Infographics 2012 ASSESSMENT REPORT. Violence Against WHRDs in Mesaomerica

8/13/2019 Infographics 2012 ASSESSMENT REPORT. Violence Against WHRDs in Mesaomerica

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The Mesoamerican Initiative of Women Human Rights Defenders(IM-Defensoras)was launched in 2010 by a group of non-governmental

organizations, dedicated to the defense and promotion of womens humanrights. These organizations agreed on the necessity of coming together andorganizing to create support mechanisms for WHRDs at risk.

The national networks evolved out of the Gathering in Mexicoin order to share information and as an informal way for

WHRDs in Mesoamerica to organize amongst themselves.

In April of 2010, the IM-Defensoras calledtogether 55 organizations and WHRDs fromdiverse social movements in Mesoamerica to

define a networking strategy.

They met in Oaxaca, Mexico, at the FirstGathering (Encuentro) of WHRDs to discussthe Mesoamerican context, security problems,

and the needs of WHRDs.

In the three years since its creation, IM-Defensoras has initiated and supported the creation and strengthening of networks inHonduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Costa Rica and El Salvador that are participated in by more than 300 WHRDs.

As the process continued, rapid responsesto WHRDs at risk were developed and

implemented and regional alliances created.

H

ISTORY

1

2012 Assessment ReportG

Violence against WomenHuman Rights Defenders in Mesoamerica


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H

ISTORY

2

Honduras,

Mexico,Guatemalaand el Salvador

all have their own

National Networks.

The Mesoamerican

Registry of Attackson WHRDshas been

in operationsince 2011.

2012 AsessmentReport: Violence

against WHRDs in

Mesoamerica

Violence against WHRDsin Mesoamerica: Anassessment in progress

(updated 2010-11)

Two assessments have been produced and published to date

Unlike previous assessments, the 2012 AssessmentReport is the first to use data from the MesoamericanRegistry of Aggressions against WHRDs.

It includes a systematization of data from the Registryconcerning the period of January-December 2012 in El

Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico.

There is still the challenge of developing capacity in Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama.




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Why use a gender approach to analyzethe situation of Women Human RightsDefenders?A gender perspective ensures that no attack isoverlooked because it occurs in the context of thedefenders private life.

This in turn can eliminate aspects of structuraldiscrimination against women, which can hinder or putat risk the defense of human rights, and also hold statesaccountable for permitting, covering up or ignoring theeffects that discrimination and violence against womenhas on WHRDs.

Why pay special attention to the situation of WHRDs?

The diverse UN protection mechanisms, in particular the Special Rapporteur onHRDs, have reiterated on numerous occasions that WHRDs run a greater riskof suffering particular forms of violence and violations, prejudices and forms ofexclusion and rejection than their male colleagues.

This appears to be linked to the fact that WHRDs question sociocultural norms,traditions, perceptions and accepted stereotypes of femininity, sexual orientation

and the role and situation of women in society.WHRDs work is commonly understood to be at odds with the concept of thetraditional family, a belief which can condone and perpetuate forms of violenceand oppression against women. In certain contexts, this can provoke hositility orthe absence of support from the general population or the authorities.

The data is systematized, quantified and analyzed with gender indicators that permit the in-depth study ofthe specific challenges faced by WHRDs. This in turn brings to light and quantifies the violence, and allowsthe causes of this specific violence targeting WHRDs in the region to be examined.

The Mesoamerican Registry of Attacksagainst WHRDscollects information

on attacks against women who defendhuman rights in the region.

While the registry is an importantstep forward, its important toacknowledge that under-reporting

persists, a challenge with diversecauses and that is more prevalent incases of violence against WHRDs.

REGISTRY

FORM

ANALYSIS

VALIDATION

OF THE

INFORMATION

SIYSTEMIZATION

OF THE INFORMATION

BECOME AWARE

OF AN ATTACK

TH

EMESOAMER

ICANREGISTR

Y

OF

ATTACKSON

WHRDs

Who is a Woman Human Rights Defender?A woman who, individually or in association with others, acts to promote or protect human rightsincluding womens rights.




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ME

SOAMERICA

414ATTACKS

38WHRDs WEREASSASSINATED

FROM2010 TO 2012

217REPORTED

IN 40% OF THE ATTACKS A GENDER COMPONENT WAS IDENTIFIED

PERPETRATORS TOP 5 RIGHTS BEING DEFENDED BY WHRDs WHO WERE ATTACKED

THE WHRDs MOST AT RISK WORK IN

RURAL CONTEXTS

50NO COMPLAINT

FILED

147NO INFORMATION PROVIDED/UNKNOWN

87% STATE ACTORSMunicipal authorities (26.8%), state/departmental/

provincial authorities (23.7%), police (14.5%), militaryofficers (14.3%), and national authorities (7%)

34.6% PRIVATE ACTORSCompanies/businesses (24.2%), private security firms (10.4%)

156% SOMEONE CLOSE TO THE WHRDCommunity (7.7%), family members and close friends

(4.3%), traditional community authorities (3.6%),members within the WHRDs organization or social

movement (1.0%)

Defending land, territory and naturalresources

157 37.9%

Right to a life free of violence

(feminicide)

61 14.7%

Right to information and liberty ofexpression

47 11.4%

Right to defend rights 43 10.4%

Womens right to political and communitypariticipation

31 7.5%

MXICO118 attacks, 28.50% (2012)

28 assassinations (2010-2012)

2010- Beatriz Cario (Oaxaca); Josefina Reyes, MariselaEscobedo and Mara Isabel Cordero Martnez (Chihuahua);

Mara Elvira Hernndez Galeana (Guerrero) and SeleneHernndez Len (Estado de Mxico).

