0 0 0 0 0 0 56960

24 Achara 0 0 0 0 0 0 222929

25 Terekhol 0 75 0 0 0 0 4135

26 Tilari 0 0 0 0 0 0 3438



0 530 0 0 182 0 1621490




130

Annexure 4.11

Agricultural Universities, Colleges, Research Stations & Extension Service centers

S.

N.

Konkan Region Agril. College Agril. School Agril.

Research

Station

Agril. Ext.

Training / poly

clinic

KVK

Unit no. Unit no. Unit no. Unit no. Unit no.

Present 2030 Present 2030 Present 2030 Present 2030 Present 2030

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1 Ambika 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 Auranga

3 Narpar 0 0

4 Damanganga 1

5 Streams between

D and V.

6 Vaitarna

7 Ulhas 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 1 0

8 Patalganga 1

9 Amba

10 Kundalika 3

11 Mhasala

12 Savitri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

13 Bharja 1

14 Vashishthi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

15 Shastri 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

16 Kajavi 1 1

17 Muchkundi 1

18 Kodavali 0 0

19 Waghotan

20 Devgad 2

21 Gad 1

22 Karli 2

23 Vengurla 2

24 Achara 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

25 Terkhol

26 Tillari

28 Mumbai Island 3 0 3 0 1

Total 8 0 18 2 2

Note :

1 One AgricultureUniversity : for 50 lakh hectare

2 One Agriculture research center : for 10 lakh hectare

3 One KrishiVidyan Kendra : for 10 lakh hectare

4 One KrishiVidyan Kendra, AgricultureCollege, Clinic & school are assumed for 1 lakh hectare each.


131

Annexure 4.12

Sub-basin wise Ultimate Irrigation Potential (* GIA means Gross Irrigated Area)

Sr.

no.

Sub basin Culti-vable

Area (ha)

Present*

Irri-

gated

area (ha)

Ultimate*

Irri-gation

Poten-

tial(ha)

% Irrigated area (ha) Gross cropped

area (ha)

(Including rainfed)

Cropping

intensity (%)

Water

used for

irrigation

Total water

available for

irrigation

Pre-sent 2030 Present 2030 Pre-

sent

2030 (Mm3) (Mm3)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

1 Ambika 3207.00 0.00 1788.00 0 100 3381.00 105.43 2.116 20.176

2 Auranga 4960.46 0.00 2766 0 100 5228.46 105.40 0.000 33.220

3 Narpar 34725.45 717.00 8985 7.98 92.02 36779.01 103.96 9.820 70.030

4 Damanganga 62065.60 2936.00 10773 27.25 72.75 54567.20 119.79 79.930 241.730

5 Streams

between D

and V.

20491.46 1967.60 2952.6 66.64 33.36 23387.44 200.00 18.830 29.426

6 Vaitarna 167205.78 3281.00 28089.83 11.68 88.32 73424.60 112.72 182.480 284.380

7 Ulhas 145101.00 2767.00 37966.00 7.29 92.71 103834.00 113.12 410.768 496.640

8 Patalganga 21837.09 487.00 15035 3.24 96.76 14178.50 106.50 80.820 98.692

9 Amba 29499.88 1296.00 2159 60.03 39.97 25411.57 112.57 27.873 45.585

10 Kundalika 31153.86 8653.00 11586 74.68 25.32 35377.99 474.47 200.256 200.256

11 Mhasala 18900.82 451.00 4235 10.65 89.35 10801.38 143.72 14.544 40.228

12 Savitri 60206.67 2152.00 13852 15.54 84.46 50883.77 382.83 33.838 136.387

13 Bharja 9580.00 658.00 1180 55.76 44.24 9117.00 101.32 15.582 15.582

14 Vashishthi 147003.77 3372.00 10825 31.15 68.85 34496.35 105.84 145.107 148.087

15 Shastri 162455.97 855.00 8362.00 10.22 89.78 213628.12 111.93 109.432 130.273

16 Kajavi 13358.46 249.00 764 32.59 67.41 13358.00 100.57 9.247 9.247

17 Muchkundi 30686.67 3293.00 3293 100 0 30686.67 100.99 51.830 51.830

18 Kodavali 31112.05 6988.00 15824.00 44.16 55.84 34496.35 105.84 98.139 103.144

19 Waghotan 55005.07 12159.00 18952 64.16 35.84 20253.95 101.52 147.602 147.602

20 Devgad 12157.00 2038.00 5364 37.99 62.01 25980.00 1.00 95.896 99.525




132

Sr.

no.

Sub basin Culti-vable

Area (ha)

Present*

Irri-

gated

area (ha)

Ultimate*

Irri-gation

Poten-

tial(ha)

% Irrigated area (ha) Gross cropped

area (ha)

(Including rainfed)

Cropping

intensity (%)

Water

used for

irrigation

Total water

available for

irrigation

Pre-sent 2030 Present 2030 Pre-

sent

2030 (Mm3) (Mm3)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

21 Gad 46061.00 13997.00 16084 87.02 12.98 66486.00 110.60 142.941 156.811

22 Karli 31900.00 1211.00 19075 6.35 93.65 26600.00 102.48 21.083 310.166

23 Vengurla 23834.00 134.00 134 100 0 19518.00 103.62 1.220 1.220

24 Achara 12290.88 34.00 1254.96 2.71 97.29 9962.79 103.19 7.858 10.568

25 Terkhol 22186.47 618.00 14254 4.34 95.66 13804.04 122.25 138.388 138.388

26 Tillari 22659.33 4100.40 26995.4 15.19 84.81 18149.04 115.30 575.198 611.810

27 Mhadayi N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A N . A

28 Mumbai

Island

N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N . A. N .

A.

N . A. N . A.

Total 1219645.74 74414.00 282548.79 33.72 66.28 973791.23 0.00 155.16 2620.80 3631.00


133

Annexure 4.13 Sub basin wise Demographic Details in WFRB

S.N. Sub-basin Village

(Nos)

Taluka

(Full/Part)

District (Full/

Part)

Urban Centre Present

Population Mun.

Cor.

Mun

Coun

(Population >

10,000)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

1 Ambika 33 1 1 0 0 0 20025

2 Auranga 48 1 1 0 1 0 51183

3 Narpar 187 3 1 0 0 3 188592

4 Damanganga 269 7 2 0 0 4 630797

5 Streams btwn D and V 256 3 1 0 2 0 2264000

6 Vaitarna 728 6 3 2 2 3 730828

7 Ulhas 998 17 5 4 2 0 6349000

8 Patalganga 497 9 4 2 2 3 4250402

9 Amba 334 7 2 0 0 0 232835

10 Kundalika 368 8 2 0 2 0 386465

11 Mhasala 289 5 1 0 0 3 146250

12 Savitri 648 13 4 0 5 0 451997

13 Bharja 91 2 1 0 0 1 60149

14 Vashishthi 558 8 3 0 0 3 605483

15 Shastri 522 8 4 0 2 1 623895

16 Kajavi 103 3 1 0 1 1 153067

17 Muchkundi 186 5 2 0 0 1 133471

18 Kodavali 165 3 2 0 0 1 108000

19 Waghotan 95 3 2 0 0 0 112718

20 Devgad 125 4 2 0 0 0 154652

21 Gad 192 6 2 0 2 0 45653

22 Karli 188 7 2 0 3 3 97101

23 Vengurla 127 3 1 0 2 3 33190

24 Achara 57 3 1 0 0 3 69188

25 Terkhol 88 5 2 0 0 1 143806

26 Tillari 74 3 2 0 0 1 62799

27 Mahadayi N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 0

28 Mumbai Island 0 4 2 1 0 0 12442376

Total 7226 9 26 35 30547922


134

Annexure 4.14

Sub basin wise Land Use in WFRB

Sr.

No.

Sub Basin Total

Geographical

Area

Permanent

Pasture

Misc.

Trees&

groves

Fallow

Land

Cultivable

Area

Total

Cultivated

Area

(2+3+4+5+6)

Forest Barren &

uncultivable.

Land

Under

Non- Agri

use

Culturable

Waste land

Total

Uncultivated

Area

(8+9+10+11)

1 Ambika 10636.47

229 0 257.47 3207 3693.47 6175.84 258 259.16 250 6943

2 Auranga 16764.75 238.01 0 349.51 4960.46 5547.98 10311.65 299.2 296.35 309.57 11216.77

3 Nar-Par 78222.71 241.96 180.16 1533.89 34725.45 36681.46 36160.09 1999.26 1718.96 1662.94 41541.25

4 Damanganga 150212.06 8661.32 753.11 4771.24 62065.6 76251.27 60306.09 10655.94 2344 654.76 73960.79

5 Streams Between

D and V 100421.13 4243.77 437.09 1443.13 20491.46 26615.45 45944.55 10925.14 7337.22 9598.77 73805.68

6 Vaitarana

7 Ulhas 380207.76 7037.36 1909.1 4882.62 167205.78 181034.86 159936.5 16338.25 7438.62 15459.51 199172.88

8 Patalganga 486562 14598 4922 20574 145101 185195 127824 48983 71256 53304 301367

9 Amba 83329.66 1055.45 8141 12328.56 21837.09 43362.1 22828.98 13996.22 1645.55 1496.81 39967.56

10 Kundalika 91479.05 543.2 1744.55 4133.48 29499.88 35921.11 26106.82 20356.01 3344.48 5750.63 55557.94

11 Mhasala 85836.25 440.53 1544.96 4326.32 31153.86 37465.67 24986.49 8120.55 7525.7 7737.84 48370.58

12 Savitri 66688.04 405.79 1495.35 20523.68 18900.82 41325.64 5953.41 8002.69 3413.09 7993.21 25362.4

13 Bharaja 213628.74 1168.13 612.89 59031.56 60206.67 121019.25 27032.47 34834.13 1950.11 28792.78 92609.49

14 Vashishti 33011 5412 0 6345 9580 21337 0 1288 541 9845 11674

15 Shastri 264193.14 0 0 13360.37 147003.77 160364.14 43394.19 0 13395.18 47039.63 103829

16 Kajvi 269737.42 0 0 28407.51 162455.97 190863.48 42433.78 0 13675.52 22764.64 78873.94

17 Muchkundi 55626.53 0 0 25756 13358.46 39114.46 6531.64 612.97 113.91 9253.55 16512.07




135

Sr.

No.

Sub Basin Total

Geographical

Area

Permanent

Pasture

Misc.

Trees&

groves

Fallow

Land

Cultivable

Area

Total

Cultivated

Area

(2+3+4+5+6)

Forest Barren &

uncultivable.

Land

Under

Non- Agri

use

Culturable

Waste land

Total

Uncultivated

Area

(8+9+10+11)

18 Kodawali 75441.26 0 0 10103.46 30686.67 40790.13 14106.09 0 5137.9 15407.14 34651.13

19 Waghotan 74847.75 0 0 6744.6 31112.05 37856.65 12892.63 0 4034.73 20063.74 36991.1

20 Devgad 129654.72 9474.01 684.75 8780.02 55005.07 73943.85 2482.46 8668.68 14525.97 30033.76 55710.87

21 Gad 74508.92 2.45 150.54 13823 12157 26132.99 1554 41625 1910.08 3286.85 48375.93

22 Karli 105261 6691 9749 12178 46061 74679 11196 8989 8423 1974 30582

23 Vengurla 85100 200 5500 9000 31900 46600 6000 19000 3300 10200 38500

24 Achara 28092.77

97.27 539.22 1797.31 12290.88 14724.68 1556.34 7823.46 1351.96 2636.33 13368.09

25 Terekhol 61483.48 3639.71 0 9322.07 22186.47 35148.25 12451.91 0 13883.32 0 26335.23

26 Tilari 70331.11 0 0 8037.45 22659.33 30696.78 28624.79 3360 7649.54 0 39634.33

27 Mahadayi 7700 0 0 1000 3000 4000 0 1000 1000 1700 3700

28 Mumbai Island 60340 0 0 0 0 0 14683.65 1626.177 30041.181 13988.759 60339.76733

Total 3185476.7

64781.96 38684.72 289248.25 1222645.7 1615360.7 752189.37 268846.68 227538.53 321541.22 1570115.797


136




137

5. River System

5.1. River System

West Flowing Rivers Basin consists of 28 major independent rivers originating in Western Ghats

or parts their off and flowing in westward direction for an average distance of 50 kms to meet the

Arabian Sea at various places along the west coast. It drains an area of 32383 sq kms which is

approximately 10 percent of area of Maharashtra state.

5.2. Details of WF River System in the Maharashtra State

Details of main rivers and distributaries in respective basins are given in the following table:

Table 5.1 : West Flowing Rivers System in the Maharashtra State

Sr.

No

Basin Name of

river

Length

in Km

Meeti

ng

Main

in Km

Catchmen

t Area in

Sq. Km

Name of

river

Length

in Km

Meeti

ng

Main

in Km

Catchme

nt Area

in Sq. Km

Region

/ Sub

Basin

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1 Ambika Ambika 164 109.13

2 Auranga 16 157.42

Man 17 Tan 16

3 Nar-Par 131 778.58

Nar 83 Par 131

4 Damanganga 90 1438

Madideghi 20 Shrimant 8

Roshni 22

Rayate 12.5

Val 58

Wagh 35

Lendi 21

Domihira 12.5

Hirvi 13.32

Sakartond 7.84

Dhamani 28.91

5 Streams btwn

D and V

1225.05

Banganga 13.62

Jhar 11.05

Gholwad 11

Jogsani 40.73

Kadawali 10.37

Parora 17.57

Gaunda 5.37

Valavu 11.58

Jununa 8.46

Dudh 7.7

Moor 14.38

Paneri 10.7




138

Sr.

No

Basin Name of

river

Length

in Km

Meeti

ng

Main

in Km

Catchmen

t Area in

Sq. Km

Name of

river

Length

in Km

Meeti

ng

Main

in Km

Catchme

nt Area

in Sq. Km

Region

/ Sub

Basin

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

6 Vaitarna 171 3503.86

Tansa 68 Surya 70

Deharji 48

Pinjal 61

7 Ulhas 145 3689.89

Bhatsa 75

Kalu 90

Kanvi 26

Shai 35

Barvi 40

Poshir 30

Shilar 26

Pej 22

Murbadi 41

8 Patalganga 54 1540.11

Balganga 32 Gadhi 28

Bhogeshwari 40 Kasadi 15

9 Amba 78.17 950.28

10 Kundalika 83.67 1074.01

11 Mhasala-

Chand

9 884.07

Janasi 8.5 Kund 7.2

12 Savitri 99 2214.99

13 Bharaja 50.37 283.08

14 Vashishti 74 2628.07

Vaitarni 31 Jagbudi 67

Jog 38

Dubi 26

Pimpali 24

15 Shastri 80 2735.69

Bav 67 Kapshi 48

Gad 47

16 Kajvi 69.45 548.94

17 Muchkundi 62 861.77

18 Kodavali 70.6 707.96

19 Waghotan 85.29 983.61

20 Devgad 67.57 688.27

21 Gad 80 1036.6

Kasal 30 Janavali 33

22 Karli 91 825.59

Hateri 12.4

Pitdhaval 16.9

23 Vengurla Mochemad-

Talvade

28 376.37

Kelus 15.5




139

Sr.

No

Basin Name of

river

Length

in Km

Meeti

ng

Main

in Km

Catchmen

t Area in

Sq. Km

Name of

river

Length

in Km

Meeti

ng

Main

in Km

Catchme

nt Area

in Sq. Km

Region

/ Sub

Basin

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Mandavi 13

Nanos-tirora 30

Navabag 13

24 Achara 65.44 250.23

25 Terekhol 69 620.39

26 Tillari 86 714.71

Simi 13.65 Kharadi 39.12

Potli 7.82 Deo

Nalla

4.64

Gorag 8.92 Palye 13

Kalane 33 Shiraval 12.5

Bhandara

Nalla

5.19

Shirange

Nalla

34.62

Yalpai 19.68

27 Mahadayi 77

28 Mumbai Mithi 15 603.40

Dahisar 12

Oshivara 7

Poisar 8

Total 31507.07

Source: Length of rivers and bed gradient as per report of 28 basins



WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT 140

5.3. Broad classification of West Flowing Basin -

These are 28 independent river basin morphological details of which are given in para 5.4

5.4. Morphological details of rivers

Table 5- 2: Morphological details of rivers

Sr.No. Name of River Length in km Average bed gradient

1 2 3 4

1 Ambika 164 1:156

2 Auranga 16 1:35

3 Nar-Par 131 1:85

4 Damanganga 90 1:96

5 Streams between D and V Valley 13.62 1:140

6 Vaitarna 171 1:171

7 Ulhas 145 1:175

8 Patalganga 54 1:65

9 Amba 78.17 1:95

10 Kundalika 83.67 1:102

11 Mhasala 9 1:150

12 Savitri 99 1:82

13 Bharaja 50.37 1:93

14 Vashishti 74 1:73

15 Shastri 80 1:84

16 Kajvi 69.45 1:100

17 Muchkundi 62 1:164

18 Kodavali 70.60 1:72

19 Waghotan 85.29 1:87

20 Devgad 67.57 1:73

21 Gad 80 1:102

22 Karli 91 1:116

23 Vengurla 28 1:231

24 Achara 65.44 1:515

25 Terekhol 69 1:78

26 Tilari 86 1:114

27 Mahadayi 20 1:36

28 Mumbai (Mithi) 17 1.200

Source: Length of rivers and bed gradient as per report of 28 sub basins.

5.5. List of sub basins classified for different purposes

As there are no linked basins in WFRB sub basin wise classification is not possible.

INTEGRATED STATE WATER PLAN FOR WFR BASIN IN MAHARA SHTRA VOLUME I: INTEGRATED PLAN



Map of Basin with rivers

Fig 5:1: River Map of WFRB







6. Surface & Ground Water Availability

6.1. Meteorological Setup

The catchment area of entire WFRB is 31507 sq.km which lies entirely in Maharashtra State. The

total area as per MRSAC is 33017 Sqkm. A note on measured goegraphical catchment area assumed for

hydrological studies and areas of basins given by MRSAC is given below. The differences between areas

are explained in the ensuing paragraphs.

Figure 6-1 WFR Basin Map

There are in all 108 standard rain gauges (SRG), 123 Autographic rain gauges (ARG), 26 Full

Climatological Stations (FCS) and 70 Gauge discharge sites (GDS) in WF basin maintained by HP, IMD,

Revenue, WRD etc.




6.2. Hydrometeorology

6.2.1. Rainfall Phenomena

6.2.1.1. Rain Gauge Network

The rain gauges are established and maintained by HP, WRD and IMD etc. Very strong and

widespread network of hydrological data collection has been established by Hydrology Project, Nashik

exclusively for hydrological studies. Out of these, 192 Standard Rain Gauges (SRG), 114 Autographic Rain

Gauges (ARG), 26 Full Climatological Station (FCS) and 70 Gauge Discharge Sites (GDS) existing in entire

WFR basin were established and maintained by Hydrology Project in the State as shown in table below.

Table 6.1: Basinwise Meteorological stations network of HP, Nashik

S. N. Name of Basin ARG SRG FCS GD

1 2 3 4 5 6

Nos Nos Nos Nos

1 GB 160 270 69 99

2 Tapi 35 48 13 41

3 Narmada - 3 - -

4 Krishna 31 128 45 54

5 West flowing Rivers 114 192 26 70

Total 340 641 153 264 Ref: Water Year Book 2012-2013-2014 , by Hydrology Project, WRD, Nashik

Data from 192 SRG, 114 ARG and 26 FCS were used in the analysis. The location (Latitude,

Longitude, Elevation), type, frequency of observation and data availability period for these rain gauge

stations was considered for analysis. Influencing area and its weightage for rain gauge stations was

worked out. The details of meteorological stations network are shown in Table 6.2 below.

Table No. 6.2 Meterological staions data used for West Flowing River Basins

Stations maintained by H.P. Raingauge Stations with IMD/ Revenue &

University

Raingauge stations with WRD

Standard

Raingauge

(SRG) nos.

Autograp

hic

Raingauge

(ARG) nos.

Full

climeto

logical

stations

(FCS)Nos

Gauge

discha

rge

sites

(GDS)

nos

Standard

Rain

gauge

(SRG)

nos.

Autograp

hic

Raingauge

(ARG) nos.

Full

climeto

logical

stations

(FCS)Nos

Gauge

discharge

sites

(GDS)

CWC nos.

Standard

Rain

gauge

(SRG) nos.

Autograp

hic

Raingauge

(ARG) nos.

Full

climetologic

al stations

(FCS)Nos

80 7 26 17 49 9 - 10 10 - -

Note: Thus total Standard Rain Gauges (SRG) 139, Autographic Rain Gauges (ARG)-16, Full Climatological

Stations (FCS)-26 and Gauge discharge sites (GDS)-27 of data used.

An exclusive meteorological set up was established under all 28 basins by World Bank aided

Hydrology Project. It is maintained, operated including data validation and compilation by Chief

Engineer, Hydrology Project, Nashik.

Uncommon Data of stations with long series data and unacceptable gaps is excluded.




6.2.2. Rainfall Pattern and Rainfall Distribution

The occurrence of water from atmosphere in WFRB is mainly in the form of rain, dew and rarely

in hails. It occurs from South-west monsoon mostly in June to September. For proper hydrological

assessments, the basins were further split up called as Groups, on the basis of long term series data

available for GDS & existing irrigation tanks.

6.2.2.1. Annual Rainfall

The rainfall data from rain gauge stations as compiled by Hydrology Project & other agencies has

been statistically analyzed and summarized for 28 basins. The maximum rainfall observed in the valley is

8624 mm at Mahabaleshwar in Vashisti basin and minimum rain fall obsreved is 697 mm at Harsul in

Damanganga basin. The weighted average rain fall for the valley is indicated in table 6.3 as mean rain

fall.

Table-6.3 : Annual observed station Rainfall in WFRB

Sr.

No. Name of valley

Max

mm Station

Min.

mm Station Mean

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 Ambika 6041.00 Saputara 804.90 Rundpur 1864.22

2 Auranga 3295.00 Bhilda 805.00 Rundpur 1957.68

3 Narpar 6041.00 Saputara 937.20 Bhilda 2016.35

4 Damanganga 4856.00 Trimbak 697.00 Harsul 2082.58

5 Vaitarna 3072.43 Nirgudpada 1850.51 Wanjole 2506.65

6 Streams between

D & V 3809.00 Kurze 1273.40 Dahanu 2282.72

7 Ulhas 8248.70 Bhimashankar 735.93 Khadawali 2911.59

8 Patalganga 6436.00 Matheran 843.52 Ransai 3070.78

9 Amba 6202.00 Khpoli 890.40 Alibag 3035.67

10 Kundalika 6192.00 Bhira 890.40 Alibag 3132.53

11 Mhasala 5124.00 Mhasala 1263.40 Murud 3030.2

12 Savitri 5892.50 Mahad 1284.40 Shrivardhan 3613.97

13 Bharja 5303.80 Latwan 1284.40 Shrivardhan 3652.45




Sr.

No. Name of valley

Max

mm Station

Min.

mm Station Mean

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

14 Vashishthi 8624.00 Mahabaleshwar 1533.20 Kolthare 4112.55

15 Shastri 6942.00 Devrukh 1433.00 Guhagar 4746.64

16 Muchkundi 7980.22 Prabhanvalli 1229.00 Pavas 2687.44

17 Kajavi 6942.00 Devrukh 1672.90 Ratnagiri 3756.52

18 Kodavali 7979.60 Yerdav 1512.80 Girye 3841.83

19 Waghotan 7077.00 Gaganbawda 1242.00 Gaganbawda 3574.46

20 Devgad 5040.60 Phondaghat 1424.06 Devgad 3126.58

21 Achara 1424.06 Devgad 5040.60 Phondaghat 3302.75

22 Gad 7653.80 Dajipur 1487.00 Malvan 3642.13

23 Karli 6326.38 Patgaon 1847.90 Malvan 3573.12

24 Vengurla 5111.00 Sawantwadi 1487.00 Malvan 3137.55

25 Terkhol 8405.00 Amboli 1414.45 Amboli 4227.19

26 Tillari 8133.97 Kankumbhi 1656.60 Patne 4242.33

27 Mahadayi 5129.53 Virdi 2957.32 Virdi 4013.84

28 Mumbai Island N.A Santacruze N.A Kurla 2422.00

Entire konkan 8624.00

697.00

3145.22

Source: Reports on Integrated Water Resource Development and Management of 28 basins of WFRB.

6.2.2.2. Temporal Distribution

Rainfall mainly occurs between June to October. Rest of the months are mostly dry. The

weighted average, minimum and maximum rainfall observed was 3145 mm, 2520 mm and 3941 mm

respectively.

6.2.2.3. Spatial Distribution

Rainfall recorded by rain gauges is a point observation. However, rainfall varies in space. This

space variation is accounted for by working out weighted average rainfall over the catchment either by

Thiessen polygon method.




6.2.2.4. Thiessen’s Polygon Method.

Thiessen’s polygons for each basin are drawn. The area influenced by every rain gauge

station/its weightage are considered. The average annual rainfall thus worked out for all 28 basins is

given in Table 6.4 below. The average annual rainfall entire WF basin works out to 3145 mm.

6.2.2.5. Isohytal Method

Isohyetal map is not drawn for WFRB area.

6.2.2.6. Special Features

(i) Stochasticity

In probability theory, a stochastic process, or sometimes random process (widely used) is a

collection of random variables, representing the evolution of some system of random values over time.

Thus stochasticity is a mathematical process followed analyzing the rainfall data. The annual rainfall

generally follows normal distribution as it is sum of random numbers with mean and standard deviation

as its derived basic parameter. The annual mean, 50%, 60%, 75%, 90% and 95 % dependable rainfall

over WF basin by Thiessen’s Polygoan method are 3145 mm, 3043 mm, 2983 mm, 2859 mm, 2629

and-----mm respectively (Table6.5).




148

Table No. 6.4 Valleywise Annual Rainfall Distribution

Name of valley Group of

watershed no.

Full or partial

watershed covers

no.

Weighted Annual

Rainfall (Thiesson

polygon ) in mm

Max

mm

Min

mm

Mean

mm

Standard

Sd.mm.

CV Annaul Rainfall

(Isohytes) in mm

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ambika 0 1 1864.22 3302.86 918.05 1864.22 587.6 32 -NA-

Auranga 1 0 1957.68 3269.4 931.8 1957.68 541.03 0.28

Narpar 0 2 2016.35 3134.22 1066.81 2016.35 524.09 0.26

Damanganga 9 0 2082.58 3192.36 1148.26 2082.58 474.49 0.23

Vaitarna 17 0 2506.65 3785.1 1795.46 2506.65 487.38 0.19

Streams

between D&V

3 0 2282.72 2920.01 1520.31 2282.72 428.55 0.19

Ulhas 11 0 2911.59 4541.47 1843.41 2911.59 572.64 0.2

Patalganga 4 1 3070.78 3880.77 2436.03 3070.78 373.68 0.12

Amba 1 1 3035.67 4266.91 1846.34 3035.67 566.17 0.19

Kundalika 2 0 3132.53 4122.56 1750.62 3132.53 597.6 0.19

Mhasala 1 1 3030.2 4182.58 1859.12 3030.2 568.44 0.19

Savitri 5 1 3613.97 4697.93 2573.89 3613.97 554.2 0.15

Bharja 1 0 3652.45 5032.12 2599.39 3652.45 609.43 0.17

Vashishthi 5 1 4112.55 5193.25 2865.88 4112.55 605.27 0.15

Shastri 7 2 4746.64 4873.59 2621.41 4746.64 593.5 0.16

Muchkundi 1 0 2687.44 3687.03 2142.82 2687.44 372.48 0.14

Kajavi 0 1 3756.52 5765.33 2270.75 3756.52 702.37 0.19

Kodavali 1 0 3841.83 4912.87 2691.19 3841.83 639.77 0.17

Waghotan 1 0 3574.46 4891.82 2545.98 3574.46 577.41 0.16

Devgad 2 0 3126.58 4095.81 2312.34 3126.58 392.33 0.13

Achara 1 0 3302.75 4302.91 2569.42 3302.75 418.18 0.13




149

Name of valley Group of

watershed no.

Full or partial

watershed covers

no.

Weighted Annual

Rainfall (Thiesson

polygon ) in mm

Max

mm

Min

mm

Mean

mm

Standard

Sd.mm.

CV Annaul Rainfall

(Isohytes) in mm

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Gad 1 0 3642.13 4649.25 2829.12 3642.13 457.16 0.13

Karli 1 0 3573.12 4717.63 2778.81 3573.12 488.01 0.14

Vengurla 1 0 3137.55 4328.76 2350.66 3137.55 482.28 0.19

Terkhol 1 0 4227.19 5266.89 2323.97 4227.19 522.16 0.12

Tillari 1 0 4242.33 5593.68 3186.36 4242.33 581.76 0.14

Mahadayi 0 0 4013.84 5129.53 2957.32 4013.84 -- --

Mumbai Island 2 0 2422 N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A

Entire konkan 80

11 3145.22 3941.27 2519.78 400.21 0.13

Source: Reports on Integrated Water Resource Development and Management of 28 sub-basins of WF basin.

Note: The standard deviation is a measure that is used to quantify the amount of variation of a set of data values. A low standard deviation indicates that

the data points tend to be close to the mean of the set, whereas a high standard deviation indicates that the data points are spread out over a wider

range of values.




Average annual precipitation; however, do not show the natural year-to-year variability of

rainfall that occurs. For this reason the coefficient of variation (CV), expressed as a percentage, is

worked out. The higher the CV, the more variable the year-to-year rainfall of a basin is. This statistic

considers deviations from averages by taking cognisance of whether the sub-basin has a high or low rain

fall; it can be used for relative comparisons of variability between one sub-basin and the next.

The CV of annual precipitation is an index of climatic risk, indicating a likelihood of fluctuations

in reservoir storage or crop yield from year to year. Agriculturally it is, perhaps, a more crucial statistic in

marginal areas than in either very dry areas, where farming practices have adapted to variability, or in

wet areas, where relatively lower inter-annual variabilities are generally expected.

Table 6-5: Valley wise Average Annual of rainfall

Name of valley Average Annual Rainfall

Mean

Rainfall in

mm

50%

mm

60%

mm

75%

mm

90%

mm

95% mm

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Ambika 1864.22 1677.85 1612.51 1469.42 1199.77 1141.71

Auranga 1957.68 1902.31 1798.44 1572.39 1292.56 1147.2

Narpar 2016.35 1937.39 1885.37 1647.08 1328.4 1275.85

Damanganga 2082.58 2153.09 1831.32 1643.05 1568.8 1452.77

Vaitarna 2506.65 2442.03 2312.92 2068.37 1910.99 1882.61

Streams between D and V 2282.72 2338.36 2184.05 1889.9 1605.24 1536.69

Ulhas 2911.59 2905.97 2784.61 2523.73 2152.17 2005.63

Patalganga 3070.78 3089.84 2994.97 3836.08 2513.27 2448.65

Amba 3035.65 2998.24 2894.25 2658.53 2261.95 2026.17

Kundalika 3132.53 3203 3060.13 2893.53 2125.72 1836.32

Mhasala 3030.2 3042.02 2891.53 2604.86 2185.5 2052.85

Savitri 3613.97 3613.05 3462.36 3307.65 2695.61 2614.51

Bharja 3652.45 3590.9 3543.18 3240.72 2764.98 2661.62

Vashishthi 4112.55 4031.48 3872.21 3764.15 3254.13 2957.99

Shastri 3746.64 3627.1 3553.7 3384.25 2951.89 2675.09




Name of valley Average Annual Rainfall

Mean

Rainfall in

mm

50%

mm

60%

mm

75%

mm

90%

mm

95% mm

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Muchkundi 2687.44 2669.75 2622.25 2406.34 2180.95 2415.1

Kajavi 3756.52 3756.1 3586.12 3309.46 2801.85 2647.39

Kodavali 3841.83 3837.4 3546.17 3349.49 2849.33 2705.78

Waghotan 3574.46 3562.94 3421.06 3181.78 2847.58 2674.99

Devgad 3126.58 3114.98 3047.05 2801.03 2640.5 2434.16

Achara 3302.75 3311.67 3139.12 2940.21 2840.52 2625.44

Gad 3643.13 3635.72 3568.17 3384.72 2918.99 2846.5

Karli 3573.12 3580.33 3441.72 3208.62 2913.85 2798.07

Vengurla 3137.55 3070.29 2880.85 2775.48 2554.29 2383.3

Terkhol 4227.19 4298.87 4183.69 3711.48 3417.04 3334.5

Tillari 4242.33 4265.81 4192.21 3712.15 3463.27 3235.84

Mhadayi 4013.84 4082.80 3966.46 3597.15 3141.73 3012.95

Mumbai Island 2422 N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A

Entire konkan 3145.22 3043.19 2983.33 2858.51 2629.04 -

(ii) Adequacy of Rain Gauge and river gauging network for hydrology

The minimum network density norms adopted (for rain gauge stations) by hydrology project in

the state (MW&IC report Volume-III, page 112) are:

Hilly area (1 per 260-390 km2),

Flat and arid area (1 per 520 km2) and

Heavy rainfall area (1 per 130 km2.).

Further as per World Meteorological Organization (WMO) standards, (Ref. MW&IC report

Volume-I, page 88) the number of automatic rain gauge stations should be at least 20% of the total

number of rain gauge stations. Requirement of FCS/GD stations considered is one per 2500 Km2. The

Total Geographic area (TGA) of the WF basin is 32383 sq.km. Out of this 22668 sq.km (about 70%) is

considered as hilly area spread in 28 basins.




Therefore, the simple requirement of rain gauge stations and river gauge stations is 143 and 12

as against available 153 and 27 (including 7 tanks) stations respectively. Thus meteorological network is

adequate from rain gauge point view where as it comfortably adequate (including tank gauge data) as

far as GDS are considered (Table 6.6).

Table -6.6 : Adequacy of Rain gauge Stations

Sub-Basin. Catchment

Area *

Available Required Adequacy (+/-)

SRG ARG FCS Total SRG ARG FCS SRG ARG FCS

Sq.km Nos Nos Nos Nos Nos Nos Nos Nos Nos Nos

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Ambika 109.13 3 2 0 5 1 1 1 2 1 -1

Auranga 157.42 4 3 0 7 1 1 1 3 2 -1

Narpar 778.58 4 1 0 5 3 1 1 1 0 -1

Damanganga 1438.00 8 0 0 8 6 2 1 2 -2 -1

Vaitarna 3503.86 23 1 3 27 14 3 2 9 -2 1

Streams

between D and

V

1225.05 3 0 0 3 5 1 1 -2 -1 -1

Ulhas 3689.89 18 1 3 22 15 3 2 3 -2 1

Patalganga 1540.11 10 3 2 15 6 2 1 4 1 1

Amba 950.28 4 1 2 7 4 1 1 0 0 1

Kundalika 1074.01 4 1 1 6 5 1 1 -1 0 0

Mhasala 884.07 5 0 0 5 4 1 1 1 -1 -1

Savitri 2214.99 11 2 1 14 9 2 1 2 0 0

Bharja 283.08 4 0 1 5 2 1 1 2 -1 0

Vashishthi 2628.07 10 0 0 10 11 3 2 -1 -3 -2

Shastri 2735.69 13 0 1 14 11 3 2 2 -3 -1

Muchkundi 861.77 11 1 1 13 4 1 1 7 0 0

Kajavi 548.94 3 0 1 4 3 1 1 0 -1 0

Kodavali 707.96 5 1 2 8 3 1 1 2 0 1

Waghotan 983.61 10 0 2 12 4 1 1 6 -1 1

Devgad 688.27 4 0 1 5 3 1 1 1 -1 0

Achara 250.23 3 0 0 3 1 1 1 2 -1 -1

Gad 1036.6 8 0 1 9 4 1 1 4 -1 0

Karli 825.59 9 0 2 11 4 1 1 5 -1 1

Vengurla 376.37 4 1 0 5 2 1 1 2 0 -1

Terkhol 620.39 5 1 0 6 3 1 1 2 0 -1

Tillari 714.7 8 0 1 9 3 1 1 5 -1 0

Mahadayi 77 1 0 1 2 1 1 1 0 -1 0

Mumbai Island 603.40 2 0 0 2 1 1 1 1 -1 -1

Entire konkan 31507.06 139 16 26 181 120 25 13 19 -9 13

* Hydrology Study Area

Notes: 1. (+Ve Adequate & -ve Inadequate)




(iii) Representativeness of Networks

Mean annual weighted average rainfall over the basin by Thiessen Polygon Method is 3145 mm

(variation < 5% is reasonable and acceptable) establishing the appropriate representativeness of the

network.

Figure -6.2: FCS station –Sukhsale

(iv) Ariability

The annual mean rainfall over Entire WF basin has mean, STD and CV as 3145 mm, 400 mm and

0.13 respectively.

(v) Meteorology

The WF basin experiences a tropical monsoon type of climate, similar to the state. The

important factor which influences the climate is the towering presence of the Eastern Ghats on the

eastern part of the basin, blocking the monsoon bearing winds coming from the Arabian Sea, thus

causing heavy rainfall. The climate becomes moderatly cold and less humid from November end. The

annual rainfall of the basin is 3145 mm (State 400 – 6000 mm) and occurs for 3–4 months in a year.

Maximum amount of rainfall occurs in the month of July, while the transition towards the colder climatic

conditions occurs in the month of November. The maximum and minimum temperature recorded in the

basin was 40.70oC and 14.37

oC respectively. Winter arrives in the month of November and persists till

February. The weather is generally pleasant with clear skies and cool gentle wind. The average annual

sunshine hours are 7 in the basin. The annual average humidity is 65.57 %. The wind velocity is more in

the month of June/July (Approx.5.24 kmph) and full in the months of Nov to Feb. The wind velocity

increases up to 54.65 kmph. The maximum wind velocity is observed due to Southwest monsoon.

Table -6.7: Cliamtalogical data of WFRB

Details Max. temp Min. temp R.Humidity Evaporation Windspeed Sunshine

0C 0C % mm Km/hr hr

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Max. 40.07 29.87 87.26 1439 54.65 N.A

Min. 27.65 14.37 45.88 1436 3.70 N.A

Mean 33.86 22.12 66.57 1437 29.18 N.A

Source: Reports on Integrated Water Resource Development and Management of 28 sub-basins of WF basin. N.A.:

Not available




The average evaporation in the WF basin is about 1437 mm (FCS stations Awalegaon from

Sindhudurg district and Sukhsale from Thane district), indicating moderate evaporation of surface water

in the storages.

6.2.3. Water Availability

Water resources are available both in the form of surface water and groundwater. The details of

the hydralogy studies in WFR basin are given below.

6.2.4. Surface Water

Surface water is available through flowing streams, rivers etc. This is used directly or through

constructed storages. Surface water flows are time variant as its main source is rainfall. The surface

flows are measured in terms of discharge and expressed as inflow volume of water over time.

(a) Inflow Data

Inflows in different sub-basin are measured both through river gauging stations and irrigation

tank storages.

i) River Gauging Station

There are in all 33 river gauging stations in 28 basins. Out of which 17 GD stations of HP and 10

GD stations of CWC data is used for RR correlations. In addition to this data of 7 tanks is considered for

RR correlations.

ii) Tank Table Data – Intercepted inflows in upstream projects :

There are no intercepting structures in the up stream of GD stations used for these studies.

(b) Inflows/Yields

i) River Inflow data

As WF basin is a set of independant basins, the hydrology worked out independently each of the

28 basins. The River Gauged data at different stations and the available tank gauged data in each basin

are used for establishing Rainfall Runoff relationships. The availbility of data is abstracted in Table 6.8




Table No. 6.8 River gauging & Tank Data used for analysis

Name of

valley

Groups R.G.

st.

used

Tank

Gauge

Data

used

Existing Completed Tanks Tank Inflow Data Available

Major Medium Minor Major Medium Minor

600-

250

ha

< 250 ha 600-

250

ha

< 250 ha

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Ambika 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Auranga 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Narpar 2 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0

Damanganga 9 2 0 0 0 6 10 0 0 0 0

Vaitarna 17 2 3 4 1 3 18 3 0 0 0

Streams

between D

and V

3 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 0

Ulhas 11 2 2 2 1 3 15 2 0 0 0

Patalganga 5 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0

Amba 2 2 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0

Kundalika 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0

Mhasala 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0

Savitri 6 2 0 0 0 4 5 0 0 0 0

Bharja 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0

Vashishthi 6 0 0 0 1 1 12 0 0 0 0

Shastri 9 1 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0

Muchkundi 1 1 0 0 0 3 5 0 0 0 0

Kajavi 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

Kodavali 1 2 0 0 1 3 3 0 0 0 0

Waghotan 1 2 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0

Devgad 2 1 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0

Achara 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0

Gad 1 1 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 0

Karli 1 2 0 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 0

Vengurla 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0

Terkhol 1 2 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0

Tillari 1 0 2 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 0

Mahadayi 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mumbai

Island

2 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0

Entire

konkan

91 27 7 8 8 28 151 7 0 0 0




(c) Runoff Modelling

Based on the rainfall runoff data for equal periods for entire monsoon or individual monsoon

months a linear regression equation was established for each valley.

Rainfall run-off co-relation is generally expressed in by a simple regression equation as

R = m*P ± C

Where,

R= Inflow from catchment in mm. P= Rainfall over the catchment in mm.

m= Slope of line

C= Intercept of the line




157

Table 6.9 sub basin wise Monthly / Monsoon / Annual Regreations Equations

Sr.

No.

Name of Valley Group of water sheds Nos R.G. st.

used

Tank gauge

Data used

GD Station /Tank

gauge Staion used for

deriving R.R. Relation

Anuual

Relation

Monsoon Relation

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Ambika WF-8 1 `1 0 Gadat GD -- June R=0.25697P-30.92

July R=0.83023P-324.60

Aug. R=0.47714P+69.13

Sept. R=0.80751P-19.35

Monsoon R=0.863P-688.20

2 Auranga WF-09 1 1 0 Bhevri -- June R=0.61052P-123.54

July R=0.88427P-300.18

Aug. R=0.94561P-167.09

Sept. R=0.7342P-11.70

Monsoon R=0.89368P-537.27991

3 Narpar WF-7, WF-8 2 1 0 Nani Vahil -- June R = 0.27764 P- 48.56

July R = 0.79357 P- 300.83

Aug. R = 0.61543 P + 26.81

Sept. R = 0.73749 P + 22.75

Monsoon R = 0.85452 P- 634.99636

4 Damanganga WF-3, WF-4, WF-5, WF-6 ,WF-7, WF-7A, WF-8A,

WF-9, WF-10

9 2 0 Nani Palsan -- June R = 0.4104 P-77.35

July R = 0.699 P-223.33

Aug. R = 0.6053 P + 0.765

Sept. R = 0.51997 P + 29.34

Monsoon R = 0.84877 P-656.65086

(r=0.80397)

Ozerkhed -- June R = 0.6438 P-185.94

July R = 0.8842 P-273.24

Aug. R = 0.8548 P- 61.46

Sept. R = 0.92451 P-51.862

Monsoon R = 0.89689 P-553.24010

(r=0.88307)

5 Vaitarna WF-1, WF-2, WF-24, WF-15, WF-23, WF-26,

WF-27, WF-28, WF-13,WF-14, WF-

16,WF17,WF-21, WF-25,

17 2 3 Durvesh GD R = 0.913 P-544.0476 (r=0.814)

Andhari GD R = 0.94 P-551.7204 (r=0.97)

Surya Dam R = 0.7554 P+15.5549

(r=0.8295)

Modaksagar Dam R =1.050 P-1019.1651 (r=0.86)

Upper Vaitarna R = 0.919 P-528.80 (r=0.91)




158

Sr.

No.


used

Tank gauge

Data used

GD Station /Tank



Anuual

Relation

Monsoon Relation

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

WF-20,WF-22, WF-18 Dam

6 Streams

between D and

V

WF-11, WF-12 WF-19 3

7 Ulhas WF-29 to 35,WF-37 to 39,WF-41

11 2 2 Badlapur R = 0.8244 P-518.4126

(r=0.871)

Khadavali R = 1.1380 P-1056.9244

(r=0.9212)

Barvi Dam R = 0.5733 P + 120.0242

(r=0.6286)

Bhatsa Dam R = 0.7890 P - 128.0288

(r=0.9366)

8 Patalganga WF-36,40,42,43,44 5

9 Amba WF-44, 45 2 2 0 Sudhagad (Pali) R = 0.7955 P - 278.7204

(r=0.6730)

Nagothane R = 0.7321 P + 30.2041

(r=0.6730)

10 Kundalika WF-46, 47 2

11 Mhasala WF 48,50 2

12 Savitri WF 49,50,51,52,53,54, 6 2 0 Kangule R = 0.7979 P -148.4708

(r=0.7784)

Mangaon R = 0.8737 P -84.3843

(r=0.8234)

13 Bharja WF 55 1

14 Vashishthi WF-56 to 61 6

15 Shastri WF-60,62 to 69 9 1 0 Kumbharkhani R =0.9222 P - 680.4461

(r=0.77846)

16 Muchkundi WF-70 1 1 0 Pawarwadi R =0.5907 P + 555.9361

(r=0.7197)




159

Sr.

