industrialhydraulics-131005135830-phpapp01

Training on

Industrial

HydraulicsNFI – Industrial Automation

Training Academy

nfi

What Does Hydraulics means?

Consist of two words

Hydro – Water

Aulus - Pipe

Work done by fluid in pipes

www.nfiautomation.org

nfi

Hydraulics in Day to Day Life



Father of Hydraulics?


William George

Armstrong

(1810 – 1900)

“First Barron

Armstrong”

Joseph Bramah

(1748 - 1814)

Invented Power

Press

Bramah Press

Law of Hydraulics

– Pascal’s Law

- Bernoulli Principle


1 C

m

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

1Cm2

10 Cm2

100 kg10

kg

10

Cm

ENERGY CAN NEITHER BE CREATED NOR DESTROYED.

WHAT IS GAINED BY FORCE IS SACRIFICED IN THE

DISTANCE MOVED.

WORK DONE = FORCE x DISTANCE MOVED

W = F x dW = F x d

= 10 Kg x 10 Cm

= 100 Kg-Cm

W = F x d

= 100 Kg x 1 Cm

= 100 Kg-Cm

MOVING THE SMALL PISTON10 Cm DISPLACES 1 Cm2 x 10 Cm = 10 Cm3 OF LIQUID

10 Cm OF LIQUID WILL

MOVE LARGER PISTON

ONLY 1Cm.

10 Cm2 x 1 Cm = 10 Cm3

Q = A x h

Typical Units of Pressure

The SI unit for pressure is the Pascal (Pa), equal to one newton per

square meter (N/m2 or kg·m−1·s−2).


1 Bar = 14.69 psi = 100 kilo pascal

Typical Units of FlowCFM = Cubic feet per minute

Cubic meter per hour = M*M*M/Hour

Litres per minutes = l/min


Types of Flow

Laminar

Turbulent

Laminar flow is preferred

in fluid power systems

over turbulent flow

because it is more

efficient and loses less

energy.

Types of Flow

Fluids that are thick and

flow with difficulty have

high viscosity, while

liquids that are thin and

flow easily have low

viscosity.

Viscosity of Fluid

A Saybolt viscometer is a

test instrument used to

measure fluid viscosity.

Flow of Fluid

A flow meter is a

meter that is used to

measure the flow of

fluid (in gpm) within a

system.

Fluid Losses

Resistance to fluid flow generates friction and the resulting energy is

converted into heat.

Basic Hydraulic System


Hydraulics System/Tutorial/BASIC HYDRAULIC SYSTEM.pr5

Example: Hydraulic Jack


Example: Motor Reversing System


b. Motor-Reversing System. A power-driven pump operating a reversible rotary motor. A

reversing valve directs fluid to either side of the motor and back to the reservoir. A relief valve

protects the system against excess pressure and can bypass pump output to the reservoir, if

pressure rises too high.

Example: Motor Reversing System


Example: Cylinder in Series


Example: Cylinder in Parallel


Hydraulic Pumps

1. Single Stage Centrifugal Pump

2. Lobe Pump

3. Internal/External Gear Pump

4. Axial Piston Pump

Hydraulic pumps convert mechanical energy from a prime mover (engine or electric motor) into hydraulic (pressure) energy. The pressure energy is used then to operate an actuator. Pumps push on a hydraulic fluid and create flow.


Pump

1. Single Stage Centrifugal Pump

Converts mechanical energy into Hydraulic energy


Pump

1. Lobe Pump



Pump

1. External Gear Pump



For constant flow/pressure application

4000 psi = 275 bar

Low Cost & Dirt Tolerance

Used to charged pump to pressurize

the lnlet of vane & axial pump

Pump

1. Internal Gear Pump



Pump

Vane Pump



Pump

1. Axial Piston Pump



For high Pressure Application

7250 psi ~ 10000 psi

Good Service Life

Variable Displacement Capability

Pump RatingsTypical factors determining nature of Pumps

Displaced Volume or Displacement = Q (l /min) or (l/rev)