2011- Mara Magdalena Reyes, Luisa Ornelas and SusanaChvez (Chihuahua); Isabel and Reyna Ayala Nava (Guerrero);

Carmela Elisarraraz Mndez (Michoacn); Brbara Lezama

(Puebla); Julia Marichal, Ana Mara Marcela Yarce Viveros andRoco Gonzlez (Distrito Federal); Yolanda Ordaz (Veracruz)

and Mara Elizabeth Macas Castro (Tamaulipas).2012- Agnes Torres Hernndez (Puebla); Regina Martnez

(Veracruz); Durvin Ramrez Daz (Tabasco); Manuela MarthaSols Contreras (Chihuahua); Juventina Villa Mojica and Fabiola

Osorio Bernldez (Guerrero) and Renata Espinoza Reyes.

GUATEMALA126 attacks, 30.43% (2012)


2010- Evelinda Ramrez Reyes.2011- Margarita Chub Che, CatalinaMuc Maas, Emilia; Margarita Quan

Staakmann.

EL SALVADOR51 attacks, 12.32% (2012)

HONDURAS119 attacks, 28.74% (2012)


2010- Claudia Brisuela; TeresaFlores;Jessica Glvez; Janeth Lourdes

Marroqun;Vanessa Zepeda; and NeraldysPerdomo e Imperia Gamaniel Parson.

2011- Ilse Ivania Velsquez and Reina Meja.




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M

EXICO

118ATTACKS

26WHRDs WEREASSASSINATEDFROM 2010TO 2012 7OF THEM IN 2012

99%IMPUNITY

7 MAIN TYPES OF PERPETRATORS 5 MAIN TYPES OF ATTACKSTOP 5 RIGHTS BEING DEFENDED BY WHRDs

WHO WERE ATTACKED

OAXACA50 attacks (2012)

1 assassination (2010)

MXICO DF13 attacks (2012)

3 assassinations (2011)

CHIHUAHUA9 attacks (2012)

3 assassinations (2010)3 assassinations (2011)1 assassination (2012)

PUEBLA7 attacks (2012)

1 assassination (2011)1 assassination (2012)

GUERRERO7 attacks (2012)

1 assassination (2010)2 assassinations (2011)2 assassinations (2012)

VERACRUZ6 attacks (2012)


COHAUILA5 attacks (2012)

CHIAPAS4 attacks (2012)

TABASCO3 attacks (2012)

1 assassination (2012)

TAMAULIPAS1 assassination (2011)

MICHOACAN1 assassination (2011) EDOMEX


Agnes Torres (Puebla)Regina Martnez (Veracruz)Durvin Ramrez (Tabasco)

Manuela Martha Sols (Chihuahua)Juventina Villa (Guerrero)Fabiola Osorio (Guerrero)Renata Espinoza (Edomex)

8 OF THE WHRDs HAD ALREADY BEEN GRANTED PROTECTIVE MEASURES AT THE MOMENT THEY WERE ATTACKED




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E

LSALVA

DOR

51ATTACKSTOP 7 MAIN TYPES OF ATTACKS RIGHTS BEING DEFENDED BY THEWHRDs WHO WERE ATTACKED

EXTREMELY MISOGYNIST CONTEXT

ABORTION IS CRIMINALIZED IN ALL CIRCUMSTANCES

RATE OF FEMICIDES: 12/100,000

SAN SALVADOR

18

LA LIBERTAD

12

CUSCATLN

9

SAN VICENTE

7

SANTA ANA

5

ATTACKS BYDEPARTMENT

41.5%OF PERPETRATORS

ARE STATEACTORS



PANDEMIC

UN

Vi l i W


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H

ONDU

RAS

119ATTACKSTHE 8 MAIN TYPES OF ATTACK RIGHTS DEFENDED BY THE

WHRDs WHO WERE ATTACKED

SINCE THE 2009 COUP DETAT

RATES OF FEMINICIDE ARE UP246.3%

THE HIGHEST HOMICIDE RATE IN THE WORLD: 86/100,000

AGRESIONES POR

DEPARTTAMENTO

62.4%OF ATTACKS ARESTATE ACTORS

PANDEMIC

UN

COLN53

FRANCISCO MORAZN33

VALLE24

CORTS

5

ATLNTIDA4

ATTACKS BY

DEPARTMENT




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G

UATEM

ALA

126ATTACKS8 MAIN ATTACKS THE 8 MAIN RIGHTS THE WHRDs WHO

WERE ATTACKED WERE DEFENDING

8 OF THE WHRDs HAD ALREADY BEEN GRANTED PROTECTIVE

MEASURES WHEN THEY WERE ATTACKEDIT IS THE COUNTRY IN THE REGION THAT HAD THE MOST ATTACKS IN 2012

THE ARRIVAL OF THE RETIRED GENERAL OTTO PEREZ MOLINA TO GOVERNMENT

HAS LEAD TO A REMILITIRISATION OF THE STATE STRUCTURES

AGRESIONES POR

DEPARTTAMENTO

42.6%OF THE KNOWNPERPETRATORS

WERE STATEACTORS

GUATEMALA (55)

SANTA ROSA (16)

SOLOL (17)

QUICH (14)

ALTA VERAPAZ (6)

JALAPA (5)

PETEN (2)

HUEHUETENANGO (2)

CHIMALTENANGO (2)

QUETZALTENANGO (1)

JUTIAPA (1)

IZABAL (1)

CHIQUIMULA (1)

ATTACKS BYDEPARTMENT



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Infographics 2012 ASSESSMENT REPORT. Violence Against WHRDs in Mesaomerica