No.


used

Tank gauge

Data used

GD Station /Tank



Anuual

Relation

Monsoon Relation

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

17 Kajavi WF-68 1 1 0 Anjanari R =0.9208 P -360.6012

(r=0.8252)

18 Kodavali WF-71 1 2 0 Raipatan R =1.2723 P -1674.5115

(r=0.9198)

Shembavne R =0.5249 P +904.60

(r=0.6457)

19 Waghotan WF 72 1 2 0 Kakewadi R =0.8328 P -590.82 (r=0.6807)

Sangulwadi R =0.5110P + 292.92 (r=0.68)

2 Devgad WF 73,WF 74 2 1 0 Lore R =0.8806 P -294.8838 (r=0.71)

21 Achara WF 75 1

22 Gad WF 76 1 1 0 Shivdav R =0.7976 P -133.6633

(r=0.72387)

23 Karli WF 77 1 2 0 Dukanwad R =0.9438 P -45.27 (r=0.74632)

Awalegaon R =0.9878 P -1084.9591

(r=0.76288)

24 Vengurla WF 78 1

25 Terkhol WF 79 1 2 0 Shirshinge R =05532 P -257.5514 (r=0.68)

Sarambala R =0.4573 P + 396.5897

(r=0.70206)

26 Tillari WF 80 1 0 2 Dhamne R =0.5563 P +493.1179

(r=0.76648)

Tillari

(Tillari IS Main

Dam)

R =0.9292 P -581.9042

(r=0.74067)

27 Mahadayi N.A.* 0 1 0 Virdi R=(0.85-12)

28 Mumbai Island N.A.* 2 Badlapur R = 0.8244 P-518.4126

(r=0.871)

Entire konkan 91 27 7

N.A.: Not Available

Source: Reports on Integrated Water Resource Development and Management of 28 basins of WFR basins.




Each basin wise R-R Models are developed and used further for estimation of present yield values. The

weighted average rainfalls for all these groups, worked out by Thiessen Polygon method are used for

estimating run offs for developement of longterm series. It is generaly expected that the series should

be longer than 35 years.

d) Post Monsoon Flow

The runoff from November to May is considered as post monsoon runoff. It is added in the

monsoon yields to get annual yield.

The non-monsoon yield is normaly calculated as certain perentage of monsoon yield. From the

obsrevations given in Table below it is seen that the minimum percentage varies from 0 to 0.01 where

as maximum percentage varies from 4 to 21 percent. As such the data is not reliable, hence post

monsoon flow is not considered in the annual yield.

Table 6-10: Post monsoon flow

Sr.

No.

Name of valley

Name of

River Gauge

Nos

% PM Flow Derived From

Max Min Mean

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 Kajvi Ajaneri

11.74 0 2.519

Observed G&D

Runoff

2 Ullhas Badlapur

14.53 0 4.91

3 Auranga Bhevri

0 8.81

4 Nar-Par Nanivahil

12.74 0.01 2.07

6 Ambica Gadat

6.73 0 3.46

7 Ambica Kudkas

4.01 0 1.16

8 Vaitarna Durvesh

21.37 0 1.51

9 Damanganga Ozerkhed

2.23 0 0.62

10 Amba Nagothane

0.76 0 0.06

11 Savitri Mangaon

4.36 0 0.35

Source: Reports on Integrated Water Resource Development and Management of 28 basins of WF basin.

Remarks: There is need to standardise the procedure of deriving the post monsoon flows.




6.2.4.1. Estimation of Yield

Present Estimation

Based on the time series of run off for each basin dependable yields are worked out as given

below.

Table 6.11 Basin wise Present Annual Yield arrived for WF Basin

Name of Valley C.A. in Sq. Kms Derived dependable yield in mcum

50% 60% 75% 90% 95% Average

Ambika 109.13 96.99 90.39 79.24 63.30 51.61 108.35

Auranga 157.42 168.00 154.66 129.22 89.49 83.58 157.92

Narpar 778.58 830.52 777.17 679.18 521.49 479.80 870.73

Damanganga 1438.00 1950.11 1753.60 1478.98 1371.54 1012.82 2053.36

Vaitarna 3503.86 6640.31 6090.25 5133.82 4311.89 4265.37 6772.84

Streams between D and V 1225.05 1948.90 1776.31 1447.31 1128.93 1052.25 1886.67

Ulhas 3689.89 8188.29 7287.41 6374.69 5017.73 3983.52 8020.90

Patalganga 1540.11 3524.03 3352.11 3181.83 2812.59 2717.31 3486.16

Amba 950.28 2001.65 1923.04 1744.85 1445.05 1266.81 2029.95

Kundalika 1074.01 3151.73 3037.23 2858.80 2242.86 1955.95 3116.99

Mhasala 884.07 2014.58 1908.42 1706.21 1410.39 1316.82 2006.24

Savitri 2214.99 6150.00 5698.08 5442.79 4399.64 4213.87 6061.75

Bharja 283.08 769.05 758.27 689.95 582.49 559.15 782.95

Vashishthi 2628.07 10013.40 9941.28 9544.56 8536.12 7745.01 10291.37

Shastri 2735.69 7289.16 7103.99 6676.47 5585.70 4887.37 7590.73

Muchkundi 861.77 2172.82 2128.70 1946.53 1836.11 1812.79 2159.55

Kajavi 548.94 1536.25 1514.44 1331.51 614.95 490.67 1553.28

Kodavali 707.96 2270.99 2008.68 1831.52 1381.00 1251.71 2275.00

Waghotan 983.61 2140.45 2065.86 1914.08 1723.45 1644.25 2154.13

Devgad 688.27 1259.27 1235.38 1148.85 1092.40 1019.82 1263.35

Achara 250.23 496.75 474.69 449.26 436.51 409.00 495.61

Gad 1036.60 2867.43 2811.58 2659.91 2274.85 2214.91 2872.73

Karli 825.59 2024.14 1911.09 1720.96 1480.60 1386.17 2018.26

Vengurla 376.37 733.12 662.69 623.52 541.28 477.71 758.13

Terkhol 620.39 1315.59 1276.05 1114.00 1012.95 984.61 1290.99

Tillari 714.70 2470.83 2216.83 2049.38 1750.31 1415.67 2368.57

Mahadayi 77.00 243.75 236.142 211.98 182.161 173.733 243.823

Mumbai Island 603.40 49.075* 0 49.075* 0 0 49.075*

Entire konkan 31507.06 74317.185 70194.342 64218.475 53845.781 48872.283 74739.408

Source: Reports on Integrated Water Resource Development and Management of 28 sub-basins of WFR basin.

*Note: For Mumbai Island Yield available for different depedabilities are given in table below. However there are no

sites on the island to harness water resources. There are 3 Lakes viz. Vihar, Tulsi and Pawai. Yield of Vihar and

Tulasi amounting to 49.075 Mcum is used for domestic purpose.




Name of Valley C.A. in Sq. Kms Derived dependable yield in mcum

50% 60% 75% 90% 95% Average

Mumbai Island 603.40 911 810 709 558 443 892

All these hydrology studies are vetted/ approved with suitable modifications by CE (H.P) Nasik

who is the competant authority. The studies are documented and kept in the custody of CE, WRD and

S. E. officeses under him.

Previous Estimation

The yields available in WFRB are estimated from time to time in the last 55 years since the

formation of state of Maharashtra. A compilation of the same including the present studies is given in

Table 6.12




Table 6.12 Comparision of Previous Estimation and Present Estmation of Yields

Sr.

No.

Name of Basin Maharashtra

Irrigation

Commission

1962

Konkan Irrigation High

Power Commission June

1981

Maharashtr

a Irrigation

Commission

June 1999

WFRB Master Plan

50% 60% 75% 90% 95% Average

1 Ambika 42469 - 3786 96.990 90.390 79.240 63.300 51.610 108.350

2 Auranga - 168.000 154.660 129.220 89.490 83.580 157.920

3 Narpar 1885 830.520 777.170 679.180 521.490 479.800 870.730

4 Damanganga 1950.110 1753.600 1478.980 1371.540 1012.820 2053.360

5 Vaitarna 4887 18128* 6640.310 6090.250 5133.820 4311.890 4265.370 6772.840

6 Streams

between D and V

2738 1948.9 1776.31 1447.31 1128.93 1052.25 1886.67

7 Ulhas 6472.22 8188.29 7287.41 6374.69 5017.73 3983.52 8020.9

8 Patalganga 1699.4 3524.03 3352.11 3181.83 2812.59 2717.31 3486.16

9 Amba 1179 13973** 2001.65 1923.04 1744.85 1445.05 1266.81 2029.95

10 Kundalika 1983 3151.73 3037.23 2858.8 2242.86 1955.95 3116.99

11 Mhasala 2411 2014.58 1908.42 1706.21 1410.39 1316.82 2006.24

12 Savitri 5786 6150 5698.08 5442.79 4399.64 4213.87 6061.75

13 Bharja 164 769.05 758.27 689.95 582.49 559.15 782.95

14 Vashishthi 6402.3 6433*** 10013.4 9941.28 9544.56 8536.12 7745.01 10291.37

15 Shastri 4496 9704 7289.16 7103.99 6676.47 5585.7 4887.37 7590.73

16 Muchkundi 1174 2172.82 2128.7 1946.53 1836.11 1812.79 2159.55

17 Kajavi 962 1536.25 1514.44 1331.51 614.95 490.67 1553.28




Sr.

No.

Name of Basin Maharashtra

Irrigation

Commission

1962

Konkan Irrigation High

Power Commission June

1981

Maharashtr

a Irrigation

Commission

June 1999

WFRB Master Plan

50% 60% 75% 90% 95% Average

18 Kodavali 981 2270.99 2008.68 1831.52 1381 1251.71 2275

19 Waghotan 1402 2140.45 2065.86 1914.08 1723.45 1644.25 2154.13

20 Devgad 589 5970 1259.27 1235.38 1148.85 1092.4 1019.82 1263.35

21 Achara 496.75 474.69 449.26 436.51 409 495.61

22 Gad 1542.2 2867.43 2811.58 2659.91 2274.85 2214.91 2872.73

23 Karli 1169 2024.14 1911.09 1720.96 1480.6 1386.17 2018.26

24 Vengurla 2585 733.12 662.69 623.52 541.28 477.71 758.13

25 Terkhol 1180 3717 1315.59 1276.05 1114 1012.95 984.61 1290.99

26 Tillari 1052 2470.83 2216.83 2049.38 1750.31 1415.67 2368.57

27 Mahadayi 243.75 236.142 211.98 182.161 173.733 243.823

28 Mumbai Island N.A. 49.075 49.075 49.075

Total 42469 52739.12 61711 74317.185 70194.342 64218.475 53845.781 48872.283 74739.408

* 521 Mm3 Tail race Water of Tata Project (Khopoli & Andhra) is included

** 680 Mm3 Water of Tata Hydro Project Mulshi is included

*** 1911 Mm3 Water of Koyna Tail race is included.




Yield rates

For simplicity and general use the corresponding yield rates of 28 sub-basins of WFR basin at

different dependability are worked out as given in Table 6.13.

Table 6.13 Annual Yield rates arrived for WFRB

Sr.

No.

Name of Valley C.A. in Sq.

Kms

Derived dependable yield in mcum per Sq. Kms

50% 60% 75% 90% 95% Average

1 Ambika 109.13 0.89 0.83 0.73 0.58 0.47 0.99

2 Auranga 157.42 1.07 0.98 0.82 0.57 0.53 1.00

3 Narpar 778.58 1.07 1.00 0.87 0.67 0.62 1.12

4 Damanganga 1438.00 1.36 1.22 1.03 0.95 0.70 1.43

5 Vaitarna 3503.86 1.90 1.74 1.47 1.23 1.22 1.93

6 Streams between D

and V

1225.05 1.59 1.45 1.18 0.92 0.86 1.54

7 Ulhas 3689.89 2.22 1.97 1.73 1.36 1.08 2.17

8 Patalganga 1540.11 2.29 2.18 2.07 1.83 1.76 2.26

9 Amba 950.28 2.11 2.02 1.84 1.52 1.33 2.14

10 Kundalika 1074.01 2.93 2.83 2.66 2.09 1.82 2.90

11 Mhasala 884.07 2.28 2.16 1.93 1.60 1.49 2.27

12 Savitri 2214.99 2.78 2.57 2.46 1.99 1.90 2.74

13 Bharja 283.08 2.72 2.68 2.44 2.06 1.98 2.77

14 Vashishthi 2628.07 3.81 3.78 3.63 3.25 2.95 3.92

15 Shastri 2735.69 2.66 2.60 2.44 2.04 1.79 2.77

16 Muchkundi 861.77 2.52 2.47 2.26 2.13 2.10 2.51

17 Kajavi 548.94 2.80 2.76 2.43 1.12 0.89 2.83

18 Kodavali 707.96 3.21 2.84 2.59 1.95 1.77 3.21

19 Waghotan 983.61 2.18 2.10 1.95 1.75 1.67 2.19

20 Devgad 688.27 1.83 1.79 1.67 1.59 1.48 1.84

21 Achara 250.23 1.99 1.90 1.80 1.74 1.63 1.98

22 Gad 1036.60 2.77 2.71 2.57 2.19 2.14 2.77

23 Karli 825.59 2.45 2.31 2.08 1.79 1.68 2.44

24 Vengurla 376.37 1.95 1.76 1.66 1.44 1.27 2.01

25 Terkhol 620.39 2.12 2.06 1.80 1.63 1.59 2.08

26 Tillari 714.70 3.46 3.10 2.87 2.45 1.98 3.31

27 Mahadayi 77.00 3.17 3.07 2.75 2.37 2.26 3.17

28 Mumbai Island 603.40 0.06 0 0.06 0 0 0.06

Entire konkan 31507.06 2.36 2.27 2.04 1.74 1.58 2.37




6.2.4.2. Conclusion for entire WFR basin

It is seen from table 6.12 that the 75 % dependable yield varies from 42469 Mcum 61711 Mcum

in different studies. It is also seen that the earlier studies were based on in sufficient data and the yield

estimation have improved over the years. The yeilds calculated in 1999 and in the present study are

almost the same.

Secondly although all basins in WFRB are over abundant, a steady decrese in northernly

direction is apparent as observed from table 6.14. The anamalous specific yield for Vashisti and Kundlika

can be attributed to diversions from Krishna basin.

6.2.5. Ground Water availability

Groundwater is one of the most important natural resources on the earth. It plays important

role in maintenance of economy, environment and standard of living of any society in the state. In the

absence of immediate availability of surface-water sources, a large population depends upon

groundwater. It is equally important in a river basin management. It has been the primitie source of

water-supply for domestic, agriculture and industrial purposes. In WFRB the avilabilty of ground water

as compared to surface water is insignificant. However, under certain circumstances ground water alone

can be the prime source for water needs of a community and its estimation is necessarry.

Groundwater Scenario in the basin

Due to predominance of lateritic rocks especially in sourthern regions of WF basin and less

actual surface irrigation ground water availbility is less.

The Groundwater Assessment carried out by Groundwater Surveys & Development Agency

(GSDA) and CGWB, in the Year 2011-12, watershed-wise recharge and annual gross groundwater draft

and groundwater availability.

As per this assessment, total net annual groundwater recharge is 2263.51 Mm3 and net annual

groundwater availability (70%) is 1584.457 Mm3. Annual gross groundwater draft from irrigation- wells,

domestic-wells and bore-wells is 322.81 Mm3. The allocation for domestic and industrial water-supply

needs to be kept reserved based on projected population of year 2025. The remaining quantum of

1897.39 Mm3 is available for future-use.




Table 6.14 Groundwater Assessment (GEC-97) – 2011-2012 for the sub-basins of WFR Basin. Without

70%.

Source : Dynamic Groundwater Resources of Maharashtra 2011-12

Note: Current darft of Ambika, Nar-Par, Damanganga and Bharja basins are updated as requirement of Drinking water of MJP/ZP from Ground Water is more than GSDA’s draft of 2011.

Sr. No. Sub-basin No. of

water-

sheds

Geo-

graphical

Area Km2 *

Net

Recharge

Draft in Groundwater

reserved for

drinking and

Industries. Mm3

Futue Use in

Mm3

(6-7)

No. of new

Addl. wells

for

irrigation Mm3 Mm3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 Ambika 1 106.36 15.06 0.94 0.21 13.91 928

2 Auranga 1 102.56 19.85 2.52 1.40 15.93 1062

3 Narpar 2 579.85 101.93 7.09 1.51 93.33 6222

4 Damanganga 9 854.29 160.33 12.96 3.05 144.32 9622

5 Vaitarna 17 2184.78 324.87 23.23 0.00 301.64 20110

6 Streams

between D and V

3 681.23 68.55 26.58 0.00 41.97 2798

7 Ulhas 11 2288.31 264.99 27.44 0.00 237.55 15838

8 Patalganga 5 2393.32 202.94 23.81 0.00 179.13 11942

9 Amba 2 433.14 61.906 7.14 4.34 50.43 3362

10 Kundalika 2 929.75 109.11 11.59 0.00 97.52 6502

11 Mhasala 2 465.79 66.94 19.33 0.00 47.61 3174

12 Savitri 6 1126.94 163.1 15.57 9.81 137.72 9182

13 Bharja 1 166 16.86 1.89 0.54 14.43 962

14 Vashishthi 6 1538.19 134.73 12.98 6.16 115.59 7706

15 Shastri 9 2629.24 172.95 24.04 9.54 139.37 9292

16 Muchkundi 1 859.87 45.28 4.87 2.83 37.58 2506

17 Kajavi 1 570.96 21.43 3.17 1.57 16.69 1114

18 Kodavali 1 716.58 42.28 3.74 2.35 36.19 2414

19 Waghotan 1 983.61 43.13 13.13 0.00 30.00 2000

20 Devgad 2 688.27 39.19 12.87 0.00 26.32 1756

21 Achara 1 250.33 10.36 3.27 0.00 7.09 474

22 Gad 1 1025.51 72.51 19.96 0.00 52.55 3504

23 Karli 1 863.51 50.99 25.09 0.00 25.90 1728

24 Vengurla 1 342 26.91 10.89 0.00 16.02 1068

25 Terkhol 1 709.69 21.57 6.47 0.00 15.10 1008

26 Tillari 1 465.85 5.744 2.24 0.00 3.50 234

27 Mahadayi 0 77 0 0 0 0.00 0

28 Mumbai Island 2 603.40 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. Entire konkan 91 24636.33 2263.51 322.81 43.31 1897.39 126508




Ground Water availability

Assessment of Groundwater availability is prepared on watershed as a unit jointly by GSDA,

CGWB and NABARD in the State.

Table 6.15: Sub-basin annual yield rates arrived for WFRB

Sr. No Sub basin Watershed Catchment area Recharge Draft Groundwater

reserved for

drinking and

Industries.

Mm3

Future

irrigation

GSDA MRSAC

Based on GSDA area

Sq.Kms. Sq.Kms. Ha-m Ha-m Ha-m Ha-m

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 Ambika 1 106.36 106.36 1506 94 21 1391

2 Auranga 1 102.56 167.64 1985 252 140 1593

3 Narpar 2 579.85 768.98 10193 709 151 9333

4 Damanganga 9 854.29 1505.64 16033 1296 305 14432

5 Vaitarna 17 2184.78 3943.78 32487 2323 0 30164

6 Streams

between D

and V

3 681.23 1127.6 6855 2658 0 4197

7 Ulhas 11 2288.31 4332.69 26499 2744 0 23755

8 Patalganga 5 2393.32 1667.48 20294 2381 0 17913

9 Amba 2 433.14 1134.49 6190.6 714 434 5042.6

10 Kundalika 2 929.75 1059.82 10911 1159 0 9752

11 Mhasala 2 465.79 934.16 6694 1933 0 4761

12 Savitri 6 1126.94 2263.68 16310 1557 981 13772

13 Bharja 1 166 279.45 1686 189 54 1443

14 Vashishthi 6 1538.19 2671.01 13473 1298 616 11559




Sr. No Sub basin Watershed Catchment area Recharge Draft Groundwater

reserved for

drinking and

Industries.

Mm3

Future

irrigation

GSDA MRSAC

Based on GSDA area

Sq.Kms. Sq.Kms. Ha-m Ha-m Ha-m Ha-m

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

15 Shastri 9 2629.24 2697.37 17295 2404 954 13937

16 Muchkundi 1 859.87 867.81 4528 487 283 3758

17 Kajavi 1 570.96 548.94 2143 317 157 1669

18 Kodavali 1 716.58 695.84 4228 374 235 3619

19 Waghotan 1 983.61 996.21 4313 1313 0 3000

20 Devgad 2 688.27 731.42 3919 1287 0 2632

21 Achara 1 250.33 254.56 1036 327 0 709

22 Gad 1 1025.51 1046.33 7251 1996 0 5255

23 Karli 1 863.51 812.65 5099 2509 0 2590

24 Vengurla 1 342 456.57 2691 1089 0 1602

25 Terkhol 1 709.69 624.74 2157 647 0 1510

26 Tillari 1 465.85 641.61 574.4 224 0 350.4

27 Mahadayi N.A. 77 77 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

28 Mumbai

Island

2 603.40 603.40 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Entire konkan 91 24636.33 33017.23 226351 32281 4331 189739

Ref: Groundwater assessment by GSDA-2011 and *MRSAC report.

However, in view of ‘safe’ groundwater withdrawal only 70% of net groundwater should

be utilized so as to avoid any undesired effect on groundwater potential. As such, utilizable annual

groundwater availability would be 1218.337 Mm3 for future. There is a scope to construct 81235

additional wells in future assuming average yield of 0.015 Mm3 per year.




Table 6.16 : Groundwater Assessment (GEC-97) – 2011-2012 for the sub-basins of WFR Basin - with 70%

Source: Dynamic Groundwater Resources of Maharashtra 2011-12

In Mumbai Island including sub urban areas like Andheri, Malad and Goregaon utilisation of

ground water is being done by dug well and bore wells. The availabiliti of ground water below 60 meters

is found to be ample but there are physical constraints for its distributions. For the effective inclusion of

GW in overall water planning such sources should be linked to the local distribution systems. Presently

the water transport is done by water tanks. Hence GW contribution is not considered in the present

planning. Possibility of pollution and salinity are other reasons.

Sr.

No.

Sub-basin No. of

water-

sheds

Geo-

graphical

Area Km2

*

Net

Recharge

70% of net

groundwater

recharge

Mm3

Draft

in

Groundwater

reserved for

drinking and

Industries.

Mm3

Futue

Use in

Mm3

(6-7)

No. of

new Addl.

wells for

irrigation

Mm3 Mm3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Ambika 1 106.36 15.06 10.542 0.94 0.21 9.392 627

2 Auranga 1 102.56 19.85 13.895 2.52 1.40 9.975 665

3 Narpar 2 579.85 101.93 71.351 7.09 1.51 62.751 4184

4 Damanganga 9 854.29 160.33 112.231 12.96 3.05 96.221 6415

5 Vaitarna 17 2184.78 324.87 227.409 23.23 0.00 204.179 13612

6 Streams between

D and V

3 681.23 68.55 47.985 26.58 0.00 21.405 1427

7 Ulhas 11 2288.31 264.99 185.493 27.44 0.00 158.053 10537

8 Patalganga 5 2393.32 202.94 142.058 23.81 0.00 118.248 7884

9 Amba 2 433.14 61.906 43.3342 7.14 4.34 31.8542 2124

10 Kundalika 2 929.75 109.11 76.377 11.59 0.00 64.787 4320

11 Mhasala 2 465.79 66.94 46.858 19.33 0.00 27.528 1836

12 Savitri 6 1126.94 163.1 114.17 15.57 9.81 88.79 5920

13 Bharja 1 166.00 16.86 11.802 1.89 0.54 9.372 625

14 Vashishthi 6 1538.19 134.73 94.311 12.98 6.16 75.171 5012

15 Shastri 9 2629.24 172.95 121.065 24.04 9.54 87.485 5833

16 Muchkundi 1 859.87 45.28 31.696 4.87 2.83 23.996 1600

17 Kajavi 1 570.96 21.43 15.001 3.17 1.57 10.261 685

18 Kodavali 1 716.58 42.28 29.596 3.74 2.35 23.506 1568

19 Waghotan 1 983.61 43.13 30.191 13.13 0.00 17.061 1138

20 Devgad 2 688.27 39.19 27.433 12.87 0.00 14.563 971

21 Achara 1 250.33 10.36 7.252 3.27 0.00 3.982 266

22 Gad 1 1025.51 72.51 50.757 19.96 0.00 30.797 2054

23 Karli 1 863.51 50.99 35.693 25.09 0.00 10.603 707

24 Vengurla 1 342.00 26.91 18.837 10.89 0.00 7.947 530

25 Terkhol 1 709.69 21.57 15.099 6.47 0.00 8.629 576

26 Tillari 1 465.85 5.744 4.0208 2.24 0.00 1.7808 119

27 Mahadayi 0 77.00 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 28 Mumbai Island 2 603.40 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Entire konkan 91 24633.33 2263.51 1584.457 322.81 43.31 1218.337 81235




Groundwater Availability

For estimation of groundwater availability in the basin, 70% of net groundwater availability

could also be considered available for extraction, in view of ‘safe’ groundwater withdrawal. Some

groundwater is retained in rock naturally and cannot be available for extraction. As such, groundwater

availability estimated would be as below.

Table 6.17: Groundwater Availability for the basin

Sr. No. Part iculars. Groundwater Available.

Without 70% With 70%

1 Net groundwater availability. 2263.51 2263.51

2 Safe groundwater availability. (70%) - 1584.457

3 Groundwater draft. 322.81 322.81

4 Groundwater reserved for drinking and Industries. 43.31 43.31

5 Groundwater for use – Irrigation. 1897.39 1218.337

6 New feasible irrigation-wells. (0.015 Mm3/well) 126508 81235

7 Area that can be irrigated (2 Ha per Well). 253016 162470

Source:- Groundwater Assessment, (GEC) 2011-12

Data on Well Statistics

There are 32637 irrigation-wells as per the Groundwater Assessment Data of the Year 2011-12.

The average well density is 1 well per Sq.Km. The maximum well density is 5 wells / Sq.Km. in Mhasala

basin and minimum well density 1 well / sq.Km. is observed in Shastri, Kodavali,Waghotan, Kajavi,

Muchkundi, Vaishishti, Bharja, Tillari etc.

All 91 watersheds are in ‘Safe’ category and water-table trend is rising, both in monsoon and

non-monsoon seasons indicating good scope for development of groundwater. The average stage of

groundwater development of WFR basin is 23 %.




Table 6.18 : CategorizaWon of watersheds in WFRB

Sr.

No.

Sub-basins in the

Region

No. of safe

water-

sheds

No. of semi-

critical water-

sheds

No. of

critical

water-sheds

No. of over-

exploited

water-sheds

Total No.

of water-

sheds.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 Ambika 1 0 0 0 1

2 Auranga 1 0 0 0 1

3 Narpar 2 0 0 0 2

4 Damanganga 9 0 0 0 9

5 Vaitarna 17 0 0 0 17

6 Streams between D

and V

3 0 0 0 3

7 Ulhas 11 0 0 0 11

8 Patalganga 5 0 0 0 5

9 Amba 2 0 0 0 2


11 Mhasala 2 0 0 0 2

12 Savitri 6 0 0 0 6

13 Bharja 1 0 0 0 1

14 Vashishthi 6 0 0 0 6

15 Shastri 9 0 0 0 9

16 Muchkundi 1 0 0 0 1

17 Kajavi 1 0 0 0 1

18 Kodavali 1 0 0 0 1

19 Waghotan 1 0 0 0 1

20 Devgad 2 0 0 0 2

21 Achara 1 0 0 0 1

22 Gad 1 0 0 0 1

23 Karli 1 0 0 0 1

24 Vengurla 1 0 0 0 1

25 Terkhol 1 0 0 0 1

26 Tillari 1 0 0 0 1

27 Mahadayi 0 0 0 0 0

28 Mumbai Island 2 0 0 0 2

Entire konkan 91 0 0 0 91

Source: Dynamic Groundwater Resources of Maharashtra 2011-12

Stage of groundwater development and categorization of units.




The stage of Groundwater Development:

Stage of Groundwater = Existing Gross Groundwater Draft for all Uses x 100

Development (%) Net Annual Groundwater Availability.

Categorization of Groundwater

Sr. No. Stage of Groundwater Development Category

1 less than 70% Safe

2 between 70 to 90% Semi Critical

3 between 90 To 100% Critical

4 more than 100% Over-exploited

Hydrograph Network Stations.

No hydrograph networking is being done currently in WFRB.

Hydro-geological Maps.

The hydro-geological maps of Pre-monsoon depth to water level and post monsoon depth to

water level, pre-monsoon water table contour map, post monsoon water table contour, water level

fluctuation of long term and short term have been prepared on the basis of pre-monsoon and post-

monsoon water-level data (Year 2008) from the observation-wells for 28 sub basins of WFR basin. They

are annexed in each sub basin report. The hydrogeological maps pre-monsoon depth to water level, pre

monsoon water table contour map and water level fluctuation map of Middle WFR sub basin are

annexed as a model for WFR basin and to get an idea about the groundwater conditions.

Interpretation of Hydro-geological maps:

The hydro-geological conditions in the sub-basin of WFR basin, which emerge from the

interpretation of these maps, are described below.

The depth to water level maps of pre and post monsoon provide information about

groundwater withdrawal from groundwater structures in the areas. It is observed that groundwater

ridge and groundwater trough are formed due to local recharge or discharge and due to heavy pumping

from the wells.

The water table contour maps of pre and post monsoon indicate that the groundwater contour

is closely spaced area is having poor recharge and transmisivity of aquifer indicating hard rock and

impervious in nature. The water table contour widely spaced indicate that permeable aquifers revealing

moderate good groundwater potential. Groundwater trough reflecting heavy extraction of groundwater.

The water table contour maps and helps in locating feasible sites and also to decide the dimension of

the wells and water level below the ground. The water table countor maps prov ides the information

about the flow directions.




A water table fluctuation map indicates the groundwater potential of area. The seasonal

fluctuation and long-term fluctuation provides the information about permeability of underlying flows

which in turn reflects good to moderate groundwater potential. The water level fluctuation high close to

watershed boundaries and high topographic elevation. The high fluctuation is indicating that the

groundwater potential is poor, moderate fluctuation indicates the groundwater potential of the area is

moderate. The low fluctuation indicates the high groundwater potential. The fluctuation may be

calculated in the same calendar year or two different calendar years.

Groundwater recharge and discharge

Out of the total geographic area of 33017 sq.km. of the WFR basin, the groundwater recharge

worthy are is 24033 sq.km. (75 % of the basin area). The major contribution to the groundwater

recharge takes place from direct precipitation only. Percolation from surface water bodies, influent

seepage from streams, return flow from surface water and groundwater irrigation are the indirect

agents of groundwater recharge and not significant currently.

Discharge of groundwater takes place through extraction of water from irrigation, domestic and

other wells, effluent seepage from the major rivers, natural spring and evapotranspiration. The streams

are effluent near their origin and further away down side they become influent. The current draft is also

less.

As per the observations in WFRB, the recharge components are rainfall 84.1 %, canal seepage

0.2%, return flow from surface irrigation 12 %, return flow from GW irrigation 2.1%, tank & ponds 1.16%

and water conservation structures 0.51 %. No separate figures are available for WFRB. The recharge

from surface and GW irrigation accounts for 15% of the total recharge.

Fig: 6.3: Groundwater Recharge Components of WFRB




While the micro-irrigation is being advocated strongly for increasing the productivity and

irrigation potential, this recharge component will get reduced. Further the state has decided to stop

construction of canals to restrict indiscriminate use of water for cash crops like sugarcane and banana,

and to increase the State’s irrigation potential. The State’s nearly one-lakh kilometres canal network in

WFR basin is now likely to be converted into a pipeline to aid irrigation and encourage farmers to adopt

drip irrigation for better yield. This will further reduce the groundwater recharge component from canal

seepage. Therefore, the thrust will have to be given to complete watershed development. Watershed

development program is completed in 30% of the area of the basin.

Possibility of Groundwater Recharge

As surface availaibility is predominant artificial measures to recharge ground Water in WFRB is not

adopted.

Sand mining affecting groundwater recharge.

Unscrupulous emptying of the river beds besides the main river, tributaries and streams/rivulets

are being ravaged for sands continuously unabated at few hundred locations in WFR basin. Rules and

regulations as per the sand mining policy of GOM must be strictly fallowed to ensure river morphology

and river flows (Sand Mining Policy by GOM dated 12.03.2013). Sand is vital for sustenance of rivers. It

acts like a sponge which helps in recharging the water table. If sand and gravel are extracted in

quantities higher than the capacity of the river to replenish them, it leads to changes in its channel form

and physical habitats affecting the river ecosystem. Progressive depletion in the water table in the river

is accompanied by sinking water table in the nearby areas adversely affecting people’s livelihood. The

immediate effect of sand mining is to deplete bank storage which contributes to stream runoff in

immediate post monsoon season. This also affects the discharge wells near the riparian zone. However,

the recharge from river flow to groundwater away from riparian zone occurs only in case of influent

streams. In the basin, the streams are mostly effluent in nature.

Groundwater provinces

An area is characterized by general similarity in mode of occurrence distribution and movement

of the groundwater. The basin has been divided in to 5 groundwater provinces.

1. Pre-cambrian metamorphic groundwater provinces

Consists of hard compact rock highly weathered jointed fracture the secondary porosity has

been developed. The groundwater occurrence in the weathered jointed fracture rock under unconfined,

semi confined and confined conditions. The yield of the dug well ranges between 52 to 80 M3 per day.

The fluctuation ranges between 2 to 8 meters. The wells located on a lineament / shear zones yield

ranges from 100 to 180 M3 / per day.

2. Protorozoic sedimentary groundwater provinces:

Rock consists of lime stone, sand stone and shale. The groundwater occuring weathered jointed

and fracture zones. The groundwater occurs under unconfined, semi confined and confined conditions.

The depth of the wells 5 to 15 meters. SWL ranges between 2 to 7 meters. Diameter ranges 3 to 5

meters. Yield varies 50 to 100 m3/day.




3. Gondwana groundwtaer provinces:

The groundwater occurs in weathered jointed fracture block faulting of lime stone, sand stone

and shale. The groundwater structures are in the form of dug well, tube well and bore wells. The depth

of dug well ranges from 10 to 20 meters, water level ranges from 1 to 8 meters. The yield of the tube

well ranges between 100 to 300 M3 per day.

4. Deccan Trap volconic groundwater provinces:

Heterozenetic and isotraphic conditions no primary porosity being hard compac in nature. The

groundwater occurs in weathered jointed fracture rock. The groundwater occurs in unconfined in dug

wells, semi confined in dug-cum-bore wells and in confined condition in bore wells and deep bore wells.

The depth of the wells ranges between 10 to 25 meters. Diameter ranges from 4 to 8 m. Water level

ranges from 3 to 7 m. The yield of the well ranges 25 to 100 M3 per day in winter. The yield of the bore

wells ranges from 12 m3 to 72 m3.

5. Alluvial groundwater provinces:

The alluvial deposits are encountered on the bank of WFR and its major tributaries. It consists

of boulder, pebeles, sand and clay. The clay percentage is more in the WFR alluvial areas. It is observed

that local shallow alluvium in 11 villages Upper WFR sub basin (Gangapur taluka of Aurangabad district)

and in 11 villages in Lendi sub basin (Deglur taluka in Nanded district) is productive and the groundwater

occurs in shallow aquifer. The depth of the dug wells ranges between 15 to 25 Meters. The yield of the

dug well ranges from 100 to 150 m3/day. The yield of the shallow tube well ranges from 150 to 180

m3/day. The chemical quality of groundwater is generally potable.

Ground water monitoring and estimation in WFRB is essential not as a primary source but as a

secondary source for Irrigation purposes. However even to this limited extent it serves as a user-friendly

source as compared to surface water utilization which has a complex distribution system.

6.3. Tribunal award

There is no case of declared award by any tribunal in WFRB. Hence the relevant statistics in

tables no. 6.14, 6.15, 6.16, 6.17 (As Per WFR Serial numbers for Tribunal Award) and other information

can not be given for WFRB.

6.4. Water availability

The total availability in the basin is worked out by adding ground water availability given in table

6.16 to surface water availabilty given table 6.11. The total availabilty thus worked out is presented in

table given below.




Table No. 6.19 Classification of sub-basins based on water availability Sr.

No.

Sub Basin Culturable

Area

Natural

surface water

available

Water

allocation as

per Tribunal

Ground water

70% of Net

GW

Total Class Total Class

Ha. Mm3 Mm

3 Mm

3 m

3/ha m

3/ha

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (4+6)/3 8 9 (5+6)/3 10

1 Ambika 3207 79.24 79.24 10.542 27996 A 27996 A

2 Auranga 4960.46 129.22 129.22 13.895 28851 A 28851 A

3 Narpar 34725.45 679.18 679.18 71.351 21613 A 21613 A

4 Damanganga 62065.6 1478.98 1478.98 112.231 25638 A 25638 A

5 Vaitarna 167205.78 5133.82 5133.82 227.409 32064 A 32064 A

6 Streams between

D and V 20491.46 1447.31 1447.31 47.985 72972 A 72972 A

7 Ulhas 145101 6374.69 6374.69 185.493 45211 A 45211 A

8 Patalganga 21837 3181.83 3181.83 142.058 152214 A 152214 A

9 Amba 29499 1744.85 1744.85 43.3342 60618 A 60618 A

10 Kundalika 31153.86 2858.8 2858.8 76.377 94216 A 94216 A

11 Mhasala 18900.82 1706.21 1706.21 46.858 92751 A 92751 A

12 Savitri 60206.67 5442.79 5442.79 114.17 92298 A 92298 A

13 Bharja 15925.00 689.95 689.95 11.802 44066 A 44066 A

14 Vashishthi 163283.00 9544.56 9544.56 94.311 59032 A 59032 A

15 Shastri 190863.50 6676.47 6676.47 121.065 35615 A 35615 A

16 Muchkundi 51723.00 1946.53 1946.53 31.696 38247 A 38247 A

17 Kajavi 35414.51 1331.51 1331.51 15.001 38021 A 38021 A

18 Kodavali 32593.39 1831.52 1831.52 29.596 57101 A 57101 A

19 Waghotan 63785.09 1914.08 1914.08 30.191 30482 A 30482 A

20 Devgad 25980.00 1148.85 1148.85 27.433 45276 A 45276 A

21 Achara 14088.19 449.26 449.26 7.252 32404 A 32404 A

22 Gad 46061.00 2659.91 2659.91 50.757 58850 A 58850 A

23 Karli 40900.00 1720.96 1720.96 35.693 42950 A 42950 A

24 Vengurla 23834.00 623.52 623.52 18.837 26951 A 26951 A

25 Terkhol 31508.54 1114 1114 15.099 35835 A 35835 A

26 Tillari 22659.33 2049.38 2049.38 4.0208 90621 A 90621 A

27 Mahadayi 4600.00 211.98 211.98 0 46083 A 46083 A

28 Mumbai Island

49.075 49.075

A

A

Entire konkan 1362572.65 64218.475 64218.475 1584.46 48257 A 48257 A

Ref: Groundwater assessment by GSDA-2011




Table 6.20: Classification of sub-basins according to water availability

Sr.No. Category Valleys based on natural availability Nos.

1 2 3 4

1 Highly Deficit<1500 --

2 Deficit<1500 to 3000 --

3 Normal 3000 to 8000 --

4 Surplus 8000 to

12000

--

5 Abundant >12000 Ambika, Auranga, Narpar, Damanganga,

Streams between Damandanga and

Vaitarna Valley, Vaitarna, Ulhas,

Patalganga, Amba, Kundalika, Savitri,

Mhasala, Bharja, Vashishthi, Shastri,

Muchkundi, Kajavi, Kodavali, Waghotan,

Devgad, Gad, Karli, Vengurla, Achara,

Terkhol, Tillari, Mahadayi, Mumbai Island

28

Note: The Classification is based on area as reported in the sub-basin Reports.




7. Water Resources Development

7.1. Surface Irrigation:

7.1.1. Preamble:

Need of Water Resources Project

Water is one of the principal resources essential for human existence and it is required for

various purposes such as drinking and domestic water needs, agriculture, industry, hydro and thermal

power generation, survival of environment and many others. Availability of water in WFR Basin in

Maharashtra, for the most part, is from the monsoon rainfall available from June to October which is

slightly unevenly distributed over both space and time, whereas water demand for above purposes,

excepting for the agriculture to a certain extent, is mostly evenly distributed over both space and time.

The scenario dictates need of development of water resources.

Classification of Projects

The rationale behind a Water Resources Development Project could be multifaceted. It could

serve one or more sectors described here in above. Amongst this irrigation is the leading sector

consuming about 75% of the water used though these projects as perceived from the domestic scenario.

Irrigation involves application of external water to crops, in present, mostly by flow through open

channel systems. Lift irrigation is provided for lands at higher elevation where irrigation under gravity is

not possible.

The projects are categorized as Major, Medium, and Minor (MI1, MI2 and MI3) based on

Irrigation Command Areas as per following table 7.1:

Table 7.1: Project Categorisation

Sr. No. Category ICA (Ha)

1 2 3

1 Major Above 10,000 ha

2 Medium Between 2,001 to 10,000 ha

3 Minor Irrigation-1 Between 251 to 2,000 ha

4 Minor Irrigation-2 Between 101 to 250 ha

5 Minor Irrigation-3 Between 1 to 100 ha




Interstate Aspect

In WFR basin following rivers are interstate i.e. flowing through two or more states. Ambika,

Auranga, Narpar, Damanganga, Streams between Damanganga and Vaitarna, Terekhol, Tilari and

Mahadayi are all interstate rivers. However, except Mahadayi none of the States and have evoked the

provisions of interstate rivers disputes act 1956. In case of Tillari river adjoining state of Goa and

Maharashtra have jointly constructed an interstate project with a mutual agreement to share water.

Likewisein Damanganga state of Gujarat and Maharashtra have resolved the issue of the distribution

amicably. Discussions regarding Narpar, Auranga and Ambika rivers are ensued. Only in case of

Mahadayi state of Goa has approached to the Supreme Court and a Tribunal is set up in 2010 to decide

upon distribution issues between the states of Goa, Karnataka and Maharashtra. The Award is awaited.

Thus, there is no direct bearing of any Tribunal Award in planning of water in WFRB.The effect of

KWDT Award has resulted in confirming the quantities of water of east ward diversions by Koyna and

Tata Hydro Electric Projects. All these issues have been addressed in the present planning exercise.

Water Resources Development Planning

Water Resources Development Planning for each basin is based upon theoverall available water

resources in the basin, present scenario and future needs to obtain the optimal utilization of available

water resources.

7.1.2. Flow Irrigation

Flow irrigation is an open channel hydraulic system starting from reservoirs and comprising

conveyance system- canals and branches distribution network - leading to outlets for field application,

and field channels and turn out points beyond the outlets.

7.1.2.1. Water Availability

Water potential in various basins in WFRB in Maharashtra has been estimated as described in

Chapter 6 “Hydrology (Surface)” specifically devoted to the objective. This has been vetted and

approved by the Chief Engineer, Hydrology Project, Nasik, the Apex Agency designated by Maharashtra

WRD.

The water potential in a sub basin is decided from the estimates for 75%, 50% dependability and

average yield volumes. The relevant specifics are as follows:

Storages capacity of a reservoir of a major or medium project conforms to 75%dependable

yield.

Storages capacity of a reservoir of a medium project and a minor irrigation project conforms to

50% dependable yield

The process used is more or less compliant to the hydrological principles.




7.1.2.2. Present Scenario

Surface Water Based Irrigation

This sub paragraph describes the present status of surface water intersections in various basins.

The details presented include number of projects in different categories, their designed live storage

capacity and irrigation potential. This information can also be comprehended status wise, completed or

ongoing. All 28 basins included in the exercise have been covered duly. The information regarding

realization of storage and irrigation potential is enclosed in separate booklets for each basin. These 28

booklets shall be treated as Appendix to Volume I of ISWP.

