Infection Infection ControlControl

Wanda Opland Wanda Opland

Health Careers Health Careers InstructorInstructor

JAMES VALLEY VOCATIONAL TECHNICAL CENTERJAMES VALLEY VOCATIONAL TECHNICAL CENTER

ObjectivesObjectives

Define, pronounce, and spell the key Define, pronounce, and spell the key termsterms

Differentiate between antisepsis, Differentiate between antisepsis, disinfection, and sterilizationdisinfection, and sterilization

Demonstrate aseptic hand washingDemonstrate aseptic hand washing Demonstrate how to don and remove an Demonstrate how to don and remove an

isolation mask, gloves, and gownisolation mask, gloves, and gown Identify the five ways microorganisms Identify the five ways microorganisms

are spread of infectionare spread of infection

Define OSHA and explain the agency’s Define OSHA and explain the agency’s role in safetyrole in safety

List conditions which enhance growth of List conditions which enhance growth of microorganismsmicroorganisms

MicroorganismsMicroorganisms

Organisms which Organisms which can only be seen can only be seen by a microscopeby a microscope

To LiveTo Live– Warm temperatureWarm temperature– moisturemoisture– darknessdarkness

AnaerobicAnaerobic•microorganisms which live in microorganisms which live in

an environment without an environment without oxygenoxygen

Aerobic Aerobic •microorganisms which needs microorganisms which needs

oxygen to liveoxygen to live

NonpathogenicNonpathogenic•a microorganism that a microorganism that does not cause diseasedoes not cause disease

PathogenicPathogenic•a microorganism which is a microorganism which is disease producingdisease producing

Pathogenic Pathogenic MicroorganismsMicroorganisms

BacteriaBacteria• can be treated with antibioticscan be treated with antibiotics

VirusesViruses• smaller than bacteriasmaller than bacteria• cannot be treated with bacteriacannot be treated with bacteria

Pathogenic Pathogenic MicroorganismsMicroorganisms

ProtozoaProtozoa• larger than virus, grow within larger than virus, grow within

host cellhost cell FungiFungi

• low form of plant life, includes low form of plant life, includes mold & yeastmold & yeast

Pathogen and diseasePathogen and disease

ToxinsToxins•some microorganisms some microorganisms produce poisons (toxins) produce poisons (toxins) that affect the bodythat affect the body

How Microorganisms How Microorganisms SpreadSpread

Direct ContactDirect Contact• transmitted directly from one person transmitted directly from one person

to anotherto another Indirect contactIndirect contact

• transferred from one object to transferred from one object to anotheranother

How Microorganisms How Microorganisms SpreadSpread

AirborneAirborne• carried in the aircarried in the air

Oral routeOral route• enters body through water, food dirty enters body through water, food dirty

handshands Insects and PestsInsects and Pests

• picked up on insects and pests and picked up on insects and pests and transferredtransferred

Signs and SymptomsSigns and Symptoms

GeneralizedGeneralized• involves the involves the

entire bodyentire body LocalizedLocalized

• involves a involves a single sitesingle site

AsepsisAsepsis AsepsisAsepsis

• free from or keeping away disease free from or keeping away disease producing microorganismsproducing microorganisms

Medical AsepsisMedical Asepsis• to destroy the environment that allows to destroy the environment that allows

pathogens to live, breed, and spreadpathogens to live, breed, and spread Aseptic techniqueAseptic technique

• methods used to make the environment, methods used to make the environment, worker, and as germ free as possibleworker, and as germ free as possible

Aseptic Techniques to Aseptic Techniques to prevent spread of prevent spread of diseasedisease

Cross infectionCross infection• caused by infecting the patient with a caused by infecting the patient with a

new microorganism from another new microorganism from another patient or health care workerpatient or health care worker

ReinfectionReinfection• infection with the same infection with the same

microorganism that caused the microorganism that caused the original illnessoriginal illness

Aseptic Techniques to Aseptic Techniques to prevent spread of prevent spread of diseasedisease

Self-innoculationSelf-innoculation• infection by the patient’s own infection by the patient’s own

organismsorganisms An illness passing from the patient to An illness passing from the patient to

the health care worker or from worker the health care worker or from worker to patientto patient

Aseptic TechniqueAseptic Technique

Employees to be neat and cleanEmployees to be neat and clean Proper handling of all equipmentProper handling of all equipment Use sterile procedure when Use sterile procedure when

necessarynecessary

Aseptic TechniqueAseptic Technique

Use proper cleaning solutionsUse proper cleaning solutions• Bacteriostatic solutions:Bacteriostatic solutions: slow or stops slow or stops

the growth of microorganismsthe growth of microorganisms• Bactericidal solutions:Bactericidal solutions: Kills Kills

microorganismsmicroorganisms Hand washingHand washing Universal precautionsUniversal precautions

Universal PrecautionsUniversal Precautions

Precautions that protect the Precautions that protect the patient/client, co-workers, and patient/client, co-workers, and community from infectioncommunity from infection

Universal PrecautionsUniversal Precautions

Universal PrecautionsUniversal Precautions

Universal Precautions TechniquesUniversal Precautions Techniques• Wear gloves whenWear gloves when

– touching bloodtouching blood– touching mucous membranestouching mucous membranes– performing veinipunctureperforming veinipuncture– touching body fluids of any kindtouching body fluids of any kind

• Body FluidsBody Fluids– vaginal fluids or semenvaginal fluids or semen– cerebrospinal fluidcerebrospinal fluid– pleural fluid (fluid around lung)pleural fluid (fluid around lung)– pericardial fluid (fluid around heart)pericardial fluid (fluid around heart)– synovial fluid (fluid in the joints)synovial fluid (fluid in the joints)– amniotic fluid (fluid around the fetus)amniotic fluid (fluid around the fetus)– placenta tissueplacenta tissue– saliva with blood in itsaliva with blood in it

Wash hands after glove removalWash hands after glove removal Protect clothing with apron or gown when Protect clothing with apron or gown when

splashing of blood or body fluids is possiblesplashing of blood or body fluids is possible Discard needles or other sharps in Discard needles or other sharps in

puncture-resistant container puncture-resistant container Do not recap needles or work with needles Do not recap needles or work with needles

before disposalbefore disposal Waste and soild linen must be handled Waste and soild linen must be handled

with carewith care

Controlling the spread of Controlling the spread of infectionsinfections

SterilizeSterilize• make free from all living organismsmake free from all living organisms

DisinfectionDisinfection• process of freeing from microorganisms by process of freeing from microorganisms by

physical or chemical meansphysical or chemical means AutoclavesAutoclaves

• sterilizers which use steam underpressure sterilizers which use steam underpressure to kill all organismsto kill all organisms

Isolation PrecautionsIsolation Precautions

IsolationIsolation• condition of having limited contact with condition of having limited contact with

othersothers Protective IsolationProtective Isolation

• guarding workers and visitors from dangerguarding workers and visitors from danger Reverse IsolationReverse Isolation

• guarding the patient from dangerguarding the patient from danger

Types of IsolationTypes of Isolation

Respiratory IsolationRespiratory Isolation• protection from airborne dropletsprotection from airborne droplets

Skin and wound IsolationSkin and wound Isolation• protection from open wounds, skin protection from open wounds, skin

drainagedrainage

Types of IsolationTypes of Isolation

Enteric IsolationEnteric Isolation• solid body wastessolid body wastes

Strict IsolationStrict Isolation• complete protectioncomplete protection

Blood and body fluidsBlood and body fluids