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For Oracle DBAs, System Administrators and Architects

Oracle Database 11g Release 2ASM Top 5 Essential Features

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The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions.The development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for Oracle’s products remains at the sole discretion of Oracle.

Safe Harbor Statement

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Charles KimOracle Certified DBA

charles@dbaexpert.com

Simplified Automatic Storage Management in Oracle Database 11g Release 2

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Audience Poll

How many of you have standardized on ASM?How many of you are running ASM for non-RAC?How many of you are running 11.1? 10.2? 9.2?

How many of you are System Administrators and manage ASM? DBAs who manage ASM?

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Agenda

Simplified Technology Stack

Simplified Storage Provisioning

Simplified user interface for manageability• asmca, asmcmd, acfsutil and EM

ASM Clustered File System

Disk Group Rename

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GI Tech StackSimplified Technology Stack – only 2 Homes to manage

Grid Infrastructure - FREE• Clusterware• ASM• ACFS

Grid Infrastructure Home

i.e. /apps/11.2.0/grid

Managed by privileged user

Database Home

i.e. /apps/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

Managed by DBAs

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Grid Infrastructure Stack

• Components of GI stack run as privileged user

• Oracle recommends GI stack to be managed by privileged user (i.e. System Administrator)

• Clustering, file system and storage volume management roles are traditionally handled by SAs

★ Significant changes in GI stack manageability that cater to SAs

★ Rich command-line features in ASMCMD and a compact GUI tool (ASMCA) are available for SA disposal

Roles and ResponsibilitiesPrivileged User – Simplified Technology Stack

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Storage Provisioning Pitfalls Pre 11.2Reduces provisioning and planning for RAC

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Storage Provisioning 11.2+Simplified Storage Provisioning

• New Way - Reduces provisioning and planning for RAC

• Provision storage for ASM Disks

No need to nickel and dime SAN Architects for trivial space

• Manage ASM Disks

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Storage Manageability - asmcaEven a caveman can do it !

• Just like we have the database configuration and network configuration assistants, we now have an ASM configuration assistant

• Simplifies ASM Maintenance

• Extremely low learning curve• Lightweight• Simplistic• GUI

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• Recommended tool to configure ASM, Dynamic Volumes and ACFS

• Upgrade previous versions of ASM to the current version (11g R2)

• Create & manage Dynamic Volumes

•Create ACFS file systems

• Ready for Oracle DB Home binaries to be installed

ASM Configuration Assistant (ASMCA)

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asmca – Create Disk Group

1. Recommended to create disk groups with asmca

2. Recommended AU in 11g is 4MB

3. ADVM Compatibility must be set to 11.2 to utilize ACFS

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Extensions for asmcmd

Everything you can do in SQL*Plus, you can do in asmcmd

• Privileged Users are encouraged to manage the Cluster / ASM and ACFS

• Single point of entry for ASM maintenance★ No more need to go back and forth between asmcmd

and SQL*Plus• Now, asmcmd is an attractive tool that Privileged

Users can swallow

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Extensions for asmcmd As a Privileged User – life is easy

1. You can startup and shutdown ASM instance – (non-RAC)

2. Create (mkdg) / Drop (dropdg) / Mount (mount) / Dismount (umount) ASM Disk Group

3. Add / remove disk from ASM disk group (chdg)

4. View Disk I/O Statistics (iostat)

5. View Disk Group Level Information (lsdg)

6. View Disk Level Information (lsdsk)

7. Create (volcreate) / Resize (volresize) / Enable (volenable)/ Disable (voldisable) Volumes

8. Rebalance Disk Group(rebal)

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Extensions for asmcmd Create Disk Group Requires XML File Manipulation

# asmcmd mkdg dg_external.xml

# cat dg_external.xml

<dg name="dg_external" redundancy="external">

<dsk string="ORCL:DATA1" />

<dsk string="ORCL:DATA2" />

<dsk string="ORCL:DATA3" />

<a name="compatible.asm" value="11.2"/>

<a name="compatible.rdbms" value="11.2"/>

<a name="compatible.advm" value="11.2"/>

</dg>

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ASM Cluster File System (ACFS)Overview - Metalink Doc ID: 948187.1

• General purpose scalable file system★ Journaling, extent based★Single node and cluster★POSIX, X/OPEN file system solution for UNIX/Linux★Windows file system solution for Windows platforms

• Accessible through NAS protocols (NFS, CIFS)

• Integrated with Oracle Clusterware for cluster support• Multi OS platform (Supported on Red Hat 5 and Windows at initial

release)• Integrated with Oracle system management tools

★Oracle installation and configuration★Enterprise Manager and ASM Storage mgt tools★Native OS File System Management tools

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ACFS for E-Business Suite Customers2 Options (ACFS vs. NFS)

Shared Apps Tier:

•ORA_TOP

•COMMON_TOP

•APPLTOP

Concurrent Manager Output and UTL_FILE_DIR

•APPLPTMP•APPLTMP

•APPLCFS/OUT

•APPLCFS/LOG

RAC DB Tier

ACFS

Forms Server

Concurrent Manager Server

Web AppServer

ACFS

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ACFS for E-Business Suite Customers2 Options (NFS vs. ACFS)

RAC DB Tier

Forms Server

Concurrent Manager Server

Web AppServer

NFS Share - /etc/exports

Each node NFS Mount File System

NFS

Shared Apps Tier:

•ORA_TOP

•COMMON_TOP

•APPLTOP

Concurrent Manager Output and UTL_FILE_DIR

•APPLPTMP•APPLTMP

•APPLCFS/OUT

•APPLCFS/LOG

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Practical Usages of ACFS

•Oracle database installation binaries• RAC or single instance ORACLE_HOME directories