The specifics for 28 basins in WFR Basin in Maharashtra are summarized in following table 7.2:

Table 7.2: Status of Irrigation Projects

Sr.No. Basin Project Status Total

Project Category & Attribute Completed Ongoing

1 2 3 4 5

1 AMBIKA

a)Major

i)No. 0 0 0

ii)Storage Mm3 0 0 0

iii) Irrigation Ha. 0 0 0

b)Medium

i)No. 0 0 0



c)Minor State

i)No. 0 1 1

ii)Storage Mm3 0 2.27 2.27

iii) Irrigation Ha. 0 266.00 266.00

d) (I)Minor LS

i)No. 0 4 4

ii)Storage Mm3 0.00 0.63 0.63

iii) Irrigation Ha. 0.00 120.00 120.00

Total

i)No. 0 5 5

ii)Storage Mm3 0.00 2.90 2.90


2 AURANGA

a)Major

i)No. 0 0 0



b)Medium

i)No. 0 0 0



c)Minor State





i)No. 0 0 0



d) (I)Minor LS

i)No. 0 9 9

ii)Storage Mm3 0.00 6.61 6.61


Total

i)No. 0 9 9

ii)Storage Mm3 0.00 6.61 6.61


3 NARPAR

a)Major

i)No. 0 0 0



b)Medium

i)No. 0 0 0



c)Minor State

i)No. 4 0 4

ii)Storage Mm3 10.03 0.00 10.03


d) (I)Minor LS

i)No. 63 26 89

ii)Storage Mm3 20.52 6.03 26.55


Total

i)No. 67 26 93

ii)Storage Mm3 30.55 6.03 36.58


4 DAMANGANGA

a)Major

i)No. 0 0 0



b)Medium

i)No. 0 0 0



c)Minor State

i)No. 14 3 17

ii)Storage Mm3 43.99 35.94 79.93






d) (I)Minor LS

i)No. 46 7 53

ii)Storage Mm3 10.50 11.66 22.16


Total

i)No. 60 10 70

ii)Storage Mm3 54.49 47.60 102.09


5 VAITARANA

a)Major

i)No. 0 1 1

ii)Storage Mm3 0.00 286.31 286.31


b)Medium

i)No. 1 0 1

ii)Storage Mm3 35.94 0.00 35.94


c)Minor State

i)No. 15 2 17

ii)Storage Mm3 34.46 12.86 47.32


d) Minor LS

i)No. 930 114 1044

ii)Storage Mm3 84.417 30.668 115.085


Total

i)No. 946 117 1063

ii)Storage Mm3 154.817 329.838 484.655


6 Streams bet. D & V

a)Major

i)No. 0 0 0



b)Medium

i)No. 0 0 0



c)Minor State

i)No. 2 0 2

ii)Storage Mm3 5.09 0.00 5.09


d) Minor LS

i)No. 3 1 4





ii)Storage Mm3 15.986 2.502 18.49

iii) Irrigation Ha. 1866 249.00 2115

Total

i)No. 5 1 6

ii)Storage Mm3 21.076 2.50 23.58


7 ULHAS

a)Major

i)No. 0 1 1

ii)Storage Mm3 0.00 1010.60 1010.60


b)Medium

i)No. 1 0 1



c)Minor State

i)No. 19 6 25

ii)Storage Mm3 50.056 133.55 183.60


d) (I)Minor LS

i)No. 526 96 622

ii)Storage Mm3 56.69 23.34 80.04


Total

i)No. 546 103 649

ii)Storage Mm3 106.75 1167.49 1274.24


8 PATALGANGA

a)Major

i)No. 0 0 0



b)Medium

i)No. 0 1 1

ii)Storage Mm3 0 144.98 144.98


c)Minor State

i)No. 11 0 11

ii)Storage Mm3 23.73 0 23.73

iii) Irrigation Ha. 2522.00 0 2522.00

d) (I)Minor LS

i)No. 12 1 13

ii)Storage Mm3 4.34 2.262 6.60


Total





i)No. 23 2 25

ii)Storage Mm3 28.06 147.24 175.31


9 AMBA

a)Major

i)No. 0 0 0



b)Medium

i)No. 1 0 1

ii)Storage Mm3 316.01 0 316.01


c)Minor State

i)No. 7 0 7

ii)Storage Mm3 17.41 0 17.41


d) (I)Minor LS

i)No. 13 5 18

ii)Storage Mm3 3.45 0.454 3.90


Total

i)No. 21 5 26

ii)Storage Mm3 336.868 0.454 337.32


10 KUNDALIKA

a)Major

i)No. 1 0 1

ii)Storage Mm3 211.13 0 211.13


b)Medium

i)No. 0 1 1

ii)Storage Mm3 0 47.47 47.47


c)Minor State

i)No. 2 1 3

ii)Storage Mm3 4.36 4.67 9.02


d) (I)Minor LS

i)No. 23 9 32

ii)Storage Mm3 4.17 9.76 13.93


Total

i)No. 26 11 37

ii)Storage Mm3 219.66 61.90 281.55






11 MHASALA

a)Major

i)No. 0 0 0



b)Medium

i)No. 0 0 0



c)Minor State

i)No. 6 2 8

ii)Storage Mm3 13.25 13.99 27.24


d) Minor LS

i)No. 3 8 11

ii)Storage Mm3 1.22 16.87 18.09


Total

i)No. 9 10 19

ii)Storage Mm3 14.48 30.86 45.33


12 SAVITRI

a)Major

i)No. 0 0 0



b)Medium

i)No. 0 0 0



c)Minor State

i)No. 11 3 14

ii)Storage Mm3 19.22 29.68 48.90


d) (I)Minor LS

i)No. 8 10 18

ii)Storage Mm3 4.74 13.76 18.50


Total

i)No. 19 13 32

ii)Storage Mm3 23.96 43.44 67.40


13 BHARAJA

a)Major





i)No. 0 0 0



b)Medium

i)No. 0 0 0



c)Minor State

i)No. 2 1 3

ii)Storage Mm3 9.56 7.57 17.13


d) Minor LS

i)No. 1 0 1

ii)Storage Mm3 1.55 0 1.55


Total

i)No. 3 1 4

ii)Storage Mm3 11.11 7.57 18.68


14 VASHISHTHI

a)Major

i)No. 0 0 0



b)Medium

i)No. 1 0 1

ii)Storage Mm3 27.23 0 27.23


c)Minor State

i)No. 16 4 20

ii)Storage Mm3 67.32 67.92 135.24


d) Minor LS

i)No. 1 14 15

ii)Storage Mm3 1.75 38.60 40.35


Total

i)No. 18 18 36

ii)Storage Mm3 96.30 106.52 202.82


15 SHASTRI

a)Major

i)No. 0 0 0







b)Medium

i)No. 0 1 1

ii)Storage Mm3 0 82.90 82.90


c)Minor State

i)No. 8 4 12

ii)Storage Mm3 17.09 43.84 60.92


d) Minor LS

i)No. 0 10 10

ii)Storage Mm3 0.00 19.81 19.81


Total

i)No. 8 15 23

ii)Storage Mm3 17.09 146.55 163.63


16 MUCHKUNDI

a)Major

i)No. 0 0 0



b)Medium

i)No. 0 0 0



c)Minor State

i)No. 6 2 8

ii)Storage Mm3 15.61 44.36 59.97


d) Minor LS

i)No. 1 8 9

ii)Storage Mm3 2.21 17.42 19.63


Total

i)No. 7 10 17

ii)Storage Mm3 17.82 61.78 79.60


17 KAJAVI

a)Major

i)No. 0 0 0



b)Medium

i)No. 0 0 0







c)Minor State

i)No. 2 1 3

ii)Storage Mm3 6.15 5.62 11.77


d) Minor LS

i)No. 0 0 0



Total

i)No. 2 1 3

ii)Storage Mm3 6.15 5.62 11.77


18 KODAVALI

a)Major

i)No. 0 0 0



b)Medium

i)No. 0 1 1

ii)Storage Mm3 0.00 72.56 72.56


c)Minor State

i)No. 5 2 7

ii)Storage Mm3 18.45 15.43 33.87


d) Minor LS

i)No. 1 3 4

ii)Storage Mm3 2.04 6.39 8.43


Total

i)No. 6 6 12

ii)Storage Mm3 20.49 94.38 114.87


19 WAGHOTAN

a)Major

i)No. 0 0 0



b)Medium

i)No. 0 3 3

ii)Storage Mm3 0 164.62 164.62


c)Minor State

i)No. 3 2 5





ii)Storage Mm3 4.556 14.48 19.04


d) Minor LS

i)No. 2 9 11

ii)Storage Mm3 6.29 19.526 25.81


Total

i)No. 5 14 19

ii)Storage Mm3 10.84 198.63 209.47


20 DEVGAD

a)Major

i)No. 0 0 0



b)Medium

i)No. 0 1 1

ii)Storage Mm3 0.00 98.02 98.02


c)Minor State

i)No. 4 1 5

ii)Storage Mm3 6.61 4.28 10.89


d) Minor LS

i)No. 0 1 1



Total

i)No. 4 3 7

ii)Storage Mm3 6.61 106.00 112.61


21 ACHARA

a)Major

i)No. 0 0 0



b)Medium

i)No. 0 0 0



c)Minor State

i)No. 0 1 1

ii)Storage Mm3 0.00 7.43 7.43


d) Minor LS





i)No. 0 1 1

ii)Storage Mm3 0.00 2.41 2.41


Total

i)No. 0 2 2

ii)Storage Mm3 0.00 9.84 9.84


22 GAD

a)Major

i)No. 0 0 0



b)Medium

i)No. 0 1 1

ii)Storage Mm3 0 121.78 121.78


c)Minor State

i)No. 5 2 7

ii)Storage Mm3 8.877 21.702 30.58


d) (I)Minor LS

i)No. 8 5 13

ii)Storage Mm3 11.4 14.955 26.36

iii) Irrigation Ha. 1007 686 1693.00

Total

i)No. 13 8 21

ii)Storage Mm3 20.28 158.44 178.71


23 KARLI

a)Major

i)No. 0 1 1

ii)Storage Mm3 0 285.63 285.63


b)Medium

i)No. 0 0 0



c)Minor State

i)No. 10 1 11

ii)Storage Mm3 22.586 3.66 26.24


d) (I)Minor LS

i)No. 1 1 2

ii)Storage Mm3 0.58 1.82 2.40






Total

i)No. 11 3 14

ii)Storage Mm3 23.17 291.11 314.27


24 VENGURLA

a)Major

i)No. 0 0 0



b)Medium

i)No. 0 0 0



c)Minor State

i)No. 1 0 1



d) (I)Minor LS

i)No. 47 1 48

ii)Storage Mm3 4.16 0.07 4.23


Total

i)No. 48 1 49

ii)Storage Mm3 5.49 0.07 5.56


25 TEREKHOL

a)Major

i)No. 0 0 0



b)Medium

i)No. 0 1 1

ii)Storage Mm3 0 93.396 93.40


c)Minor State

i)No. 5 1 6

ii)Storage Mm3 9.52 45.628 55.15


d) Minor LS

i)No. 0 4 4



Total

i)No. 5 6 11





ii)Storage Mm3 9.52 146.06 155.58


26 TILARI

a)Major

i)No. 1 1 2

ii)Storage Mm3 91.13 447.37 538.50


b)Medium

i)No. 0 0 0



c)Minor State

i)No. 1 0 1



d) Minor LS

i)No. 0 0 0

ii)Storage Mm3 0.00 0.00 0.00


Total

i)No. 2 1 3

ii)Storage Mm3 94.77 447.37 542.13


27 MAHADYI 0 0 0

a)Major

i)No. 0 0 0

ii)Storage Mm3 0.00 0.00 0.00


b)Medium

i)No. 0 0 0



c)Minor State

i)No. 0 1 1

ii)Storage Mm3 0.000 13.69 13.69


d) Minor LS

i)No. 0 0 0

ii)Storage Mm3 0.00 0.00 0.00


Total

i)No. 0 1 1

ii)Storage Mm3 0.00 13.69 13.69






28 Mumbai Island 0 0 0

a)Major

i)No. 0 0 0

ii)Storage Mm3 0.00 0.00 0.00


b)Medium

i)No. 0 0 0

ii)Storage Mm3 0.00 0.00 0.00


c)Minor State

i)No. 0 0 0

ii)Storage Mm3 0.00 0.00 0.00


d) Minor LS

i)No. 0 0 0

ii)Storage Mm3 0.00 0.00 0.00


Total

i)No. 0 0 0

ii)Storage Mm3 0.00 0.00 0.00


Total WFRB

a)Major

i)No. 2 4 6

ii)Storage Mm3 302.26 2029.91 2332.17


b)Medium

i)No. 4 10 14

ii)Storage Mm3 379.18 825.73 1204.91


c)Minor State

i)No. 159 41 200

ii)Storage Mm3 414.76 528.55 943.31


d) Minor LS

i)No. 1689 347 2036

ii)Storage Mm3 234.12 259.29 490.41


Grand Total

i)No. 1854 402 2256.00

ii)Storage Mm3 1330.33 3640.47 4970.80


The above list of Project is only of Irrigation projects.

Data Source: The information of Irrigation Potential of completed and ongoing projects is enclosed in a

separate booklet as "Status of Irrigation Development".




List of Projects other than Irrigation Projects

Sr.

No.

Name of

Project

Type Name of Sub

basin

Live Storage

(Mm3)

1 Tanasa Completed /Water Supply Vaitarna 172.52

2 Modaksagar Completed /Water Supply Vaitarna 174.79

3 Upper Vaitarna Completed /Hydro and Water

Supply Vaitarna 331.31

4 Middle Vaitarna Completed /Water Supply Vaitarna 193.53

5 Pelhar Completed /Water Supply Vaitarna 2.25

6 Deharji Ongoing /Water Supply Vaitarna 93.22

7 Kalu Ongoing /Water Supply Ulhas 401.24

8 Shai Ongoing /Water Supply Ulhas 353.41

9 Barvi Completed /Water Supply Ulhas 338.84

10 Ransai Completed /Water Supply Patalganga 8.49

11 Dehranga Completed /Water Supply Patalganga 1.892

12 Morabe Completed /Water Supply Patalganga 165.37

13 Balganga Ongoing /Water Supply Patalganga 143.78

14 Kumbhe Ongoing /HP Savitri 12.18

15 Kal Ongoing /HP Savitri 85.77

16 Harihareshwar Ongoing /Water Supply Mhasala 4.34

17 Shil Completed /Water Supply Shastri 3.336

18 Vihar Completed /Water Supply Mumbai Island 27.689

19 Tulasi Completed /Water Supply Mumbai Island 8.046




Table 7.3: Abstract of Status of Irrigation Development

Sr.

No.

Sub Basin Geogra-

phical

Area

(Sq.Km.)

GCA (Ha) GCA %

Geogra-

phical Area

Completed

CCA

% Ongoing

CCA

%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 Ambika 106.36 10118.84 95.14 0 0.00 386 3.81

2 Auranga 167.64 16168.45 96.45 0 0.00 315 1.95

3 Narpar 768.98 73186.78 95.17 4267.56 5.83 1222 1.67

4 Damanganga 1505.64 137564.06 91.37 6547 4.76 2619 1.90

5 Vaitarana 3943.78 370601.13 93.97 14893 4.02 18802.9 5.07

6 Streams bet. D

& V

1127.6 94497.64 83.80 2110.6 2.23 249 0.26

7 Ulhas 4332.69 313030.00 72.25 13427.6 4.29 28136 8.99

8 Patalganga 1667.48 151106.23 90.62 2952 1.95 10112 6.69

9 Amba 1134.49 89748.51 79.11 1890 2.11 168 0.19

10 Kundalika 1059.82 90335.75 85.24 9272 10.26 4074 4.51

11 Savitri 2263.68 189583.76 83.75 3354 1.77 4072 2.15

12 Mhasala 934.16 82000.22 87.78 1562 1.90 2880 3.51

13 Bharja 279.45 26116.00 93.46 759 2.91 522 2.00

14 Vashishti 2671.01 253705.82 94.98 6429 2.53 6478 2.55

15 Shastri 2697.37 256061.48 94.93 985 0.38 7327 2.86

16 Muchkundi 867.81 81643.10 94.08 1278 1.57 3749 4.59

17 Kajavi 548.94 51219.06 93.31 509 0.99 255 0.50

18 Kodavali 695.84 65549.27 94.20 1431 2.18 6872 10.48

19 Vaghotan 996.21 76426.35 76.72 379 0.50 14422 18.87

20 Devgad 731.42 29606.92 40.48 375 1.27 4989 16.85

21 Achara 254.56 16280.58 63.96 0 0.00 696 4.28

22 Gad 1046.33 87221.00 83.36 1997 2.29 10109 11.59

23 Karli 812.65 58965.00 72.56 1538 2.61 17304 29.35

24 Vengurla 456.57 34557.00 75.69 557 1.61 6 0.02

25 Terekhol 624.74 44950.97 71.95 618 1.37 5804 12.91

26 Tillari 641.61 53151.46 82.84 400 0.75 6676 12.56

27 Mahadayi 77 6916.00 89.82 0 0.00 1345 0.00

28 Mumbai Island 603.40 NA* NA* NA* NA* NA* NA* Total 32413.83 2760311.38 85.16 77942.72 2.81 159589.90 5.78

NA*- Not Applicable

Less Water Use in Kharif

Normaly 20 % of total Kharif requirement is considered for storage planning. Frequently the

rains in WFRB are assured hence Kharif use is less than planned. In fact, due to non development of

irrigation and system deficiencies in distribution affect fair weather use also.




Irrigation Development

In 28 basins the achievement of irrigation potential is less than 20 % in all basins in WFRB. Utilization of

dams for non-irrigation requirement in Vaitarna, Ulhas, and Patalganga is observed to be satisfactory

due to urbanization of these basins.

Forest Land

Many projects in WFR basin have been held up due to want of forest land acquisition and

environmental clearances. Irrigation projects are held up due to forest conservation act. The projects

are held up for over a decade and getting forest clearance to them in near future is quite unlikely.

Therefore, there is a need to go for alternative & probably smaller projects affecting lesser forest land.

However, a radical policy change is the key to solution of the time.

Irrigation Management

This aspect is dealt with in Chapter No. 11

Looking to the low overall irrigation efficiency the need of the time is to invest on improvement

of overall system efficiency. This will include reduction in reservoir and conveyance/ distribution

network losses, increasing field efficiency and policy changes.

Local Opposition

Implementation of many projects has been held up due to local oppositions from the farmers

being affected. The problems in land acquisition and rehabilitation have assumed a serious proportion.

The current amendments to land acquisition act strives to ameliorate the situation. Environmental

issues are also frequently being brought up by NGO’s working in this field. The dams seriously affected

by these issues are Kondhane, Shai, Kalu, and Balganga. These dams are drinking water dams for CIDCO

and MMRDA regions in WFRB.

Ground Water Based Irrigation

Due to typical hydrogeology of the region ground water plays a minor role in irrigation and

domestic uses. In rural areas ground water is used as a primary or secondary source depending upon the

local situation.

The statistics covering the numbers of wells, area irrigated on wells, connections and energy are

monitored by Agriculture Department, Government of Maharashtra. The relevant details for each of the

sub basins are given in following table:




Table 7.4: Well Irrigation in WFR Basin

Sr. No. Sub Basin Area under Wells in

Command &

Uncommand Area

Total Remark

1 2 3 4 5

1 Ambika 165.00 165.00

2 Auranga 607.50 607.50

3 Narpar 975.00 975.00

4 Damanganga 2086.50 2086.50

5 Vaitarana 199.50 199.50

6 Streams bet. D & V N.A N.A

7 Ulhas 213.00 213.00

8 Patalganga 2250.00 2250.00

9 Amba 588.00 588.00

10 Kundalika 304.50 304.50

11 Savitri 1561.50 1561.50

12 Mhasala N.A N.A

13 Bharja 96.00 96.00

14 Vasshishti 603.00 603.00

15 Shastri 1413.00 1413.00

16 Muchkundi 205.50 205.50

17 Kajavi N.A N.A

18 Kodavali 246.00 246.00

19 Vaghotan N.A N.A

20 Davghad N.A N.A

21 Achara 228.00 228.00

22 Gad 912.00 912.00

23 Karli N.A N.A

24 Vengurla N.A N.A

25 Terekhol N.A N.A

26 Tillari 168.00 168.00

27 Mahadayi N.A N.A

28 Mumbai Island N.A N.A

Total 12822.00 12822.00

7.1.3. Lift Irrigation

This sub paragraph covers Surface Water Irrigation based upon Lifting of water from various

sources. The water is lifted by means of pumps from the source and conveyed through the rising mains

to the main delivery chamber that is situated at the top most location in the command area. This water

is further conveyed and distributed amongst the beneficiary farmers by means of suitable secondary

and tertiary systems.




Whereas the system for taking the water to the main delivery chamber makes use of pumps, the

distribution system is typically completely gravity-based, and must be designed solely on the basis of the

available hydraulic head. In addition, the area to be irrigated is scattered and has varying topography,

and each farm is of a different size, so it can be a challenge to design a gravity-based system that

delivers a fair volume of water to each farmer. Several mechanisms have been developed to meet these

challenges.

In WFRB the lifts are primary owned and managed by private farmers. Government’s lifts are

few.

Source

The sources for lift irrigation schemes, nature and objective are summarized in following table 7.5:

Table 7.5: Sources, Nature and Objective of Lift Irrigation Schemes

Sr. No. Source Nature Objective

1 2 3 4

1 Rivers and

Streams

K.T. weirs/Diversion weirs for

harnessing post monsoon flows as

well as post monsoon releases from

reservoirs

Provide irrigation facility where flow

irrigation is not available

2 Reservoirs Pumping from reservoirs Provide irrigation for fringe area

above the submergence spread and

Galper lands

3 Canals Pumping from main contour canal Provide irrigation for higher level

command

Scenario

The present scenario for the various lift irrigation schemes in different basins is given in the following

table 7.6:

Table 7.6: Lift Schemes in WFR Basin

Sr.

No.

Sub Basin Lift Scheme Status Potential

Ha

Remarks

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 Ambika - - - N.A

2 Auranga - - - N.A

3 Narpar - - - N.A

4 Damanganga - - - N.A

5 Vaitarana Vaviharsh Completed 351.00

Vaitarneshwar Completed 301.00

Hariahar Completed 246.54




Sr.

No.

Sub Basin Lift Scheme Status Potential

Ha

Remarks

1 2 3 4 5 6

Kharoli Completed 247.00

Alwand Completed 244.00

Avahate Completed 240.00

Arunodaya Ongoing 99.90

Dharngrast Future 318.41

Takeharsh Future 240.00

Take Devgaon Future 230.00

Hattipada Future 249.00

Devgaon Future 220.00

Humbyachiwadi Future 246.00

Chandrachi met Future 249.00

Kashegaon Future 291.22

Samundi Future 230.76

6 Streams bet. D &

V

- - - N.A

7 Ulhas - - - N.A

8 Patalganga - - - N.A

9 Amba - - - N.A

10 Kundalika - - - N.A

11 Savitri - - - N.A

12 Mhasala - - - N.A

13 Bharja - - - N.A

14 Vashishti - - - N.A

15 Shastri - - - N.A

16 Muchkundi - - - N.A

17 Kajavi - - - N.A

18 Kodavali - - - N.A

19 Vaghotan - - - N.A

20 Devgad - - - N.A

21 Achara - - - N.A

22 Gad - - - N.A

23 Karli - - - N.A

24 Vengurla - - - N.A

25 Terekhol - - - N.A

26 Tillari Big Lift Irr. Scheme Completed 88.00

Small Lift Irr.

Scheme

Completed 23.40

27 Mahadayi - - - N.A

28 Mumbai Island - - - N.A

Total 0.00 0.00 4115.23




7.1.3.1. Lift Irrigations Schemes (LIS) on Reservoirs

There are total 17 nos of Lift schemes, out of which 8 are completed and 1 is ongoing.

7.1.4. Sedimentation

Sedimentation is the tendency of particles in suspension to settle out of the fluid in which they

are entrained and come to rest against a barrier. In geology, sedimentation is often used as the opposite

of erosion. Sedimentation is the termination of the settling process.

Assessment of sedimentation is done by carrying out through analytical processing as well

carrying out hydro graphic survey at regular interval. This is weighed against the assumptions made in

planning and designing. Remedial measures for controlling incoming sediment load are proposed where

sediment estimation is much higher than the considered in planning and designing.

Scenario

The scenario for sedimentation in various sub basins in WFRB in Maharashtra is summarized in

the following table 7.7:

Table 7.7 : Sedimentation in Basins of WFR Basin in Maharashtra

Sr.

No.

Sub Basin Reservoir Age

Years

Live

Storage

Mm3

Reduction in Remarks

Live Storage %

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 Ambika - - - - Not investigated

by MERI or other

agencies.

2 Auranga - - - -

3 Narpar - - - -

4 Damanganga - - - -

5 Vaitarana Surya 26 286.31 4.76% MERI Study

Wandri 32 35.94 6.92% MERI Study

6 Streams bet. D & V - - - -

7 Ulhas - - - - Not investigated

by MERI or other

agencies.

8 Patalganga - - - -

9 Amba - - - -

10 Kundalika - - - -

11 Savitri - - - -

12 Mhasala - - - -

13 Bharja - - - -

14 Vasshishti - - - -

15 Shastri - - - -

16 Muchkundi - - - -

17 Kajavi - - - -

18 Kodavali - - - -

19 Vaghotan - - - -

20 Davghad - - - -

21 Achara - - - -




Sr.

No.

Sub Basin Reservoir Age

Years

Live

Storage

Mm3

Reduction in Remarks

Live Storage %

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

22 Gad - - - -

23 Karli - - - -

24 Vengurla - - - -

25 Terekhol - - - -

26 Tillari - - - -

27 Mahadayi - - - -

28 Mumbai Island - - - -

7.1.4.1. Siltation Rate

Silt rate as per Govt. Circular Dt.5.5.1992 is 6 Ha m/100 Sq km./ yr. The distribution of silt load

has to be done by empirical area reduction method confirming to IS 5477. The silt load distribution will

be 3 Ha m/ 100sq km/ yr in live storage area & 3Ha m/ 100 sq km /yr in dead storage area. MERI has

conducted siltation study only on Surya and Wandri projects in the Vaitarna basin. The rates observed

are 17.01 and 20.70 Ha-m. Per 100 Sq. Km. Per year.

7.1.5. Special Features

The surface irrigation development in WFRB in Maharashtra has a long history and basin specific

special features are described in following paragraphs:

Micro-Irrigation

It can be defined as the application of water at low volume and frequent interval under low

pressure to plant root zone.

Since water is the limiting factor today, it must be utilized properly and maximum benefit shall

be taken to the possible extent. Micro irrigation means application of optimum water according to plant

requirement. Introduction of advanced and sophisticated methods viz. drip irrigation, sprinkler etc.

makes it possible.

The present scenario of micro irrigation in various sub basins as well as proposed switching over

in year 2030 is summarized in following table 7.1.8:




Table 7.8 : Micro Irrigation in WFRB

Sr. No. Sub Basin Drip (Ha) Sprinkler

(Ha)

Total (Ha) Status Remark

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 Ambika 0.00 0.00 0.00 N.A.

2 Auranga 10.00 0.00 10.00 Working

Condition

Target set to 540 Ha.

upto 2030

3 Narpar 0.00 0.00 0.00 N.A.

4 Damanganga 321.00 53.24 374.24 Working

Condition


upto 2030

5 Vaitarana 1345.00 183.26 1528.26 Working

Condition


upto 2030

6 Streams bet D &

V

0.00 0.00 0.00 N.A.

7 Ulhas 387.22 47.78 435.00 Working

Condition


upto 2030

8 Patalganga 0.00 0.00 0.00 N.A.

9 Amba 50.20 12.27 62.47 Working

Condition


upto 2030

10 Kundalika 103.13 39.87 143.00 Working

Condition


upto 2030

11 Savitri 45.14 17.33 62.47 Working

Condition


upto 2030

12 Mhasala 0.00 0.00 0.00 N.A.

13 Bharja 0.00 0.00 0.00 N.A.

14 Vasshishti 0.00 0.00 0.00 N.A.

15 Shastri 0.00 0.00 0.00 N.A.

16 Muchkundi 0.00 0.00 0.00 N.A.

17 Kajavi 0.00 0.00 0.00 N.A.

18 Kodavali 0.00 0.00 0.00 N.A.

19 Vaghotan 235.13 48.87 284.00 Working

Condition


upto 2030

20 Davghad 0.00 0.00 0.00 N.A.

21 Achara 0.00 0.00 0.00 N.A.

22 Gad 141.30 34.00 175.30 Working

Condition


upto 2030

23 Karli 0.00 0.00 0.00 N.A.

24 Vengurla 0.00 0.00 0.00 N.A.

25 Terekhol 0.00 0.00 0.00 N.A.

26 Tillari 0.00 0.00 0.00 N.A.

27 Mahadayi 0.00 0.00 0.00 N.A.

28 Mumbai Island 0.00 0.00 0.00 N.A.

Total 2638.12 436.62 3074.74




Increasing Water Application Efficiency

In most basins of WFRB surface water is un-used to a very large extent hence water saving can

not be the immediate objective of Micro Irrigation. However, increasing crop yield can be the motivating

force for increasing Micro irrigation in the valley. Agriculture department is making every effort to

achieve targets by year 2012-13

Backlog

As per Letter No. PLN/2009/(68/09) P&M 1 dated 03/03/2009 of Water Resources Department,

Mantralaya, Mumbai, the status of physical backlog in Ratnagiri district in WFRB in Maharashtra has

been estimated and on that basis the backlog scenario in WFRB is given in following table.

Table 7.9: Backlog in WFR Basin

Sr. No. Basin Backlog Reference Observations and

Suggestions

Recorded Physical

(Ha)

Financial(Rs.

Crores)

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 Vashishti 10320 Nil Directives by the Governor

of Maharashtra Under Rule

7 of the development

boards order 2011 for the

region wise distribution of

outlays in the annual plan of

FY 2013 – 14

The backlog in

Ratnagiri District

has been removed

in the year 2012-

13.

2 Shastri

3 Muchkundi

4 Kajavi

5 Kodavali

Total 10320 Nil -- --

The irrigation backlog has been worked out on district basis as on March 2008 as per

Government Circular PLN/2009/ (68/09) P&M 1 dated 03/03/2009 of Water Resources Department,

Mantralaya, Mumbai.

7.1.6. Future Planning

(a) Basins

The future planning is forecasted for the year 2030 and is based on:

1. Water potential i.e. 75 % dependable water available in the basin

2. In case of Narpar, Auranga, Ambika and Damanganga 50 % dependable water for Minor Irrigation.

3. Water to be made available to all completed and ongoing schemes in the basin.

4. Making provisions for Domestic and Industrial use in all future projects as per MWRRA norms and

making provisions for Mumbai City in centrally sponsored DP link of NWDA.

5. Making provisions for east ward diversions in Narpar, Auranga and Ambika.

6. In southern basins where current planning for 2030 is only a fraction of available water provision on

prorate basis for unplanned culturable area is made.

7. All interstate agreements, MoU’s shall be considered in planning.

In light of above considerations, the proposed future planning as suggested in WFRB is summarized in

following table:




Table 7.10: Water Availability and Present/Future Planning

Sr. No. Sub Basin Water Availability Mm3 Planned Use Mm3

50% 75% Average 2011 2030

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 Ambika 96.99 79.24 108.35 11.00 22.66 2 Auranga 168 129.22 157.92 6.61 67.33 3 Narpar 830.52 679.18 870.73 66.87 332.69 4 Damanganga 1950.11 1478.98 2053.36 120.74 1140.96 5 Vaitarana 6640.31 5133.82 6772.84 1536.38 3695.02 6 Streams bet. D & V 1948.9 1447.31 1886.67 159.32 223.84 7 Ulhas 8188.29 6374.69 8020.9 1723.80 2174.55 8 Patalganga 3524.03 3181.83 3486.16 325.99 478.54 9 Amba 2001.65 1744.85 2029.95 95.08 349.30

10 Kundalika 3151.73 2858.8 3116.99 570.97 1570.01 11 Mhasala 2014.58 1706.21 2006.24 50.58 82.36 12 Savitri 6150 5442.79 6061.75 69.85 1155.34 13 Bharja 769.05 689.95 782.95 17.37 29.22 14 Vashishti 10013.4 9544.56 10291.37 422.66 652.97 15 Shastri 7289.16 6676.47 7590.73 135.88 248.64 16 Muchkundi 2172.82 1946.53 2159.55 74.65 109.21 17 Kajavi 1536.25 1331.51 1553.28 14.10 41.32 18 Kodavali 2270.99 1831.52 2275 105.49 130.61 19 Vaghotan 2140.45 1914.08 2154.13 174.26 202.35 20 Davghad 1259.27 1148.85 1263.35 101.84 122.06 21 Achara 496.75 449.26 495.61 10.61 69.90 22 Gad 2867.43 2659.91 2872.73 154.49 207.82 23 Karli 2024.14 1720.96 2018.26 308.18 333.08 24 Vengurla 733.12 623.52 758.13 6.72 17.96 25 Terekhol 1315.59 1114 1290.99 142.71 299.07 26 Tillari 2470.83 2049.38 2368.57 624.21 906.39 27 Mahadayi 243.75 211.98 243.823 14.48 181.12 28 Mumbai Island 49.075 49.075 49.075 1636.00 1905.00

Total 74317.185 64218.475 74739.408 8680.822 16749.285

The above water availability, present scenario for irrigation developed so far through State and

Local Sector – Major/Medium/Minor (MIS/MIL) Projects has been also presented in Chapter No 10,

Table No.33. The probable irrigation potential that can be developed by 2030 in light of above water

availability in various sub basins has been also presented in Chapter No 10, Table No.10.4.The additional

storages required for achieving so predicted irrigation potential by 2030 as estimated in various reports

have been compiled.

Few important issues and recommendations thereupon mentioned in the reports are as follows:

For coverage of culturable area in Auranga, Ambika, Narpar, Damanganga basins, the water

required over and above 75 % dependable availability shall be made available by reducing the

dependability for minor projects to the required extent but shall be kept above 50 % as per the State

policy.




In southern basins future planning for 2030 does not cover entire culturable area. This has

resulted in large quantities of water remaining unused and huge land without irrigation water. It is

recommended that till next revision basin plans covering entire culturable area should be prepared by

WRD and WCD. This exercise can be readily carried out with the help of Toposheets and contour maps

of suitable interval.

Ulhas basin has developed water stress due to heavy demands for drinking water to

Thane, Kalyan-Dombiwali, Ulhasnagar, Bhivandi-Nijampur, Mira-Bhayandar, Badalapur and Ambarnath

urban areas. Inspite of having high yield in the basin lack of existing storages and inability to create large

storages in the basin has resulted this situation. At least the existing ongoing projects should be

completed at the earliest.

Water requirements for special sectors like NAINA are adopted as per the requirements

of the development body and shall be over and above.

7.1.7. Executive Summary

In WFRB the surface water availability is not issue of concern for all basins. Artificial water stress

is created in certain basins due to urbanization. Nearby Godavari and Tapi basins are water scares.

However, export of water to these basins involved lifting and it is costly. As on the other hand the basin

planning being incomplete in WFRB all farmers are not yet assured of irrigation water. This concern of

the farmers was reflected in nearly all public hearings. There is an urgent need to remedy this situation.

7.2. Other Important Uses

7.2.1. Preamble

In the previous section we have noted the progress made so far on development of irrigation

infrastructure, especially storages of different scale, the legal limitations placed by the GWDT and the

conditions laid down by the Governor’s Directives regarding removal of backlog. In this section we will

present the current status of water resource development for the other prioritised uses such as,

drinking and domestic use, industrial use, water for piscieculture, water for tourism, water for

navigation, etc.

Development of water for the above-mentioned sectors (excluding irrigation) has been largely in

the form of infrastructure for conveyance / transmission, purification, distribution (including en-route

storages) for different purposes. In the case of groundwater too; the digging of bore wells / tube wells,

etc. and installation of auxiliary systems like pumps, pipelines, purification systems, etc, is in the form of

service infrastructure, but not primary storage. Development for these sectors therefore implies the

installation of hardware or software systems / mechanism for efficient and optimal utilization. The

objective of such development therefore, is to optimise utilization by minimizing the consumptive use.

In certain cases, for example Mumbai and Thane region storage structures have been developed

specifically for urban water supply, hydro power, industrial use, etc. However, in the Godavari Basin

practically no significant storage structure has been constructed purely one or more non-irrigation

purposes. Other important characteristics are that, even though the quantity or percentage of water

required is relatively small its value for sustenance of life is very high in case of drinking and domestic

use, and its economic value is very high in the case of industrial and other uses. Consequently, the

revenue earned by the WRD from such high value use substantially contributes to the operation,




maintenance and repair not only of the storage structures but also of the auxiliary supply services

provided by concerned agencies.

As per the latest policy resolution of the GoM the inter-sector allocation is as follows:

Table 7.11: Inter-Sector Water Allocation

Priority No. Water Uses % Allocation

1 2 3

1 Drinking and domestic water use 15%

Drinking water including livestock, Health and hygiene,

Sanitation, cold storages.

2 Water for Irrigation 75%

Water for agriculture

3 Industrial water use 10%

Commercial water use, agro-industries, hydro-power

4 Water for Environment, sports, and tourism Non consumptive

E-Flows

Source: Government of Maharashtraresolution dated 21 January 2003

The table below indicates the importance of revenue generated from supply of water for

drinking, domestic and industries. However, it may be noted that the irrigation rates are greatly

subsidised or in some cases waved – off as the consequence of socio-political pressures or adverse

climatic conditions. The figures also indicate that there has been a considerable amount of cross-

subsidization between irrigation and other uses. The low rates and poor recovery has led to very low

revenue generation. Consequently, the amounts available for repair operation and maintenance have

been inadequate for an efficient operation and maintenance of the infrastructure.




Table 7.12: Assessment and Recovery of Revenue generated (In INR Crore)

Sr.

No

Year Assessment Recovery Outstanding amount

Irrigation Non

irrigation

Total Irrigation Non

irrigation

Total Irrigation Non

irrigation

Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1 2010-11 0.905 191.984 192.889 0.796 248.021 248.817 9.050 82.700 91.751

2 2011-12 0.779 191.387 192.166 0.724 192.907 193.631 9.109 81.182 90.291

3 2012-13 1.178 298.399 299.578 0.739 185.502 186.241 9.541 194.450 203.990

4 2013-14 0.780 171.210 171.990 0.690 172.980 173.670 9.650 185.930 195.580

Source: Irrigation Status Report 2013-14, WRD, Maharashtra, Published in 2016

7.2.2. Drinking and Domestic Water:

7.2.2.1. Background

The Govt. of India and State Governments have been trying to provide safe drinking water to the

rural areas ever since inception of the first ‘Five Year Plan’. However, this initiative was given

momentum by launching the Accelerated Rural Water Supply Program (ARWSP) by GoI in 1972-73 to

assist State Governments and Union Territories to accelerate the pace of coverage of drinking water

supply. Subsequently, so as to give much more focused attention, this program was given the mission

mode and a Technology Mission on Drinking Water entitled the “National Drinking Water Mission

(NDWM)” was launched in 1986, which was subsequently renamed as the Rajiv Gandhi National

Drinking Water Mission (RGNDWM) in 1991.

Further by March 2004, as per the National Agenda for Governance (NAG), a separate

Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation was created in the Ministry of Rural Development in 1999.

Till the end of November 2011, 87.89% habitations in the country were declared to have access to

adequate water (fully covered) with 40 litres per capita per day (lpcd) as the supply norm. About 10.85%

were partially covered. About 20000 habitations were still not covered. The GoI had also launched a

time-bound plan under Bharat Nirman in 2005 for implementation of drinking water supply scheme

during the four year period 2005-2009.

As per CPHEEO, the norm of domestic water supply is 70 lpcd for urban areas where coverage

through a piped water supply is not in place for the entire population. It is 135 lpcd if water is supplied

through a pipe system, and where a sewerage system has been established for treatment and disposal.

Further, the norm for Metro cities is 150 lpcd, and in addition a 15% leakage loss is also assumed while

calculating the gross demand. As per the National Building Code, the norm is 135 lpcd for urban area

and 40 to 55 lpcd for rural area. The Kelkar Committee however maintains that there should be no

distinction between urban and rural areas, and therefore recommends that the norm for domestic

water demand should be treated uniformly as 140 lpcd. It has clarified that since the rural domestic

water demand includes the requirement for livestock as well, it should be at par with the norm for the

urban domestic water requirement. While increasing the norm from 70 and 100 lpcd for rural and urban




respectively to 140 lpcd for the entire population appears to be very difficult to achieve, the basin level

availability of water and the projected demand figures indicates that it is technically possible to achieve

this goal.

7.2.2.2. Drinking and domestic Water use in WFRB :

The total population of the WFRB for the year 2011 (Projected based on Census of India, 2011) is

305.48 lakhs, as per Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran (MJP) and Mumbai Corporation. The total

estimated population projected for the basin in 2030 is estimated to be 393.42 lakhs. It has been

generally observed that the demand and use of water by the local governing bodies has been much

higher than the Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering (CPHEEO) norms. (28 sub-basin

studies conducted recently, from 2008-09 to 2013-14)

Table 7.13: Population and Domestic Water Demand as per MJP

Division Population Water Demand (Mm3)

In 2011 By 2030 In 2011 By 2030

Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural

(Lakh) (Lakh) (Lakh) (Lakh) (Mm3) (Mm

3) (Mm

3) (mm

3)

1

Nashik 35.61 66.25 44.24 78.55 232.04 351.09 286.42 417.12

Marathwada 42.00 121.88 51.67 151.57 290.48 732.84 354.59 910.79

Vidarbha 73.11 122.06 106.94 141.67 684.33 1184.87 610.44 778.52

WFR Basin * 218.36 87.13 281.18 112.24 2092.99 168.682 2356.23 288.38

Total 369.08 397.32 484.03 484.03 3299.84 2437.482 3607.68 2394.81

Total (Urban + Rural) 766.40 968.06 5737.32 6002.49 * The population figures and current for domestic purpose refer to the year 2011

Table 7.14: Population and Domestic Water Demand as per current norms for 2011 and as per Kelkar

Committee Norms recommended for 2030

Division Population Water Demand (Mm3)

In 2011 By 2030 In 2011 By 2030

Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural

(Lakh) (Lakh) (Lakh) (Lakh) (Mm3) (Mm

3) (Mm

3) (mm

3)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

Nashik 35.61 66.25 44.24 78.55 170.73 199.10 290.45 443.96

Marathwada 42.00 121.88 51.67 151.57 216.21 369.64 360.86 921.44

Vidarbha 73.11 122.06 106.94 141.67 404.41 362.12 1099.44 805.27

WFR Basin * 218.36 87.13 281.18 112.24 2092.99 168.682 1436.83 573.55

Total 369.08 397.32 484.03 484.03 2884.34 1099.542 3187.58 2744.22

Total (Urban + Rural) 766.40 968.06 3983.88 5931.80

* The population figures and current for domestic purpose refer to the year 2011

Source: Population for 2011 and 2030 is based on estimates by MJP and Mumbai Corporation; while the supply norms are as per current

practices for 2011, and Kelkar Committee recommendations for 2030 (140 LPCD).




While planning for drinking water in this report 100 lpcd for rural and 135 lpcd for urban population is

assumed for areas other than Mumbai districts. The demands as calculated by BMC are taken for

planning. With these norms ultimate picture emerges as below.

A. Total Water availability (Surface + Groundwater) = 65802.92 Mm3

B . Allocation for drinking and domestic use @ 15% = 9870.44 Mm

Water use for 2011 works out to be 2342.78 Mm3 i.e. 3.56% of the total availability (A) and 23.74% of

the current allocation for drinking and domestic (B)

Water use for 2030 works out to be 2771.91 Mm3 i.e. 4.21% of the total availability (A). However, this

percentage will vary substantially from sub-basin to sub-basin, depending on basin specific water

availability.

Water demand for the year 2011 is 2342.78 Mm3 and for 2030 it is 2771.91 Mm3, therefore the

additional requirement of water to be supplied till 2030 will be 429.13 Mm3. The capital investment

required for purifying 1 MLD of water is about Rs. 52 lakhs and treating 1 MLD of sewage requires Rs. 43

lakhs.

Assessments for 28 basins (2010-11):

Basin wise current usage in urban and rural areas of WFRB is as follows.It is inferred from the table that

present average water requirement for total population (rural and urban) is 210.11 lpcd. It is also

observed that the urban population in Ulhas, Patalganga, Amba, Mhasala basins use more water than

norms (194-225 lpcd) & Mumai Island uses much more (325 lpcd). Rural population in Vaitarna steams

Waghotan, Deogad and Terekhol etc. use just as per norms of 40 lpcd which were in practice when the

schemes were designed.

Table 7.15: Urban and Rural domestic water use assessed for 28 basins

Divisions 2011 2011

Urban

Population

in Lakh

Water Use Mm3 Rural

Population

in Lakh

Water Use Mm3

Surface

Water

Use

Mm3

Ground

water

Use

Mm3

Total

Water

Use

Mm3

Surface

Water

Use

Mm3

Ground

Water

Use

Mm3

Total

Water

Use

Mm3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Ambika 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.94 0.94

Auranga 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.51 0.00 1.30 1.30

Narpar 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.89 0.00 7.09 7.09

Damanganga 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.31 0.00 12.96 12.96

Vaitarana 12.30 48.43 0.00 48.43 10.34 10.42 23.23 33.65

Streams bet. D & V 1.05 3.58 0.00 3.58 6.26 5.80 0.01 5.81

Ulhas 51.15 378.42 0.00 378.42 12.34 61.90 0.00 61.90

Patalganga 24.57 170.93 0.00 170.93 17.93 29.03 0.00 29.03

Amba 0.22 2.93 0.00 2.93 2.11 14.97 7.14 22.11




Divisions 2011 2011

Urban

Population

in Lakh

Water Use Mm3 Rural

Population

in Lakh

Water Use Mm3

Surface

Water

Use

Mm3

Ground

water

Use

Mm3

Total

Water

Use

Mm3

Surface

Water

Use

Mm3

Ground

Water

Use

Mm3

Total

Water

Use

Mm3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Kundalika 0.47 1.98 0.00 1.98 3.39 12.38 1.14 13.52

Savitri 0.46 0.03 0.00 0.03 4.06 10.29 0.00 10.29

Mhasala 0.21 2.86 0.00 2.86 1.25 10.00 2.50 12.50

Bharja 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.60 0.31 1.89 2.19

Vashishti 0.88 2.85 0.00 2.85 5.18 1.93 5.72 7.65

Shastri 1.06 3.63 0.00 3.63 5.18 0.81 6.75 7.56

Muchkundi 0.18 0.33 0.00 0.33 1.35 0.00 4.87 4.87

Kajavi 0.30 1.50 0.00 1.50 1.03 0.35 3.17 3.52

Kodavali 0.17 0.32 0.00 0.32 0.92 0.00 1.47 1.47

Vaghotan 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.13 1.62 0.00 1.62

Davghad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.55 2.24 0.00 2.24

Achara 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.46 1.58 0.00 1.58

Gad 0.27 0.68 0.00 0.68 0.70 1.02 0.00 1.02

Karli 0.17 0.25 0.00 0.25 0.16 0.23 0.00 0.23

Vengurla 0.23 0.59 0.00 0.59 0.46 0.68 0.00 0.68

Terekhol 0.24 1.28 0.00 1.28 1.20 1.75 0.00 1.75

Tillari 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.62 1.37 0.92 2.29

Mahadayi 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Mumbai Island 124.42 1472.40 0.00 1472.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 218.35 2092.99 0.00 2092.99 87.13 168.68 81.10 249.78

Source: Based on data collected in 28 basins plans with 2011 as the base year and MJP estimates.

