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8/8/2019 INFORMATIVEPERSUASIVESPEAKING.PPTtextbooklecture_ary -English Speaking Course Lucknow (CDI) www.cdilucknow.blogspot.com
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Ch. 13 & 14 Informative
Speaking and Persuasive
Speaking
8/8/2019 INFORMATIVEPERSUASIVESPEAKING.PPTtextbooklecture_ary -English Speaking Course Lucknow (CDI) www.cdilucknow.blogspot.com
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Types of Informative Speaking
By content or purpose
8/8/2019 INFORMATIVEPERSUASIVESPEAKING.PPTtextbooklecture_ary -English Speaking Course Lucknow (CDI) www.cdilucknow.blogspot.com
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Content
Speeches about processes-a series of actions thatleads to a specific result
The process involved in traveling abroad
Speeches about objects-anything that can be seenor touched
A speech about your guitar
Speeches about events-when a topic refers toanything notable that has happened
A speech about the war in Iraq
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Purpose
Descriptions- describing
Describing the traditions of a particular
culture Explanations-explaining
Explaining each of the steps involved in fireprevention
Instructions-teaching
Showing students how to protect themselves
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Informative Vs. Persuasive
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Informative
you arenotpresenting info that iscontroversial
You arenot trying to change audienceattitudes
You are trying to make the audience awareof something
Usually to improve audience knowledge orability
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Persuasive Usually involves a controversial topic
You are trying to persuade the audience to
take some sort of action, or change somesort of behavior
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Techniques of Informative
Speaking1. Define a specific informative purpose
2.Create information hunger
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3. Make it easy for audience
to listen and understand Limit amount of info you present
-stick to 3-5 main topics
use familiar information to increaseunderstanding of the unfamiliar
Use simple information to build
understanding of complex info
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4. Emphasize Important
points Use repetition
-with main points
-with material that is difficult to understand
Use sign posts
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Characteristics of persuasion
Persuasion is the process of motivating
someone, through communication to
change a particular belief, attitude, orbehavior.
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Persuasion is interactive
Can be compared to the transactional
model
It is an interaction that takes place betweenspeaker and audience
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Categorizing types of persuasion
By types of proposition or by desired
outcome
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By types of Proposition Propositions of fact
Propositions of value
Propositions of policy
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Propositions of fact issues in which there are two or more sides
with conflicting evidence
listeners are required to choose the truthfor themselves
Example: Kobe Bryant did/did not commit
rape
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Propositions of value go beyond issues of truth to explore the
worth of some idea, person, or object
Examples: President Bush is/ is not the best president
Animal testing is/ is not wrong
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Propositions of policy Goes a step beyond fact or value in stating
a recommended course of action
Example: Animal testing is wrong, and everyone
should not buy products that test on
animals
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Persuasive speeches based on desired
outcome Convincing- when goal of speech is to
make the audience believe something
-Kobe Bryant did not commit rape Actuating- when goal of speech is to get
audience members to take specific actions
-dont buy make-up that is tested on animals
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Persuasion can be categorized by to
approaches:1. Direct persuasion- state the persuasive message
outright
(speakers goals are clear from the beginning)2. Indirect persuasion- persuasive message is not
clear right away
(may start with a question and continue speech to
prove that question and persuade audience)
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Creating the persuasive message
Set a clear persuasive purpose
Structure the message carefully
Describe the problem
Describe the solution
Describe the desired audience response
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Avoid fallaciesFallacy- Errors in logical thinking
There are numerous types of fallacies
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A few of the most common
fallacies AD HOMINEM- attack on the person
instead of the argument
-the speaker attacks the integrity of theperson in order to weaken the argument
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REDUCTIO AD ABSURDUM
Reduction to the absurd
Unfairly attacks an argument by extending it to
such extreme lengths that it looks ridiculousStraw man argument- a variation of ad absurdum
fallacy
Speaker attacks a potentially valid argument by
demolishing a weak example and suggesting thatit represents the entire position
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EITHER-ORFALLACY
Sets up false alternatives
Suggests that if the inferior one must be
rejected, then the other must be accepted
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POST HOC ERGO PROPTER
HOC False Cause
Mistakenly assumes that one event causes
another because they occur after oneanother
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ARGUMENTUM AD
VERECUNDIAM Appeal to authority
Involves relying on the testimony of
someone who is not an authority in thecase being argued
Occur often in advertising and politics
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ARGUMENTUM AD
POPULUM Bandwagon appeal
Based on idea that many other people like
it or agree with it, so should you Wide spread acceptance of an idea is no
guarantee that it is correct
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In conclusion
When constructing your speech be careful
that it does not involve fallacious reasoning