1History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc.

Instructor E-Sources

PowerPoint™ Presentation Chapter 3

Mexican Texas, 1821-1836

The History of TexasThe History of TexasHarlan Davidson, Inc.Harlan Davidson, Inc.

2History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc.

Learning Outcomes (3)

• be knowledgeable concerning frontier institutions & their impact on Texas culture & society

• think about the implications of Indian accommodation & resistance in the Far Northern Frontera

• appreciate the relationship between Bourbon reforms & the independence movement

• cite the key components of Spain’s legacy in the colonial era

3History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc.

Chapter 3

Mexican Texas, 1821-1836• Mexico continues colonization policyMexico continues colonization policy• Empresarios Empresarios & filibusters& filibusters

– James Long– Haden Edwards – Stephen F. Austin– Philip Nolan

• Anglo-American immigration– Colonization Laws– Empresario Contracts

4History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc.

The Mexican Government

• Native Mexicans of TexasNative Mexicans of Texas– Revival in fortunes– Wealthy ranchos & rancherías established– Towns

• Anglos & the Mexican GovernmentAnglos & the Mexican Government– Mexican nationality often ignoredMexican nationality often ignored– Haden Edwards & Fredonia RepublicHaden Edwards & Fredonia Republic– Mier y TerMier y Teráán’s mission & reportn’s mission & report– Law of April 6, 1830Law of April 6, 1830

5History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc.

Martin de Leon of Victoria

6History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc.

Mexican Texas

• Mexican & American capitalistsMexican & American capitalists– Search for economic prosperity

• Slavery & settlement concessions• Anti-slavery law exemption• Stephen F. Austin promotes cotton industry

– Mounting grievances over governance• Resistance to commercial regulations• Demand for rights as Mexican citizens• Emergence of “war party” & “peace party”• Division of Coahuila y Tejas sought

7History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc.

Mexican Texas

• TejanoTejano & Anglo American petitions & Anglo American petitions– New leaders emerge

• Erasmo Seguín & son, Juan N.• Lorenzo de Zavala• José Antonio Navarro• José Francisco Ruiz• William & John Wharton• David G. Burnet• Sam Houston

José Antonio Navarro

8History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc.

Mexican Texas

• Coahuila y TexasCoahuila y Texas– Move to separate fails– Liberal legislation accepts English extends

empresario contracts– Coahuilan legislature raises Texas’s

representation

• Ineffectiveness of Law of April 6, 1830Ineffectiveness of Law of April 6, 1830– Land speculation– Illegal immigration rises

9History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc.

A Multicultural SocietyA Multicultural Society

• AnglosAnglos– Towns & tradeTowns & trade– Education & the pressEducation & the press– Local militiasLocal militias

• Blacks ~ the peculiar institutionBlacks ~ the peculiar institution– slavery perpetuated despite Mexican lawslavery perpetuated despite Mexican law– By 1836, 5,000 slaves in TexasBy 1836, 5,000 slaves in Texas– Runaways seek refuge with IndiansRunaways seek refuge with Indians

10History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc.

A Multicultural SocietyA Multicultural Society

• TejanosTejanos– Urban settlements, Urban settlements, rancherosrancheros, & small farms, & small farms– A divided societyA divided society

• Social divisionsSocial divisions• Gender divisionsGender divisions

– EducationEducation

• Native AmericansNative Americans– Eastern Indian people decimated by war & disease– Plains tribes maintained traditional ways– Arrival of Cherokee

11History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc.

The War for Texas Independence

• Centralists back in powerCentralists back in power

• Relations unravelRelations unravel– Travis’ Anahuac raidTravis’ Anahuac raid– de Zavala flees to Texasde Zavala flees to Texas– Committees of correspondenceCommittees of correspondence– General CGeneral Cóós arrivess arrives– Confrontation in GonzalesConfrontation in Gonzales

• Mexico moves to crush rebellionMexico moves to crush rebellion Lorenzo de Zavala

12History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc.

The War for Texas Independence

• Independence MovementIndependence Movement– Consultation of 1835Consultation of 1835– Provisional governmentProvisional government– Declaration of Independence ~ March 2, 1836Declaration of Independence ~ March 2, 1836– Causes of the warCauses of the war

• Constitutional conflictConstitutional conflict• Slavery & economic factorsSlavery & economic factors• Ethnocentrism & racismEthnocentrism & racism

• Independence wonIndependence won– Fall of the Alamo & Goliad– Battle of San Jacinto ~ April 21, 1836– Treaties of Velasco

13History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc.

Key Words & Terms (3)

Manuel Mier y TeranLaw of April 6, 1830Mexican Constitution of 1824General Antonio Lopez de Santa AnnaGeneral Perfecto de CosBaron de Bastrop“Old 300”Philip NolanDr. James LongNational Colonization Law of 1824

Empresarios/contracts• David G. Burnet• Lorenzo de Zavala• Green De Witt• Martin de Leon• John McMullen

• Patrick McGloin• Stephen F. Austin

Native Mexicans / Tejanos• Martin de Leon• Jose Antonio Navarro • Jose Francisco Ruiz • Jose Maria Balmaceda • Erasmo Seguin • Juan N. Seguin

Consultation of 1835“Come and Take It”Battle of GonzalesFall of the AlamoJames W. Fannin / Fall of GoliadBattle of San Jacinto