The supply –demand gap to be covered till 2030:

MJP Status Report on WFR basin, 2011.

The degree of scarcity is based on the globally accepted classification of Water Stress Indicator

developed by Ms.Malin Falkenmark’s (1989).Water availability of more than 1,700m³/capita/year is

defined as the threshold above which water shortage occurs only irregularly or locally. Below this level,

water scarcity arises in different levels of severity. Below 1,700m³/capita/year water stress appears

regularly, below 1,000m³/capita/year water scarcity is a limitation to economic development and

human health and well-being, and below 500m³/capita/year water availability is a main constraint to

life. (Reference: MalinFalkenmark's Water Stress Indicator, 1989)




Sr. No. Index

M3 per capita / year

Category / condition

1 2 3

1 >1700 No stress

2 1000 – 1700 Stress

3 500 – 1000 Scarcity

4 <500 Absolute Scarcity

There is no gap between supply and demand in WFRB is not natural. The artificial stress

developed by urbanization and subsequent non availability of the dam sites in Ulhas basin is minimised

by intra basin transfers from nearby Vainganga in the present and Damanganga in future.

7.2.2.3. Status of water supply schemes:

The status is summarized in the table below:

Table 7.16: Current status of urban water supply and sanitation schemes in the WFRB.

Sr. No. Particulars Sub-basins No.

1 2 3 4

1 Water Supply Schemes Vaitarana, Streams bet Damanganga and

Vaitarana, Ulhas, Patalganga, Amba,

Kundalika, Mhasala, savitri, Vashishti,

Shastri, Muchkundi, Kajavi, Kondavali,

Gad, Karli, Vengurla, Terekhol. Tillari,

Mumbai Island

83

2 Sewage Treatment

Plants(STP’s)

-- N.A.

3 Urban Water Recycling

units

-- N.A.

4 Urban Water Reuse -- N.A.

Source: Studies carried out by various agencies while preparing 28 basin plans

In Ulhas and Patalganga basin dams like Kalu, Shai are being financed by MMRDA and Kondhane

is transferred to CIDCO to provide water for domestic and industrial purposes as per there area

planning.




Table 7.17: Current status of rural water supply and sanitation schemes in the WFRB.

Sr.

No.

Particulars Sub-basins Physical Planning

(No. of) Villages

1 2 3 4

1 Water Supply

Schemes

Ambika,Auranga,Narpar,Damanganga,Vaitarana,

Streams bet Damanganga and Vaitarana,Ulhas,

Patalganga, Amba, Kundalika,Mhasala,savitri,Bharja,

Vashishti,Shastri,Muchkundi,Kajavi,Kondavali,Vagotha

n,Devagad,Achara,Gad,Karli,Vengurla,Terekhol.Tillari.

19290

2 Sewage Treatment

Plants (STP’s)

-- N.A.

4 Evaporation Control -- N.A.

5 Traditional Water

Devices

-- N.A.

Source: Studies carried out by various agencies while preparing 27 basin plans.

Issues related to water quality, health and hygiene:

Presently the stretches of Ulhas, Patalganga and Vashishthti rivers along with part length of Amba and

Kundalika rivers are contaminated. Continuous monitoring of the same is being done by MPCB.

It is recommended that the question of water quality be taken up simultaneously with the question of

supplying the water for drinking and domestic purposes. This precaution must be taken particularly in

remote areas where the villages are not connected with any Public Health Centres (PHCs) or Hospitals

for several months during each year particularly.

Recommendations:

The recommendations mentioned below are in keeping with the ‘ring-fenced’ priorities indicated by the

Kelkar Committee Report on Regional Imbalance, and also in keeping with the recommendations

emerging from the 28 individual basin studies. It is recommended that –

Designed norms for future water supply should be observed as below.

Sr. No. Area Norms

1 Rural 100 lpcd

2 Urban 135 lpcd

3 Metropolitan Urban 140 lpcd

The gap between water supply to urban and rural areas should be eliminated and as per Kelkar

Committee report 140 lpcd should be observed.

In case of remote villages investments on special priority should be made for providing purified

water for drinking, cooking etc.




It is proposed that the watershed development approach should be followed for water supply in

urban areas as well, and streams and ponds which may have got illegally encroached may be cleared

and reclaimed as per the Section (8) of the National Water Policy, 2012.

Rooftop harvesting should be made compulsory in all towns/urban centers exceeding a

population of 10,000 persons. In case of households installing water recycling system/sewage

treatment/septic tank/ Rainwater Harvesting, etc. an appropriate tax rebate may be granted.

In view of the fact that leakages, transmission and distribution losses, and unaccounted/illegal

water use currently form between 30-40% of the total water supplied, it is strongly recommended that

immediate leak detection studies be conducted in order to save precious water resources.

In case of villages having low population, densities or having ample water bodies or traditional

water source like tanks, rejuvenation and augmentation of existing structures should be under taken on

priority. These structures should be used as retaining and detaining structure as a part of rural rain

water harvesting program by diverting rainwater to them through channels.

Water supply scheme and sewerage conveyance and disposal scheme should be simultaneously

implemented in larger villages and towns with population more than 1000. The treated water should

then be recycled for industries, power generation, agriculture, secondary uses etc. Waste water

treatment plants should be constructed at required limit.

Release of water: Wherever appropriate sites for constructing smaller dams are available, the

local bodies should be permitted to construct them independently. This option is recommended

especially for those sites which have been rejected by WRD on the grounds of being technically and

financially infeasible. The rate per cubic meter for calculating revenue (benefits) by WRD for irrigation is

substantially lower than rate per cubic meter used by Urban Local Bodies. (it ranges between Rs. 3 per

Kilo liter for domestic use and up-to Rs. 20 per Kilo liter for industrial and commercial use).

It is therefore recommended that for all existing as well as proposed water supply schemes,

especially for rural areas, the investments for ensuring water quality by way of water purification and

filtration plants must be taken up simultaneously with the schemes for supplying water for drinking and

domestic purposes. Further, it must be borne in mind that when water supply systems for supplying 140

lpcd are put in place, the necessary investments for treatment (reuse) and disposal of waste water must

be ensured so that untreated domestic waste water does not become a health hazard.

7.2.3. Water for industries

7.2.3.1. Current industrial water requirement

There are concentrated urban centres in Ulhas, Patalganga, Kundalika and Amba valleys in

WFRB. A few isolated centres are located in Vashishthi, Shastri & Karli basins. In Kundalika basin the

development of industries is done by private companies without the agency of MIDC. Industrial water

supply is a in the key elements of revenue earned by WRD. Water requirement in Mm3




Table 7.18: Current industrial water requirement

Sr.No. Category Nos. Water

requirement

in Mm3

Share

in %

1 2 3 4 5

1 M.I.D.C. / non-M.I.D.C. 15262 780.279 100

2 Sugar mills -- -- --

3 Thermal Power -- -- --

Total 780.279 100 Source: Data Aggregation of 28 basins plans

Note: The current industrial demand for water is 0.68 % of the total annual availability.

7.2.3.2. Industrial Water Demand projected for 2030

The projection for 2030 given is based on data received from district industrial centres and

MIDCs where they exist. The industrial belt in Ulhas is over populated and further industrial

development appears uncertain. However nearby centres like Patalganga, Kundalika, Amba has

potential to grow. Other basins have more than sufficient water for industrial development. The water

quality in such basins is fairly good and water industry in such regions should be promoted.

Table 7.19: Industrial Water Demand Projected for 2030

Sr.

No.

Category Nos. Water requirement in

Mm3

Share in %

1 2 3 4 5

1 M.I.D.C. / Non-M.I.D.C. 16057 1345.332 100

2 Sugar mills -- -- --

3 Thermal Power -- -- --

Total 1345.332 100

Source: Data Aggregation of 28 sub-basin plans

Note: The projected industrial demand for water is 2.09 % of the total annual availability.

7.2.3.3. Water Demand of certain important Industries.

Water Demand for industries is different for different industries. It is not possible to contact

each industry (number being too large) which are located in non-M.I.D.C. area. After consultation with

experts, water demands are worked out on the following assumed unit based requirements. The

industry wise per unit water requirement is given in Table 7-20 below.

Table 7.20: Water Demand of certain important Industries

Sr.No. Type of Industrial-unit Water requirement Cu.M. Per

Day / Per Unit

Remarks

1 2 3 4

1 Paper 05-10 / day

200-400 M3/Tone

-

2 Soya oil 05 -




Sr.No. Type of Industrial-unit Water requirement Cu.M. Per

Day / Per Unit

Remarks

1 2 3 4

3 Pulses (Dal) 02 – 03 -

4 Cotton (Ginning) 05 Drinking Water

5 Ice factory / soft drinks 10 – 15 -

6 Mineral – Water 1000 Medium size unit.

7 Paper / Bio-fertilizer 05 -

8 Bricks/Tiles/Marble/Line/PVC/Pipes. 05 Small size unit.

9 Washing powder/Ayurvedic formulations 05 Small size unit.

10 Food processing (Chili, Haldi powder/

cashew-nuts/Aloe-vera)

04 - 05 -

11 Poultry – forms 04 - 05 -

12 Soap Industries 30 – 40 -

13 Automobiles 40 M3/Vehicle -

14 Distillery (Alcohol) 122-170 M3/ m3 -

15 Fertilizer 80-200 M3/Ton -

16 Leather (Tanned) 40 M3/Ton -

17 Petroleum Refinery 1.2 M3/Ton -

18 Steel 200-250 M3/Ton -

19 Sugar 1.2 M3/Ton of crushed cone -

20 Textile 80-140 M3/Ton -

7.2.3.4. Recommendations.

The present practice adopted by MIDC to estimate the demand on the basis of area of industries

needs to be changed. The actual demand based on the nature of production and the pro-rata

requirement for such an activity should be the basis for estimating demand. Demand for high water

consuming industries should preferably be in two parts viz. Consumptive and Non-consumptive. For

industries like soft drinks, bottling etc. most of it would be consumptive. For some industries it is mainly

used for cooling purposes which is non-consumptive. This separation is necessary to consider different

charges for the two and/or for ensuring ‘Zero effluent’ from industries.

Similarly, instead of granting blanket permissions for MIDCs, reservation for water should be

made for a specific period say three years and then reviewed as per actual requirement every five years.

Such reservations would avoid unnecessary blocking of water and encourage efficient use of the scarce

resource. If reserved water is not used, WRD should levy some charge for it from MIDC and use it for

irrigation.

Water supply to scattered industries in the city/town is being made by local municipalities for

which water reservation under category of industrial use is not systematically registered with the Water

Resources Department. It is recommended that such reservations be registered under WRD and the

local bodies be directed to ensure the treatment of effluents strictly as per law.

All industries should shift towards ‘Zero effluent’ policy so as to reduce water consumption and

to prevent degradation of aquatic ecosystems. CPCB should make necessary enactments and make rules

to make it possible within specified number of years.

The water quality in non industry basins in WFRB is fairly good and water industry in such regions should

be promoted.




7.2.4. Water for Environment and importance of Environmental Flows (E-flows)

Highly urbanized and industrialised basins like Vaitarna and Ulhas have polluted the river waters

to a great extent. Ironically these basins have not impounded their water resources to significant levels.

Thus dam construction has not affected the environment in these basins. In fact, it may be necessary in

the future to construct dams solely for the purpose of providing flushing flows to the river courses which

are polluted due to urban habitat. However as per current orders of GoI 1 % environrnental flows shall

be reserved in futur project.

7.2.5. Fisheries: Water for Pisciculture (Inland Fisheries)

At the outset it must be emphasised that water for pisciculture should technically be treated as

a non-consumptive use. Even in the case where water is used for raising fish-fingerlings, it should be

borne in mind that production of fish is now been considered as activity under the category Agriculture

and that it forms an important part of livestock in case of the agrarian system as a whole. This sector

holds a special place because land or water diverted from irrigation to ‘non-irrigation’ use is actually for

producing food and generating employment and transfer of land and water should therefore be

encouraged.

Further, it must be stated that traditional fishing which does not require setting up of nurseries for

fingerlings, etc. are completely dependent on natural river flows and are therefore their need is

completely non-consumptive.

7.2.5.1. Importance of Fish & Fisheries

The total fish production of India is 71 Lakh MT. As per the figures available for the year 2006-

07, Maharashtra is the top 5th fish producing state in India with a total annual fish-production of 5.96

lakhs MT, of which inland-fisheries account for barely 1.32 lakh MT. For the country as a whole the

production-figures are much encouraging accounting for 52% of the country’s annual fish-production. In

the year 2004-05 India produced 63.04 lakh MT of fish, of which 35.26 lakhs MT was the contribution

from inland-fisheries. Therefore, inland fish-production, if well-planned, has the potential of generating

good income for the state as well for the nation. The planning process takes into consideration the

precipitation and the duration of water-stock in the inland reservoirs, ponds, tanks and rivers that would

be necessary to rear this activity. The water stock across the year accelerates and extends the growth of

fisheries.

Maharashtra has 3.17 Lakh ha of inland reservoirs, and those under the water-resources

department have been transferred to the Department of Fisheries for Development of Pisciculture. The

revenue from the lease of reservoirs fetches Rs. 3.0 crores to the state, 50% of which becomes the

source of revenue for the water-resources department. There are 2,603 Fish Co-operative Societies in

the state having 1.83 Lakh fisher-men as its members and the GoM has set itself a target of increasing

the total annual fish-production to 7.0 lakhs MT. With the harvest of off-shore fish production on the

decline due to over-fishing and pollution, it is necessary to take a long-term view of the opportunity for

increasing inland fish-production.




Table 7.21: Norms for contracting the fishing tanks (as per GR dated 30-06-2017, GoM)

Sr.no. Tank type (spread area)

(ha)

Estimated Fish seed

Production (15 mm size)

(no./ha.)

Estimated fish production kg

/ha of water spread

1 2 3 4

1 0-20 5000 1500

2 21-60 100000+2000/ha for every ha

over 20 ha

30000+600/ha for every ha over

20 ha

3 61-200 180000+1000/ha for every ha

over 60 ha

54,000+300/ha for every ha

over 60 ha

4 201-1000 320000+500/ha for every ha

over 200 ha


200 ha

5 1001-2000 720000+500/ha for every ha

over1000 ha


1000 ha

6 >2000 1200000+500/ha for every ha

over 2000


2000 ha

Source - GR dated 30-06-2017, GoM

7.2.5.2. Pisciculture in WFRB :

Fishing is one of the important occupations for communities in the few sub-basins of WFRB. It is

practiced either as a full-time livelihood option or as part-time work by agricultural labourers.

Traditional fisher-folk along with some tribal communities like Dhiwar tribes are skilled fishermen and

have evolved extremely refined practices for sustainable fisheries – both in the river, river-bed pools

(Doha) as well as in the numerous tanks.

Tank-based fishery

Reservoir fishery

River-based fishery

7.2.5.3. Capacity of fish seed centres /Fish conservation ponds

Considering the average water spread area of 20367 ha of the existing projects and farm ponds,

the existing capacity of fish seed censers is 950 lakhs. For keeping the fish seed canters in good

condition, the import of seed packages from other states can be avoided, transportation hazards and

prolong travel time can be reduced and survival rate can be improved.

By considering projected average water spread area 45000 ha of the proposed projects and

farm ponds, with fish seed availability of 2196/ ha, the projected capacity of fish seed centers will be

2099 lakh fish seeds.




There are about 88 fish conservation tanks and 3 existing fish seed centers in the basin and will

increase to about 2016 by 2030. The fish seed centers will also increase to 8 by 2030.

7.2.5.4. Water Spread Area and Fish Production

There are 88 tanks in the basin, which include major, medium, minor State Sector and minor

Local Sector reservoirs and barrages.

Actual fish production of the basin is 1668.52 MT. Overall average rate of fish production is about 81.89

kg/ Ha.

Fish production by 2030 will be 3516 MT.

Table 7.22: No. of tanks, water spread area, fish production, rate of fish production, fish seed centers,

fish conservation ponds and capacity of fish seed rearing tanks for the year 2010 and 2030

Sr.No Particulars 2010 2030

1 2 3 4

1 No. of tanks (major, medium, minor State Sector, and

minor Local Sector, Barrages)

88 216

2 No of farm tanks -- --

3 Water spread area of tanks in Ha 20367 45000

4 Water spread area of farm ponds in Ha -- --

5 Actual and projected fish production from Tanks in MT 1668.52 3516

6 Actual and projected fish production from farm tanks

in MT

-- --

7 Average rate of fish production kg/ha 81.92 78.13

8 Fish seed centre No’s 3 8

9 Fish conservation ponds No’s 3 8

10 Capacity of fish seed rearing centres in lakhs 950 6327

Source: Aggregation of the data given in 28 sub-basin reports of WFRB

7.2.5.5. Cost of Fish production And Employment Generation

There is a huge variation in the market prices of fish, from Rs 20.2 per kg to Rs 100 per kg in

some sub basins. The weighted average rate of 58.2/kg is calculated based on rates and actual fish

production in respective basin. The present actual fish production in the basin is about 1668.52

M.T.(Metric Tons) and its value can be estimated to be about Rs. 9.70 cr. However this is a rough

average and also a conservative estimate since there are many species which fetch a far higher rate per

kg ranging between Rs. 300-450 per Kg.

Projected rate for 2030 in some sub basins ranges from Rs 30 to 100 and weighted average rate

for remaining sub basins is adopted as Rs 76.0 per kg. The projected fish production for year 2030 will be

3516 MT and its value works out to Rs26.72 cr.




There is some scope for employment generation in the basin. The expected employment

generation depends upon the size of water spread area of the major, medium, state sector, minor, local

sector, barrages and farm ponds.

Table 7-1: Expected employment generation

No data for employment generation is available.

7.2.5.6. Water and Land requirement

Water requirement for fish seed centers and fish conservation ponds is negligible comparative

to the availability in WFRB.

7.2.5.7. Co –Operative societies for fisherman:

There are about 103 fisheries co-operative societies, with 6060 members.

Table 7.23: basin wise co-operative societies for fisherman

Sr.No Name of basin No. of societies No. of members No of members

per society

1 2 3 4 5

1 WFRB 103 6060 58.83

Total 103 6060 58.83

7.2.5.8. Infrastructure facilities

Infrastructure facilities like cold storage, two wheelers, four wheelers, laboratories, training

centers, boats, nets, markets etc. are to be provided for increasing the fish production in the basin.

Following provisions may be made in the future irrigation projects wherever Pisciculture activity

is found feasible.

Land required for pisciculture

Proper study of bio – diversity with and without reservoirs.

Quarterly testing of reservoir water for physical, biological and chemical contamination.

Avoid pollution, entry of toxic effluent.

Maintain permanently 3 m depth of water.

Prawn (Zinga) farming should he encouraged in the command area by forming fish ponds in water

logged area (borrow pits near canal)

7.2.5.9. Recommendations

It is recommended that a detailed survey be conducted during 2021 census so that the potential

for employment generation in this sector will be more reliable and accurate.




Fish seed must be stocked in the tanks in the form of atleast semi fingerlings (40mm-50mm)

under the guidance of technical officers and also have station of fisheries under control of the technical

officer’s. Construction of nurseries at the base of medium projects is very essential which will enhance

fish production.

Fisheries department should appoint a technical officer at Taluka level to increase the

interaction between villages a Talukas.

Traditional methods have to be built upon and strengthened while new initiatives like cage

and culture need to be experimented upon to iron out local problems and establish these techniques of

increasing fish production for food and nutrition security.

Water User Associations should be actively involved in management of pisciculture in respective

reservoirs.

Fish processing units should be establish in the sub-basins where, fish processing like dried fish, pickled

fish, fish oil can be produced and remains can be marketed as fertilizers on a large scale.

There is a need to establish ‘Hydrobiology Stations’ in order to study the different kinds of

fisheries in the basin, ways to integrate ecosystem conservation with sustainable use of fish, identifying

and studying the commercial production of indigenous and endemic fish species, studying impacts of

infrastructure development on fish communities, studies on artificial breeding of endangered and

commercially important fish species, fish migration, etc. Water quality assessment, biodiversity

assessment, etc, also can be carried out through these centers.

The reservoir leasing policy of state needs to be compared and reviewed vis-à-vis the average of

annual production figures of the past 3 to 5 years. The lease amount needs to be rationally charged,

commensurate with the production, income and some profit for the fisherman.

Fishing boats, nets are made available by state fisheries department.

Transport facilities, laboratories, training centers, cold storages to handle this perishable item

need to be provided.

7.2.5.10. Case studies

No such surveys and studies carried out in WFRB.

7.2.6. Water for Tourism

Although very important for generation of employment, water-based tourism is a non-

consumptive use and hence it requires no specific allocation of water. However, keeping all the water

bodies clean and wholesome and maintaining E-flows is an important pre-condition not only for

attracting tourists but also for maintaining ecosystems and the flora and fauna within it which form an

important point of attraction. Water required for tourism in domestic requirements worked out above.

7.2.6.1. Agro-Tourism

Since its inception in 1982, NABARD has played a catalytic role in developing rural economy in

Maharashtra State by promoting Rural Non Farm Sector (RNFS) activities by launching of grant based

promotional program. Rural Tourism is one of the activities included in the program.




7.2.6.2. Tourism:

WFRB is situated on the bank of Arabian Sea-shore which has got 720 Km length of Sea-shore.

This Sea-shore provides widal scope to tourism. Mahim-Kelwa, Revas-Mandava, Kihim, Nagaon,

Revdanda, Kashid, Diveagar, Hari-hareshwar, Murud-Harnai, Ganputipule and like this many beaches

have become tourism attraction spots to the tourists in all weather seasons. Coral beach at Tarkarli is a

special attraction to the tourists. Lakhs of tourists visits above beaches and contribute in financial

movements which brought great economic significance to the local population.

The objectives of the program are:

To promote sustainable livelihood in rural areas by way of providing credit support for

construction of new structures for the purpose of Guest Houses.

Credit and promotional support for creating additional employment opportunities through other

tourism related services in rural areas.

Following activities are covered under this scheme:

Lodging / boarding arrangements in local houses.

Lodging / boarding arrangements in log-houses, tree-houses in orchards.

Lodging arrangements in tents in orchards and along the fringe of the lakes.

Local sightseeing, wild life safari, visit to bird sanctuary, national parks etc.

7.2.6.3. Eco-Tourism:

Eco-tourism envisages the involvement of tourists in observing and learning about nature and

participating in conservation and protection of natural resources. The WFRB Basin (Maharashtra) has

many National Parks/ Tiger Reserves and Bird Sanctuaries which currently form the main areas for eco-

tourism. However bird and animal watching, habitat observation, native fish counting, construction of

water holes in buffer areas, camping, trails along the river, etc. could become part of the water-based

eco-tourism.

As the huge water spread area is available in the basin, special river corridors or fish sanctuaries

can also be identified in the course of the river and its tributaries and can be developed as eco-tourism

sites. Habitat conservation programs can be integrated in the tourism activities. Facilities for rafts or row

boats could be provided for rowing in streams falling in the buffer zone or in non-core areas for

observing wildlife and forests.

These activities can be started by communities in the newly formed forest villages, in buffer

areas, in areas affected by human-wildlife conflict as additional source of income. However, training and

capacity building with emphasis on sustainable tourism must be available.

7.2.6.4. Pilgrim centres and Historical places

In WFRB there are many pilgrim places like Billmora Temple at Navasari, Panchwati, Kalaram

Temple, Ram Kunda, Muktidham and Pandavleni at Nashik, Mahalaxmi temple at Vivalvedhe,

Ballaleshwar (Ganesh) Mandir at Pali, MahadGanpatiMandir near Khopoli, KunkeshwarMandir near

Alibag, Birla Ganesh Mandir at Salao, HarihareshwarDakshinKashi, KadyavarachaGanpati at Anjarle, Lord

ParashuramaTample at Village Parashuram, Marleshwar&Ganpatipule Temple near Ratnagiri,




ParamhansaSadghru Swami Swarupanand Samadhi at Pavas provide ritual shrines to the religious

people.

Historical Forts like Shirgaon Fort near Dahanu, Sudhagad and Sarasgad Fort at Pali, Janjira Fort

at Murud (Raigad), Kolaba Fort at Alibag, Korlai Fort at Korlai, Raigad Fort near Mahad, Mandangad Fort

at Mandangad, Jaigad Fort, Ranjangad Fort at village Narur& Vijay Durga are major locations which

provide attractions to the Highkers and Trackers and Historical students.

Also there are National shrines like “KrantiBhumi” at Chaudar Tale in Mahad andRaigad Hill Fort

is the Capital of Maratha KingdomShriChhatrapatiShiwajiMaharaj.

At the foot of Bhima Shankar hills, Purna, Jawahar and Mokhada, Shahapurtaluka&Karnala,

Phansadare the wild life sanctuaries places in the WFRB which provide healthy and protected life to the

wild animals and birds. These wild life sanctuaries are also contributing scope to the tourists.

Matheran Hills near Mumbai and Mahableshwar as well as Saputara (Nasik) are the hill stations

provide attraction spots to the tourist creating economic significance to the local population.

7.2.7. Navigation

Inland Water Transport (IWT)

In WFRB the rivers form an estuary when it meets the Arabian Sea. Navigation mainly takes

place in this region where there is perennial supply of water. Some limited navigation is observed in

large reservoirs like Bhatsa and Tillari. Some of the estuation routes are used for interstate travel for a

long time in the past. Few such routes are given in the following table.

Table 7.24: Some of the important Interstate water routes

Sr.

No.

Basin River From To

1 2 3 4 5

1 Ambika (MS) Ambika Suragana(Nasik-MS) Arabian Sea In Gujarat

2 Auranga (MS) Tan Suragana(Nasik-MS) Viraval(Gujrat)

Man Karanjul (Nasik-MS) Viraval(Gujrat)

3 Narpar Par Kemdongar(surgana-Nasik-MS) Behadpada(Gujarat)

4 Damanganga Damanganga AmbegaonTalDindori-Nasik

(MS)

Arabian Sea in Gujarat

5 Streams Bet amanganga

and Vaitarna

Streams Bet

Damanganga and

Vaitarna

Dahanu,Talsari,palghar (MS) Arabian Sea In Gujarat

6 Tillari Tillari Tudyie(MS) Vagator (Goa)

7 Terekhol Terekhol Gutewadi(MS) Aronda (Goa)

7.3. List of References

Water Stress Indicator, MalinFalkenmark, Swedish Academy of Sciences, 1989

Environmental Flows, Water. The World Bank Group. Website. http://water.worldbank.org/topics/environmental-

services/environmental-flows

The Report of the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal with the Decision, 2007.

Guidelines for Preparation of River Basin Master Plan, Central Water Commission & Government of India, 2007.




Hirji, R.; Davis, R. Environmental Flows in Water Resources Policies, Plans, and Projects. The World Bank. 2009.

Document from website.

The Report of the Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal with the Decision, 2010.

Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Maharashtra: Regional Officer, Maharashtra Industrial Development

Corporation, District Deputy Registrar Cooperative Societies, Manager, District Industry Center, 2010-11.

Directorate of Economics and Statistics, GoM: District Planning Officer, DPC, Maharashtra Tourism Development

Corporation, 2010-11

National Water Policy, 2012.

http://www.wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2009/06/04/00

0334955_20090604063828/Rendered/PDF/487430PUB0envi101Official0Use0Only1.pd

Environmental Flows (Eflows) for Rivers in Maharashtra, Securing Flows for People and Rivers:

Report of the Sub Committee on Eflows, MWRRA, GoM, 2015. State Plan of Godavari Basin given

by MJP. Personal communication and discussion with Dr.Abhay Bang, Society for Education Action and

Research, in Community Health (SEARCH), Gadchiroli, Maharashtra, December 8, 2016.)

No drinking water at 31% of Maharashtra’s schools: Survey, Pratham’s Annual Survey of

Education Report, 2010, News: DNA, dated 16/01/2011 (http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-no-

drinking-water-at-31-of-maharashtra-schools-survey-1495080 ).




8. Water Transfer Management

Large variation of natural surface water availability within many basins or sub-basins exists in

Maharashtra state in general and in West Flowing River Basin in particular. Average annual yield rate

varies from 3.31 Mm3/sq.km in Tilari basin to 0.99 Mm

3/sq.km in Ambika basin of West Flowing River

Basin (WFRB). Projects for interstate water transfer, inter-basin transfer of water within state as well as

inter-sub-basin water transfer are in existence and are also being planned. Shortage of water resources,

continuous drought situations or flood situations demand planning of these projects in aggrieved sub-

basins or water-deficit sub-basins in particular. Priority of water use is also equally important. Detailed

feasibility shows that these are technically feasible and economically sound schemes; however not all.

Surplus water available is diverted for use in water-deficit basins/sub-basins. However, there is sharp

resistance from the stakeholders of surplus water areas for water transfer into deficit area; also

involving incidences of clashes amongst these groups. There are options to improve water availability

for meeting future irrigation needs. There are cases where there are geographical advantages enabling

feasibility of water transfer by gravity schemes without involving costly pumping system. Improved

water management is economically more attractive than bringing water from far away locations,

through a costly grid. Demand management by improving water use efficiency, evaporation control,

recycling and reuse of water, etc., can also achieve the requisite objectives and is also a need of the

hour. Small water harvesting structures can improve soil moisture and recharging ground water as an

alternative to long distance water transfers. The continued flood and drought situations in the recent

past in various parts of the country and the consequent loss of life and property necessitated the

Government of India in preparing a National Perspective Plan for interlinking the rivers.

National and State water policies have underlined the principle of equitable distribution of

water. It is also emphasized by Tribunal Awards which reads: “The cardinal principle of equitable

distribution of water of river basin is that there should be equitable apportionment of the benefits of

river and needless wastage of water should be prevented and efficient utilization encouraged’.

8.1. Interstate water projects

8.1.1. Inter linking of Rivers

West Flowing River Basin is covered by four states viz. Maharashtra, Gujrat, Karnataka and Goa.

The National Water Development Agency (NWDA), GoI, has identified 2 inter-basin water transfer link

namely Damanganga – Pinjal and Par -Tapi-Narmada. As per prefeasibility report of P-T-N link, a total

quantum of 434 Mcum is to be transfer to Gujrat State and from D-P link, a total quantum of 579 Mcum

is to be transfer to Mumbai.

8.1.2. Interstate Projects

In 1976, State of Maharshtra and State of Goa had planned Tilari Interstate Project by mutual

agreement wherein a water transfer of 464.163 Mcum was enviseged. There is also an Inter Basin

Transfer from Tilari Basin to Mahadayi Basin. There is no other Interstate Project in WFRB.




Table 8.1: Proposed River Interlinking Projects in West Flowing River Basin

Sr. Project Donor

basin/Basin

West Flowing

River Sub-

basin

Reciever

Basin /

State

Water transfer proposed

No. Mm3 TMC

Export

1 Tilari

Interstate

Project

West Flowing

River Basin

Tilari Goa 464.163 16.38

2 Damanganga

Pinjal Link

West Flowing

River Basin

Damanganga Gujrat Quantum of water to be

transfered to Gujrat state will

be finalised after MoU. 3 Par-Tapi-

Narmada Link

West Flowing

River Basin

Ambika Gujrat

Auranga

Nar-Par

Sub-total 464.163 16.38

8.2. Inter-basin diversion within State of Maharashtra

Maharashtra State is covered by five basins viz. Godavari, Krishna, Tapi, Narmada, and west

Flowing Rivers (WFR). A geographical advantage, surplus water availability, shortage of water has lead to

planning of inter basin water diversion within the state of Maharashtra. Most of the planning of the

water available for planned use is completed. There is increasing demand of such schemes in water

short areas.

It is planned to transfer water from basins of Damanganga to Vaitarna River by constructing

dams at Bhugad and Khargihill in Damanganga and Pinjal in Vaitarna Basin. The total water to be

transfered is 882 Mcum out of which 579 Mcum is proposed to be used for drinking water needs of

Mumbai. Thus, for the purpose of this paragraph the Inter Basin diversion works out to be 579 Mcum.

Another scheme is also planned to transfer excess water in Nar - Par Basin of WFRB to Tapi and Godavari

Basins. There has been a persistent demand from Tapi and Godavari Basins since 2001 for these waters

GoM had appointed a Chief Engineers Commitee to investigate into the comparative needs of the

concerned basins and recommend the quantum of transfer. The commitee has submitted the report to

GoM. Simillarly the par-Tapi-Narmada link MoU is also under process. The revised planning as per the

availability of Water is given in Table No. 8.2.




227

Table 8.2: Summary of Proposed diversion of West Flowing River to Tapi, Godavari and Krishna Basin

S N

Category of diversion

Donor / Receiver

Project Purpose Present Future Cumulative

From - To Basin/Sub -basin

Imp Exp Imp Exp Imp Exp Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 A Import

1 Krishna Basin Ulhas All purpose 341.2 0 0 0 341.2 0

2 Krishna Basin Patalganga All purpose 179.4 0 0 0 179.4 0

3 Krishna Basin

(Mulshi Dam)

Kundlika All purpose 680 0 0 0 680 0

4 Krishna Basin (

Koyana Tail Race)

Vashsthi All purpose 1911.3 0 0 0 1911.3 0

5 Damanganga

(Gujarat State Area)

Damanganga

(Maharashtra

State)

All purpose 0 0 107.37 0 107.37 0

Total Import 3111.9 0 107.37 0 3219.27 0

B Export

TAPI BASIN

1 Ambika Tapi Chirai Irrigation 0 4.28 0 0 0 4.28

Nagshevadi Irrigation 0 3.97 0 0 0 3.97

Muthichapada Irrigation 0 0 0 8 0 8

Total Export from Ambika 0 8.25 0 8 0 16.25

2 Aurnga Tapi (Girna) Songir Irrigation 0 0 0 20 0 20

Umbarpada Irrigation 0 0 0 25 0 25

Sarnya-awal Irrigation 0 0 0 15 0 15

Total Export from Auranga 0 0 0 60 0 60

3 Nar-Par Tapi (Girna) Mankhed Irrigation 0 0 0 10 0 10

Pratapgad Irrigation 0 0 0 31 0 31

Banpada Irrigation 0 0 0 5 0 5

Rakshasbhuvan Irrigation 0 0 0 65 0 65

Milan Irrigation 0 0 0 30 0 30

Ghodi Irrigation 0 0 0 13.6 0 13.6




228

S N


Donor / Receiver




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Devmal Irrigation 0 0 0 9 0 9

Ukhadmal Irrigation 0 0 0 18 0 18

Savarpada Irrigation 0 0 0 55 0 55

Manjarpada-2 Irrigation 0 0 0 17.98 0 17.98

Total Export from Nar-Par 0 0 0 254.58 0 254.58

Total Export for Tapi 0 8.25 0 322.58 0 330.83

GODAVARI BASIN

4 Nar-Par Godavari

( Upper

Godavari)

Ranpada Irrigation 0 0.436 0 0 0 0.436

Chphyachpada Irrigation 0 0.365 0 0 0 0.365

Palasvihir Irrigation 0 1.17 0 0 0 1.17

Manjarpada -1 Irrigation 0 17.16 0 0 0 17.16

Dhondalpada Irrigation 0 2.055 0 0 0 2.055

Hattipada Irrigation 0 1.6 0 0 0 1.6

Nanashi Irrigation 0 1.557 0 0 0 1.557

Ambad Irrigation 0 1.043 0 0 0 1.043

Chimanpada Irrigation 0 1.334 0 0 0 1.334

Payarpada Irrigation 0 2.257 0 0 0 2.257

ChillarPada Irrigation 0 1.25 0 0 0 1.25

Par-Godavari LIS Irrigation 0 0 0 30.965 0 30.965

Total Export from Nar-Par 0 30.227 0 30.965 0 61.192

5 Damanganga Godavari

( Upper

Godavari)

Goloshi-1 Irrigation 0 3.113 0 0 0 3.113

Zalipada Irrigation 0 1.36 0 0 0 1.36

Ambegan Irrigation 0 1.87 0 0 0 1.87

Pinjaran Irrigation 0 1.681 0 0 0 1.681

Amboli Irrigation 0 0.96 0 0 0 0.96

Goloshi Mahaje Irrigation 0 8.53 0 0 0 8.53

Waghera Irrigation 0 1.191 0 0 0 1.191

Amboli-Walunje Irrigation 0 0 0 1.45 0 1.45

Kalmuste Irrigation 0 0 0 19.37 0 19.37




229

S N


Donor / Receiver




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Ekdare All purpose 0 0 0 143 0 143

Vagh-Wal-

UpperVaitarna-

Kadava-Devnadi

Link

All purpose 0 0 0 102 0 102

Total Export from Damanganga 0 18.705 0 265.82 0 284.525

6 Vaitarna Godavari

( Upper

Godavari)

Mukane Irrigation 0 28.5 0 155.5 0 184

Vagh-Wal-

UpperVaitarna-

Kadava-Devnadi

Link

All purpose 0 0 0 100 0 100

North Kokan to

Godavari Valley

All purpose 0 0 0 566.40 0 566.40

Future Diversion Irrigation 0 0 0 240.07 0 240.07

Total Export from Vaitarna 0 28.5 0 1061.97 0 1090.47

7 Ulhas Godavari

( Pravara)

Hivara and

Samrad

Irrigation 0 0 0 31.33 0 31.33

Godavari

( Mula)

TolariKhind Irrigation 0 0 0 19.48 0 19.48

Khareshwar Irrigation 0 0 0 40.01 0 40.01

SadadaGhat Irrigation 0 0 0 11.13 0 11.13

PalharGhat Irrigation 0 0 0 7.67 0 7.67

Ghatghar Irrigation 0 0 0 11.5 0 11.5

Godavari

( Upper

Godavari)

Kapwadi Irrigation 0 0 0 5.663 0 5.663

North Kokan to

Godavari Valley

All purpose 0 0 0 1693.03 0 1693.03

Total Export from Ulhas 0 0 0 1819.813 0 1819.813

Total Export to Godavari 0 77.432 0 3178.568 0 3256.000




230

S N


Donor / Receiver




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 8 Ulhas Krishna/

Bhima

Irrigation 0 0 0 29.97 0 29.97

9 Amba Krishna/

Bhima

Irrigation 0 0 0 141.6 0 141.6

10 Kundlika Krishna/

Bhima

Irrigation 0 0 0 920.74 0 920.74

11 Savitri Krishna/

Bhima

Irrigation 0 0 0 849.6 0 849.6

12 Vashsthi Krishna/

Bhima

Irrigation 0 0 0 40.89 0 40.89

Total Export to Krishna 0 0 0 1982.8 0 1982.8

13 Tillari Goa Irrigation 0 464.163 0 0 0 464.163

Total Export to Goa 0 464.163 0 0 0 464.163

Total Export from WFRB 0 549.845 0 5483.948 0 6033.793

*As per water planning for 2030 the balance quantities of water in Vaitarna and Ulhas basins is 2223 and 4476 Mcum respectively. The ISWP for Godavary basin which

has recieved sanction from SWC in November 2017 includes diversion of 2831 Mcum from North Konkan basins. Like wise this ISWP of WFR basins stipulates an export of

2831 Mcum from Vaitarna and Ulhas river basins. The quantity that can actualy be exported to Godavari can be ascertained only after detailed project investigations.




8.3. Left over water as per Tribunal.

This para deals with Tribunal awards regarding waters flowing to other states which are not the

case with WFRB hence information of these aspects of WFRB should be treated as Nil.

8.4. Inter sub-basin (Intra-basin) water transfer

For providing drinking water to Mumbai, Thane, Vasai - Virar, Mira Bhyayandar, etc, transfer of

water from Vaitarna, Damanganga, and Ulhas is affected by several water supply schemes. All such

transfers have been accounted for while preparing water balance for individual basins.

Table 8.3.: Intra basin water diversion schemes

Sr.

N

o.

Category of

diversion Donor/ Project/

Point of

transfer

Purpose

Present Future Cumulative

From - To Receiver Import Export Import Export Import Export

Basin/Sub-basin Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3

1 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Damanganga Damanganga/

Vaitarana

Bhugad

and

Khargehill

Dam

Irrigation

and

Drinking

0 0 0 783.765 0 783.765

2 Vaitarana Vaitarana/

Ulhas

Surya –

Kawdas Drinking 0 276.05 0 0 0 276.05

3 Vaitarana

Vaitarana/

Stream Between

D & V

Surya Dam

Irrigation

and Non

Irrigation

0 143.835 0 0 0 143.835

4 Vaitarana Vaitarna/Mumb

ai iland

Tansa,

Modak

sagar,

Middle and

Upper

vaitarna,

Pinjal,

Gargai

Industrie

s and

Drinking

0 740.67 1210.11 0 1950.78

5 Ulhas Ulhas/Mumbai

Iland Bhatsa

Industrie

s and

Drinking

545.39 0 0 545.39

6 Kundlika Kundlika/Amba

Amba

Valley

Project

Irrigation 0 316.01 0 0 0 316.01

7 Kajvi Kajvi/Shastri Kajvi River Industry 0 3 0 7 0 10

8 Tillari Tillari/ Terekhol Tillari Dam

Canal

Irrigation

and Non

Irrigation

0 0 0 141.694 0 141.694

9 Tillari Tillari/ Vengurla

Tillari Dam

Banda

Branch

Canal

Drinking 0 0 0 1.107 0 1.107

10 Mahadayi Mahadayi /

Tillari

M.J.P.Wate

r Supply

Scheme

Drinking 0 0 0 80 0 80

Total 0 2024.955 0 2223.676 0 4248.631




8.5. Alternative options for water diversion schemes

Earlier a proposal was investigated by WRD to divert tail waters of KHEP to Mumbai city for

drinking purposes. However, with the finalization of DP Link this proposal is not under active

consideration.

8.6. Conclusions and recommendations

The overall scenario of water transfer from WFRB to other basins is summerized as given below;

1. Transfer to Goa state (Tilari) - 464.163 Mcum

2. Transfer from Auranga, Ambika, Nar-Par to Tapi (Girna) – 330.83 Mcum

3. Transfer from Nar-Par to Godavari – 61.192 Mcum

4. Transfer from Damanganga to Godavari – 284.525 Mcum

5. Transfer of Water from WFRB to Krishna Basin—1982.80 Mcum




9. Watershed Development and Management

9.1. Watershed development.

9.1.1. Concept of Watershed Development and Management

In the seventies and eighties of the last century, concept of Watershed development (WSD)

works was initiated by some enlightened social workers in the Maharashtra state, who motivated

cultivators from some watersheds to come together to carry out water and soil conservation works to

augment GW recharge to enable providing protective irrigation to seasonal Kharif and Rabi crops. Water

and soil conservation and increasing green cover in the watershed helped in improving availability of

some basic needs of the beneficiaries such as food, water, employment, fuel and fodder. Some existing

Govt. schemes of soil and water conservation were integrated in the WSD scheme, but success of the

scheme was mainly due to cooperation and understanding amongst the beneficiaries in sharing all

benefits from the scheme in an equitable manner. Beneficiaries of this scheme were small and marginal

farmers located in upper reaches of the streams and nallas, who were bypassed by the benefits of

surface irrigation schemes implemented by WRD, WCD and ZP.

Looking to the potential of this scheme in the overall development of rural area, GoM took a

policy decision to take up these schemes as Govt. schemes and since 1990, WSD works are being

undertaken as Govt. schemes through Water Conservation Deptt.(WCD) of GoM. Main objective of

undertaking these works is to augment GW recharge through different types of Water Conservation

works carried out on mini watersheds (less than about 500 ha) from ridge to valley – on streams and on

the land in between. Such works are planned in the watersheds where the sub strata are amenable to

GW recharge i.e. soil and strata below has sufficient porosity, transmissivity and retentivity for GW

recharge. Incidentally these structures conserve soil to improve fertility of the cultivated land and also

help in lowering rate of siltation in the reservoirs located on its downstream. It is supported by Bio

measures such as pasture development, planting and nurturing of trees on waste lands, nalla banks,

field bunds etc. so as to meet fuel and fodder needs in future and to protect and improve the

environment.

Even if natural GW recharge due to rainwater takes place over all area of any watershed,

entitlement of GW is attached to the landowner who digs or drills well in his land. It is not treated as an

unfructuous i.e. common resource of water having right of all land owners in the watershed. However,

since WSD works are now being carried out as Govt. schemes at the cost of public money, entitlement /

right on the augmented recharge of GW due to WSD works should be treated as common right of

involved beneficiaries in the watershed. Even then, it is physically not possible to allocate such right

equally to all the landowners in the watershed. Aim of watershed management is to share various

benefits derived from WSD works in an equitable but not in an equal manner. Hence management of

WSD works should be entrusted to all potential beneficiaries from the watershed. In order that

benefits of GW exploitation are not usurped by few influential cultivators in the watershed, there has to

be involvement of all stake holders in the management of WSD works. GW could be used by many

cultivators if it provides protective irrigation to Kharif and Rabi crops on existing and potential new

wells. Some wells near the ‘Gaothan’ would have to be kept reserved as a source of drinking water for

people and for cattle. No well should be drilled/dug within specified radius (As per recent GW Act of

2009/2013) from these drinking water wells.