•Database exports•Database logs and trace files•File based database objects★ UTL_FILE_DIR location★ Directories used by extproc routines★ Directory objects for external BFILES and external tables

• Application logs

• Shared documents

• Report output

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ACFSCost Savings Use Cases

1. IBM shops who are running WebSphere can run the clusters on ACFS

2. E-Business Suite customers running “Shared Appltop” or Shared AppsTier can replace GFS or NFS (even OCFS2) and install on top of ACFS

3. Customers running Business Objects and need high availability solution for reports output file system

4. Can be leveraged as a “Poor Man’s NAS” - Export ACFS file system from a designated Grid Infrastructure server and mount as NFS or CIFS mount point on the clients

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Standalone GI ASM

ACFSASM Standardization for RAC and non-RAC

DATA_VOL2ACFSDB

/u01

Shared ACFSDB File System

/u01 on rac02

/u01 on rac03

DATA_VOL1

Data DG

db01

Data DG

rac02 and rac03

2 node GI with ASM

1. Create Disk Group (mkdg)2. Create volumes (volcreate) out of ASM disk groups for /u01 file systems

3. Create ACFS file systems for ORACLE_HOME database binaries (mkfs -t acfs)

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asmca – Create ACFS for Database HomeCreate a shared file system for Oracle Binary

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Linux-Unix ExtensionsEase of Management

Identical to other Unix file system management commandsCreate an ACFS file system mkfs.acfs [-vf] [-n name ] device

# mkfs.acfs /dev/asm/vol1-123

Mount an ACFS file system mount.acfs [-v] [-o options] device dir# mount.acfs /dev/asm/vol1-123 /u01/oracle/acfsmounts

Unmount an ACFS file system umount [-v] device|dir

Check and repair an ACFS file system

fsck.acfs [-avnf] [info] device # fsck.acfs /dev/asm/vol1-123

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Dynamically Resize ACFS Reduce Application Downtime

• Privileged Users can increase the size of an active file system (acfsutil)

• Implicitly will grow the ASM Volume• No need to unmount the file system to extend/shrink

the file system

#1: Extend DIAG_DEST FS on the flyEase of Management - increase space immediately rather than hunt and peck and delete log, core and trace files

#2: Extend ETL FS on the flyRunning out of space in the ETL file system. Cannot acquire downtime to unmount/mount file system to increase

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Command Function

acfsutil info Display new ACFS file and file system features (ACFS, snapshots, registry, size) and information

acfsutil size Resize an ACFS file system

Resize ACFS on the flyNo need to kick off the users to increase file system size

Command-line syntax# /sbin/acfsutil size +4G -d /dev/asm/lobdata_db1-212 /apps/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

acfsutil size: new file system size: 10737418240 (10240MB)

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Enterprise ManagerCreate Snapshot

1. Create Snapshots

2. Delete Snapshots

3. Manage up to 63 Snapshots

Command-line syntax

# /sbin/acfsutil snap create 11oct2009_db_1.before.patch /apps/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

acfsutil snap create: Snapshot operation is complete.

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ACFS SnapshotsThe New Upgrade and Patching Strategy

File System

1.Flashback capability of ACFS file system

2.ACFS Snapshots should be part of every database upgrade or patch

3.ACFS Snapshots should be part of every application server patch or upgrade

Database

1.Database Guaranteed Restore Points (GRP)

2.Flashback Recovery Area (FRA)

For SAs: The most convenient way to create or remove snapshots is with the acfsutil OS command

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Managing ASMWhich management interface should I use?

• ASMCA (GUI) • Lightweight tool to create ASM Disk Groups, Volumes and ACFS• Command line option is available in silent mode

• Enterprise Manager Grid Control • Easy ASM Volumes and ACFS creation and management• HTTP Access via Database Control• Designed to be the all inclusive tool

• ASMCMD • Great for reports and listings

• SQL*Plus Command Line

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Everything Inside ASM Model

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Rename Disk GroupClone databases on same node or another node

• Change the name of a cloned disk group• Simplify server relocation

• With triple mirroring technologies, you can split the third mirror and mount it locally• Rename DG / Mount DG• Fast way to clone a database

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Rename Disk GroupRecommended Method: Phase One followed by Phase Two

Phase One Creates a Config File# renamedg phase=one dgname=dg_prod_data newdgname=data2 config=rename_to_data2.conf verbose=true# cat rename_to_data2.confORCL:DATA1 DG_PROD_DATA DATA2ORCL:DATA2 DG_PROD_DATA DATA2ORCL:DATA3 DG_PROD_DATA DATA2

Phase Two – Apply the config file generated from Phase One# renamedg phase=two dgname=dg_prod_data newdgname=data2 config=rename_to_data2.conf verbose=true

Parsing parameters..Parameters in effect: Old DG name : DG_PROD_DATA New DG name : DATA2 …

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ASM 11gR2 How-Toshttp://www.dbaexpert.com/blog/category/asm/

1. ACFS command-line tools available in Oracle Database 11g Release 22. Configure ACFS for auto-startup for non-RAC database servers3. Volume Management with asmcmd4. Rename Disk Group5. Ways to mount and dismount disk groups in Oracle Database 11g

Release 26. New ways to create disk groups in Oracle Database 11g Release 2

ASMCA Command-line Interface7. Maintaining ASM Volumes and Cluster File Systems in Oracle Database

11g Release 28. Creating ASM Volumes and Cluster File Systems with Enterprise

Manager in 11g Release 29. Creating ASM Snapshots with Enterprise Manager in 11g Release 2

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