Cooperation and contribution of beneficiaries is also required to de silt CCTs, earthen bunds,

bandharas, farm ponds and percolation tanks. Removal of silt ensures more efficient GW recharge from

the same structure. If the silt is spread on farmland it improves fertility of land. Pastures should be

developed on land having very shallow soil cover and on the strips of land in between Continuous

Contour Trenches (CCT). Grass grown should be cut and used for stall-feeding of cattle. Grazing of cattle

should be banned. Trees, which would provide fuel for cooking and fodder for cattle should be planted

along field boundaries, nalla banks, Govt. lands and fallow/waste lands. If protected from cattle and

nurtured for 2-3 years, these trees would meet fuel needs for people and fodder needs for cattle in the

future. Cooperation of all beneficiaries is necessary in ensuring ‘No cattle grazing in the watershed’

(Charai Bandi) and ‘No use of Axe for cutting of trees’ (Kurhad Bandi). Then only these expected benefits

could be accrued, and degradation of environment would also be prevented.

9.1.2. Types of Watershed Development Works –

Various types of works as indicated below are carried out under WSD works

1. Works on streams, from ridge down to valley and purpose -

2. Gully plugs i.e. loose boulder bunds – Prevent soil erosion

3. Earthen bunds – Conserve soil and water

4. Masonry/concrete bandharas – Conserve water, raise GW Table on either banks to augment GW

recharge and conserve soil

5. Gabian/gunny bag temporary bandharas (Vanarai) - Conserve water and soil

6. Underground bandharas – Conserve water below stream bed

7. Percolation dams – Conserve water to recharge GW on downstream and to conserve soil

8. Works on land between two nallas and purpose –

9. Continuous/Discontinuous Contour Trenches - Conserve soil and water

10. Contour bunding on cultivable land – Conserve soil and incidentally water

11. Farm ponds – Conserve water to recharge GW and/or to provide protective irrigation to seasonal

crops

12. Bio measures to improve environment –

13. Developing pasture on land with shallow soil cover – Conserve soil and meet fodder needs of

cattle

14. Planting and nurturing trees on field boundaries, nalla banks, waste land etc. – Meet fuel needs

for cooking and fodder needs for cattle in the future.




9.1.3. Prioritisation in selecting Watershed for taking up WSD works

Firstly, it is essential to carry out necessary geological investigations of each watershed to

ensure that the substrata are amenable to augment GW recharge. Priority in selecting watersheds

should be given for watersheds in drought prone basins. There also priority should be for overexploited,

critical, semi critical and underexploited watersheds, in that order. Priority should also be given for

watersheds, which include ‘Difficult villages’. It is learnt that WCD does not have any such policy in

taking up the works for implementation. Hereafter at least, such watersheds should be selected where

beneficiaries give undertaking that they would share the benefits equitably, would implement ‘Charai

bandi and Kurhad bandi’ strictly and would reserve some wells near villages exclusively for drinking

water purposes.

9.1.4. Sub basin wise details of watersheds –

In all the twenty-seven basins, some or all types of works are carried out from time to time as

per site requirement and program of the concerned Departments. Table below shows details of area

completed and area to be completed. Area completed varies from 1% in the case of Tillari basin to 100

% in the case of Gad Basin. Table also shows that there is a wide gap to be fulfilled in near future.

In WFRB there are steep sloping areas covered with trees and such land are privately owned.

The culturable area is decided by simply adding the lands as per Revenue records. Some areas with

slopes more than 1:10 should actually be classified as 'PotKharaba' land unless they are under actual

cultivation. Secondly there should be a plan to bring all culturable area under Irrigation under one or

another form of Irrigation viz. Major, Medium, Minor State and M.I.Local, Local self Government bodies

agriculture Dept. etc. such a plan can be prepared without thorough investigation in next two to three

years and included in the First Revision of ISWP.




Table 9.1: Sub basin wise details of watersheds

Note :- 1) Marked sub basin have no information about categories of priorities

2) Prioritisation is considered as

(a) Categorised "Safe" is reported as "Least"

(b) Caterogised "critical " is reported as " high"

(c) Caterogised "semi critical" as "Moderate"

Sr.

No.

Name of Sub

Basin

No. of

Water

sheds

Area of

Water

shed (In

Lakh Ha.)

Worthy

Area of

Water shed

(In Lakh Ha)

Completed

Area (In

Lakh Ha)

Percentage

of col. 6 to

col. 5.

Categories of Prioritisation

Least Low Medium High

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1 Ambika 1 0.106 0.106 0.048 45% 1 - - -

2 Auranga 1 0.103 0.103 0.075 74% 1 - - -

3 Narpar 2 0.580 0.580 0.238 41% 2 - - -

4 Damanganga 9 0.854 0.854 0.309 36% 9 - - -

5 Vaitarna 17 2.185 2.185 1.030 47% 17 - - -

6 Streams

btwn D & V

3 0.681 0.681 0.248 36% 3 - - -

7 Ulhas 11 2.288 2.288 1.243 54% 11 - - -

8 Patalganga 5 2.393 2.393 0.000 0% 5 - - -

9 Amba 2 0.433 0.433 0.147 34% 2 - - -

10 Kundalika 2 0.930 0.930 0.000 0% 2 - - -

11 Mhasala 2 0.466 0.466 0.000 0% 2 - - -

12 Savitri 6 1.127 1.127 0.000 0% 6 - - -

13 Bharja 1 0.166 0.166 0.000 0% 1 - - -

14 Vashishthi 6 1.538 1.538 0.020 1% 6 - - -

15 Shastri 9 2.629 2.629 0.049 2% 9 - - -

16 Muchkundi 1 0.859 0.859 0.000 0% 1 - - -

17 Kajavi 1 0.571 0.571 0.000 0% 1 - - -

18 Kodavali 1 0.717 0.717 0.028 4% 1 - - -

19 Waghotan 1 0.984 0.984 0.122 12% 1 - - -

20 Devgad 2 0.688 0.688 0.189 27% 2 - - -

21 Achara 1 0.250 0.250 0.154 61% 1 - - -

22 Gad 1 1.026 1.026 1.025 100% 1 - - -

23 Karli 1 0.864 0.864 0.158 18% 1 - - -

24 Vengurla 1 0.342 0.342 0.342 100% 1 - - -

25 Terkhol 1 0.710 0.710 0.167 23% 1 - - -

26 Tillari 1 0.466 0.466 0.007 1% 1 - - -

27 Mahadayi 0 0.077 0.077 0.000 0% - - -

28 Mumbai

Island

2 0.603 0.603 0 2

Entire

Konkan

91 24.635 24.635 5.60 91




9.1.5. Impact of Watershed Development Works

Conservation of water enables percolation of rainwater in ground to recharge GW. It is the main

objective of WSD works. Same structure can ensure recharge of GW with every spell of rain and total

recharge in a season can be much more than the storage capacity of the structure. Surface water

evaporates but GW does not evaporate. Augmentation of GW can provide protective irrigation (during

dry spells in monsoon and early recession of monsoon) to ensure more productive Kharif crop. It can also

provide one or two watering to Rabi crops. Because of improved returns due to providing of protective

irrigation to Kharif and Rabi crops, it provides solace to the farmers practicing rain-fed cultivation.

Conservation of topsoil containing humus, duly achieved by different types of structures

prevents erosion of soil which takes place with the rainwater. Removal of accumulated silt in these

structures facilitates quicker percolation of rainwater conserved in these structures and ensures more

GW recharge. If the silt is spread on fields, it improves fertility of land.

Assured crop in Kharif season and Increase in irrigated area in Rabi season increases overall

productivity of land, more earnings to the cultivators and creates more employment opportunities for

landless laborers nearly all the year round.

With the additional GW recharge and reservation of wells near village for drinking purposes

problem of drinking water for people and cattle gets solved, except during drought years, when supply

has to be made by Water Tankers. Improved water and fodder availability promotes growth of

development of dairy and poultry, which provides additional source of income to the farmers and create

more employment opportunities.

Problem of getting fuel for cooking (which at present is by cutting trees & brushwood and from

farm waste) and problem of fodder for cattle could be solved due to development of pastures and by

planting trees. It prevents degradation of terrestrial ecosystems. Improved productivity of land improves

fodder availability and more agricultural waste to use as fuel.

WSD works have small gestation period (when compared with dam-canal schemes) and hence

benefits could be accrued early, if the beneficiaries operate the schemes efficiently. WSD structures do

not involve submergence of cultivable area (Except in percolation tanks) and therefore do not affect the

cultivators.

WSD works are supposed to conserve water to augment GW recharge by means of various types

of structures constructed in the watershed. Each structure would conserve and recharge GW in every rain

spell. Hence recharge of GW may be 4 to 5 times the storage capacity of such structures. Additional area

that can be irrigated from such augmentation would depend on the quantum of GW recharge. It would

mean that whenever WSD works are carried out over some area, there is augmentation of GW recharge

and corresponding less water would be available for dams located on its downstream. Irrigation potential

of those dams would have to be proportionately reduced. This is the price we have to pay to ensure

equity in allocation of irrigation benefits in the sub basins and basins.

Since soil gets conserved in the WSD works, there is some solace by way of reduction in siltation

of reservoirs located on downstream.




9.1.6. Performance evaluation of completed WSD works –

As indicated above, success of WSD works depends on cooperation and understanding amongst

the beneficiaries of the scheme in ensuring and achieving equitable sharing of the benefits. We often

hear success stories of only few WSD schemes in the State, most of which were undertaken with the

initiative of enlightened social workers. Since 1990, GoM has been spending huge funds for WSD

schemes, which aim at upliftment of marginal farmers through equitable allocation and sharing of

irrigation benefits.

WCD has issued circular indicating life of various types of engineering structures such as CC

Trenches, Earthen bunds, bandharas etc. Life of these structures depends on quality of construction by

WCD and how they are operated & maintained by the beneficiaries. If desilting of CCT, earthen bunds,

bandharas, percolation tanks etc. is carried out periodically by the beneficiaries, these structures would

remain effective in ensuring GW recharge efficiently for long time. If there is any damage to earthen

bunds, bandharas, percolation tanks due to unprecedented rains in any year, WCD would have to

estimate the cost of remedial works and carry out repairs through special funds specifically allocated for

such repairs. But routine repairs have to be carried out by the beneficiaries. Review of status of all

engineering structures should be a part of the performance evaluation of completed works carried out

as suggested below. WCD should reissue the norms of age of different types of structures duly taking

into consideration all such factors.

Govt. has been spending crores of rupees on this scheme in the state. It is proposed to complete

these works in about 3 to 4 years (which appears very difficult). Hence there is need to carry out

performance evaluation of some completed schemes (by random selection method for each

Region/Agro-climatic zone/category of sub basin) immediately to know actual utility of this scheme in

achieving its desired objectives. Every year some schemes should be selected from schemes completed

in the earlier years and their performance evaluation should be carried out through Agriculture

Universities, WALMI and NGOs working in this sector. Such review should also be carried out again

periodically say after every 5 to 10 years for the selected schemes. These schemes should be selected

from drought prone areas, overexploited / critically exploited watersheds, normal watersheds etc. to

know type of response from cultivators under different agro-climatic conditions. It is desirable to select

some successful schemes and some unsuccessful schemes, to know the causative factors behind their

success and failure. It is also necessary to record views of the beneficiaries of the selected schemes by

the agencies carrying out performance evaluation. Outcome of this exercise would help in improvement

in planning, designing and implementing schemes in future. Aim should be to make best use of the

investment in providing benefits to poor cultivators on a sustainable basis.

Following schemes in different basins have been evaluated on representative basis by

concerned department in the WFRB.




1. Ambika Basin

Table - Increase in Recharge due to Completed of Small Scale Irrigation Schemes

Sr.

No.

Type of Structure Village Recharge to Groundwater as

percentage of Gross Storage

1 K T weir 1 No of K.T.Bandhara 50%

Tal.- Surgana (1)

2 Cement Concrete

Bandhara

8 Nos of Pacca Bandharas 50%

Tal.- Surgana (8)

3 Percolation Tank 5 Nos of Percolation Tank 50%

Tal.- Surgana (5)

3 VillageTank 22 Nos of VillageTank 50%

Tal.- Surgana (22)

2. Damanganga


Sr.

No.

Type Of Structure Village Recharge To

Groundwater As

Percentage Of Gross

Storage

1 K T Weir 174 Nos of K T Weirs &Pacca

Bandharas In The Basin.

50%

Nashik(174)

2 K T Weir 136 Nos of K T Weirs & Pacca

Bandharas In The Basin .

50%

Palghar(136)

3 Minor Irrigation Tank Pimpurna, 50%

Tal.- Jawhar(1)

4 Minor Irrigation Tank Khoch, Tulyachapada 50%

Tal.- Mokhada(2)




3. Ulhas Basin


Sr.

No.

Type of Structure Village Recharge to Ground

water as percentage of

Gross Storage

1 K T weir Dahivali and Falegaon

Tal.- Kalyan(1)

50%

2 Minor Irrigation

Tank

Vidhe,Shirasunwadi, Kishor,

Kedurli,Mahasa Tal.-

Murbad (5)

50%

3 Minor Irrigation

Tank

Juchandra

Tal.- Vasai (1)

50%

4 Minor Irrigation

Tank

Pashaneand Karav, Khadape,

Patarj Tal.- Karjat(3)

50%

4. Vaitarna Basin

Sr.

No.

Type of Structure Village Recharge to Ground

water as percentage of

Gross Storage

1 K T weir Harampur and Karanje &75 Nos

of Pacca Bandharas,

Tal.- Wada (77)

50%

2 K T weir 63 Nos Pacca Bandharas Tal.-

Shahapur (63)

50%

3 Minor Irrigation

Tank

Gadhavkhind, Kalshetipada,

Tal.- Jawhar (2)

50%

4 Minor Irrigation

Tank

Karvel Tal.- Karjat(3) 50%




9.1.7. Criteria for deciding status of exploitation of GW

As per present GW assessment of the State by GSDA/CGWB, net GW availability for future

irrigation is worked out by considering the net GW availability less existing Gross GW Draft for all uses

less provision for domestic and industrial requirement up to 2025. However, in the State Water Board

(SWB) during its 3rd meeting it was decided to consider 70% of the proposed quantum for GW Plan (i.e.

70% of the net GW availability as exploitable). The same guidelines of SWB are considered in the present

report.

All watersheds in WFRB are considered Safe as shown in Table 9.2

Table 9-2: Watershed criticality

Godavari basin Watershed Watershed Change

Nos (old) * Nos (revised) Nos

1 2 3 4

Safe 91 0 0

Semi-critical 0 0 0

Critical 0 0 0

Over exploited 0 0 0

Total 91 0 0

9.2. Sub basin wise additional GW recharge due to WSD works

Such information for WFRB is not collected for entire basin. Considering the role of ground

water in Irrigation such an exercise is not immediately due.




Table 9.3: Watershed wise details of ground water recharge in Mcum

Sr.

No. Name of Sub Basin

No. of

Water

sheds

Ground water

storage available

after completion

of WSD Mcum.

Area Suitable

for Ground

Water in

Thousand

Sqkm.

Categories of Watershed

Existing

wells /

proposed

wells ( Lakh) Over

Exploited Critical

Semi

Critical Safe

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Ambika 1 15.06 0.106 - - - Safe 174 / 624

2 Auranga 1 19.85 0.103 - - - Safe 405 / 624

3 Nar par 2 101.94 0.580 - - - Safe 1101 / 4310

4 Damanganga 9 160.33 0.854 - - - Safe 1391/6480

5 Vaitarna 17 324.87 2.185 - - - Safe 4241/13612

6 Streams between D

and V

3 68.55

0.681

- - - Safe 4602/1428

7 Ulhas 11 265 2.288 - - - Safe 6727/10538

8 Patalganga 5 202.94 2.393 - - - Safe 1293 / 7884

9 Amba 2 61.91 0.433 - - - Safe 354 / 2414

10 Kundalika 2 109.11 0.930 - - - Safe N. A / 4320

11 Mhasala 2 66.94 0.466 - - - Safe 2258 / 1836

12 Savitri 6 163.09 1.127 - - - Safe 1199 / 2444

13 Bharja 1 16.86 0.166 - - - Safe 90 / 626

14 Vashishthi 6 134.73 1.538 - - - Safe 789 /5014

15 Shastri 9 172.95 2.629 - - - Safe 1579 / 5834

16 Muchkundi 1 45.28 0.859 - - - Safe 207/1654

17 Kajavi 1 21.43 0.571 - - - Safe 184/686

18 Kodavali 1 42.28 0.717 - - - Safe 227 / 1568

19 Waghotan 1 43.13 0.984 - - - Safe 91 /1138

20 Devgad 2 39.19 0.688 - - - Safe N.A /972




Table 9.3: Watershed wise details of ground water recharge in Mcum

Sr.

No. Name of Sub Basin

No. of

Water

sheds

Ground water

storage available

after completion

of WSD Mcum.

Area Suitable

for Ground

Water in

Thousand

Sqkm.

Categories of Watershed

Existing

wells /

proposed

wells ( Lakh) Over

Exploited Critical

Semi

Critical Safe

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

21 Achara

1 10.36 0.250 - - - Safe 276 / 266

22 Gad 1 72.51 1.026 - - - Safe 1228 / 2054

23 Karli 1 50.99 0.864 - - - Safe 1620 / 708

24 Vengurla 1 26.91 0.342 - - - Safe 1384 / 530

25 Terkhol 1 21.57 0.710 - - - Safe 1016 / 290

26 Tillari 1 5.744 0.466 - - - Safe 201 / 120

27 Mahadayi 0 0 0.077 - - - Safe

28 Mumbai Island 2 0.603

Entire Konkan 91 2263.524 24.635

Note:

Over exploited - No scope to take additional wells.

Critical - Maximum utilisation of GW. No new wells should be taken.

Semi critical - Above average utilisation of GW. Limited scope to take new wells.

Safe - Underutilisation of GW means more wells can be taken.

Figures in the Table above indicate sub basin wise availability of GW and scope for digging new wells which could be planned for future

development by exploiting GW source. It further needs to be updated according to latest assessment by the GSDA.




9.3. Recommendations of various Committees:

9.3.1. Committee for Drought Prone Area (Sukhthankar Samiti), 1973

1. Watershed based soil and water conservation works should be taken up in an integrated manner.

2. Beneficiaries should be trained to participate in watershed development works.

3. Forest development works should be taken up in the catchment areas of Minor Irrigation works on

priority, basis.

4. Artificial recharge of groundwater should be done by releasing flood water in canal system and other

measures.

5. Groundwater survey and development may be done on a scientific basis.

9.3.2. Dr. Subramanyam Samiti, 1987

Groundwater regulation authority should be established at State level and Act should

be passed to control groundwater use.

9.3.3. White Paper, 1995

1) Long term measures are necessary to recharge groundwater.

2) Groundwater should be treated as social good and its use for drinking and irrigation purpose be done

efficiently based on availability.

3) Peoples' participation in watershed development for strengthening drinking water resource is

necessary.

9.3.4. Maharashtra Water & Irrigation Commission, 1999

Watershed Development Program should be implemented under one umbrella based on integrated

manner (258).

Water yield estimation in watershed should be done on scientific basis and not on the basis of ad hoc

empirical formulae. It is necessary establish Agro-MET Observatory in each micro watershed (262).

Record drawings of watershed development works be prepared, the responsibility of M&R of these works

should be entrusted on beneficiaries and Grampanchayats. Watershed Development Authority should be

established (263).

Multi disciplinary organization at Taluka level should be established to execute watershed development

works in an integrated manner (278)

Groundwater survey and development should be done watershed wise and not on administrative region

wise (280).

Groundwater use should be regulated to control over exploitation (282).

Detailed geological investigations should be done before undertaking artificial groundwater recharge

measures (285).




9.3.5. National Water Policy, 2002 / 2012

Drought-prone areas should be made less vulnerable through soil moisture conservation measures,

water harvesting practices, development of the groundwater potential including recharging.

There should be a periodical reassessment of the groundwater potential on a scientific basis.

Exploitation of groundwater resources should be so regulated as not to exceed the recharging

possibilities, as also to ensure social equity.

9.3.6. Way forward

WCD works are implemented at the cost of public money, for extending irrigation and other

benefits to small and marginal farmers practicing rain-fed cultivation. With surface irrigation

schemes, investment is made by Govt. and irrigation management is also being done by Govt. Only

since 2005, efforts are being made to transfer irrigation management of all state sector schemes to

the WUAs, for improvement in water use efficiency. In the case of GW development, investment is

made entirely through private sector by individual cultivators (but for the liability on account of soft

loans provided for digging / drilling wells to some cultivators, providing subsidy to introduce MIS and

towards providing electricity at subsidized rates). Management of GW irrigation is also with the

individual land owners. Water use efficiency is very high because it is motivated and guided towards

achieving maximum net benefits from the investment.

In the case of watershed development activity, planning and implementation of scheme in the

watershed is done mainly by Water Conservation Department (WCD). However, operation,

maintenance and management of the WSD works over the watershed is expected to be done by the

beneficiaries. WSD schemes are seen to be successful only where beneficiaries cooperate in

operating the scheme by sharing the benefits equitably and in ensuring restriction on cutting of

trees and on uncontrolled grazing by cattle & goats. After completion of WSD schemes it is

necessary to de-silt water conservation structures periodically to maintain their efficiency in

conserving water and recharging the GW. If beneficiaries do not maintain them properly, scheme is

likely to go in disuse. If GW recharge benefits are enjoyed by few cultivators to grow water

consuming perennial crops like sugar cane, there remains no equity in sharing the benefits. Then the

purpose of implementing these schemes is lost.

Drinking water for people and live stock used to be provided by treating GW as the main

source. Deep GW aquifers were also treated as a source at some places. Drinking water has become

a very critical issue due to uncontrolled exploitation of GW in many watersheds. Taking up of WSD

works would improve this situation, if it is managed efficiently by the beneficiaries. If the tendency

of cultivators to indiscriminately exploit the additional GW recharge is allowed to continue, drinking

water problem would not be solved despite augmentation of GW by WSD works. Hence it is

necessary to take an undertaking from the beneficiaries where WSD work are proposed to be taken

up that, they would reserve some specific wells near villages exclusively for drinking purposes and

would not dig/drill any well within specified radius/distance from these wells as per provisions of

the GW Act 2009/2013. WSD works should not be carried out unless such written undertaking is

given by the beneficiaries. Notification declaring public drinking water sources needs to be issued

under section 20 of the Maharashtra Ground Water (Development and Management) Act,

2009/2013 {MGW (D&M) Act 2009}.




Prior to taking up WSD works, geological investigations should be carried out to ensure that

the sub strata in the watershed are amenable to conserve water and to recharge shallow GW

aquifers. WCD should ensure that at least one rain gauge station is installed in every watershed and

record is maintained by the people. Monitoring of pre and post monsoon GW Table in

representative wells shall also be done. They should keep water account of quantity of water

received each year and utilized by them for various purposes. Villages should keep record of number

of functioning wells each year and area and type of crops grown each year. WCD should evolve a

scheme to organize formation of a committee for management of every WSD work and evolve a

streamlined system for maintaining all such record by the committee. Some NGO should be assigned

to look after and monitor these activities for a contiguous group of watersheds.




10. Water Balance of WFR Basin

10.1.For preparation of ISWP of WFR Basin In detail the WFR Basin in

Maharashtra is naturaly divided into 28 basins. Their names and

geographical areas as shown below:

Table 10.1 WFRB basins.

Sr. No Basin Name Geographical Area

Sq.Kms.

1 2 3

1 Ambika 106.36

2 Auranga 167.64

3 Narpar 768.98

4 Damanganga 1505.64

5 Vaitarna 3943.78

6 Streams between D and V 1127.6

7 Ulhas 4332.69

8 Patalganga 1667.48

9 Amba 1134.49

10 Kundalika 1059.82

11 Mhasala 934.16

12 Savitri 2263.68

13 Bharja 279.45

14 Vashishthi 2671.01

15 Shastri 2697.37

16 Muchkundi 867.81

17 Kajavi 548.94

18 Kodavali 695.84

19 Waghotan 996.21

20 Devgad 731.42

21 Achara 254.56

22 Gad 1046.33

23 Karli 812.65

24 Vengurla 456.57

25 Terkhol 624.74

26 Tillari 641.61

27 Mahadayi 77

28 Mumbai Island 603.40

Entire konkan 33017.23




10.2. Water balance of WFRB Basin:

10.2.1. General

Life on earth is influenced by the earth’s unending moisture cycle. It is known as the hydrologic

cycle. Precipitation reaching the earth surface may be intercepted by vegetative material, may infiltrate

into the ground, may flow over the land surface as runoff, or may evaporate. Evaporation may be from

the surface of the ground, from free water surface or leaves of plants through transpiration.

Some of the precipitation runs over the land to streams and other part soaks into the soil. The

water that enters the soil is detained in the plant root zone and eventually appears on the surface by

plants or by soil capillary. Some of it, below the root zone, under the influence of gravity moves down

and enters the ground water reservoir. This is our ground water resource. On joining ground water, the

infiltered water moves through pores, crevices and joints etc. and reappears at the surface at areas of

lower levels as subsurface flow. Soil acts a reservoir of water and a part flows under ground to the

stream or lost in atmosphere by evaporation. A part of precipitation is locked up in soil moisture and

some portion moves in atmosphere as air moisture.

The above phenomenon is expressed in the hydrologic equation as below.

P= R +I +Ev +Et+Sm+Am

Where P is precipitation,

R is runoff,

I is infiltration,

Ev is evaporation,

Et is evapo-transpiration,

Sm is soil moisture

Am is air moisture.

Presently runoff R is measured as overland flow in streams and rivers. There is no arrengment to

measure other parameters over large areas. Part of infiltretion is partly strored as ground water. The

rest of the parameters also serve a purpose of providing water to forest, envoironment and unirrigated

agriculture. However, this water balance of this basin includes only surface water and groundwater and

its utilisation for the purposes of domestic, industrial, irrigation and statutory envoironmental needs.

10.2.2. Surface Water Availability

Following table shows the availability of surface water available at different dependibility in 28

basins of WFRB. This is taken from chapter 6 of this report page 162.




Table 10-2: Sub-basin wise present Annual Yields arrived for WFR Basin

Sr.

No.

Name of Valley C.A. in Sq.

Kms

Derived dependable yield in mcum

50% 60% 75% 90% 95% Average

1 Ambika 109.13 96.99 90.39 79.24 63.30 51.61 108.35

2 Auranga 157.42 168.00 154.66 129.22 89.49 83.58 157.92

3 Narpar 778.58 830.52 777.17 679.18 521.49 479.80 870.73

4 Damanganga 1438.00 1950.11 1753.60 1478.98 1371.54 1012.82 2053.36

5 Vaitarna 3503.86 6640.31 6090.25 5133.82 4311.89 4265.37 6772.84

6 Streams between D

and V

1225.05 1948.90 1776.31 1447.31 1128.93 1052.25 1886.67

7 Ulhas 3689.89 8188.29 7287.41 6374.69 5017.73 3983.52 8020.90

8 Patalganga 1540.11 3524.03 3352.11 3181.83 2812.59 2717.31 3486.16

9 Amba 950.28 2001.65 1923.04 1744.85 1445.05 1266.81 2029.95

10 Kundalika 1074.01 3151.73 3037.23 2858.80 2242.86 1955.95 3116.99

11 Mhasala 884.07 2014.58 1908.42 1706.21 1410.39 1316.82 2006.24

12 Savitri 2214.99 6150.00 5698.08 5442.79 4399.64 4213.87 6061.75

13 Bharja 283.08 769.05 758.27 689.95 582.49 559.15 782.95

14 Vashishthi 2628.07 10013.40 9941.28 9544.56 8536.12 7745.01 10291.37

15 Shastri 2735.69 7289.16 7103.99 6676.47 5585.70 4887.37 7590.73

16 Muchkundi 861.77 2172.82 2128.70 1946.53 1836.11 1812.79 2159.55

17 Kajavi 548.94 1536.25 1514.44 1331.51 614.95 490.67 1553.28

18 Kodavali 707.96 2270.99 2008.68 1831.52 1381.00 1251.71 2275.00

19 Waghotan 983.61 2140.45 2065.86 1914.08 1723.45 1644.25 2154.13

20 Devgad 688.27 1259.27 1235.38 1148.85 1092.40 1019.82 1263.35

21 Achara 250.23 496.75 474.69 449.26 436.51 409.00 495.61

22 Gad 1036.60 2867.43 2811.58 2659.91 2274.85 2214.91 2872.73

23 Karli 825.59 2024.14 1911.09 1720.96 1480.60 1386.17 2018.26

24 Vengurla 376.37 733.12 662.69 623.52 541.28 477.71 758.13

25 Terkhol 620.39 1315.59 1276.05 1114.00 1012.95 984.61 1290.99

26 Tillari 714.70 2470.83 2216.83 2049.38 1750.31 1415.67 2368.57

27 Mahadayi 77.00 243.75 236.142 211.98 182.161 173.733 243.823

28 Mumbai Island 603.40 49.075 -- 49.075 -- -- 49.075

Entire konkan 31507.06 74317.185 70194.342 64218.475 53845.781 48872.283 74690.408




10.2.3. Water Requirement

The requirement of water at the ultimate stage for various uses viz. irrigation, drinking, industry

and hydropower is worked out as under:

Irrigation Needs: Water requirements for irrigation are assessed for all the existing, ongoing

and proposed major, medium and minor projects in the sub-basin. For this purpose, all the projects

planned by Maharashtra WRD and local sector, ZP etc as per their master plans for 2030 are considered.

Designed annual utilization as per the detailed project reports is considered for the existing and ongoing

projects. The requirements for future projects are determined based on current norms and practices.

Domestic Needs: Based on 2011 census, human population is projected to 2030 AD using

about 12 percent decadal compound growth rate. The present requirements are worked out separately

for the rural and urban population by the Chief Engineer Mahsrashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran Mumbai and

for future planning per capita daily needs of 100 lit have been adopted for rural populations including

water demand for cattle. The urban water demand is worked out with 135 lit per capita as daily need.

The rural water demand is shared by both ground water and surface water as per availability of ground

water in the basin. The availability of ground water is taken from the report of respective basins. Which

is given by GSDA and included in chapter no 6 table 6.16.

Industrial Needs: The industrial requirement considered to be met with from surface water is

compiled from field and secondary data and same is confirmed from the concerned Chief Engineer

MIDC.

Hydropower Needs: Presently no storage is set apart, partially or wholly, for hydropower

generation. So the cosumptive need have water for HEP is taken as nil.

10.2.4. Regeneration

Since the current level of irrigation is quite low this componant is not considered in WFRB.

10.2.5. Water Balance of sub basin

Water Balance for each basin is worked out and presented at Annex- I (Table no. 1 to 28.) The

water balance considers all types of uses i.e. existing, ongoing and future. It is proposed in two parts,

present means 2011 and future means 2030. The integrated water balance of WFR basin is based on

water balance of all 28 basins together.

As mentioned in chp. 7 under topic “Future Planning” all MoU’s and Interstate agreement to be

respected provisions based on 2 MoU’s carried out in 2010 and 2015 are included in planning.

There are demands from adjecent Tapi, Godavari and Krishna basins for their needs in

respective basins. This requires lifting and diversion of water from certain WFR basins to above

mentioned vallies. The demand in case of Tapi and Godavari are being studied at regional and state level

for the last 20 years or so. There are some new demands from MKVDC for deficit sub basins in Krishna

basin. It is proposed as planning alternative where in the Ultimate requirements of all basins in WFRB

are estimated and additional possible exports are proposed to above basins.

10.2.6. The integrated water balance

The integrated water balance is prepared for 28 individual basins separately and cumulative pre-

sentation in table 10.3. Individual tables are given below; this is done for Surface Water alone. Ground

water is worked our separately.




Table 10-3: Integration of water balance at present and by 2030 of entire WFRB

Sr. Type

Ref Availability Sr. Use type

Ref Planning No Table Mm3 Mm3 No. Table Mm3 Mm3

Present 2030

Present 2030

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Natural 1 Non-irrigation use

a Natural water available 6.11 64218.48 64218.48 1.1 Domestic use 10.7

a. Urban

2092.99 2356.23

b. Rural

168.682 288.383

Sub-total: (a+b) 2261.672 2644.613

2 Manually Managed 1.2 Industrial use 10.7 780.279 1345.332

Regeneration

0 136.384 Sub-total:-(1.1+1.2)

3041.951 3989.945

(urban use)

Regenaration

0 15.176 2 Interbasin/sub-basin transfer

(export)

8.2 & 8.3 549.845 3332.363

(industrial.use

)

Sub-total:-

(a+b) 0 0 Water for

environment 0 575.810

3

Interbasin/ sub-basin transfer (import)

8,2 3111.90* 3219.27 3 Sub-total:1+2 3591.796 7898.12

4 Water received through river 4 Irrigation use

4.1 Major & Medium 10.8 1727.027 2202.874

State+Local

1236.92 1858.616

From Import 100.12 486.046

Total 3064.071 4602.536

5 Recharge -from irrigation 0 0 4.2 Irri.from others (Ultimate

irrgigation)

Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 3064.071 4602.536

5 Total Use (3+4) 6655.867 12500.654

Balance water by 2030 57562.608 51976.751

Water require after 2030 for unplanned CCA

(930797 Ha) 20840.539

Ultimate

Balance water 57562.608 31136.212

Total

(1+2+3+4+5) 64218.475 64477.405 *This Quantity (Import from Krishna Basin) is already included in 1.a in Hydrology of concerned basins.




Table 10-4: WFR Basin - Picture of Integrated Water Balance: Present Status

Sr.

No.

Sub Basin Available Water (Mm3) Total

Water

(3+4+5)

Water Use (Mm3) Balance

Total

Water

available

Surface

Recycled

water

from

domestic

&

industrial

use

Import

Do

me

stic

Ind

ust

ria

l

Irri

ga

tio

n

Eco

log

y 1

%

Export

(8-15)

Intra

basin

Inter

Basin

Intra

basin

Inter

Basin

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

1 Ambika 79.240 0.000 0.000 0.000 79.240 0.000 0.000 2.746 0.000 0.000 8.250 10.996 68.244

2 Auranga 129.220 0.000 0.000 0.000 129.220 0.000 0.000 6.612 0.000 0.000 0.000 6.612 122.608

3 Narpar 679.180 0.000 0.000 0.000 679.180 0.000 0.000 36.647 0.000 0.000 30.227 66.874 612.306

4 Damanganga 1478.980 0.000 0.000 1478.980 0.000 0.000 102.030 0.000 0.000 18.705 120.735 1358.245

5 Vaitarna 5133.810 0.000 0.000 0.000 5133.810 58.851 1.033 287.445 0.000 1160.555 28.500 1536.384 3597.426

6 Streams

between D

and V

1447.310 0.000 143.835 0.000 1591.145 9.381 27.400 122.538 0.000 0.000 0.000 159.319 1431.826

7 Ulhas 6374.690 0.000 276.050 341.200 6650.740 440.320 248.580 489.508 0.000 545.390 0.000 1723.798 4926.942

8 Patalganga 3181.830 0.000 0.000 179.400 3181.830 199.960 18.250 107.776 0.000 0.000 0.000 325.986 2855.844

9 Amba 1744.850 0.000 316.010 0.000 2060.860 17.900 44.000 33.182 0.000 0.000 0.000 95.082 1965.778

10 Kundalika 2858.810 0.000 0.000 680.000 2858.810 14.360 27.680 212.920 0.000 316.010 0.000 570.970 2287.840

11 Mhasala 1706.210 0.000 0.000 0.000 1706.210 12.860 0.000 37.724 0.000 0.000 0.000 50.584 1655.626

12 Savitri 5442.790 0.000 0.000 0.000 5442.790 10.320 4.300 55.229 0.000 0.000 0.000 69.849 5372.941

13 Bharja 689.950 0.000 0.000 0.000 689.950 0.306 0.000 17.066 0.000 0.000 0.000 17.372 672.578

14 Vashishti 9544.560 0.000 0.000 1911.300 9544.560 4.780 238.740 179.140 0.000 0.000 0.000 422.660 9121.900

15 Shastri 6676.470 0.000 3.000 0.000 6679.470 4.444 4.860 126.578 0.000 0.000 135.882 6543.588

16 Muchkundi 1946.530 0.000 0.000 1946.530 0.330 0.000 74.319 0.000 0.000 74.649 1871.881

17 Kajavi 1331.510 0.000 0.000 0.000 1331.510 1.850 0.000 9.247 0.000 3.000 0.000 14.097 1317.413

18 Kodavali 1831.520 0.000 0.000 1831.520 0.320 0.000 105.166 0.000 0.000 105.486 1726.034

19 Waghotan 1914.080 0.000 0.000 1914.080 1.620 0.000 172.639 0.000 0.000 174.259 1739.821




Sr.

No.


Water

(3+4+5)


Total

Water

available

Surface

Recycled

water

from

domestic

&

industrial

use

Import

Do

me

stic

Ind

ust

ria

l

Irri

ga

tio

n

Eco

log

y 1

%

Export

(8-15)

Intra

basin

Inter

Basin

Intra

basin

Inter

Basin

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

20 Devgad 1148.850 0.000 0.000 1148.850 2.240 0.000 99.597 0.000 0.000 101.837 1047.013

21 Achara 449.260 0.000 0.000 449.260 1.580 1.210 7.818 0.000 0.000 10.608 438.652

22 Gad 2659.910 0.000 0.000 2659.910 1.700 0.000 152.787 0.000 0.000 154.487 2505.423

23 Karli 1720.960 0.000 0.000 1720.960 0.480 0.370 307.328 0.000 0.000 308.178 1412.782

24 Vengurla 623.520 0.000 0.000 0.000 623.520 1.270 0.000 5.450 0.000 0.000 6.720 616.800

25 Terkhol 1114.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1114.000 3.030 0.096 139.584 0.000 0.000 142.710 971.290

26 Tillari 2049.380 0.000 0.000 0.000 2049.380 1.370 0.160 158.515 0.000 0.000 464.163 624.208 1425.172

27 Mahadayi 211.980 0.000 0.000 0.000 211.980 0.000 0.000 14.480 0.000 0.000 0.000 14.480 197.500

28 Mumbai

Island

49.075 0.000 1286.06 0.000 1335.135 1472.40 163.600 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1636.000 -300.865

WFB Total 64218.475 0.000 2024.955 3111.900 66243.430 2261.672 780.279 3064.071 0.000 2024.955 549.845 8680.822 57562.608




Table 10-5: WFR Basin - Picture of Integrated Water Balance: By 2030

Sr.

No.


Water

(3+4+5)


Water by

2030

Water

Require

After 2030

for

unplanned

CCA

Ultimate

Balnce

Water

Total

Water

available

Surface

Recycled

water

from

domestic

&

industrial

use

Import

Do

me

stic

Ind

ust

ria

l

Irri

ga

tio

n

Eco

log

y 1

%

Export Total

(8+9+10+11+12+13)

(8-15)

Intra

basin

Inter

Basin

Intra

basin

Inter

Basin

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

1 Ambika 79.240 0.000 0.000 0.000 79.240 0.010 3.360 2.746 0.290 0.000 16.250 22.656 56.584 57.561 -0.977

2 Auranga 129.220 0.000 0.000 0.000 129.220 0.300 0.000 6.612 0.420 0.000 60.000 67.332 61.888 97.114 -35.226

3 Narpar 679.180 0.000 0.000 0.000 679.180 0.010 7.910 36.647 3.313 0.000 284.807 332.687 346.493 609.282 -262.789

4 Daman-

ganga

1478.980 0.000 107.370 1586.350 12.770 10.590 285.460 8.850 783.765 39.525 1140.960 445.390 529.843 -84.453

5 Vaitarna 5133.810 0.000 783.765 0.000 5917.575 99.688 15.975 828.202 22.450 2370.665 358.035 3695.015 2222.560 1982.900 239.660

6 Streams

between D

and V

1447.310 0.000 143.835 0.000 1591.145 35.875 41.020 133.134 13.811 0.000 0.000 223.840 1367.305 350.364 1016.941

7 Ulhas 6374.690 0.000 276.050 341.200 6650.740 406.480 373.500 638.614 53.810 545.390 156.753 2174.547 4476.193 1826.885 2649.308

8 Patalganga 3181.830 0.000 0.000 179.400 3181.830 266.550 50.000 134.676 27.310 0.000 0.000 478.536 2703.294 84.945 2618.349

9 Amba 1744.850 0.000 316.010 0.000 2060.860 1.440 127.000 60.542 18.719 0.000 141.600 349.301 1711.559 576.261 1135.298

10 Kundalika 2858.810 0.000 0.000 680.000 2858.810 17.740 68.080 217.530 29.905 316.010 920.740 1570.005 1288.805 373.965 914.840

11 Mhasala 1706.210 0.000 0.000 0.000 1706.210 1.840 0.000 64.113 16.403 0.000 0.000 82.356 1623.854 253.256 1370.598

12 Savitri 5442.790 0.000 0.000 0.000 5442.790 25.060 14.600 214.194 51.889 0.000 849.600 1155.343 4287.447 863.492 3423.955

13 Bharja 689.950 0.000 0.000 0.000 689.950 0.550 0.000 21.994 6.674 0.000 0.000 29.218 660.732 301.350 359.382

14 Vashishti 9544.560 0.000 0.000 1911.300 9544.560 11.140 290.300 216.051 94.592 0.000 40.890 652.973 8891.587 3023.240 5868.347

15 Shastri 6676.470 0.000 10.000 0.000 6686.470 9.070 17.570 157.070 64.928 0.000 248.638 6437.832 3726.546 2711.286

16 Muchkundi 1946.530 0.000 0.000 1946.530 3.400 0.630 86.624 18.559 0.000 109.213 1837.317 960.771 876.546

17 Kajvi 1331.510 0.000 0.000 0.000 1331.510 2.220 0.000 16.066 13.032 10.000 0.000 41.318 1290.192 727.661 562.531

18 Kodavali 1831.520 0.000 0.000 1831.520 1.220 0.530 111.676 17.181 0.000 130.607 1700.913 502.685 1198.228

19 Waghotan 1914.080 0.000 0.000 1914.080 5.630 0.000 179.429 17.290 0.000 202.349 1711.731 1006.805 704.926

20 Devgad 1148.850 0.000 0.000 1148.850 8.460 0.000 103.226 10.372 0.000 122.058 1026.792 432.936 593.856

21 Achara 449.260 0.000 0.000 449.260 2.320 47.020 16.728 3.832 0.000 69.900 379.360 260.047 119.313




Sr.

No.


Water

(3+4+5)


Water by

2030

Water

Require

After 2030

for

unplanned

CCA

Ultimate

Balnce

Water

Total

Water

available

Surface

Recycled

water

from

domestic

&

industrial

use

Import

Do

me

stic

Ind

ust

ria

l

Irri

ga

tio

n

Eco

log

y 1

%

Export Total

(8+9+10+11+12+13)

(8-15)

Intra

basin

Inter

Basin

Intra

basin

Inter

Basin

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

22 Gad 2659.910 0.000 0.000 2659.910 3.950 0.000 179.097 24.769 0.000 207.816 2452.094 629.517 1822.577

23 Karli 1720.960 0.000 0.000 1720.960 2.150 3.285 313.627 14.019 0.000 333.081 1387.879 442.890 944.989

24 Vengurla 623.520 0.000 1.107 0.000 624.627 4.220 0.000 7.610 6.128 0.000 17.958 606.669 486.444 120.225

25 Terkhol 1114.000 0.000 141.694 0.000 1255.694 7.980 40.684 240.745 9.663 0.000 299.072 956.622 363.290 593.332

26 Tillari 2049.380 0.000 80.000 0.000 2129.380 2.240 3.578 275.123 18.484 142.801 464.163 906.389 1222.991 370.489 852.502

27 Mahadayi 211.980 0.000 0.000 211.980 5.000 40.000 55.000 1.120 80.000 0.000 181.120 30.860 0.000 30.860

28 Mumbai

Island

49.075 151.560 2496.170 0.000 2696.805 1707.30 189.70 0.00 8.00 0.000 0.000 1904.998 791.807 0.000 791.807

Total WFRB 64218.475 151.560 4248.631 3219.270 68726.036 2644.61 1345.33 4602.54 575.81 4248.63 3332.363 16749.285 51976.751 20840.539 31136.212

Ref. For Sr.No. 1: Annex 1 to 27,




Conclusions and Recommendations: -

1. As seen from present status after the completion of all projects in progress the total water use

will be 8680 Mm3 and 57563 Mm3 shall be balance at 75% dependebilty.

2. The balance water of such proportions appears to be available because the irrigation planning

till 2030 does not cover entire culturable area in the basin.

3. Ulhas basin shows 4927 Mm3 as balance water which mostly consist of its own surface

availability. However, surface water can not be stored in this basin to any great extent because

of no site along main course of river and urbanisation in plain areas of the basin.

4. In future planning for 2030 the balance quantum of water is 51977 Mm3 and if ultimate

requirement of irrigation for entire basin is considerd, this balance comes down to 31136 Mm3.

5. There is no water balance in some basins viz Ambika, Auranga, Nar-Par and Damanganga, due

to diversion to other WFR basin. To avoid such a scenario in these basins, lower dependibility of

50% will make more water available for local minor irrigation schemes in future.




10.2.7. Water in balance in the sub basin and conclusions for implementation

Table 10-6: Water in balance in the sub basin and conclusions for implementation

Sr.no Sub basin (Ref. Table) Water in balance (Mm3)

Present By 2030 Ultimate

1 2 3 4 5

1 Ambika 68.244 56.584 -0.977

2 Auranga 122.608 61.888 -35.226

3 Narpar 612.306 346.493 -262.789

4 Damanganga 1358.245 445.39 -84.453

5 Vaitarna 3597.426 2222.560 239.660

6 Streams between D & V 1431.826 1367.305 1016.941

7 Ulhas 4926.942 4476.193 2649.308

8 Patalganga 2855.844 2703.294 2618.349

9 Amba 1965.778 1711.559 1135.298

10 Kundalika 2287.840 1288.805 914.840

11 Mhasala 1655.626 1623.854 1370.598

12 Savitri 5372.941 4287.447 3423.955

13 Bharja 672.578 660.732 359.382

14 Vashishti 9121.900 8891.587 5868.347

15 Shastri 6543.588 6437.832 2711.286

16 Muchkundi 1871.881 1837.317 876.546

17 Kajavi 1317.413 1290.192 562.531

18 Kodavali 1726.034 1700.913 1198.228

19 Waghotan 1739.821 1711.731 704.926

20 Devgad 1047.013 1026.792 593.856

21 Achara 438.652 379.360 119.313

22 Gad 2505.423 2452.094 1822.577

23 Karli 1412.782 1387.879 944.989

24 Vengurla 616.800 606.669 120.225

25 Terkhol 971.290 956.622 593.332

26 Tillari 1425.172 1222.991 852.502

27 Mahadayi 197.500 30.860 30.860

28 Mumbai Island -300.865 791.807 791.807

Total 57562.608 51976.751 31136.212




258

10.2.8. Annex- I: Basin wise Water Balance

Annex 1 to 28 of WFRB attached herewith

Annex Table -1 Water Balance of basin –Ambika Sr.

Type


Ref Planning No Table Mm3 Mm3 No. Table Mm3 Mm3 Present 2030 Present 2030

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 Natural 1 Non-irrigation use a Natural water available 6.11 79.24 79.24 1.1 Domestic use 10.7 a. Urban 0 0

b. Rural 0.000 0.010

Sub-total: (a+b) 0 0.01 2 Manually Managed 1.2 Industrial use 10.7 0 3.36

Regeneration 0 0 Sub-total:-(1.1+1.2) 0 3.37

(urban use)

Regenaration 0 0 2 Interbasin/sub-basin transfer (export) 8.2 & 8.3 8.25 16.25

(industrial.use )

Sub-total:- (a+b) 0 0 Water for environment 0 0.29 3 Interbasin/ sub-basin transfer (import) 8.2 0 0 3 Sub-total:1+2 8.25 19.91 4 Water received through river 4 Irrigation use 4.1 Major & Medium 10.8 0.000 0.000

State+Local 2.746 2.746

From Import 0 0 Total 2.746 2.746 5 Recharge -from irrigation 0 0 4.2 Irri.from others (Ultimate irrgigation) Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 2.746 2.746 5 Total Use (3+4) 10.996 22.656 Balance water by 2030 68.244 56.584 Water require after 2030 for unplanned CCA - 2741 Ha 57.561 Ultimate Balance water 68.244 -0.977 Total (1+2+3+4+5) 79.24 79.24

A Present Diversion 8.25 Mm3

Export to Tapi basin 8.25 Mm3

B Future Diversion 16.25 Mm3

Export to Par-Tapi-Narmada Link - Quantites will be finalised after MoU

Export to Tapi basin Total 16.25 Mm3

C CCA of Ambika 3207 Ha, area covered through Planned Project 466 Ha. Balance CCA 2741 Ha,




Table -2 Water balance of basin –Auranga Sr.

Type Ref Availability Sr.

Use type Ref Planning

No Table Mm3 Mm3 No. Table Mm3 Mm3

Present 2030 Present 2030 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 Natural 1 Non-irrigation use a Natural water available 6.11 129.22 129.22 1.1 Domestic use 10.7 a. Urban

0 0

b. Rural

0.000 0.300

Sub-total: (a+b) 0 0.3

2 Manually Managed 1.2 Industrial use 10.7 0 0 Regeneration

0 0 Sub-total:-(1.1+1.2)

0 0.3

(urban use)

Regenaration

0 0 2 Interbasin/sub-basin

transfer (export) 8.2 & 8.3 0 60

(industrial.use )

Sub-total:- (a+b) 0 0 Water for environment 0.42 3 Interbasin/ sub-basin transfer (import) P 8.2 0 0 3 Sub-total:1+2 0 60.72 4 Water received through river 4 Irrigation use 4.1 Major & Medium 10.8 0.000 0.000

State+Local

6.612 6.612

From import 0 0

Total 6.612 6.612 5 Recharge -from irrigation

4.2 Irri.from others 0 0

Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 6.612 6.612

5 Total Use (3+4) 6.612 67.332

Balance water by 2030 122.608 61.888

Water require after 2030 for

unplanned CCA - 4624.46 Ha 97.114

Ultimate Balance water 122.608 -35.226

Total (1+2+3+4+5) 129.22 129.22

A

Future Diversion

60.00 Mm3 Export to Tapi basin 60.00 Mm3


B CCA of Auranga 4960 Ha, area covered through Planned Project3081 Ha. Balance CCA 1879 Ha,




Table: - 3 Water balance of basin – Nar-Par Sr.



No Table Mm3 Mm3 No. Table Mm3 Mm3 Present 2030 Present 2030

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 Natural 1 Non-irrigation use a Natural water available 6.11 679.18 679.18 1.1 Domestic use 10.7 a. Urban 0 0 b. Rural 0.000 0.010 Sub-total: (a+b) 0 0.01 2 Manually Managed 1.2 Industrial use 10.7 0 7.91

Regeneration 0 0 Sub-total:-(1.1+1.2) 0 7.92 (urban use)

Regenaration 0 0 2 Interbasin/sub-basin transfer (export) 8.2 & 8.3 30.227 284.807 (industrial.use ) Sub-total:- (a+b) 0 0 Water for environment 0 3.313 3 Interbasin/ sub-basin transfer (import) P 8.2 0 0 3 Sub-total:1+2 30.227 296.04 4 Water received through river 4 Irrigation use 4.1 Major & Medium 10.8 0.000 0.000 State+Local 36.647 36.647 From Import 0 0 Total 36.647 36.647 5 Recharge -from irrigation 0 0 4.2 Irri.from others Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 36.647 36.647 5 Total Use (3+4) 66.874 332.687 Balance water by 2030 612.306 346.493 Water require after 2030 for unplanned CCA - 29013.45 Ha 0.000 609.282 Ultimate Balance water 612.306 -262.789 Total (1+2+3+4+5) 679.18 679.18 A Present Diversion 30.227 Mm3

Export to Godavari Basin 30.227 Mm3

B Future Diversion 284.807 Mm3

Export to Godavari Basin Total 30.227 Mm3

Export to Tapi Basin 254.58 Mm3





Table: - 4: Integrated water balance of basin Damaganga Sr.



No Table Mm3 Mm3 No. Table Mm3 Mm3 Present 2030 Present 2030

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 Natural 1 Non-irrigation use a Natural water available 6.11 1478.98 1478.98 1.1 Domestic use 10.7 a. Urban 0 0 0 0 b. Rural 0.000 12.770 Sub-total: (a+b) 0 12.77 2 Manually Managed 0 0 1.2 Industrial use 10.7 0 10.59

Regeneration Sub-total:-(1.1+1.2) 0 23.36

(urban use) 0 0

Regenaration 2 Interbasin/sub-basin transfer (export) 8.2 & 8.3 18.705 823.29

(industrial.use ) 0 0

Sub-total:- (a+b) Water for environment 0 8.85 3 Interbasin/ sub-basin transfer (import) P 8.2 0 107.37 3 Sub-total:1+2 18.705 855.5 4 Water received through river 0 0 4 Irrigation use 4.1 Major & Medium 10.8 0.000 115.910

State+Local 102.03 169.55

From Import 0 0 Total 102.030 285.460 5 Recharge -from irrigation 0 0 4.2 Irri.from others Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 102.03 285.460 5 Total Use (3+4) 120.735 1140.960 Balance water by 2030 1358.245 445.390 Water require after 2030 for unplanned CCA(25230.60 Ha) 0.000 529.843 Ultimate Balance water 1358.245 -84.453 Total (1+2+3+4+5) 1478.98 1586.35 A Import 107.37 Mm3 from Gujarat State as per Damanganga- Pinjal River link Report. 107.37 Mm3

B Present Diversion 18.705 Mm3

Export to Godavari 18.705 Mm3

C Future Diversion 823.29 Mm3

Export to Godavari Total 39.525 Mm3

Export to Madhuban Dam in Gujarat 0 Mm3

Export to Vaitarn783.765 Mm3

D CCA of Damanganga 62065.60 Ha, area covered through Planed Project 36835 Ha. Balance CCA 25230.60 Ha




Table : – 5 Water balance of basin Vaitarna Sr.



No Table Mm3 No. Table Mm3 Present 2030 Present 2030

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 Natural 1 Non-irrigation use

a Natural water available 6.11 5133.81 5133.81 1.1 Domestic use 10.7 a. Urban

48.43 75.76

b. Rural

10.421 23.928

Sub-total: (a+b)

58.851 99.688

2 Manually Managed

1.2 Industrial use 10.7 1.033 15.975

a. Regeneration 0 0 Sub-total:-(1.1+1.2) 59.884 115.663 (urban use)

Interbasin/sub-basin transfer (export) 8.2 & 8.3 1189.055 2728.70

b. Regenaration

0 0 2

(industrial.use ) Water for environment

Sub-total:- (a+b) 0 0 0 22.4501

3 Interbasin/ sub-basin transfer (import) P 8.2 0 783.765 3 Sub-total:1+2 1248.939 2866.8131 4 Water received through river 4 Irrigation use 4.1 Major & Medium 10.8 125.09 186.24

State+Local

162.355 437.197

From Import

0 204.765

Total 287.445 828.202 5 Recharge -from irrigation 0 0 4.2 Irri.from others 0 0

Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 287.445 828.202

5 Total Use (3+4) 1536.384 3695.015

Balance water by 2030 3597.426 2222.560

Water require after 2030 for unplanned CCA (94424 Ha) 0 1982.9

Ultimate Balance water 3597.426 239.660

Total (1+2+3+4+5) 5133.81 5917.575 A Import 783.765 Mm3 from Damanganga ( D P Link) Future 783.765 Mm3

B

Present Diversion

1189.060 Mm3

Export to Mumbai 740.67 Mm3

Export to Godavari 28.50 Mm3

Export to Ulhas basin 276.05 Mm3 (From Surya 182.83 + Deharji 93.22 Mm3)

Export to Streams Between D &V basin 143.835 Mm3

C

Future Diversion

2728.700 Mm3

Export to Ulhas basin 276.05 Mm3 (From Surya 182.83 + Deharji 93.22 Mm3)

Export to Streams Between D &V basin143.835 Mm3

Over all to Mumbai 1950.78 Mm3

Godavari Over all Expor 358.035 Mm3

D CCA of Vaitarna 167205.80 Ha, area covered through Planed Project 72782 Ha. Balance CCA 94424 Ha.




Table: – 6 Water balance of basin – Stream between Damanganga and Vaitarna Sr.




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Natural 1 Non-irrigation use a Natural water available 6.11 1447.31 1447.31 1.1 Domestic use 10.7 a. Urban 3.577 7.34 b. Rural 5.804 28.535

Sub-total: (a+b) 9.381 35.875

2 Manually Managed 1.2 Industrial use 10.7 27.4 41.02 a. Regeneration 0 0 Sub-total:-(1.1+1.2) 36.781 76.895

(urban use) Interbasin/sub-basin transfer (export) 8.2 & 8.3 0 0

b. Regenaration 0 0 2

(industrial.use ) Water for environment 0 13.81116

Sub-total:- (a+b) 0 0

3 Interbasin/ sub-basin transfer (import) 8.2 143.835 143.835 3 Sub-total:1+2 36.781 90.70616 4 Water received through river 4 Irrigation use 4.1 Major & Medium 0 0 State+Local 22.418 33.014

From Import 100.12 100.12

Total 10.8 122.538 133.134 5 Recharge -from irrigation 0 0 4.2 Irri.from others 0 0

Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 122.538 133.134 5 Total Use (3+4) 159.319 223.840 Balance water by 2030 1431.826 1367.305 Water require after 2030 for unplanned CCA (16684 Ha) 0 350.364 Ultimate Balance water 1431.826 1016.941 Total (1+2+3+4+5) 1591.145 1591.145 A Import from Vaitarna basin143.835 Mm3, out of which 100.12 Mm3 for irrigation and remaning 43.715 Mm3 for non irrigation use.

B CCA of Direct 20491.46 Ha, area covered through Planned Project 3807.46 Ha. Balance CCA 16684 Ha,




Table – 7 Water balance of basin – Ulhas Sr.



No Table Mm3 No. Table Mm3

Present 2030 Present 2030 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 Natural 1 Non-irrigation use a Natural water available 6.11 6374.69 6374.69 1.1 Domestic use 10.7

a. Urban

378.42 350.33

b. Rural

61.9 56.15

Sub-total: (a+b) 440.320 406.480 2 Manually Managed 1.2 Industrial use 10.7 248.58 373.5

a. Regeneration Sub-total:-(1.1+1.2) 688.9 779.98 (urban use)

Interbasin/sub-basin transfer (export) 8.2 & 8.3 545.39 702.143

b. Regenaration

2

0 0

(industrial.use ) Water for environment

0

Sub-total:- (a+b) 53.810

3 Interbasin/ sub-basin transfer (import) P 8.2 276.05 276.05 3 Sub-total:1+2 1234.29 1535.933 4 Water received through river

4 Irrigation use

4.1 Major & Medium 10.8 331.65 396.848

State+Local

157.858 241.766

From Import

0 0

Total 489.508 638.614 5 Recharge -from irrigation 0 0 4.2 Irri.from others 0 0

Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 489.508 638.614

5 Total Use (3+4) 1723.798 2174.547

Balance water by 2030 4926.942 4476.193

Water require after 2030 for unplanned CCA (86994.53 Ha) 0 1826.885

Ultimate Balance water 4926.942 2649.308

Total (1+2+3+4+5) 6650.74 6650.74

A

Present Import

617.25 Mm3 Import 341.20 Mm3 from TATA Lake included in surface water(6374.69 Mm3)

Import 276.05 Mm3 from Vaitarna basin

B Present Diversion

545.39 Mm3 Export to Mumbai 545.39 Mm3

C

Future Diversion

702.143 Mm3 Export to Mumbai 545.39 Mm3

Export to Krishna basin ( Bhima basin) 29.97 Mm3

Export to Godavari basin 126.783 Mm3

D CCA of Ulhas 145101.00 Ha, area covered through Planned Project 58106.47 Ha. Balance CCA 86994.53 Ha




Table: - 8 Water balance of basin –Patalganga Sr.




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Natural 1 Non-irrigation use A Natural water available 6.11 3181.83 3181.83 1.1 Domestic use 10.7 a. Urban 170.93 184.030 b. Rural 29.03 82.520

Sub-total: (a+b) 199.960 266.550


(urban use) Interbasin/sub-basin transfer (export)

8.2 & 8.3


(industrial.use )

Sub-total:- (a+b) Water for environment 0 27.310

3 Interbasin/ sub-basin transfer (import) 8.2 179.4 179.4 3 Sub-total:1+2 218.21 343.860 4 Water received through river 4 Irrigation use 4.1 Major & Medium 79.07 94.740 State+Local 28.706 39.936

From Import 0 0.000

Total 10.8 107.776 134.676 5 Recharge -from irrigation 0 0 4.2 Irri.from others 0 0.000 Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 107.776 134.676 5 Total Use (3+4) 325.986 478.536 Balance water by 2030 2855.844 2703.294 Water require after 2030 for

unplanned CCA (4045 Ha) 0 84.945

Ultimate Balance water 2855.844 2618.349 Total (1+2+3+4+5) 3181.83 3181.83

A Import 179.40 Mm3 from Tata Lake included in surface water available (3181.83 Mm3)

B CCA of Patalganga 21837 Ha, area covered through Planned Project 17792 Ha. Balance CCA 4045 Ha .




266

Table : - 9 Water balance of basin – Amba Sr.




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Natural 1 Non-irrigation use A Natural water available 6.11 1744.85 1744.85 1.1 Domestic use 10.7 a. Urban 2.93 1.44 b. Rural 14.97 0

Sub-total: (a+b) 17.900 1.440

2 Manually Managed 1.2 Industrial use 10.7 44 127 a. Regeneration 0 0 Sub-total:-(1.1+1.2) 61.9 128.44


8.2 & 8.3 0 141.60




3 Interbasin/ sub-basin transfer (import) 8.2 316.01 316.01 3 Sub-total:1+2 61.9 288.758 4 Water received through river 4 Irrigation use 4.1 Major & Medium 12.4 27.31 State+Local 20.782 33.232

From Import 0 0

Total 10.8 33.182 60.542 5 Recharge -from irrigation 0 0 4.2 Irri.from others 0 0 Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 33.182 60.542 5 Total Use (3+4) 95.082 349.301 Balance water by 2030 1965.778 1711.559 Water require after 2030 for

unplanned CCA (27441Ha) 0 576.261


A Import 316.01 Mm3 from Kundalika

B Export to Krishna basin ( Bhima basin) 141.60 Mm3

C CCA of Amba 29499 Ha, area covered through Planned Project 2058 Ha. Balance CCA 27441 Ha.




267

Table : – 10 Water balance of Kundalika Sr. Type


Ref Planning No Table Mm3 No. Table Mm3 Present 2030 Present 2030 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10


Sub-total: (a+b) 14.360 17.740



8.2 & 8.3 316.01 1236.75



Sub-total:- (a+b)

3 Interbasin/ sub-basin transfer (import) 8.2 3 Sub-total:1+2 358.05 1352.475 4 Water received through river 4 Irrigation use 4.1 Major & Medium 10.8 192.02 192.02 State+Local 20.900 25.510

From Import 0 0

Total 212.92 217.53 5 Recharge -from irrigation 0 0 4.2 Irri.from others 0 0 Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 212.92 217.53 5 Total Use (3+4) 570.97 1570.005 Balance water by 2030 2287.840 1288.805 Water require after 2030 for

unplanned CCA (17807.86 Ha) 0 373.965


A Import 680.00 Mm3 from Mulashi included in surface water available (2858.81 Mm3) 680 Mm3

B Future Export to Amba basin 316.01 Mm3 1236.75 Mm3

Export to Krishna basin ( Bhima basin) 920.74 Mm3

C CCA of Kundalika 31153.86 Ha, area covered through Planned Project 13346 Ha. Balance CCA 17807.86 Ha.




268

Table: – 11 Water balance of basin – Mhasala Sr. Type Ref Availability Sr. Use type Ref Planning No Table Mm3 No. Table Mm3

Present 2030 Present 2030 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Natural 1 Non-irrigation use a Natural water available 6.11 1706.21 1706.21 1.1 Domestic use 10.7 a. Urban 2.86 1.4 b. Rural 10 0.44 Sub-total: (a+b) 12.860 1.840



8.2 & 8.3 0 0




3 Interbasin/ sub-basin transfer (import) 8.2 0 0 3 Sub-total:1+2 12.86 18.24257 4 Water received through river 4 Irrigation use 4.1 Major & Medium 0 16.529 State+Local 37.724 47.584

From Import 0 0


unplanned CCA (12059.82 Ha) 0 253.256


A CCA of Mhasala 18900.82 Ha, area covered through Planed Project 6141 Ha. Balance CCA 12059.82 Ha.




Table : – 12 Water balance of basin Savitri Sr. Type Ref Availability Sr. Use type Ref Planning No Table Mm3 No. Table Mm3

Present 2030 Present 2030 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10


Sub-total: (a+b) 10.320 25.060



8.2 & 8.3 0 849.6




3 Interbasin/ sub-basin transfer (import) 8.2 0 0 3 Sub-total:1+2 14.62 940.0726 4 Water received through river 4 Irrigation use 4.1 Major & Medium 0 107.68 State+Local 55.229 106.514

From Import 0 0


unplanned CCA (41118.67 Ha) 0 863.492


A CCA of Savitri 60206.67 Ha, area covered through Planed Project 19088 Ha. Balance CCA 41118.67 Ha.





Table : – 13 Water balance of basin – Bharja Sr. Type Ref Availability Sr. Use type Ref Planning No Table Mm3 No. Table Mm3

Present 2030 Present 2030 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Natural 1 Non-irrigation use a Natural water available 6.11 689.95 689.95 1.1 Domestic use 10.7 a. Urban 0 0 b. Rural 0.306 0.55

Sub-total: (a+b) 0.306 0.550



8.2 & 8.3 0 0




3 Interbasin/ sub-basin transfer (import) 8.2 0 0 3 Sub-total:1+2 0.306 7.22456 4 Water received through river 4 Irrigation use 4.1 Major & Medium 0 0 State+Local 17.066 21.994

From Import 0 0




A CCA of Bharja 15925 Ha, area covered through Planed Project 1575 Ha. Balance CCA 14350 Ha .




271

Table : - 14 Water balance of sub-basin – Vashishti Sr. Type Ref Availability Sr. Use type Ref Planning No Table Mm3 No. Table Mm3

Present 2030 Present 2030

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Natural 1 Non-irrigation use a Natural water available 6.11 9544.56 9544.56 1.1 Domestic use 107 a. Urban 2.85 5.4 b. Rural 1.93 5.74

Sub-total: (a+b) 4.780 11.140

2 Manually Managed 1.2 Industrial use 107 238.74 290.3 a. Regeneration 0 0 Sub-total:-(1.1+1.2) 243.52 301.44

(urban use) Interbasin/sub-basin transfer (export) 8.2 & 8.3 0 40.89



Sub-total:- (a+b)

3 Interbasin/ sub-basin transfer (import) 8.2 3 Sub-total:1+2 243.52 436.922 4 Water received through river 4 Irrigation use 4.1 Major & Medium 25 25 State+Local 154.140 191.051

From Import 0 0

Total 10.8 179.14 216.051 5 Recharge -from irrigation 0 0 4.2 Irri.from others Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 179.14 216.051 5 Total Use (3+4) 422.66 652.973 Balance water by 2030 9121.900 8891.587 Water require after 2030 for unplanned CCA (143963.90Ha) 0 3023.24

Ultimate Balance water 9121.900 5868.347 Total (1+2+3+4+5) 9544.56 9544.56 A Import 1911.30 Mm3 from Koyana Tail race Water diversion included in surface water available (9544.56 Mm3)


C CCA of Vashishti 163283 Ha, area covered through Planed Project 19319.11 Ha. Balance CCA 143963.89 Ha .water




272

Table : – 15 Water balance of basin Shastri Sr. Type Ref Availability Sr. Use type Ref Planning No Table Mm3 No. Table Mm3

Present 2030 Present 2030 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Natural 1 Non-irrigation use a Natural water available 6.11 6676.47 6676.47 1.1 Domestic use 10.7 a. Urban 3.633 6.54 b. Rural 0.811 2.53 Sub-total: (a+b) 4.444 9.070 2 Manually Managed 1.2 Industrial use 10.7 4.86 17.57

a. Regeneration 0 0 Sub-total:-(1.1+1.2) 9.304 26.64 (urban use) Interbasin/sub-basin

transfer (export) 8.2 & 8.3 0 0


(industrial.use ) Water for environment 0 64.9276 Sub-total:- (a+b) 0 0

3 Interbasin/ sub-basin transfer (import) 8.2 3 10 3 Sub-total:1+2 9.304 91.5676 4 Water received through river 4 Irrigation use 4.1 Major & Medium 57.12 57.12 State+Local 69.458 99.950

From Import 0 0

Total 10.8 126.578 157.07 5 Recharge -from irrigation 0 0 4.2 Irri.from others Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 126.578 157.07 5 Total Use (3+4) 135.882 248.638 Balance water by 2030 6543.588 6437.832 Water require after 2030 for

unplanned CCA (177454.56 Ha) 0 3726.546


A Import 3.00 Mm3 from Kajvi basin for industrial use Present

B Import 10.00 Mm3 from Kajvi basin for industrial use Future

C CCA of Vashishti 190863.50 Ha, area covered through Planned Project 13408.94 Ha. Balance CCA 177454.56 Ha.




273

Table : – 16 Water balance of basin Muchkundi Sr. Type Ref Availability Sr. Use type Ref Planning No Table Mm3 No. Table Mm3

Present 2030 Present 2030 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Natural 1 Non-irrigation use a Natural water available 6.11 1946.53 1946.53 1.1 Domestic use 10.7 a. Urban 0.33 1.72 b. Rural 0 1.68 Sub-total: (a+b) 0.330 3.400

2 Manually Managed 1.2 Industrial use 10.7 0 0.63 a. Regeneration 0 0 Sub-total:-(1.1+1.2) 0.33 4.03

(industrial.use ) Interbasin/sub-basin transfer (export)

8.2 & 8.3 0 0 b. Regenaration 0 0 2

(indu.use ) Water for environment 0 18.55876 Sub-total:- (a+b) 0 0


From Import 0 0




A CCA of Muchakundi51723 Ha, area covered through Planned Project 5972 Ha. Balance CCA 45751 Ha




274

Table: – 17 Water balance of basin Kajvi Sr. Type Ref Availability Sr. Use type Ref Planning No Table Mm3 No. Table Mm3

Present 2030 Present 2030 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Natural 1 Non-irrigation use a Natural water available 6.11 1331.51 1331.51 1.1 Domestic use 10.7 a. Urban 1.5 1.87 b. Rural 0.35 0.35 Sub-total: (a+b) 1.850 2.220



8.2 & 8.3 3 10 b. Regenaration 0 0 2

(industrial.use ) Water for environment 0 13.03224 Sub-total:- (a+b) 0 0


From Import 0 0


unplanned CCA (34650.51Ha) 0 727.661


A Export 3.00 Mm3to Shastri Basin for industrial use Present

B Export 10.00 Mm3to Shastri Basin for industrial use Future

C CCA Kajvi 35414.51 Ha, area covered through Planned Project 764 Ha. Balance CCA 34650.51 Ha .




275

Table : – 18 Water balance of basin – Kodavali Sr. Type Ref Availability Sr. Use type Ref Planning No Table Mm3 No. Table Mm3

Present 2030 Present 2030 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Natural 1 Non-irrigation use a Natural water available 6.11 1831.52 1831.52 1.1 Domestic use 10.7 a. Urban 0.32 1.22 b. Rural 0 0 Sub-total: (a+b) 0.320 1.220

2 Manually Managed 1.2 Industrial use 10.7 0 0.53 a. Regeneration 0 0 Sub-total:-(1.1+1.2) 0.32 1.75


8.2 & 8.3 b. Regenaration 0 0 2 0 0

(industrial.use ) Sub-total:- (a+b) 0 0 Water for environment 0 17.181


From Import 0 0


unplanned CCA (23937.39Ha) 0 502.685


A CCA of kodavali 32593.39 Ha, area covered through Planned Project 8656 Ha. Balance CCA 23937.39 Ha




276

Table : – 19 Water balance of basin – Vaghotan Sr. Type Ref Availability Sr. Use type Ref Planning No Table Mm3 No. Table Mm3

Present 2030 Present 2030 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Natural 1 Non-irrigation use a Natural water available 6.11 1914.08 1914.08 1.1 Domestic use 10.7 a. Urban 0 0 b. Rural 1.62 5.63 Sub-total: (a+b) 1.620 5.630



8.2 & 8.3 b. Regenaration 0 0 2 0 0



From Import 0 0


unplanned CCA (47943.09 Ha) 0 1006.805


A CCA of Vaghotan 63785.09 Ha, area covered through Planned Project 15842 Ha. Balance CCA 47943.09 Ha




277

Table: – 20 Water balance of basin – Devgad Sr. Type


Ref Planning No Table Mm3 No. Table Mm3 Present 2030 Present 2030

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10




8.2 & 8.3 b. Regenaration 0 0 2 0 0



From Import 0 0

Total 10.8 99.597 103.226 5 Recharge -from irrigation 0 0 4.2 Irri.from others Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 99.597 103.226 5 Total Use (3+4) 101.837 122.058

Balance water by 2030 1047.013 1026.792 Water require after 2030 for



A CCA of Devgad 25980 Ha, area covered through Planned Project 5364 Ha. Balance CCA 20616 Ha.




278

Table : – 21 Water balance of basin Achara Sr. Type Ref Availability Sr. Use type Ref Planning No Table Mm3 No. Table Mm3

Present 2030 Present 2030 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10




8.2 & 8.3 b. Regenaration 0 0 2 0 0


3 Interbasin/ sub-basin transfer (import) 8.2 0 0 3 Sub-total:1+2 2.79 53.17192 4 Water received through river 4 Irrigation use 4.1 Major & Medium 0 0 State+Local 7.818 16.728 From Import 0 0 Total 10.8 7.818 16.728

5 Recharge -from irrigation 0 0 4.2 Irri.from others Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 7.818 16.728 5 Total Use (3+4) 10.608 69.900 Balance water by 2030 438.652 379.360 Water require after 2030 for

unplanned CCA (12383.19 Ha) 0 260.047


A CCA of Achara 14088.19 Ha, area covered through Planned Project 1705 Ha. Balance CCA 12383.19 Ha.




279

Table: – 22 Water balance of basin – Gad Sr. Type Ref Availability Sr. Use type Ref Planning No Table Mm3 No. Table Mm3

Present 2030 Present 2030 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10




8.2 & 8.3 b. Regenaration 0 0 2 0 0



From Import 0 0




A CCA of Gad 46061 Ha, area covered through Planned Project 16084 Ha. Balance CCA 29977 Ha.




280

Table: – 23 Water balance of basin – Karli Sr. Type Ref Availability Sr. Use type Ref Planning No Table Mm3 No. Table Mm3

Present 2030 Present 2030 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10



(urban use) 0 Interbasin/sub-basin transfer (export)

8.2 & 8.3 b. Regenaration 2 0 0



From Import 0 0




A CCA of Karli 40900 Ha, area covered through Planned Project 19810 Ha. Balance CCA 21090 Ha.




281

Table: - 24 Water balance of basin – Vengurla Sr. Type Ref Availability Sr. Use type Ref Planning No Table Mm3 No. Table Mm3

Present 2030 Present 2030 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10



(urban use) 0 0 2 Interbasin/sub-basin transfer (export)

8.2 & 8.3 b. Regenaration 0 0

(industrial.use ) 0 0 Sub-total:- (a+b) Water for environment 0 6.128

3 Interbasin/ sub-basin transfer (import) 8.2 0 1.107 3 Sub-total:1+2 1.27 10.34797 4 Water received through river 4 Irrigation use 4.1 Major & Medium 0 0 State+Local 5.450 7.610

From Export 0 0


unplanned CCA ( 23164 Ha) 0 486.444


A Import from Tillari basin 1.107 Mm3 is use as Future domastic purpose.

B CCA of Vengurla 23834 Ha, area covered through Planned Project 670 Ha. Balance CCA 23164 Ha.




282

Table: – 25 Water balance of basin –Terekhol Sr. Type Ref Availability Sr. Use type Ref Planning No Table Mm3 No. Table Mm3

Present 2030 Present 2030 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Natural 1 Non-irrigation use a Natural water available 6.11 1114 1114 1.1 Domestic use 10.7 a. Urban 1.28 1.41 b. Rural 1.75 6.57 Sub-total: (a+b) 3.030 7.980



8.2 & 8.3 0 0 b. Regenaration 0 0 2

(indu.use ) Water for environment 0 9.66285 Sub-total:- (a+b) 0 0

3 Interbasin/ sub-basin transfer (import) 8.2 0 141.694 3 Sub-total:1+2 3.126 58.32685 4 Water received through river 4 Irrigation use 4.1 Major & Medium 77.557 77.557 State+Local 62.027 62.027

From Import 0 101.161


unplanned CCA (17299.54 Ha) 0 363.29

Ultimate Balance water 971.290 593.332 Total (1+2+3+4+5) 1114 1255.694

A Import from Tillari basin 141.694 Mm3 is use as Future irrigation purposed 101.161 Mm3 and 40.523 Mm3 for industries purpose.

B CCA of Terekhol 31508.54 Ha, area covered through Planned Project 14209 Ha. Balance CCA 17299.54 Ha.




283

Table: – 26 Water balance of basin – Tillari Sr. Type Ref Availability Sr. Use type Ref Planning No Table Mm3 No. Table Mm3

Present 2030 Present 2030 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Natural 1 Non-irrigation use a Natural water available 6.11 2049.38 2049.38 1.1 Domestic use 10.7 a. Urban 0 0 b. Rural 1.37 2.24

Sub-total: (a+b) 1.370 2.240



8.2 & 8.3 b. Regenaration 0 0 2 464.163 606.964



From Import 0 80


unplanned CCA (17642.33 Ha) 0 370.489


A Import from Mahadayi basin 80.00 Mm3 is use for Future irrigation purposed

B Present Export 464.163 Mm3 for Goa State

C Export 606.964 Mm3 - For Goa 464.163 Mm3, Terekhol- 141.694 Mm3, Vengurla- 1.107 Mm3 for future

D CCA of Tillari 22659.33 Ha, area covered through Planned Project 5017 Ha. Balance CCA 17642.33 Ha.




284

Table: - 27 Water balance of basin – Mahadayi Sr. Type Ref Availability Sr. Use type Ref Planning No Table Mm3 No. Table Mm3

Present 2030 Present 2030 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Natural 1 Non-irrigation use a Natural water available 6.11 211.98 211.98 1.1 Domestic use 10.7 a. Urban 0 0 b. Rural 0 5.000 Sub-total: (a+b) 0.000 5.000 2 Manually Managed 1.2 Industrial use 10.7 0 40 a. Regeneration 0 0 Sub-total:-(1.1+1.2) 0 45

(urban use) 0 0 2 Interbasin/Intra-basin transfer (export)

8.2 & 8.3

b. Regenaration 0 80

(industrial.use ) 0 0

Sub-total:- (a+b) Water for environment 0 1.120

3 Interbasin/ sub-basin transfer (import) 8.2 0 0 3 Sub-total:1+2 0 126.120 4 Water received through river 4 Irrigation use 4.1 Major & Medium 0.00 0.00 State+Local 14.480 55.000

From Export 0 0

Total 10.8 14.48 55 5 Recharge -from irrigation 0 0 4.2 Irri.from others Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 14.48 55 5 Total Use (3+4) 14.48 181.120 Balance water by 2030 197.500 30.860 Water require after 2030 for

unplanned CCA 0 0


A Export to Tillari Basin 80 Mm3 for Future

B CCA of Mahadayi 4600 Ha, area covered through Planned Project 4600 Ha. Balance CCA 0 Ha,




Table: - 28 Water balance of basin – Mumbai Island Sr. Type Ref Availability Sr. Use type Ref Planning No Table Mm3 No. Table Mm3

Present 2030 Present 2030

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Natural 1 Non-irrigation use a Natural water available 6.11 49.075 49.075 1.1 Domestic use 10.7 Tulsi & Vihar (10.428+38.647 Mm3) a. Urban 1472.400 1707.300 b. Rural 0 0 Sub-total: (a+b) 1472.400 1707.300 2 Manually Managed 1.2 Industrial use 10.7 163.600 189.700 a. Regeneration 0 136.384 Sub-total:-(1.1+1.2) 1636.000 1897.000


8.2 & 8.3 0 0 b. Regenaration 0 15.176 2

(industrial.use ) Water for environment Sub-total:- (a+b) 0 0 0.000 7.998 3 Interbasin/ sub-basin transfer (import) 8.2 1286.06 2496.17 3 Sub-total:1+2 1636.000 1904.998 4 Water received through river 4 Irrigation use 4.1 Major & Medium 0 0 State+Local 0 0

From Import 0 0

Total 10.8 0 0 5 Recharge -from irrigation 0 0 4.2 Irri.from others 0.000 0.000 Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 0.000 0.000 5 Total Use (3+4) 1636.000 1904.998

Balance water by 2030 -300.865 791.807 Water require after 2030 for

unplanned CCA 0 0

Ultimate Balance water -300.865 791.807 Total (1+2+3+4+5) 1335.135 2696.805

A Present Import 1286.060 Mm3

Import 740.67 Mm3 from Vaitarna

Import 545.39 Mm3 from Ulhas

B Future Import 2496.17 Mm3

Import 1950.78 Mm3 from Vaitarna

Import 545.39 Mm3 from Ulhas




286

Table: – 10.7 Demand of water for Domestic & industrial water use

Sr.

No.

Sub basin Population

(2011)

Domestic water demand Industrial Water demand Population

(2030)

Domestic water demand Industrial Water demand

Total

Water

Surface

Water

Ground

Water

Total

Water

Surface

Water

Ground

Water

Total

Water

Surface

Water

Ground

Water

Total

Water

Surface

Water

Ground

Water

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

1 Ambika

i) Rural 20025 0.94 0 0.94 0 0 0 31668 1.16 0.01 1.15

0

ii) Urban 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

iii) Industries

0 0 0

3.36 3.36 0

2 Aurnga

i) Rural 51183 1.3 0 1.30

0

63978 2.34 0.30 2.04

ii) Urban

0

iii) Industries

0 0 0

0 0 0 3 Nar-par

0

i) Rural 188592 7.09 0 7.09 0 0 0 235759 8.61 0.01 8.6 0 0 0

ii) Urban 0 0 0 0 0 0

iii) Industries

0 0 0

7.91 7.91 0

4 Damanganga

i) Rural 630797 12.96 0 12.96

788496 28.78 12.77 16.01

ii) Urban 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

iii) Industries

0 0 0 0 0 0

10.59 10.59 0

5 Vaitarna

i) Rural 1034000 33.651 10.421 23.23

1292000 47.158 23.928 23.23

ii) Urban 1230000 48.43 48.43 0

1537000 75.76 75.76 0

iii) Industries

0.853 0.853 0

15.975 15.975 0

6 Streams between

D and V

i) Rural 625828 5.814 5.804 0.01

782285 28.55 28.535 0.015

ii) Urban 105000 3.577 3.577 0

149000 7.34 7.34 0

iii) Industries

27.4 27.4 0

41.02 41.02 0




Sr.

No.


(2011)


(2030)


Total

Water

Surface

Water

Ground

Water

Total

Water

Surface

Water

Ground

Water

Total

Water

Surface

Water

Ground

Water

Total

Water

Surface

Water

Ground

Water

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

7 Ulhas

i) Rural 1234000 61.9 61.9 0

0 0 1538300 56.15 56.15 0

0

ii) Urban 5115000 378.42 378.42 0

6398700 350.33 350.33 0

iii) Industries

248.58 248.58 0

373.5 373.5 0

8 Patalganga

i) Rural 1793183 29.03 29.03 0

2260764 82.52 82.52 0

ii) Urban 2457219 170.93 170.93 0

3734660 184.03 184.03 0

iii) Industries

18.25 18.25 0

50 50 0

9 Amba

i) Rural 211110 22.11 14.97 7.14

297474 11.48 0 11.48

ii) Urban 21725 2.93 2.93 0

29228 1.44 1.44 0

iii) Industries

44 44 0

127 127 0

10 Kundalika

i) Rural 339036 13.52 12.38 1.14

426330 15.56 14.42 1.14

ii) Urban 47429 1.98 1.98 0

67396 3.32 3.32 0

iii) Industries

27.68 27.68 0

68.08 68.08 0

11 Mhasalakhadi

i) Rural 125062 12.5 10 2.50

168283 6.14 0.44 5.7

ii) Urban 21188 2.86 2.86 0

28510 1.4 1.4 0

iii) Industries

0 0 0

0 0 0

12 savitri

i) Rural 405721 10.29 10.29 0

608584 22.21 22.21 0

ii) Urban 46276 0.03 0.03 0

57815 2.85 2.85 0

iii) Industries

4.3 4.3 0

14.6 14.6 0




Sr.

No.


(2011)


(2030)


Total

Water

Surface

Water

Ground

Water

Total

Water

Surface

Water

Ground

Water

Total

Water

Surface

Water

Ground

Water

Total

Water

Surface

Water

Ground

Water

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

13 Bharja

i) Rural 60149 2.196 0.306 1.89

65000 2.74 0.55 2.19

ii) Urban

0 0 0

0

iii) Industries

0 0 0 0 0 0

0

0 0 0

14 Vashishti

i) Rural 517739 7.65 1.93 5.72

647174 23.62 5.74 17.88

ii) Urban 87744 2.85 2.85 0

109680 5.4 5.4 0

iii) Industries

7.72 7.72 0

51.56 51.56 0

15 Shastri

i) Rural 517708 7.56 0.81 6.75

647138 23.62 2.53 21.09

ii) Urban 106187 3.633 3.633 0

132733 6.54 6.54 0

iii) Industries

5.061 4.86 0.201

17.771 17.57 0.201

16 Muchkundi

i) Rural 135067 4.87 0 4.87

235000 8.58 1.68 6.9

ii) Urban 18000 0.330 0.33 0

35000 1.72 1.72 0

iii) Industries

0 0 0

0.63 0.63 0

17 Kajavi

i) Rural 103101 3.52 0.35 3.17

136982 5.00 0.35 4.65

ii) Urban 30370 1.5 1.5 0

37963 1.87 1.87 0

iii) Industries

0 0 0

0 0 0

18 Kodavali

i) Rural 91500 1.47 0 1.47

110250 4.02 0 4.02

ii) Urban 16500 0.32 0.32 0

24750 1.22 1.22 0

iii) Industries

0

0 0 0

0.53 0.53 0

19 Waghotan

i) Rural 112718 1.62 1.62 0

154182 5.63 5.63 0 0 0 0

ii) Urban 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

iii) Industries

0 0 0 0

0 0 0




Sr.

No.


(2011)


(2030)


Total

Water

Surface

Water

Ground

Water

Total

Water

Surface

Water

Ground

Water

Total

Water

Surface

Water

Ground

Water

Total

Water

Surface

Water

Ground

Water

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

20 Devgad

i) Rural 154652 2.24 2.24 0

231900 8.46 8.46 0

ii) Urban 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

iii) Industries

0 0 0

0 0 0

21 Achara

i) Rural 45653 1.58 1.58 0

63494 2.32 2.32 0

ii) Urban

0

0 0 0

iii) Industries

0 1.21 1.21 0

47.02 47.02 0

22 Gad

i) Rural 70410 1.02 1.02 0

71537 2.61 2.61 0

ii) Urban 26691 0.68 0.68 0

27091 1.34 1.34 0

iii) Industries

0 0 0

0 0 0

23 Karli

i) Rural 16053 0.23 0.23 0

24080 0.88 0.88 0

ii) Urban 17137 0.25 0.25 0

25705 1.27 1.27 0

iii) Industries

0.37 0.37

3.285 3.285 0

24 Vengurla

i) Rural 46287 0.68 0.68 0

69431 2.53 2.53 0

ii) Urban 22901 0.59 0.59 0

34352 1.69 1.69 0

iii) Industries

0 0

0 0

25 Terekhol

i) Rural 119955 1.75 1.75 0

179933 6.57 6.57 0

ii) Urban 23851 1.28 1.28 0

28621 1.41 1.41 0

iii) Industries

0.096 0.096

40.684 40.684 0




Sr.

No.


(2011)


(2030)


Total

Water

Surface

Water

Ground

Water

Total

Water

Surface

Water

Ground

Water

Total

Water

Surface

Water

Ground

Water

Total

Water

Surface

Water

Ground

Water

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

26 Tillari

i) Rural 62799 2.29 1.37 0.92

94199 3.44 2.24 1.2

ii) Urban

0 0

0

iii) Industries

0.19 0.16 0.03

3.633 3.578 0.055

27 Mahadayi

i) Rural

5 5

ii) Urban

iii) Industries

40 40

28 Mumbai Island

i) Rural 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ii) Urban 12442376 1472.4 1472.400 0 15660000 1707.3 1707.3 0

iii) Industries 163.600 163.6 0 189.7 189.7 0

Total 30547922 2341.851 2261.671 81.1 780.51 780.279 0.231 39342425 2771.908 2644.613 128.895 1345.588 1345.332 0.256

Notes:

1 The water requirement at present is worked out @70 and @100 Litre per capita for Rural and Urban areas MJP; and in future is worked out

@135 Litre per capita for urban and @ 100 Litre per capita for rural . For Mumbai Island requirement is taken as per actual demand from BMC.

2 Industrial water requirements are considered as confirmed from department of industries.

3 The present and future population is considered in 2011 as base year and is based on the estimates by MJP and Mumbai Corporation.




291

Table-10.8 Status of Irrigation Projects

Sr

No.

SubBasin Project Status Diversi

on to

other

sub

basin

Total Remarks

Project Category

&Attribute

Complete

d

Ongoing

1 Ambika

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 0 0 0 0

ii) Irrigation Use in Mm3 0 0 0 0

b)Minor(State Sector &

Local Sector)

i) No. 0 5 5

ii) Irrigation Use in Mm3 0 2.746 0 2.746

Total a+b

i)No. 0 5 0 5


2 Auranga

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 0 0 0 0



Local Sector)

i) No. 0 9 9


Total a+b

i)No. 0 9 0 9


3 Nar-Par

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 0 0 0 0



Local Sector)

i) No. 67 26 93

ii) Irrigation Use in Mm3 30.617 6.03 0 36.647

Total a+b

i)No. 67 26 0 93


4 Damanganga

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 0 0 0 0



Local Sector)




Sr

No.


on to

other

sub

basin

Total Remarks

i) No. 60 10 70


Total a+b

i)No. 60 10 0 70


5 Vaitarna

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 5 2 0 7 Tansa,

Modaksagar,

Middle

Vaitarna-WS

Proj.of BMC

and Upper

Vaitarna-

HP/WS proj.,

Deharji-WS-

Proj.

ii) Irrigation Use in Mm3 28.47 96.62 100.12 225.21


Local Sector)

i) No. 946 116 1062 Pelhar MI-WS-

SS


Total a+b

i)No. 951 118 0 1069


6 Stream Betweeen D and V

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 0 0 0 0



Local Sector)

i) No. 5 1 6


Total a+b

i)No. 5 1 0 6


7 Ulhas

a) Major & Medium




Sr

No.


on to

other

sub

basin

Total Remarks

i) No. 2 3 0 5 Comp-Barvi-

MIDC,

Ongoing-Kalu

and Shai -WS-

Proj. MMRDA



Local Sector)

i) No. 545 102 647


Total a+b

i)No. 547 105 0 652


8 Patalganga

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 0 3 0 3 Balganga -

Ongoing-WS -

Proj.-CIDCO,

Morbe-WS-

New Mumbai.



Local Sector)

i) No. 25 1 26 Ransai-

Completed-

WS-Proj.-

MIDC

Deharanga-

WS-Panvel

Corp.


Total a+b

i)No. 25 4 0 29


9 Amba

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 1 0 0 1

ii) Irrigation Use in Mm3 12.4 0 0 12.4


Local Sector)




Sr

No.


on to

other

sub

basin

Total Remarks

i) No. 20 5 25


Total a+b

i)No. 21 5 0 26


10 Kundalika

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 1 1 0 2



Local Sector)

i) No. 25 10 35


Total a+b

i)No. 26 11 0 37


11 Mhasala

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 0 0 0 0



Local Sector)

i) No. 9 11 20 Ongoing-

Harihareshwar

-WS-Proj.-

MTDC


Total a+b

i)No. 9 11 0 20


12 Savitri

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 0 2 0 2 Kal and

Kumbhe -HP



Local Sector)

i) No. 19 13 32


Total a+b

i)No. 19 15 0 34





Sr

No.


on to

other

sub

basin

Total Remarks

13 Bharja

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 0 0 0 0



Local Sector)

i) No. 3 1 4


Total a+b

i)No. 3 1 0 4


14 Vashishti

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 1 0 0 1



Local Sector)

i) No. 17 18 35


Total a+b

i)No. 18 18 0 36


15 Shastri

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 0 1 0 1



Local Sector)

i) No. 9 14 23 Completed-

Shil-WS.SS


Total a+b

i)No. 9 15 0 24


16 Muchkundi

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 0 0 0 0



Local Sector)

i) No. 7 10 17





Sr

No.


on to

other

sub

basin

Total Remarks

Total a+b

i)No. 7 10 0 17


17 Kajvi

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 0 0 0 0



Local Sector)

i) No. 2 1 3


Total a+b

i)No. 2 1 0 3


18 Kodavali

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 0 1 0 1



Local Sector)

i) No. 6 5 11


Total a+b

i)No. 6 6 0 12


19 Vaghotan

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 0 3 0 3



Local Sector)

i) No. 5 11 16


Total a+b

i)No. 5 14 0 19





Sr

No.


on to

other

sub

basin

Total Remarks

20 Devgad

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 0 1 0 1



Local Sector)

i) No. 4 2 6


Total a+b

i)No. 4 3 0 7


21 Achara

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 0 0 0 0



Local Sector)

i) No. 0 2 2


Total a+b

i)No. 0 2 0 2


22 Gad

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 0 1 0 1



Local Sector)

i) No. 13 7 20


Total a+b

i)No. 13 8 0 21


23 Karli




Sr

No.


on to

other

sub

basin

Total Remarks

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 0 1 0 1



Local Sector)

i) No. 11 2 13


Total a+b

i)No. 11 3 0 14


24 Vengurla

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 0 0 0 0



Local Sector)

i) No. 48 1 49


Total a+b

i)No. 48 1 0 49


25 Terekhol

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 0 1 0 1



Local Sector)

i) No. 5 5 10


Total a+b

i)No. 5 6 0 11


26 Tillari

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 1 1 0 2



Local Sector)

i) No. 1 0 1

ii) Irrigation Use in Mm3 3.085 0 0 3.085




Sr

No.


on to

other

sub

basin

Total Remarks

Total a+b

i)No. 2 1 0 3


27 Mahadayi

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 0 0 0 0



Local Sector)

i) No. 0 1 1


Total a+b

i)No. 0 1 0 1


28 Mumbai Islnd

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 0 0 0 0

ii) Irrigation Use in Mm3 0 0 0 0.000


Local Sector)

i) No. 2 0 2 Vihar & Tulsi-

WS projects of

BMC.

ii) Irrigation Use in Mm3 0 0 0 0.000

Total a+b

i)No. 2 0 0 2


Total WFRB

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 11 21 0 32.000



Local Sector)

i) No. 1854 389 0 2243.000


Total a+b

i)No. 1865 410 0 2275.000


Note: Above list of Projects includes water supply and H P project also.




Abstract of Irrigation Project

Sr. No. Basin Water Use (Mm3) (Irrigation)

Major+Medium State +Local Import

Present Future Present Future Present Future

1 Ambika 0.000 0.000 2.746 2.746 0.000 0.000

2 Auranga 0.000 0.000 6.612 6.612 0.000 0.000

3 Narpar 0.000 0.000 36.647 36.647 0.000 0.000

4 Damanganga 0.000 115.910 102.030 169.550 0.000 0.000

5 Vaitarna 125.090 186.240 162.355 437.197 0.000 204.765

6 Streams btwn D

and V

0.000 0.000 22.418 33.014 100.120 100.120

7 Ulhas 331.650 396.848 157.858 241.766 0.000 0.000

8 Patalganga 79.065 94.740 28.706 39.936 0.000 0.000

9 Amba 12.400 27.310 20.782 33.232 0.000 0.000

10 Kundalika 192.020 192.020 20.897 25.510 0.000 0.000

11 Mhasala 0.000 16.529 37.724 47.584 0.000 0.000

12 Savitri 0.000 107.680 55.229 106.514 0.000 0.000

13 Bharja 0.000 0.000 17.066 21.944 0.000 0.000

14 Vashishthi 25.000 25.000 154.136 191.051 0.000 0.000

15 Shastri 57.120 57.120 69.458 99.950 0.000 0.000

16 Muchkundi 0.000 0.000 74.319 86.624 0.000 0.000

17 Kajavi 0.000 0.000 9.247 16.066 0.000 0.000

18 Kodavali 70.920 70.920 34.246 40.756 0.000 0.000

19 Waghotan 135.282 135.282 37.357 44.147 0.000 0.000

20 Devgad 85.007 85.007 14.589 18.219 0.000 0.000

21 Achara 0.000 0.000 7.818 16.728 0.000 0.000

22 Gad 99.230 99.230 53.557 79.867 0.000 0.000

23 Karli 281.251 281.251 26.077 32.376 0.000 0.000

24 Vengurla 0.000 0.000 5.450 7.610 0.000 0.000

25 Terkhol 77.557 77.557 62.027 62.027 0.000 101.161

26 Tillari 155.428 188.225 3.085 6.898 0.000 80.000

27 Mahadayi 0.000 0.000 14.480 55.000 0.000 0.000

28 Mumbai Island 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total 1727.02 2156.87 1236.92 1959.57 100.12 486.046

Present Use 3064.056

Future Use 4602.486




10.2.9. Annex-II: Groundwater Balance

Groundwater Balance in WFR Basin

There are 91 watersheds in the WFR Basin. All 91 watersheds are in ‘Safe’ category and water-

table trend is rising, both in monsoon and non-monsoon seasons indicating good scope for development

of groundwater. The average stage of groundwater development of WFR basin is 23 %.

The calculations of Net groundwater are based on the Groundwater Assessment Report GEC - 97

2011-12 for all the 28 basins of WFR Basin. The groundwater availability for 28 basins of WFR basin is

1584.46 mm3. The present total use is 322.81 mm3 and groundwater in balance is 1261.64 mm3. There

is scope for construction of 81235 new wells.




302

Table -10.9. Groundwater Water Balance of WFRB Unit : Mm3

S.

N.

Sub Basin Present Status Status by 2030

Availability of GW Planned Use Balance

Water

Availability of Planned Use Balance

GW

(GEC 97) 2011 GW

(GEC 97) 2011

Net 70% of Domestic Industrial Irrigation Total Net 70% of Domestic Industrial Irrigation Total

GW Net GW GW Net GW

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

1 Ambika 15.060 10.542 0.94 0 0 0.94 9.60 15.06 10.54 1.15 0 9.39 10.54 0.00

2 Auranga 19.850 13.895 1.3 0 1.22 2.52 11.38 19.85 13.90 2.04 0 11.86 13.90 0.00

3 Narpar 101.930 71.351 7.09 0.00 0.00 7.09 64.26 101.93 71.35 8.60 0.00 62.751 71.35 0.00

4 Damanganga 160.330 112.231 12.96 0.00 0.00 12.96 99.27 160.33 112.23 16.01 0.00 96.221 112.23 0.00

5 Vaitarna 324.87 227.409 23.23 0.00 0.00 23.23 204.18 324.87 227.41 23.23 0.00 204.18 227.41 0.00

6

Streams

between D and

V

68.550 47.985 0.01 0.00 26.57 26.58 21.41 68.55 47.99 0.02 0.00 47.970 47.99 0.00

7 Ulhas 264.99 185.493 0 0 27.44 27.44 158.05 264.99 185.49 0 0 185.49 185.49 0.00

8 Patalganga 202.94 142.058 0 0 23.81 23.81 118.25 202.94 142.06 0 0 142.06 142.06 0.00

9 Amba 61.906 43.334 7.14 0 0 7.14 36.19 61.906 43.33 11.48 0 31.85 43.33 0.00

10 Kundalika 109.11 76.377 1.14 0 10.45 11.59 64.79 109.11 76.38 1.14 0 75.24 76.38 0.00

11 Mhasala 66.94 46.858 2.51 0 16.82 19.33 27.53 66.94 46.86 5.7 0 41.16 46.86 0.00

12 Savitri 163.09 114.163 0 0 15.57 15.57 98.59 163.09 114.16 0.00 0.00 114.16 114.16 0.00

13 Bharja 16.86 11.802 1.89 0 0 1.89 9.91 16.86 11.80 2.19 0.00 9.61 11.80 0.00

14 Vashishti 134.73 94.311 5.72 0 7.26 12.98 81.331 134.73 94.31 17.88 0 76.43 94.311 0.00

15 Shastri 172.95 121.065 6.75 0.201 17.089 24.04 97.025 172.95 121.07 21.09 0.201 99.77 121.065 0.00

16 Kajavi 21.43 15.001 3.17 0 0 3.17 11.831 21.43 15.00 4.65 0 10.351 15.001 0.00

17 Muchkundi 45.28 31.696 4.87 0 0 4.87 26.826 45.28 31.70 6.9 0 24.796 31.696 0.00




S.

N.

Sub Basin Present Status Status by 2030

Availability of GW Planned Use Balance

Water

Availability of Planned Use Balance

GW

(GEC 97) 2011 GW

(GEC 97) 2011

Net 70% of Domestic Industrial Irrigation Total Net 70% of Domestic Industrial Irrigation Total

GW Net GW GW Net GW

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

18 Kodavali 42.28 29.596 1.47 0 2.27 3.74 25.856 42.28 29.60 4.02 0 25.576 29.596 0.00

19 Waghotan 43.13 30.191 0 0 13.13 13.13 17.061 43.13 30.19 0 0 30.191 30.191 0.00

20 Devgad 39.19 27.433 0 0 12.87 12.87 14.563 39.19 27.43 0 0 27.433 27.433 0.00

21 Achara 10.36 7.252 0 0 3.27 3.27 3.982 10.36 7.25 0 0 7.252 7.252 0.00

22 Gad 72.51 50.757 0 0 19.96 19.96 30.797 72.51 50.76 0 0 50.757 50.757 0.00

23 Karli 50.99 35.693 0 0 25.09 25.09 10.603 50.99 35.69 0 0 35.693 35.693 0.00

24 Vengurla 26.91 18.837 0 0 10.89 10.89 7.947 26.91 18.84 0 0 18.837 18.837 0.00

25 Terkhol 21.57 15.099 0 0 6.47 6.47 8.629 21.57 15.10 0 0 15.1 15.1 0.00

26 Tillari 5.744 4.021 0.92 0.03 1.29 2.24 1.7808 5.744 4.02 1.2 0.055 2.765 4.02 0.00

27 Mahadayi

0.000

0.00

0.00

28 Mumbai Island N.A.

WFB 2263.500 1584.45 81.11 0.23 241.47 322.81 1261.64 2263.50 1584.45 127.30 0.26 1456.89 1584.45 0

N.A.: Not Available

Recommendations:-

There is much more scope for utilization of ground water for irrigation and other uses in the WFR basin.




304




11. Water Resources Management

11.1.Management of Irrigation Projects

11.1.1. Introduction:

This chapter deals with Water Management, Governance & Regulation (WMGR) of the “Main

System” of State level Major, Medium & Minor Projects & its objective is to suggest ways & means to

improve the same.

11.1.2. Review of Documents:

Issues related to Management of Irrigation Projects have been discussed in following recent

official documents:

Report of the High Level Committee on Balanced Regional Development Issues in Maharashtra, Oct 2013

(Kelkar Committee)

�� ह�� , �� )Chitale Committee)

�� (� �ह�� )*�� ह��, +,� ��)Action Taken Report)

��5� 6�7�� 8(�9�� (� �ह�� :7;<� +� �:*7� ��;�=�� ;6�, ��) ��>)Comments of WRD, GoM on Kelkar Committee’s recommendations)

Govt Resolutions, WRD, GoM from 1st Jan 2015 to 30th Nov 2016

Being important & relevant, a brief review of said documents is first taken here.

Kelkar Committee:

Kelkar Committee has made observations (Annex – 1) about

1. Incomplete & inadequate distribution system,

2. Lack of funds & poor maintenance,

3. Inconsistency in measurement of crop area,

4. Necessity of Eight Monthly Irrigation,

5. Need of improvement in irrigation efficiencies &

6. Importance of Volumetric Supply.

Kelkar Committee has recommended

1. Establishment of New- CADA,

2. Implementation of Eight Monthly Irrigation &

3. Introduction of Volumetric Supply of water.




WRD has accepted recommendations of Kelkar Committee vide its letter cited above

Chitale Committee:

Systemic Faults regarding O & M as identified by Chitale Committee (Annex – 2) are as follows:

1. Sanctioning projects in absence of Master Plans,

2. Sanctioning LIS without considering their socio-economic aspects & operating them without

insisting for drip,

3. Overlap of the command area of new weirs / storage tanks & existing projects

4. Declaration of creation of Irrigation Potential without completing DISNET

5. Doing works without having a water use strategy,

6. Abandoning good practice of preparing project completion reports,

7. Very slow process of handing over of project from construction wing to management & further

to WUAs,

8. No guidelines regarding how to form a WUA on storage tanks.

9. Inadequate number of Irrigation – sections & large number of vacant posts in management

wing,

10. Non-functional Canal Advisory Committees

Inordinate delay in compiling information about Crop Area Measurement.

Improvements regarding O & M suggested by Chitale Committee (Annex -3)

are given below

1. Irrigation potential be declared as created only after ensuring completion of DISNET

2. Revise Irrigation Potential considering diversion of water from irrigation to non-irrigation.

3. Expedite handing over of project from construction wing to management wing, constitution of

WUAs, creation of irrigation-sections & provision of irrigation staff

4. Introduce Irrigation Modernisation Program (drip, piped distribution system, etc)

5. Prepare manual for Lift Irrigation Schemes

6. Study “Reasons behind reduction in carrying capacities of canals” & “Effectiveness of canal

lining” at MERI, Nashik

7. Check & specify “Other use” under Non-Irrigation

8. Prepare Rules for Irrigation Development Corporations




9. Carry out Siltation Studies based on Remote Sensing technique in major, medium & some

representative minor projects

10. Do Crop Area Measurement using Remote Sensing on major projects & lift irrigation schemes

11. Improve method of compilation of Crop Areas for inclusion in the Report of State Economic

Survey

12. Wave off Water tariff on wells only in the case of WUAs

13. 100% treatment of water used for Non-irrigation purposes in deficit & highly deficit river basins

14. Action Taken Report, WRD, GoM June 2014 has accepted all above improvements in principle.

Committee has been constituted to prepare details of implementation.

Govt Resolutions:

GoM has issued GRs (Annex -4) regarding following issues related to management of irrigation

projects in last 2 years (1st Jan 2015 to 30 Nov 2016)

1. Preparation of policy/ guidelines / procedures for

2. Piped Distribution Network

3. Early completion of ongoing projects,

4. Declaration of Irrigation Potential of barrages, KT weirs & Storage Tanks

5. Preparation of Project Reports of new Lift Irrigation Schemes,

6. Maintenance & Repairs of projects,

7. Constitution of WUAs on projects without canals,

8. Agreements for supply of water for non-irrigation,

9. Recovery of water tariff from non-irrigation water users

Changes in scope of the projects

(1) Independent office for Chief Water Auditor, Maharashtra

(2) Conversion of Construction offices into Management Offices & creation of new irrigation-sections

(3) Re-structuring of Canal Advisory Committees

(4) Extension to private Lift Irrigation Schemes

(5)Transfer of management from govt to Irrigation Development Corporations & use of water tariff

for Irrigation Management

(6) Committees regarding:

- Improvements suggested by Chitale Committe (SIT)




- Preparation of one report combining Irrigation Status Report & Benchmarking

- Micro irrigation

- Reservation for non-irrigation/Sectoral allocation

In view of the recommendations of Kelkar & Chitale Committees, WRD’s opinions thereupon &

recent govt resolutions, this chapter gives emphasis on Modernisation of Irrigation Systems, Volumetric

Supply, Piped Distribution Network, Systematic Maintenance plan, Revision of Irrigation Potential, Eight

Monthly Irrigation & Projectwise Management Improvement Plan

11.1.3. Modernisation of Irrigation Systems:

Large scale public sector irrigation projects in Maharashtra provide water not only for irrigation

but even for non-irrigation [drinking, domestic, industrial, etc] purposes. They are expected (but not

designed for) to simultaneously achieve multiple & at times, even competitive / conflicting objectives.

Existing irrigation projects in Maharashtra are upstream controlled, manually operated, mostly open

channel systems without any arrangement for operation of Head Regulators & Cross Regulators based

on Real Time data. Their present performance is obviously an outcome of their original nature &

inherent characteristics. For example, the Overall Project Efficiency (OPE) assumed in the design of these

projects normally ranges between 41 to 48% only! It is needless to say that the actual OPE is hardly 20 to

25% because of host of real life practical constraints. It would not be correct to expect something for

which the system is not designed. The point is unless the Main System is modernised & its

characteristics are changed, there would not be any significant improvement in its performance. Main

System means reservoirs, canals & distribution network (DISNET) with facilities to control, regulate &

measure water level & discharge. Better the Main System better will be the WMGR which, in turn,

would help improve actual use of water by different utilities. Characteristics & constraints of the Main

System & measures for its gradual modernisation are given in Annex- 5.

Upstream controlled system:

Irrigation Projects in Maharashtra are basically Upstream Controlled Systems. Such systems

work as per the logic of supply side management. Water level upstream of control element (e.g. Cross

Regulator) is maintained. Changes in discharge are initiated at the upstream end by the system

operators who obviously take decisions of their own convenience. Needs & demands of water users are

seldom considered. Decisions taken by the bureaucracy are thrust upon the users. Majority of users,

therefore, usually get inadequate volume of water mostly at wrong time for unpredictable duration. This

is the main reason behind the dismal performance of Water Users Associations. Though Participatory

Irrigation Management (PIM) has been accepted in Water Policy & provided for in the Acts & Rules, the

conventional Main System is just not compatible for PIM simply because it has not been designed, from

engineering point of view, for such paradigm shift.

Downstream controlled system:

Downstream controlled systems, on the contrary, work as per the logic of demand side

management. Water level downstream of control element is maintained. Changes in discharge, in an

already filled canal, are initiated at the downstream end by the users / WUAs. They start taking water,

their demand gets transmitted upstream through water itself & finally the system responds by releasing

matching discharge because it is designed for “On Demand” logic from engineering point of view. Main

System, here, is compatible for PIM. Dynamic Regulation on Majalgaon Project was one of the variants




of downstream control systems! It is necessary to revisit Majalgaon Project where this concept was

introduced way back in early 1990s. “Digital India” demands Canal Automation! It is proposed that a

new project may be designed, on pilot basis, using principles of Downstream Control. Main System can

be modernised through many other measures too as described in following paragraphs

HR & CR Gates:

Most of the HR & CR gates, at present, are either out of order or missing in most of the projects.

Tampering & vandalism is a major problem. Moreover, these gates are cumbersome to operate. Their

manual operation limits flexibility of canal operation. Absence of real time data of water level &

discharge makes the situation more complex. The end result is there is no water level & discharge

control. Volumetric supply of water becomes practically impossible. There could be four possible

solutions, as follows, to remedy the situation.

Provide motorised HR & CR gates and protect, maintain & operate them by respectively

implementing Water Laws, creating Special Gates M & R Mobile Units & appointing trained system

operators

OR

Replace conventional HR gates by Distributors & conventional CR gates in main canal by

automatic gates & that in distributaries by Duckbill or Diagonal weirs

Introduce Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) on main canals of major projects to

start with.

Go for a “proper mix” of above 3 solutions together. It is proposed that pilot projects may be taken up to

try above solutions.

Measuring devices:

The situation regarding measuring devices on canals & DISNET in almost all projects is

frustrating to say the least. They are not provided / constructed, in the first place, at the head of all

canals & DISNET. If at all there are measuring devices, it is quite likely that they may be suffering from

common problems, namely, wrong design, improper location, defective construction poor M &R and

unreliable records

The situation regarding Water Meters on pipelines of non-irrigation schemes is not very

different. Water Meters are not insisted for, in the first place, as per the Agreements with utilities. There

appears to be no systemic & systematic plans for provision, installation, maintenance, repairs &

calibration of water meters in adequate numbers

There could be three ways, as follows, to improve the situation.

Provide measuring devices on large scale & do flow measurement as per WALMI Publication No

36, MWRRA’s Technical Manual for Water Entitlement, MMISF Act, 2005 & Rules, 2006 and MWRRA

Act, 2005. OR




Switch over to indirect measurement of water. Requirement of measuring devices can be

reduced if conventional HR gates are replaced by Distributors. These structures release known &

constant discharge. Volume can be obtained only by measuring the time for which that discharge is

given.

Go for a “proper mix” of above 2 solutions together

Industrial production of HR & CR gates, duckbill weirs, measuring devices & water meters and

provision, installation, maintenance, repairs, calibration, automatic data collection, etc could be a huge

business opportunity through “Make in India” & “Start up companies” Requirement of HR & CR gates

and Measuring Devices can be worked out using pro forma given in Annex – 6

11.1.4. Volumetric Supply

Volumetric Supply (VS) is an accepted principle. `Why’ & `What’ parts of VS have already been

adequately provided for in State Water Policy, MMISF Act & Rules, MWRRA Act, MWRRA Technical

Manual & in WALMI training / research / publications. The million-dollar questions now need to be

answered are - How? When? To what extent? By whom? At what cost? Introducing V S at individual

WUA level is comparatively easy. Introducing VS at project level is a real challenge. What is necessary,

called for & warranted is SYSTEMIC APPROACH. Roadmap for VS is presented in Annex – 7.

11.1.5. Piped Distribution Network:

Piped Distribution Network (PDN) is one better alternative to open channel flow. It is ideally

suited for ridge distributaries on new irrigation projects or incomplete canal works, for distributaries by

dispensing with falls, road bridges and land acquisition problems. For conversion of existing open canals

into pipe line conveyance system, all these advantages are lost. Hence, it should be a must for all new

projects and ongoing projects where DISNET is yet to be executed. For LIS also it is ideal because water

could be delivered under pressure and MIS could be introduced easily. Main canal can also be of pipes

for new projects if it is economical to do so in the long run. But since all main canals are generally

designed as contour canals, velocity of flow cannot be increased by providing steep bed gradient to the

canal, thereby reducing the pipe diameter and economising on cost.

PDN would be more successful in new or recently started ongoing projects. But, past experience

of PDN in 55 minor projects in Konkan (taken up with the help of European Union) suggests that

conventional design based on upstream control logic may not work. Limited Rate Demand Schedule

(LRDS) as implemented in Mahaveli Project in Sri Lanka is worth trying. It would also pave way for Micro-

Irrigation in the command of irrigation projects.

11.1.6. Maintenance & Repairs:

Whatever may be the type of irrigation project, conventional or modernised; there is no

substitute for Maintenance & Repairs (M & R). Non- maintenance of the systems is one of the main

reasons behind the gap between irrigation potential created & utilised. Lack or poor maintenance leads

to reduction in canal capacity & increase in conveyance losses which, in turn, adversely affect the

irrigation schedules. And erratic & unpredictable water supply is a sure recipe for water conflicts.

Deferred or accumulated maintenance invites costly & frequent rehabilitation. It is, therefore, necessary

to go to basics, revisit the basic concepts, solve the administrative / management problems, evolve

effective maintenance strategies, diagnose common problems, scrupulously follow forgotten technical

circulars & address the maintenance problem urgently & in upfront manner. Annex – 8 (Maintenance of




Irrigation Projects at a glance) & Format – 1[Systematic Plan for Regular Maintenance & Repairs] give

necessary details.

There is also a felt need to revise the rationale behind the norms for M & R grants. The age-old

criterion of “Rs per ha” irrespective of nature of component & project-specificity is too ad-hoc & vague

to address the ground reality. WALMI, Aurangabad has studied the issue at the instance of MWRRA as

part of an exercise on Water Tariff & has given some important suggestions in its report (Annex -9). Gist

of WALMI’s suggestions is given below.

1. Different `basic norms’ for head works, canals, K T weirs & LI schemes

2. Adjustments i.e. increase over & above basic norms giving due thought to the age of project &

location of project (whether in BC Soil areas or in heavy rainfall zone)

3. Fixed schedule of releasing the M & R funds

4. Computerised system of accounting the expenditure of the M&R funds &

5. Component-wise classification of expenditure incurred.

6. It is proposed that WALMI’s recommendations may be accepted. Those may reduce the gap

between norms & needs, streamline M & R activities and help develop a data base necessary for

future decision making.

11.1.7. Revision of Irrigation Potential:

Created irrigation potential of a project reduces with the passage of time because of following factors:

1. Reduction in yield due to upstream abstractions like new projects in the catchment area of

existing projects

2. Reduction in Dead as well as Live Storage capacities due to encroachment by silt in the

reservoirs

3. Diversion of water from irrigation to non-irrigation / increase in reservation for non-irrigation

purposes

4. Increase in losses due to evaporation, percolation, leakage & conveyance losses

5. Conversion of land under agriculture into non-agriculture (NA) land

6. Increase in area under perennial & hot weather crops

7. Nil or less Kharif utilisation

8. Increase in unauthorised use of water outside the command

Since the reduction in irrigation potential could possibly be quite substantial, it is imperative

that there should be periodic Revision of Irrigation Potential (RIP) of all irrigation projects followed by

de-notification (deletion) of corresponding command area. Such revision, if done in realistic manner,

would help as follows:




1. Various laws made applicable to the so called command area would cease to be applicable as

that land would not remain as command area itself. Farmers would be free from various

restrictions on their land transactions.

2. Length of canals & DISNET can be curtailed & thereby, expenditure `shown’ for the M & R of the

‘redundant’ portions can be substantially reduced, management staff can be redeployed

elsewhere & most importantly, water can also be reallocated.

3. Statistics regarding Potential Created & Utilised would become more realistic.

4. Chances of better management of compact command areas would increase.

There is a tendency, however, to somehow show that command area need not be curtailed if

cropping pattern is “diluted” (increasing percentage of less water requiring crops in the cropping

pattern) & modern irrigation methods are used. But such `paper exercises’ seldom come true.

Moreover, the `dilution’ argument does not hold well where the land has physically gone out of

cultivation due to non-agriculture activity. SIT (Chitale Committee) has recommended RIP & govt too has

accepted it in principle in the Action Taken Report. It is, therefore, recommended that an exercise of RIP

may be made mandatory & carried out before every revision of Integrated State Water Plan.

11.1.8. Eight Monthly Irrigation:

Govt of Maharashtra officially adopted policy of Eight Monthly Irrigation (EMI) in 1987 to

implement the principle of equitable distribution of water vide GR Dt 12 Feb 1987. EMI Policy envisages

following:

1. EMI would be implemented henceforth in all major, medium & minor projects in water scarce

areas

2. Canal water will be given mainly to seasonal crops from July to Feb

3. If water is available in major projects, canal water would be given to crops like Sugarcane from

July to Feb. Thereafter, in hot weather season, farmers may give well irrigation to such perennial

crops.

4. After irrigating Rabi seasonal crops, water, if available, may be given to seasonal crops like HW

Ground Nut & fodder crop in HW season. Water shall not be given to Sugarcane in HW season.

5. SIT Report, however, reveals that while according Administrative Approval (AA) or Revised AA

too many projects, even after 1987, perennial crops have been included in the cropping pattern

of the so called EMI projects.

In view of perpetual shortage of water & recurring droughts, it is recommended that EMI Policy

shall be scrupulously implemented forthwith in all irrigation projects sanctioned after 1987 in deficit &

highly deficit river sub basins irrespective of the fact whether perennial crops have been included in

their cropping pattern or not at the time of either AA or RAA. List of all EMI projects sanctioned after

1987 may be prepared in a format given in Annex – 10. It has been & it shall be illegal to make provision

for supply of water to perennial crops in Preliminary Irrigation Program of these projects. It is

recommended that MWRRA should ensure implementation of EMI Policy & take all necessary legal steps

accordingly with immediate effect.




An alternative approach advocating `a practical way out’ was also discussed in the committee. It

suggests following solution.

Permission to set up any new sugar factory should not be given here after as a policy by the

GoM.

Measure all existing area under sugar cane associated with irrigation projects by third party

and/or by satellite imageries to restrict it to that level here after.

Make micro –irrigation mandatory for Sugarcane & utilize all the water so saved to irrigate

seasonal crops in the tail reaches of the command area.

The alternative approach maintains status quo & regularises the wrong done so far. It would be seen as

a weakness of the State & would not freeze the area under Sugarcane.

11.1.9. Projectwise Management Improvement Plan:

It is said that “Follow the Process & Results will follow”. Very good water management

processes have been evolved in WRD over the last century. Those are available in the form of policies &

laws, agreements & manuals, govt resolutions & circulars, publications of WALMI, DIRD, CDO, MERI,

MWRDC, etc and of course, in the reports of committees & commissions. It is high time to bring this

wealth of knowledge together & actually use it to improve day to day water management.

11.1.10. Conclusions:

(1) Present level of performance of irrigation projects is due to the fact that their Main System is

upstream controlled, manually operated, mostly open channel systems without any arrangement for

operation of Head Regulators & Cross Regulators based on Real Time data.

(2) Unless the Main System is modernised & its characteristics are changed, there would not be any

significant improvement in the performance of irrigation projects.

(3) Lack of Maintenance & Repairs, Revision of Irrigation Potential & non –implementation of Eight

Monthly Irrigation are the major constraints of irrigation projects

11.1.11. Recommendations:

(1) A pilot project based on concepts of Downstream Control may be taken up

(2) Provide motorised HR & CR gates and protect, maintain & operate them by respectively

implementing Water Laws, creating Special Gates M & R Mobile Units & appointing trained system

operators

(3) Gradually replace conventional HR gates by Distributors & conventional CR gates in main canal by

automatic gates & that in distributaries by Duckbill or Diagonal weirs

(5) Introduce Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) on main canals of major projects to

start with.

(6) Provide measuring devices on large scale & do flow measurement as per WALMI Publication No. 36,

MWRRA’s Technical Manual for Water Entitlement, MMISF Act, 2005 & Rules, 2006 and MWRRA Act,

2005




Gradually switch over to indirect measurement of water. Requirement of measuring devices

can be reduced if conventional HR gates are replaced by Distributors. These structures release known &

constant discharge. Volume can be obtained only by measuring the time for which that discharge is

given.

(8) Industrial production of HR & CR gates, duckbill weirs, measuring devices & water meters and

provision, installation, maintenance, repairs, calibration, automatic data collection, etc may be seen as a

huge business opportunity through “Make in India” & “Start up companies”

(9) Roadmap of Volumetric Supply may be implemented

(10) Piped Distribution Network coupled with micro-irrigation based on new concepts may be

introduced

(11) Systematic Plan for Regular Maintenance & Repairs may be adopted

(12) Componentwise different norms of M & R may be fixed giving due thought to the age & location

specificity of projects.

(13) There should be fixed schedule for releasing M & R funds

(14) Computerised system of accounting of M&R expenditure may be introduced

(15) Data base of component-wise M & R expenditure may be developed.

(16) Revision Irrigation Potential may be made mandatory & carried out before every revision of

Integrated State Water Plan.

(17) MWRRA should ensure implementation of Eight Monthly Irrigation Policy & take all necessary legal

steps accordingly with immediate effect.

(18) A pilot project may be taken up to demonstrate virtues of Projectwise Management Improvement

Plan.




11.1.12. Annexures

11.1.12.1. Annex - 1: Observations & Recommendations of Kelkar Committee, Oct 2013

Observations:

Distribution system in the command area is incomplete & inadequate

Many of the expected delivery points & destinations failed to receive water because of deficiencies in the

distribution

Due to lack of funds for Maintenance & Repair works of canal distribution channels & sub-channels are not

undertaken

Measurement of crop area & crop patterns are inconsistently made

One of the important objectives of irrigation development should be to make farming possible at least over 8

months period.

The minimal needs of beneficiaries are as follows:

DISNET that takes water from dam right up to the farm

DISNET must deliver water in optimal required quantity with a reliable timely schedule of delivery

The administrative machinery for the management of irrigation projects must improve its water distribution

efficiency & should keenly adhere to the principle of delivery of water on volumetric basis for irrigation as

well as non-irrigation purposes.

Recommendations:1

(Refer: Para 6, Summary, Major Findings & the Recommendations, pages 6 to 16)

57. The New Command Area Development Authority (N – CADA) having inter-disciplinary approach, structure

& manpower to achieve socio-economic development of command area be created. The function of water

control, release, utilization, crop planning & water use efficiency & maintenance of canals should be

transferred to N-CADA

85. The “Irrigated Land” should be defined as one which receives assured water supply for at least 8 months

in an year

107. For all the regions where per hectare water availability is less than 3000 cu.m. the cropping pattern

should be seriously reconsidered. There should be a ceiling or upper bound on the quantum of area for all

the crops (including Sugarcane) which require high quantity of water.

109. All the irrigation projects should have concept of command area development. Accordingly, CADA

should be appropriately modified & revitalised. Such New – CADA should be multi – disciplinary in nature

including Agriculture Engineers, Agriculture Economists, Agriculture extension Officers. Management &

delivery of water on volumetric basis should be handed over to New – CADA

110. Plans for Integrated comprehensive development of water basin should be completed incoming 5 years

on urgent basis & MWRRA should prescribe equitable distribution of water for different uses in such

comprehensive design.

111. The present administrative machinery should keenly adhere to the principle of delivery of water on

volumetric basis for irrigation as well as non-irrigation purposes & improve the efficiency in water use

1 All these recommendations have been accepted by WRD, GOM vide its letter No.PLN-2015/(19/15) Nivasam-1 dt

25 Mar 2015)




11.1.12.2. Annex -2: Systemic Faults regarding O & M as identified by Chitale Committee

(Reference: Statement 9.1 of the SIT Report, March 2014)

2. Handing over of management to WUAs is very slow

3. Handing over from construction wing to management is very slow

4. Eleven Thousand posts are vacant in management wing of WRD.

(On an average, One Lakh ha irrigation potential is supposed to be created every year. And, therefore,

33 new irrigation sections need to be opened every year as per Kapoor Committee Report. However,

this has not happened)

7. There is inordinate delay in compiling information about Crop Area Measurement.

Provisional information published in State Economic Survey Report leads to conclusions inconsistent

with ground reality

8. Irrigation potential is declared to be created without completing DISNET

9. Canal Advisory Committees are not functional

13 Command areas of weirs / storage tanks are only estimated ones / presumed ones & at some places

they overlap the command area of existing projects

16. Project completion reports are not prepared.

28. Projects are sanctioned even in absence of Master Plans

32. Lift Irrigation Schemes are sanctioned without considering their socio-economic aspects

33 There are no guidelines regarding how to form a WUA on storage tanks. Works are done without

having a strategy regarding use of water.

35 Lift Irrigation Schemes have been sanctioned on a very large scale. Though drip irrigation is

mandatory for cultivating Sugarcane on such schemes, flow irrigation only is practiced. LIS are virtually

unregulated.

41. Ambiguity & inconsistency prevail because Irrigation Development Corporations don’t have Rules.

Action Taken Report, WRD, GoM June 2014 is silent about systemic faults.




11.1.12.3. Annex -3: Improvements regarding O & M suggested by Chitale Committee (SIT)

(Reference: Statement 9.2 of the SIT Report, March 2014)

1. Siltation Studies based on Remote Sensing technique may be carried out in major, medium & some

representative minor projects

2. Non-Irrigation water user utilities may be entrusted with the responsibility of 100% treatment of

water used for Non-irrigation purposes. This may be strictly implemented on first priority in deficit &

highly deficit river basins

3 Water tariff on wells in the command area may be waved off only in the case of WUAs

5 Method of Crop Area Measurement using Remote Sensing may be introduced on major projects & lift

irrigation schemes where percentage of perennial crops is large. If necessary, suitable amendments may

be made in Irrigation Act for the same.

6. Special attention needs to be given on compilation of Crop Area by Revenue & Agriculture

departments

8 MERI, Nashik may carry out studies regarding “Reasons behind reduction in carrying capacities of

canals” & “Effectiveness of canal lining”

9 Irrigation potential may not be declared as created without ensuring completion of DISNET

11 “Other use” under Non-Irrigation needs to be looked into & specified to avoid unauthorised use of

water.

12 Method of compilation of Crop Areas for inclusion in the Report of State Economic Survey needs to

be improved

13 Irrigation Status Report (ISR) should give Irrigation Development Corporationwise, Major & Medium

projectwise information. In case of Minor Projects corporation-wise & districtwise abstracts may be

given. ISR may also give information regarding carry over.

20. Following processes may be expedited – handing over of project from construction wing to

management wing, constitution of WUAs, creation of irrigation-sections & provision of irrigation staff

25. WRD needs a manual on Lift Irrigation Schemes

34. Revision of Irrigation Potential needs to be done to account for diversion of water from irrigation to

non-irrigation.

39. Irrigation Development Corporations should have their own rules

42. Irrigation Modernisation Program is required to introduce modern techniques like drip, piped

distribution system, etc

Action Taken Report, WRD, GoM June 2014 has accepted all above improvements in principle.

Committee constituted to prepare details of implementation.




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11.1.12.5. Annex- 5: Characteristics of Main System & Measures for Rehabilitation &

Modernisation

Sr.

No.

Characteristics Measures for Rehabilitation & Modernisation

1 2 3

1 Open channel system:

Difficult to control & regulate.

Piped distribution network (PDN)

Design new projects with PDN

Explore possibility of PDN in ongoing projects

2 Upstream controlled system:

Works as per the logic of supply side

management.

Water level u/s of control element is

maintained

Changes in discharge initiated at u/s end

by system operators. PIM not provided for

in the design.

Downstream control:

Works as per the logic of demand side

management.

Water level d/s of control element is maintained

Changes in discharge initiated at d/s end by users.

Hence, PIM is inbuilt.

3 Original design:

For flow irrigation only

But has to cater the needs of lift irrigation

& non-irrigation.

Conflicting objectives make water

management difficult.

Control lift irrigation & non irrigation:

Provide separate dedicated electricity line for LI &

NI

Implement Water Laws & Agreements *

4 HR & CR Gates:

Either out of order or missing.

Tampering & vandalism – major problem

Cumbersome to operate.

Manual operation limits flexibility of canal

operation.

Prepare & implement System Maintenance Plan

Implement Water Laws **

Replace conventional HR gates by Distributors *

Replace conventional CR gates in main canal by

automatic gates & that in distributaries by Duckbill




Sr.

No.

Characteristics Measures for Rehabilitation & Modernisation

1 2 3

In absence of real time data of water level

& discharge, gate operation becomes ad-

hoc.

No water level & discharge control.

or Diagonal weirs *

Introduce SCADA* on main canals of major projects

5 Measuring devices:

Canals

Not provided / constructed at the head of

all canals & DISNET.

Wrong design, improper location,

defective construction & poor M &R of

measuring devices,

No reliable record of measurements

Pipelines:

Not insisted for as per the Agreements

with utilities

No plans for provision, installation,

maintenance, repairs & calibration of

water meters in adequate numbers

Do flow measurement as per

WALMI publication No. 36

MWRRA’s Technical Manual for Water Entitlement

MMISF Act, 2005 & Rules, 2006

MWRRA Act, 2005

Switch over to indirect measurement of water:*

Requirement of measuring devices can be reduced

if conventional HR gates are replaced by

Distributors. These structures release known &

constant discharge. Volume can be obtained only by

measuring the time for which that discharge is

given.

Industrial production of HR & CR gates, duckbill

weirs, measuring devices & water meters and

provision, installation, maintenance, repairs,

calibration, automatic data collection, etc could be

a huge Business opportunity

*There are ample provisions in MIA76, MMISF Act & MWRRA Act in respect of WMGR.




11.1.12.6. Annex – 6: Requirement of Control Structures & Measuring Devices

Head

Regulator

(HR) Gates

Total

reqd.

Available Functional Repairable Newly required

Conventional Distributors

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Main Canal

Branch Canal

Distributaries

Minors

Cross

Regulator (CR

) Gates

Total

required


Conv. DBW DW

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Main Canal

Branch Canal

Distributaries

Minors

Conv. – Conventional, DBW – Duckbill Weirs, DW – Diagonal Weirs

Standing Wave

Flumes (SWF)

Total required Available Functional Repairable Newly required

1 2 3 4 5 6

Main Canal

Branch Canal

Distributaries

Cut Throat Flumes

(CTF)

Minors




Water Meters Total

required


Lift Irrigation

Domestic Water

Supply

Industrial Water

Supply




11.1.12.7. Annex - 7: Roadmap for Volumetric Supply (VS)

Volumetric Supply demands

Reasonably well maintained & operated system with conveyance losses & filling time within permissible

limits

Functional gates of HR & CR with Q-tables to control & regulate water levels & discharge

Functional, accurate & calibrated Measuring Devices (MD)

Trained canal operators in adequate numbers for O & M of gates &MDs & of course, to keep reliable

records of flow measurement

Special Gates & MD Repairs Mobile Units for prompt & adequate M & R

Let us do obvious things first

Design new projects for VS. Change scope of ongoing projects for VS

Prepare standard specifications. Identify agencies. Add items in DSR.

New technology for Discharge Control

Self Regulating Outlets (30 lps)

Distributors as HR of Minor & Dy.

Provide constant & known discharge,

Separate MD not required

New technology for Water Level Control

Diagonal & Duckbill weirs

Maintain water level

Provide constant discharge to off taking channels

having SROs & Distributors.

No need for cross bunding by farmers

No need to provide MD.

VS in existing projects

Take an exhaustive review of

gates & MDs based on Tables 1

to 4

Quantify the problem to

facilitate cost & time estimates.

Fix priorities & Gradual

switchover to VS

M & R can cover

Repairable gates &MDs(Routine

Maintenance or Special Repairs)

New gates & MDs (Extension &

Improvement)

Evaluation & design

Evaluation of existing gates

&MDs and improvements in

them or design of new ones can

be done by WRD ENGINEERS.

They are very well qualified &

even trained by WALMI already.




Industrial Production

CTF, SRO & Distributors can be manufactured by local small / medium industrialists after some training.

It’s a very big business opportunity for our entrepreneurs. They can also take up Annual Maintenance

Contracts & calibration work.

Gates Directorate / workshop have experience of developing radial gates.

Agreements with international companies can also be done for transfer of technology.

11.1.12.8. Annex - 8: Maintenance of Irrigation Projects at a glance

Why maintenance problems?

Design deficiencies, defective & incomplete construction, inordinate delays in handing over of projects

from construction to management, operational defects, bad maintenance practices, plant & biological

growth, animal & human interference

Basic concepts:

Give emphasis on regular M & R & not on rehabilitation

Document maintenance needs to improve financial management and accountability.

Develop detailed physical knowledge about what is occurring within the system.

Increase sensitivity about operating the system to meet the needs of farmers.

Document the needs and costs for irrigation system improvements.

Administrative / management problems Maintenance strategies

No or low budget & or Delayed L.O.C.

Delayed / deferred decisions

Unexpected transfers, unexpected diversion of

funds/machinery

Lack of tech./managerial/legal guidance

Non-availability of machinery in time Absence of

separate gate repairs unit Difficulties in

engaging specialized agencies at remote places

and in emergencies

Refusal to accept the existence of problem,

analyze the problem & go to basics

Project specific: major/medium/minor

old/new/rehabilitated

Component specific: dam/canal/Dy. System, -min.

compulsory M&R, (%) Grants/component,

reachwise consideration,

Time-specific : periodicity, before/after rainy

season / month, during closure / flow period,

during good / bad years,

Agency-specific : daily wage laborers, Rate list,

CRT, A1 tender, Society

Result specific : Increase in Irrigation, Efficiency,

Participation




Diagnose common project-specific maintenance

problems

Study indications, Identify probable causes &

possible remedies, Decide range of intervention,

Quantify the problem, Fix priorities

Follow Technical Circular scrupulously

No. MISC 2002 (202 / 2002) IM (W) dt 22.7.2003

Prepare Systematic Plan for Regular Maintenance & Repairs (Format – 1) to stagger the work over the

year to make better use of available time, man power & funds

11.1.12.9. Format – 1: Systematic Plan for Regular Maintenance & Repairs

[To stagger the work over the year to make better use of time, man power & funds]

Item1 When

to do2

Available Period3 Periodicity4 Norm5 Priority6 To be done by & method7

1 List out all M & R Items in proper sequence

2 Decide when to do each item. [Before or after rainy season, during closure / flow period, etc]

3 Work out how much time would be available to complete each item. Specify dates / months, etc

4 Decide whether the item is required to be done every season or once in a year or once in 2/3 years,

etc

5 Output per unit, Time or labour per unit, Reach of canal per year, etc

6 First / second, etc depending upon importance & urgency

7 Daily wage laborers, Rate list, CRT, A1 tender, WUA, Society depending upon whether the work is

continuous or intermittent, whether it can be to any agency, etc.




11.1.12.10. Annex – 9: Gist of the Report of Study on Revision of Maintenance & Repairs

Norms for Irrigation Projects in Maharashtra, WALMI, Aurangabad (M.S.),

India , July 2008

Proposed Norms for M & R

Basic Norms

Component Norm Remarks

Head works Rs. 11,000 per Mm3

of Design Live

Storage

Irrespective of good or bad year

Provision for M & R of gates shall be additional as suggested by

Chief Engineer, Mechanical, Nashik

Canals: (a) Rs. 380/ha of actual

irrigated area

Actual irrigated area as per average of previous 3 years.

Perennials, Other Perennials and Two Seasonals counted once.

Canals (b) Rs. 190/ha of

balance area

Balance Area = CCA – Actual area irrigated

Canal (c) Main/Br.: 40%

Dy : 25%

Minors: 35%

Total amount worked out as per Canal (a) & (b) above may

further be allocated component wise as per given percentage

K. T. Weirs:

Rs. 2300 / sq.m*.

Rs.1450/ sq.m *

* of gated area for K. T. Weirs with reservoir backup

* of gated area for K.T. Weirs without reservoir backup

Govt. LIS:

As per actual

As per canals

Electricity charges & maintenance of pump house & rising main

For canals of LIS

Storage Tanks:

Rs. 11,000 per Mm3

of Design Live

Storage

As per Head works

Adjustment for specific conditions (i.e. increase over & above basic norms, if and as applicable)




Age of the Project

Age (Yr) Add for Head works & Main / Br. Canals

35 to 70 7.5%

Above 70 15%

N.B. If any modernization or rehabilitation of the concerned component has been carried out within last

35 years, then the additional provision indicated above shall not be admissible.

Black Cotton Soils

Applicable if dominant soil type in the command of the project is B.C. Soils. Dominant means percentage

greater than 50%

Project Add in respect Add to Basic Norms worked out for canals

Major Minors only To the extent of percentage of command area of the project

covered by B.C. soil as per Soil Survey.

Medium Dy & Minor 100%

Minor Main /Br. Canal, Dy &

Minors

100%

Project situated in hilly areas / high rainfall zone (Average rainfall > 2000 mm / year)

Add 100% to the amount worked out for Head Works. [Not applicable if dam is fully masonry/ concrete

dam]

Add 100% to the amount worked out for Main/Branch Canals, Dy & Minors.

Recommendations

The entire funds admissible as per the Norms should be released at the beginning of the year to

enable the field officers to start timely repairs as per the schedule of maintenance and repairs based on

schedule of operation of the canals. This will reduce the extra costs involved in deferred maintenance.

The release of funds for M&R should be considered as a fixed liability and therefore an

appropriate method of releasing of funds may be made applicable.

If, releasing the entire amount of funds at the beginning of the year is not possible, the releases

should be made in three instalments as below and each instalment released at the beginning of the

period.




Period Instalments On or before

1st April to 30th June 40% 1st April

1st July to 31st October 20% 1st July

1st November to 31st March 40% 1ST November

In case, if it is not possible to release the funds for as per said instalment on due dates due to

unavoidable circumstances and large funds are required to be released at the fag end of the year, the

project officers may be allowed to deposit the same in the banks. The withdrawals could be permitted

after completing the formalities of regular tendering process and planning of the works as per the

priorities. The field officers should in that case furnish the utilization certificates by 1st week of July, so

that the unspent amount would not remain un-utilized for a long period.

Computerized system of accounting the Expenditure of the M&R funds should be adopted. The

expenditure should be classified at least in the main sub components as shown below:

Dam: Main/Branch Canals & DISNET

(a) Masonry Dam

(b) Earthen Dam

(c) Spillway

(d) Gates (including Hoists, Electrical,

Mechanical Installations, Gantry, Stop

logs, Motors, Generators) and

(e) Other works like cause way,

colonies, office buildings etc.

(a) Earth work in banks

(b) Lining

(c) Service roads/inspection paths &

Road bridges

(d) Water Regulatory Structures like

Head/Cross Regulators and Escapes

(e) Cross Drainage works

(f) Measuring devices

(g) Removal of shrubs, trees and other

Obstructions.

There should be some inter locking arrangement to ensure that the classified accounts are

maintained. For this purpose, it is recommended that, the bills shall not be cleared for payment, unless

the entries are made in the classified Account Books.




11.1.12.11. Annex – 10: Eight Monthly irrigation projects

This information is not relevant to WFRB.

11.1.12.12. Annex – 11: Projectwise Management Improvement Plan (PMIP)

Action Details Reference

Initiate Revision of Irrigation Potential

Implementation of Eight Monthly Irrigation Scheme

Para 7.0

Para 8.0

Modernise Get ready for Volumetric Supply; provide control

structures & measuring devices

Implement Systematic Maintenance Plan

Annex – 5, 6, 7

Annex - 8

Provide Adequate number of irrigation offices with

appropriate staffing pattern

Report of Kapoor Commission

Chapter -27,

Institutional & Legal

Arrangements

Notify Irrigation offices, Appointments of Canal Officers

Rivers, Command Areas, LI schemes,

Allot Duties to Canal Officers with appropriate powers

Execute Agreements with WUAs, LI schemes, Utilities taking

water for non-irrigation purposes

Revise Tank Charts, Capacity Tables,

Discharge tables of HRs, CRs & Measuring Devices

Assumptions regarding evaporation, post monsoon

flows, conveyance losses

Para 9 & WALMI Pub. No. 20 [O

& M of Irrigation Systems in MS]

WALMI Pub. No. 36 [Flow

measurement]

Guidelines regarding Water

Audit & Benchmarking

Review Reservations for industrial water supply considering

industry-catagorywise requirements of `process’ &

`make up’ water

Reservations for domestic water supply considering

`local surface & ground water’, Rain Water

Harvesting and Recycle & Reuse of Water

Annex – 12

Para 5.0, Criteria for Industrial

Use, Page 5, Criteria for

Distribution of Entitlements by

RBAs for Domestic & Industrial

Uses. MWRRA, Nov 2012.




Action Details Reference

Honour Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) regarding

Preliminary Irrigation Program [PIP]

Canal Schedules

Water Accounting

GR on PIP dt 07.03.2001

WALMI Pub. No. 22 [Water

Distribution Practices in MS]

Form 126 e

Ensure Regular publication of Water Auditing,

Benchmarking & Irrigation Status Reports

Sec 11 (v), MWRRA Act, 2005

Save Switch over to piped distribution supply in respect

of major Non-irrigation schemes on canals & rivers.

Insist for construction of En route storages of

adequate capacity by the utilities which cannot

avoid canal / river as their source of water.

Don’t release water in canal or rivers exclusively for

non-irrigation

Go for Dedicated & Secondary storages

Have separate electricity lines for LI schemes on

reservoirs, canals & rivers

Agreements with utilities taking

water for Non-Irrigation

purposes

Notes:

Tank Charts depict data of filling & emptying of tanks. Useful for planning & monitoring

Capacity Tables show lake contents with respect to water level in the reservoir

Discharge Tables for HR, CR & Measuring Devices are required for determining discharge from a reading

on a gauge

Reservations for Non-Irrigation need to be based on `Process Water’ of industry. Water required for

completing the process of production is called as Process Water. It varies from industry to industry.

Requirement of Process Water can be reduced if the industry improves its technology. If it adopts, say,

technology that allows indefinite recycling & reuse of water, then it may require only `make up’ water to

take care of inevitable losses.

Assumptions regarding evaporation, post monsoon flow & conveyance losses need to be based on actual

measurement & realistic. In order to avoid over estimation of evaporation, coefficients, namely, `mesh to




open pan’ & `pan to reservoir’ need to be used. Assumptions regarding post monsoon flow should

account for effects of large number of watershed works in the catchment area.

Preliminary Irrigation Program means water budgeting before commencement of irrigation season.

Canal scheduling is a program which shows details like number, duration & interval of rotations, and

sequence by which off takes will get water

Water Auditing means third party checking of water accounts kept by Canal Officers with reference to

certain indicators. Original form (No, 126 e) needs to be reintroduced as it is a better tool of water

accounting.

Benchmarking means keeping track of progress of a project & comparison of project performance with

that of similar projects with respect to certain indicators

Irrigation Status Report means a report which gives details such as water available, water use for

different purposes, conveyance efficiencies, assessment & recovery of water charges, expenditure on M

& R, etc

En route storage: Construction of storage tanks of adequate capacity by the utilities which cannot avoid

canal / river as their source of water. The capacity of the tanks should be such that a release of water

either in canal or rivers exclusively for non-irrigation will not be required.

Dedicated storage means reservoir exclusively for non – irrigation purposes.

Secondary storage: Water required for non-irrigation purposes in hot weather season for a big city can

be brought from a major project at the end of Rabi season & stored it in a minor / medium project (i.e. in

secondary storage) near the city. Spread area of submergence being less & depth of water being more,

evaporation would be significantly less







1 CRITERIA FOR DOMESTIC WATER USE :

1.1. The applicable per capita norms for entitlemen t to DBWU shall be as under.

Table No 1

Sr. Category

Norm

No. (lpcd)

(1) (2) (3)

1 Rural Water Supply Schemes 55

2 Peri-urban Area 70*

3 Municipal Councils 3a) C - Class 70* 3b) B - Class 100* 3c) A – Class 125*

4 Municipal corporations (having 135*

population less than 50 lakh)

5 Metropolitan centers (having population 150* equal to or more than 50 lakh)

Note 1: Urban population (in Category 2 to 5) where water is provided with public stand post, norm shall

be restricted to 55 lpcd for such population clusters and in areas where water is provided with piped

water supply but without sewage system, norm shall be restricted to 70 lpcd.

Note 2: Norms mentioned in column No. 3 are maximum water supplylevels. DBWUs at Sr. No. 2 to 5

shall strive to reduce their demand of freshwater by conjunctive use of water that can be made available

by rainwater harvesting and recycling.

Note 3: Norms are exclusive of UFW. Entitlements for the first year shallinclude UFW limited to 15 % over

and above the quantity arrived with prescribed norms. This limit of UFW shall be reduced by 1 percent

per year during subsequent years of the control period (2nd& 3rd).

Note 4: Norms are inclusive of commercial, institutional and minorindustry requirements. However, for

billing RBAs shall charge DBWU separately for such portion of water supply with applicable rates.










11.2. Management of Water Resources: Other important uses

11.2.1. Introduction

In the previous section i.e. Management of Water for Irrigation (15.1), we have exhaustively

looked at the statutory provisions, the policy intentions and the shortcomings in the actual practices.

Similarly, in Chapter 10 we have reviewed the level of development achieved, and what still remains to

be done. Shortcomings and gaps have been identified; directions and solutions for the future have been

recommended. In this sub-section we will elaborate on the ways and means of completing the tasks and

targets set for the next thirteen years i.e. 2030, and the mechanisms and measures needed for the

management and implementation of the targets. To recapitulate we may state that the earlier chapter

on water resources development has given us a brief idea of amount of water used by the year 2016 and

to be used upto 2030.

11.2.2. Management of Drinking / Domestic Water Supply:

While integrating the recent studies of 28 Basins, the urban water demand for the year 2011 is

about 620.59 Mm3 which is expected to increase to about 636.50 Mm3 by the year 2030 as per the MJP

estimates based on the 140 lpcd norm(i.e. by about 2.56%). Similarly, the water demand for rural areas

will increase from 249.78 Mm3 to 573.65 Mm3 by the year 2030, (i.e. by about 129.66 %).The total

domestic water demand for the year 2011 is 870.37 Mm3 and for the year 2030 it is expected to

increase to about 1210.15 Mm3 (i.e. by about 39.04 %). In WRFB, schemes are under planning to bridge

this gap successfully.

The current policy of water allocation declared by the Government of Maharashtra allows 15%

of storages to be used for drinking and domestic purpose and 10% for industrial use. Thus, although the

absolute availability is not a problem, investments for purifying, and creating a distribution system with

en-route storages, and then creating drainage and disposal system for the waste water will be the

fundamental problem.

This chapter describes the issues related to water supply management in the basin, and the

conjunctive use of surface and groundwater for increasing water use efficiency for various important

uses, other than irrigation. The section begins with management of water for Drinking and Domestic

purposes for the urban and rural population, and followed by water for industries, water for

environment and resilience to climate change.

The Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation has the following objectives especially for

rural areas:

1. Ensure that all households have access to and use of safe drinking water and sanitation facilities.

2. Ensure that communities monitor and keep surveillance on their drinking water sources;

3. Ensure that all government schools and anganwadis have functional toilets, urinals and access to

safe drinking water;

4. Provide an enabling environment and support to Panchayat Raj Institutions and local

communities to manage their own drinking water sources and sanitation in their villages;

5. Provide access to information through online reporting mechanism with information placed in

public domain to bring in transparency and informed decision making;




In order to achieve these objectives, the Department of Water Supply and Sanitation (GoM) has

set up a Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance Program, where in Maharashtra has developed a

protocol for water quality testing under the National Rural Drinking Water Quality Monitoring and

Surveillance Program (NRDWQMSP) which is currently merged with the National Rural Drinking Water

Program of the MDWS (GoM GR1, 2011). Accordingly, all three concerned departments of water and

health such as Rural Development, Public health and Water Supply & Sanitation are involved in this

program.

Under the National Rural Drinking Water Program (NRDWP) the issue of Water Quality

Monitoring & Surveillance has been given due emphasis and the broad elements are as follows:

� All drinking water sources should be tested at least twice a year for bacteriological

contamination and once a year for chemical contamination.

� Under NRDWP, States may establish Water Testing Laboratories at the Sub- Division level with a

provision of testing few selected chemical parameters (need based) and biological parameters.

Under National Health Mission (NRHM) there is a provision of testing water quality (biological

parameters) at the Primary Health Centers. Such facilities, along with any other labs like

college/school labs, in the area, may be used for the program.

� The existing Field Testing Kits (FTK) may continue to be used for primary detection of chemical

and biological contamination of all the drinking water sources in the villages. Fund provided for

procurement of FTKs under National Rural Water Quality Monitoring & Surveillance Program

launched in February 2005 should be fully utilized.

� The services of five GP level persons who have been trained under National Rural Drinking

Water Quality Monitoring & Surveillance program since February 2006 i.e. ASHA, Anganwadi

Workers, School Teachers, GP members, Social Workers etc. will continue to be utilized for the

surveillance program.

11.2.3. National Rural Drinking Water Program (NRDWP)

The revised ‘National Rural Drinking Water Program (NRDWP) Guidelines 2009-2012’ issued by

Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission, Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation has shifted

the focus from source development and installation, to focus on the development of village security

plans. Basically, it envisages provision of drinking water as a part of the overall water resources

management and safety plan.

Unlike various schemes for rural water supply, a program launched by Government of India for

the development of urban water supply is Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation

(AMRUT), June 2015.

The total outlay for AMRUT is Rs. 50,000 crore for five years from FY 2015-16 to FY 2019-20 and

the Mission will be operated as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme. Some of the important mission

components are as follows:

Water Supply

Water supply systems including augmentation of existing water supply, water treatment plants

and universal metering.




Rehabilitation of old water supply systems, including treatment plants.

Rejuvenation of water bodies specifically for drinking water supply and recharging of ground

water.

Special water supply arrangement for difficult areas, hill and coastal cities, including those

having water quality problems (e.g. arsenic, fluoride)

Sewerage

Decentralized, networked underground sewerage systems, including augmentation of existing

sewerage systems and sewage treatment plants

Rehabilitation of old sewerage system and treatment plants. iii. Recycling of water for beneficial

purposes and reuse of wastewater.

Septic sludge

Fecal Sludge Management: cleaning, transportation and treatment in a cost-effective manner.

Mechanical and biological cleaning of sewers/septic tanks and recovery of full operational cost.

Storm Water Drainage

Construction and improvement of drains and storm water drains in order to reduce and

eliminate flooding.

11.2.4. Problems / gaps in services provided (domestic water supply):

Coverage: As per available data 732127 direct connections are provided for water supply. Norm

for urban water supply (Class I cities) was 135 lpcd and actual supply was 100 lpcd (Service gap of 35

lpcd). Water supply to urban areas is highly unreliable. While the standard expected is 24 hours a day.

The current average works out to be approximately 3 to 4 hours a day. This unacceptably low level of

supply is due to the fact that, in many cities water is supplied once in two to three days or even less

frequently during summer months.

While designing urban water supply schemes, local sources like surface streams, wells,

groundwater aquifers and the traditional/existing storage and supply infrastructure has not been taken

into account. Consequently, the new schemes have relied entirely on new surface water storages (dams)

as sources for urban water supply. The dams built recently have been primarily designed for irrigation

purposes, but as the demand for cities rises, water originally meant for irrigation has often been

diverted for drinking purposes.

Therefore, while designing new water supply / sanitation systems the optimal and conjunctive

use of local surface / groundwater sources must first be taken into consideration, before deciding on the

volume to be imported from surface storages. The annual cost of the operation and maintenance is

recovered from water charges. System losses i.e. Storage, transmission and distribution losses, and

thefts and unaccounted uses of water are unreasonably high (Non Revenue Water - NRW). In most cities

and towns, they range between 30-40% of the total water supplied.




Further an absence of policy and infrastructure for supply to urban poor in slum areas results in

heavy water losses through illegal connections and stand posts.

The water charges are collected by local authorities based on property valuation, flat rate

calculation or on a lump-sum basis along with the property taxes. This leads to an under valuation of

water and very low financial recovery.

Majority of villages have an open gutter system for collection and disposal of the waste water.

Since waste water disposal is carried out without treatment, it leads to unhygienic conditions and the

spread of water borne diseases.

The sewers are badly maintained: frequent blockages, siltation, missing manhole covers, gulley

pits. Improper disposal of solid waste also tends to block sewer lines. Sometimes, storm water enters

the sewerage network, leading to inflow in excess of the capacity of the system, and hence sewer lines

cannot function. Sewers do not take wastewater to treatment plants, and instead discharge untreated

wastes into surface water bodies

The environmental concerns posed by the urban water supply and sanitation are two-fold.

There is inadequate attention being paid to the protection of water sources, and there are hardly any

efforts made to move towards conjunctive management of water. This is also led to the pollution of

both surface and groundwater aquifers.

While water supply for urban areas is rising rapidly, the waste water generated is also increasing

proportionately (i.e. about 80% of the water supplied). Unfortunately, in Class I cities barely an average

of 32% of the waste water generated is being treated, while in Class II and Class III it is practically non-

existent.

Consequently, urban local bodies have been forced to take huge loans creating heavy interest

burdens. However, due to a very low efficiency in tax collection and simultaneously low service charges

the debt servicing capacity is very low.

(Source: Based on presentation on behalf of Water Resources Department, GoM, during ICRIER

workshop 17th June 2013 and 30- sub-basin plans of West Flowing River Basin)

11.2.5. Suggestions and action plan:

It is recommended that:

1. 100% metering for all water connections in distribution system should be enforced at the

earliest. Similarly, water meters should be installed for measuring quantity abstracted from the

source, then at outlet points of water treatment plant and at outlet points of service reservoir.

Further, as per the State Policy the supply of water from source (dam site) up to cities should be

through closed pipes. This conversion will lead to about 20% saving of water, before it is

abstracted by ULB’s for purification.

2. Water Audit should be carried out every year for calculating system losses of various kinds, e.g.

leakages, thefts, wastages due to breakages in pipes and taps, etc.

3. To achieve consumers’ satisfaction by introducing 24x7 supply system and thereby to reduce

water consumption and water losses in the system and to have equitable supply to all the

consumers.




4. Proper independent septic-tank for urban areas with population <10,000 and Proper

independent sewerage system for population > 10,000 should be provided. To avoid water

borne diseases, open gutters should be replaced by closed / piped waste-water-disposal

systems.

5. Telescopic tariff: Water supply up to 100 lpcd should be charged at the rate of the marginal cost

of supplying water, subsequent 40 lpcd at 25% higher rate, and supply exceeding 140 lpcd

should be charged doubled the rate of marginal cost of supplying water.

6. Water Quality Monitoring should be carried out as per the norms and WQM & S program.

11.2.6. Legal Provisions:

The water supply scheme management has shifted to local bodies on implementation of the

reforms at the state level, which include,

Implementation of the Constitution (Seventy-Fourth) Amendment Act, 1992. (Article 253 W)

In addition to above, optional reforms at state level include,

Revision of bye-laws to streamline the approval process for construction of buildings,

development of sites etc, where provisions have been made making it mandatory for builder and

construction agencies to use groundwater wherever it is available.

Revision of bye-laws to make rain-water harvesting mandatory for all buildings which are

constructed in future, which include adoption of water conservation measures.

Bye-laws on reuse of reclaimed water.

11.2.7. Maharashtra Slum Areas (Improvement, Clearance and Redevelopment) Policy.

In slum area/ poor locality, following policy needs to be adopted to ensure supply of safe

drinking water to the poor persons and to socially backward communities.

Group connection to the slum dwellers preferably with metered supply (if possible) or by

entrusting the responsibility to a leader from the users.

Rehabilitation of tertiary network if supply to slum area is not adequate or not with required

pressure.

Removal of all stand-posts (if feasible and possible) and granting group connections or individual

connections to all the users from the town/ village, irrespective of whether they are from normal

localities or from slums.

11.2.8. Case Studies:

11.2.8.1. STEM

STEM is a Rs. 100 Crores equity share private Ltd. Company incorporated in December 2010 in

the water purification and distribution infrastructure Industry, STEM is a step forward to become the




first drinking water distribution company of its kind in India. It is owned by Municipal Corporation of

Thane, Mira Bhayander, Bhiwandi and Thane ZillaParishad. The object of the company is to process 300

million liters of water from Ulhas River and provide global quality drinking water in bulk of population

through its own large size water pipelines.

It provides 117 MLD to Thane Municipal Corporation, 86 MLD to Mira Bhayander Municipal

Corporation, 70 MLD Bhiwandi Nijampur Municipal Corporation and 12 MLD to rural areas (Total 285

MLD).

11.2.8.2. Rain Water Harvesting

There is scope for making the water available through rain water harvesting in urban centres

especially in cities like Thane, Mumbai. This region receives heavy average annual rainfall of 3000 to

3500 mm. Despite this heavy rainfall scarcity of water during the summer months is the common

phenomena of this region. This region comprises of sloppy terrain and with highly percolative lateritic

soil impounding less water. Hence an attempt should be made to harvest rainwater.

The research efforts at the All India Co-ordinated Research Project on water management,

Dapoli centre has developed one such techniques of rain water harvesting in small ponds known as

‘KonkanJalkund’. The stored water of 4000 lit in one KonkanJalkund can be used to irrigate 10

mango/cashew plants at 10 lit/week/tree from 15 November to 15 June, comprising of 30 weeks

through sub-surface irrigation.

KonkanJalKund is an underground tank that stores rain water with the help of polyethylene

sheet. It is also known as polyethylene lined tank. A tank of size 4x1x1 m or 2x2x1 m is excavated. After

lining the pit with rice-husk, a polyethylene sheet is laid on it to develop a proper shaped water storage

tank. The evaporation losses can be minimized by covering the tank with panels made from locally

available bamboo and rice-husk or dry grass.

11.2.8.3. Industrial Water Use:

Water requirement of the West flowing rivers basin is 418.778 Mm3 for MIDC and non MIDC

areas. Thane is the third most industrial district in Maharashtra. There are 1548 large and medium scale

and 18480 smaal scale industries in the district. The main products of these industries are drugs, textiles,

adhesives, plastics, rubber, steel, pharmaceuticals, engineering, fertilizers, electronics, chemicals, irons

& steels. In Raigad district Roha, Patalganga and additional Patalganga, Mahad, Additional Mahad,

Taloja, Nagothane are major industrial areas.

The problems faced in management of industrial water supply are as given below –

1. Water contamination is on the rise in city areas. Industries use a lot of drinking water, but do

not treat waste water proportionately.

2. Low-cost water treatment technology is not easily available.

3. The industrial water supply scheme is required to cater domestic water supply to nearby or en-

route areas in some cases. The management of the same with respect to supply, assessment

and recovery becomes difficult.




4. Considerable time is required to repair the meters installed for volumetric measurement

because most of the brands are imported and are electronic type.

5. The distribution and storage losses are very high

Suggested Plan

1) The system for detection of losses which includes leakages and un-authorized use should be installed.

2) Recycle and reuse of waste water should be made mandatory.

3) The supply should be metered.

4) Effluent Treatment Plants should be installed and maintained’

5) Water conservation at every level of production should be taken care of. Eg. Natural Sugar and Allied

Industries, Latur is the least water consuming sugar industry in the country.

6) At present industrial-effluents are being treated individually by separate units. Instead, the MIDC

should install a Central Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) and treated water should be reused.

11.2.8.4. Case Study:: Eco STPbased on Phyto-enzyme

The Phyto-enzyme based Eco Sewage Treatment Plant (Eco STP) concept is an effective way of

treating sewage and effluents without using electricity or chemicals. This technique is based on the

biological action of phyto-enzymes, root-zone (phyto-remediation), and bacterial activity.

Phyto-enzymes used in the Eco-STP act as a natural catalyst which helps in pH correction, odor

neutralization, treating pollutants, and creating a conducive environment for different biota. Phyto-

enzyme dosing depends on the type and concentration of pollutants in the sewage/ effluent, as well as

the volume of sewage/ effluent.

Since there is no need for mechanical aeration and throughout the STP the wastewater flows by

gravity, no electricity is needed. However, pumping may be necessary for delivering wastewater from

different areas of the industrial campus to the Eco STP. Typical capital expenditure for constructing the

Eco STP is approximately Rs. 40,000-50,000 per KL of wastewater treated for capacities up to 50 KLD. For

industrial campuses where adequate space is available, the Eco STP is a good option that adds aesthetic

value to the landscape, besides being eco-friendly and cost-effective.

(Reference: Eco-friendly sewage treatment technologies can give back much needed water and

nutrients to Indian agriculture, A.V. Paranjpye, 10th Feb 2016, Unpublished)

11.2.8.5. Solar Power:

Conjunctive use of solar and conventional power for increasing irrigation system efficiency:

Solar power does not require water as an input per say. However, in the West Flowing River

Basin basin we have a network of canals where on the lines of Gujarat State, it would be possible to

develop a Solar Power Grid, which would simultaneously act as a barrier / measure for reducing

evaporation losses and at the same time provides space for capturing solar energy. One of the

important constraints faced by the irrigation distribution system is the availability of energy for lifting,




pumping water from canals or from reservoirs, since thermal and diesel are expensive and unreliable

sources. Further, farmers have to often work at odd hours at night when electricity is made available

during the non-peak hours. Solar energy solves this problem since it is primarily available during day

time. The energy thus produced could be used for increasing the efficiency of the irrigation distribution

network. It would be beneficial to tie-up with companies like Sun-Edison (U.S) and other companies in

Australia, which has 5440 MW of installed Photovoltaic capacity. This power could be used for

transmission, recycling and reuses of water in remote areas or in water scarce areas, since they have a

comparative advantage in terms of number of sunny days. While solar power is still capital intensive in

nature it has superior long run viability due to low O and M and R cost and its amenability to be centrally

controlled through fully automated systems.

It is therefore strongly recommended that the WRD in coordination with MEDA conducts

detailed investigations for setting up pilot projects in the water scarce basins of West Flowing River

Basin. Note: The Charanka Solar Park at 214 MW the largest in the world was commissioned on April 19,

2012, along with a total of 605 MW in Gujarat, representing 2/3 of India's installed photovoltaic

capacity, for harvesting solar energy.

India's PPP Model for rooftop solar program:

Recently the State of Gujarat has tried a novel Public Private Partnership (PPP) concept for

providing boost to the rooftop solar program in order to achieve the targets set under the Jawaharlal

Nehru National Solar Mission. The Gujarat Government aims to set up 5 MW roof top solar projects in

the state capital city of Gandhinagar - promoted as the model solar city of India.

It is recommended that the PPP concept as used at Gandhinagar, be used as an example to be

replicated in cities within West Flowing River Basin Basin, especially Class II and Class III cities where

currently there is shortage and load-shedding.

The Scheme on Artificial Recharge of Groundwater through dug wells in hard rock areas in seven

states is facing problems due to the overexploitation of groundwater. Pursuant to the announcement

made by the Honorable Minister of Finance in his Budget Speech, 2007, a State Sector Scheme on

‘Artificial Recharge to Groundwater through dug wells’ during the Eleventh Plan is under

implementation in 1180 over-exploited, critical, and semi-critical blocks in the seven states namely,

Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, and Madhya Pradesh at an

estimated cost of Rs 1798.71 crores. The scheme aims to facilitate improvement in the groundwater

situation in the affected areas, increase the sustainability of wells during lean period, improve quality of

groundwater, and involve the community in water resource management in the affected areas.

11.2.9. National Water Policy (2012):

The section on present scenario of water resources management in India, it is stated that

growing pollution of water sources, especially through industrial effluents, is affecting the availability of

safe water besides causing environmental and health hazards. In many parts of the country, large

stretches of rivers are both heavily polluted and devoid of flows to support aquatic ecology, cultural

needs and aesthetics. Water quality and quantity are interlinked and need to be managed in an

integrated manner, consistent with broader environmental management approaches inter-alia including

the use of economic incentives and penalties to reduce pollution and wastage. Further, Section 8.3 of

this chapter states that urban settlements, encroachments and any developmental activities in the

protected upstream areas of reservoirs/water bodies, key aquifer recharge areas that pose a potential




threat of contamination, pollution, reduced recharge and those endanger wild and human life should be

strictly regulated. Section 8.5 states that the sources of water and water bodies should not be allowed

to get polluted. System of third party periodic inspection should be evolved and stringent punitive

actions be taken against the persons responsible for pollution.

It is recommended in Section 11.4, that in urban and industrial areas, rainwater harvesting and

desalinization, wherever techno-economically feasible, should be encouraged to increase availability of

utilizable water. Implementation of rainwater harvesting should include scientific monitoring of

parameters like hydrogeology, groundwater contamination, pollution and spring discharges.

11.2.10. Management of domestic and industrial water resource

11.2.10.1. Water Auditing:

All the municipal councils should carry out annual water auditing which will bring forth the areas

and avenues of water saving in the specific locations. Some water thefts and leaks can also be detected

from the same and the water losses can be improved. Such audits are now mandatory in all the urban

centers.

All the Municipal Councils have initiated actions for preparing Water Audit reports. A survey and

identification system on groundwater use primarily in urban area and industries is recommended after

which notices may be issued for regulating the use of groundwater.

11.2.10.2. Conjunctive water use:

Conjunctive use of ground water and surface water is not a new concept. This concept is in use

for approximately three decades. The term ‘conjunctive’ means to integrate surface and ground water

resources in simple words it is the simultaneous use of both resources. It includes interaction between

surface and ground water recharge, hydrological cycle and water balance components. These

parameters will be used for modeling the groundwater flow and interaction with surface water.

Concept of conjunctive use is one of the tools leading to water management. Many a times,

under use of available water resources and increasing groundwater storage gives rise to water logging

and salinity problems. Effective groundwater resources management in irrigated areas is necessary for

optimal use of groundwater as well as surface water. Our national water policy advocates that these two

components need to be utilized as supplementary to each other to derive maximum benefits. Hence,

practicing conjunctive use has emerged as the remedial measure for water logging and salinity. This

issue demands attention and caution from the individual water user as well as from community.

Conjunctive use is the coordinated activity for the use of surface water and groundwater taking

into consideration the availability, requirement, management and social, technical and legal aspects.

However, before implementing this aspect assessment of surface water and groundwater resources

should be made through detailed studies.

Since most of the rural population is already dependent on ground water even for their

domestic needs, ground water and surface water should be used in a conjunctive manner. Many of the

rural water supply schemes are being fed by groundwater. The concept of conjunctive water should be

expanded to the use of recycled water for non-potable secondary uses in addition to groundwater and

surface water. This will bring down the net fresh water requirement by around 30%




Depending on topography, hydro-meteorological conditions, percentage of urban and rural

population the conjunctive use of water will be different. For example, if we consider the West Flowing

River Basin which has considerable mountainous areas, which cannot hold the water due to steep

slopes. Therefore, it is necessary to use surface water as the primary source of water and ground water

as secondary source of water during lean period.

The other important factor for using water in conjunctive manner is that it does not require

separate system for water distribution in case of the rural areas. By minimizing the capital investment

and thus surface and groundwater sources can be used optimally.

11.2.10.3. Conjunctive use by using domestic or low polluted effluents:

The conjunctive use of water also refers to using fresh water either of canal or well with levels of

pollution low enough for agriculture water that comes from treated waste water from domestic use and

industrial use. The research data indicates that single irrigation of lowly polluted water is to be followed

by two well water or canal water irrigation

11.2.11. Water for environment and importance of E-flows:

11.2.11.1. Introduction:

Availability of water is a critical aspect for preserving ecosystems like forests, grasslands,

riparian areas, aquatic habitats, etc. Likewise, it is important to preserve ecosystems within the basin in

order to maintain and regulate the amount of water running off into the river system and that which is

stored in the aquifers. Since there are numerous ecological services associated with them, preserving

the integrity of ecosystems within the river basin is one of the key aspects of Integrated River Basin

Management.

It is found that the water quality and habitat maintenance in the river best reflect the efficiency

of water and land management in the basin. The section therefore focuses on identifying policies for

maintaining adequate, seasonal river flows while also emphasizing on the water quality and habitat

preservation in the river.

11.2.11.2. Ecosystems in the West Flowing River Basin Basin:

West Flowing River Basin has various types of ecosystems like, terrestrial ecosystems such as,

forest ecosystem, grassland ecosystem, mountain ecosystem, agro-ecosystem, and aquatic ecosystems

such as, pond ecosystem, lake-ecosystem, riverine ecosystem, wetland ecosystem and estuarian

ecosystem. Availability of water is very essential for any ecosystem to perform its function.

Environment forms an integral part of any system. Ecosystem is a community of living organisms

whose function depends on the abiotic components of the environment. Each ecosystem is

characterized by the its own distinctive component and the functioning of any ecosystem depends on

the complex relationship of energy transfer through food chains and food webs and the nature of the

ecological cycles. The natural forms of ecosystems include forests, mountains, deserts whereas the

artificial or human induced ecosystems include agriculture, pasture land and industrial areas.




11.2.11.3. Status of forests in West Flowing River Basin, Maharashtra:

West Flowing River Basin have more than 22.12% forest cover of moderately dense categeries are

karnala bird sanctuary , Malwan Marine sanctuary, Phansad Wild life anctuary, Tansa Wild Life

sanctuary, Borivali (The Sanjay Gandhi national Park) etc.

11.2.11.4. Environmental Flows:

Among Indian water experts, Anil Mohile and Gupta have recommended that “environmental

water requirements should include the requirements of both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and

that the former would include direct evapotranspiration through forests, wetlands and other lands, all

supporting distinct ecologies, while the latter would then be understood as environmental flows”.

In India, importance of eflows is being recognized fairly recently, the concept of safeguarding

water for the ecosystems is not new to India. According to Dr. Madhav Chitale, older dams had an outlet

to maintain continuous flow in the river in the downstream called as Ram Dhara. In several sacred

groves (community protected forest areas) where rivers originate, there is a provision for water for

animals and birds. Across faiths, sacred pools in rivers are protected.

Worldwide there are numerous methods to work out environmental flows but most of them are

relevant to the specific areas under distress and none is universaly applicable.

11.2.11.5. CWC Guidelines for Preparation of River Basin Master Plan

The CWC guidelines take an approach similar to that of NWP 2012. Point 11.6 of Chapter 11 “Water

Uses” speaks exclusively about ensuring minimum flows in rivers, and treating it as a use of water

necessary “to maintain water quality, river regime, maintenance of river eco-system or other public

necessities such as bathing, drinking water for cattle etc”.

11.2.11.6. Environmental Flows (E-Flows)

Most of the rivers in Peninsular India including West Flowing River Basin were Non-perennial in

the distant past due to large percentage of area under forest cover. There used to be a good flow to the

rivers even in summer season. During last century, forest cover has appreciably reduced. Size of family

land holding has reduced from 1/3rd to 1/4th of what it was at the time of independence. It compelled

farmers to exploit GW to increase land productivity of the reduced land holding, for their survival. GW

was also exploited on large scale to grow sugar cane, grapes and high value seasonal cash crops even in

drought prone areas. Hence during last 3-4 decades, most of the rivers were running dry after

December-January in most of the years. Large and small dams are usually but erroneously, blamed for

this situation. With or without the dams the situation of river flows in rivers would have been the same.

On the contrary because of seasonal irrigation and perennial irrigation in the canal commands, there

remains some flow in the rivers due to regenerated flow from irrigation. On that account, dams

contribute to E-Flows indirectly.

In view of this situation, releasing water from reservoirs to maintain E-Flows has no logic or

basis to justify. If it is still to be released, question would be who would bear the cost of water so

released and secondly, how to take care of the cultivators who would be deprived of irrigation facilities.

Thirdly how we are going to restrict and control lifting of water from the river used to irrigate lands on

river banks. For want of such control ultimately there would be no E-Flow in such rivers. At present most

of the cities and towns are patently releasing untreated or partially treated sewage in rivers and




polluting long stretches of the rivers on downstream. If sewage is treated to make it suitable for

irrigation and is released in rivers, there would be some flow in rivers all the year round. But probably,

cultivators on the banks of rivers would lift it to irrigate their lands and there would not be any flow

again. By depriving irrigators in the command from irrigation from reservoirs (to meet rising urban and

industrial demand), we would provide water to cultivators along river banks by lifting it and providing

huge subsidy on electricity charges and causing increased carbon emissions. Under these circumstances,

maintaining E-Flows in most of the rivers in the state would be difficult or impossible.

Realising the importance of environmental flows for maintaining ecological balance GOI had

constituted a working group to advise WQAA to make recommendations of environmental flows to be

maintained in Indian Rivers. They are as follows:

An object of retstoring the flow in the river to what it was before any diversion projects were

constructed is unavailable, for that would mean dismantling the existing irrigation system. This is clearly

impossible.

Ecology is just another claimant for water. Standard principle for resolving river water dispute is

“existing use will be negotiated”. Therefore, the esisting irrigation use should be protected and the

nature sector can only claim a portion of the balance water available.

With the above as guiding principle, the committee has concluded as below:

There can not be one single formula to determine EFR for all the rivers. Ecology of each river, sometimes

different reaches within a river, has to be studied and EFR computed accordingly.

EFR Concept is applicable only to such rivers that do not go complrtely dry during lean sessons.

For rivers that go completely dry, the riverine ecology ceases to exist and this need be corrected by

artificial means.

The guidelines for assessment of minimum flow should outline a practicle and commonsensical

process for setting a flow regime in river. They should serve to present a range of option that decision-

makers and others can use, whilst recognizing that methods used will need to vary on case by case basis.

Himalaya Rivers:

1. Minimum flow to be not less than 2.5% of 75% dependable Annual Flow expressed in cubic meters

per second.

2. One flushing flow during monsoon with a peak not less than 250% of 75% dependable Annual Flow

expressed in cubic meters per second.

Other River:

Minimum flow in any ten daily periods to be not less than obseverd ten daily flow with 99%

excedence. Where ten daily flow data is not available this may be taken as 0.5% of 75% dependable

Annual Flow Expressed in cubic meters per second.

Measure for maintaining River Water Quality

Extensive effort on augmenting wastewater collection enhancing and treatment facilities and

ensuring proper operation and maintainance of these facilities.




Use of waste water after required treatement for irrigation, horticulture and other puroses.

Need for further studies

The above recommandations will have to be reviewed based on further detailed studies on the

subject, preferably in collaboration with organizations such as the World Bank, International Water

Management Institute (IWMI), UNEP, International Commision on Irrigation & Drainage (ICID) etc. The

officials of World Bank and IWMI have already shown interest in the matter during informal discussions.

11.2.11.7. Completed ongoing / proposed structures on rivers:

There are no proposals in WFRB for structures to be constructed solely for ecological purposes

11.2.12. Resilience to Climate Change:

Climate resilience can be generally defined as the capacity for a socio-ecological system to: (1)

absorb stresses and maintain function in the face of external stresses imposed upon it by climate

change and (2) adapt, reorganize, and evolve into more desirable configurations that improve the

sustainability of the system, leaving it better prepared for future climate change impacts.

In short, if the challenges posed by the Global Warming and the Climate Change on the Water

sector are to be effectively countered, we would have to chalk out an adaptive strategy which would

ensure minimum loss in utility of the existing Water Resource Development Infrastructure and would

achieve success of the future plans of development by taking appropriate actions as above, and as

summarized in the section 15.2.16:

11.2.13. Background and Justification:

Several strategies are being implemented by the global community to combat climate change

impacts on water and livelihood. The recent findings contained in the United Nations Framework

Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

reports indicate that these inevitable impacts would be much more pronounced in Asia, Africa, and Latin

America, where agrarian livelihoods are precariously dependent on water.

11.2.14. Recommendation for industrial water management:

It is recommended that additional investments, by way of 11 intra-basin transfers be made in

the west flowing river basin in order to satisfy the drinking / domestic requirements. Water Pollution

Act: Even though the Rules and Regulations for operating the water pollution control Act are in place,

there is a huge gap between statutory expectations and actual implementation and enforcement

practices. This gap will need to be covered not only by providing the MPCB with necessary staff and

water testing facilities and laboratories, etc but also by stridently enforcing the regulations on local

government bodies through heavy penalties / or incentives.

11.2.15. Recommendations for maintaining E-flows:

Degradation of environment river systems in WFRB is mainly due to urbanization and not

because of excessive diversion of flows by construction of dams. Infact the waters impounded in dams is

about 20% of the entire average runoff in the basin. Hence the measures to curb urban pollution shall

automatically help to protect environment.




The estuarian rivers in the valley are harnessed for fisheries. Due to urbanization this activity is

severely affected near Vasai and Mahim creeks. It should be studied whether flushing flows during dry

months can reduce this derogatory effect to a certain extent. In Southern part of the basin river regimes

are being used as dumping grounds for solid wastes. In future this problem is going to assume

paramount importance even in rural areas.

11.2.16. Recommendations for resilience to climate change impacts:

1. Design all dams for a lower dependability so as to have larger size storages.

2. Provide carryover storage capacity in dams at the planning stage.

3. Set up River Basin Organizations to enable coordinated operation of all reservoirs to mitigate flood

hazards and to share distress during drought years.

4. Increase live storages of completed dams suitably, to make good loss in live storage on account of

siltation of reservoirs.

5. Adopt soft options of improving efficiency of completed projects and hard option of taking up all

possible new storages / river diversion schemes.

6. Ensure adequate treatment to all the effluent generated from non-irrigation use, for its use in

irrigated agriculture, to increase food productivity and to prevent pollution of rivers and reservoirs.

7. Exploit environment-friendly hydropower projects, including pumped storage schemes.

8. Implement Interlinking of rivers at the National and the State level, to ensure optimum exploitation

and equitable allocation of water.

9. It is recommended that studies should be carried out in order to modify the cropping pattern,

coping mechanism, tackling natural calamities, and reducing financial losses.In order to do this, sub-

basin level rainfall / precipitation assessment be done for the last 25 years (for five-year time slices)

and preparing maps for calculating a five year moving average on the lines suggested earlier.

The results of such studies should be integrated into broader strategy. e.g. Rice-bran oil production

in the predominantly paddy cultivating areas; production of organic jaggery, making pellets of

Cotton stock and Sugarcane bagasse for energy generation etc., which contribute to climate-

adaptation.

11.2.17. References

1) Maharashtra Slum Areas (Improvement, Clearance and Redevelopment) Act, 1971 National Water

Policy, 2012

2) Maharashtra State Water Policy, 2012

3) Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission guidelines 2011

4) Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran https://mjp.maharashtra.gov.in/

5) Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT), Mission statement and

Guidelines, June 2015




6) Water Supply and Sanitation Support Organization, Department for Drinking water Supply and

Sanitation http://wsso.in/

7) India's PPP Model for rooftop solar program – Gujarat Model, Renewable Energy, Mind Crunch,

Rasika Gokhale-Athawale

8) Aggregated data of 30 sub-basins of West Flowing River Basin, GoM, 2015.







Minutes of Maharashtra State Water Council’s 5 th meeting dated 22.06.2018





































Compliance of Maharashtra State Water Council’s 5 th meeting dated 22.06.2018










Gadnadi Medium Project, Tal-Sangameshwar, Dist-Ratnagiri.

Copy Printed in September 2018