Nominal Speed = in rpm

Maximum Pressure = in Bar or psi

Tank Capacity = in litres

Maximum Flow = l/min or l/sec

Fixed Type Variable Type


Comparing PumpsTypical factors determining nature of Pumps


Parameter Piston/ Axial

Pump

Vane Pump Gear Pump

Pressure 10000 psi 4000 psi 4000 psi

Power Density Highest medium Lowest

Efficiency Highest medium Lowest

Dirt Tolerance Lowest medium Highest

Noise & Vibration Moderate

behaviour

Quietest &

vibration free

Noisy & high

vibration

Size & weight Very Heavy Heavy Lightest

Life Expectancy Long life &

repairable

Long life &

repairable

Short life

Hydraulic Fluid Conditioning Elementswww.nfiautomation.org

Cooler

Filter

Air Filter

Fluid Cooler

Hydraulic Fluid Conditioning Elements


CoolerFluid Cooler


Filter

Air Filter

Full Flow Type Filter Proportional Type Filter

Accumulator www.nfiautomation.org

Filter

Gas Loaded Accumulator

Accumulator www.nfiautomation.org

Filter

Piston Type Accumulator


Filter

Hydraulic Actuation SystemElements of Actuation System

1. Actuators – Hydraulic Cylinders

2. Valves – Directional Control Valves (DCV)


Actuators – Hydraulic Cylinders

Used to produce linear motion

Single Acting Cylinder


Hydraulic Actuation System


Single Acting Cylinder

Single-Acting Cylinder With Spring Return

Single-Acting Cylinder With Spring Extend


Hydraulic Actuation SystemActuators – Hydraulic Cylinders

AS/Different types of single acting cyl actuators.pr5

Double Acting Cylinder




Double Acting Cylinder




AS/Different types of Double acting cyl actuators.pr5

Double-Acting 2-Cushion Cylinder

Double Acting Cylinder with Cushion




A double ended piston rod makes a cylinder stronger against side

load, as it has two bearings at the widest distance possible. This type

of cylinder is often mounted with rods fixed and the cylinder itself

moving to displace a part.

Double Acting Double Rod Cylinder

Double-Acting Double-Rod Cylinder




Hydraulic Motors Rodless Cylinder




Gear type Motor

AS/Other types of Pneumatics cyl actuators.pr5

Piston ForceDependent on the air pressure, the cylinder diameter, and the frictional

resistance of the sealing components.

Fth = A . p

Fth = Theoretical piston force in N.

A = Useful piston area in cm².

p = Operation pressure in kPa.

Fn = Effective piston force in Newton (N)

FR = frictional force (3-20%) in Newton (N)

Fn = A. p – (FR+FF)

Single Acting Cyl.

Fn = A. p – FR

Double Acting Cyl.





2. Valves –

Pressure-control Flow- (volume-) Control, Directional-control


Hydraulic Actuation SystemPressure Relief Valve

Pressure Relief Valve


Hydraulic Actuation SystemPressure Relief Valve


Simple, direct-acting relief valve has no

adjusting screw and therefore opens at

a fixed, pre-set pressure as controlled

by setting of compression spring.

Adjustable, direct-acting relief valve blocks

flow through the valve until force of system

pressure on the poppet overcomes the

adjustable spring force and downstream

pressure.


Hydraulic Actuation SystemPilot Operated Pressure Relief Valve



Hydraulic Actuation SystemPressure Regulating/Reducing Valve


Hydraulic Actuation SystemPressure Regulating/Reducing Valve

AS/Different types of Directional Valves 3-2.pr5


Hydraulic Actuation SystemSequence Valve

Sequence Valve


Valves – Directional Control Valves (DCV)1. Allowing the passage of fluid and directing it to particular

lines

2. Canceling fluid as required by blocking their passage and

/ or

3. Relieving the fluid back to reservoir





2. Valves –

Pressure-control

Flow- (volume-) Control, Directional-control


Hydraulic Actuation SystemFlow Control Valve – Gate Valve (Throttle)



Hydraulic Actuation SystemFlow Control Valve – Globe Valve (Throttle)


Hydraulic Actuation SystemNeedle Valve – (Throttle)

Variable Throttle Valve

Flow Control Valves: Check ValveThe check valve allows oil flow in one direction and blocks it

in the opposite direction.

Check ValveSpring Loaded

Check ValvePilot to Open

Check ValvePilot to Close

Check Valve


AS/Check Valve.pr5




2. Valves –

Pressure-control

Flow- (volume-) Control,

Directional-control

2/2– Directional Control Valves (DCV)

2/2 Spring return

Valve with Lever


2/2-Way - Lever w ith Spring Return

2/2 Spring return

Valve with Lever

Detent

2/2 Pilot Operated

Valve



3/2 Spring return

Valve

3/2 Spring return

Pilot Valve


3/2-Way NC - Manual Button with Spring Return

3/2-Way NC - External Pilot with Spring Return




4/2-Way NC - Manual Button with Spring Return

4/2-Way NO - External Pilot with Spring Return

4/2 Spring return

Valve

4/2 Spring return

Pilot Valve


4/3– Directional Control Valves (DCV)To stop the cylinder in between


4/3-Way NC - Lever w ith Detent

4/3-Way NC - Double External Pilot Control

4/3 Lever with Detent

4/3 Double Pilot Valve


Hydraulics Exercises


1) Draw a hydraulic circuit to actuate two Single Acting Spring Return

cylinder with one 3/2 Valve

2) Draw a hydraulic circuit to actuate Double acting Cylinder with 4/2 Valve

? ?

Hydraulics Flow Lines & Connections

Hydraulic Pressure Source Reservoir/ Sump

Pneumatic T ConnectorHydraulics other Fittings

Hydraulic hoses


Electro- Hydraulics


Including Electronics/Electrical Circuits in Hydraulic Circuit to control

automatically – typically referred to DCV

[email protected]

Electro- Hydraulics


Including Electronics/Electrical Circuits in Pneumatics Circuit to control

automatically – typically referred to DCV

Solenoid

Solenoid Ratings: 24 VDC, 220 VAC

S7S6

Hydraulics Exercises


1) Draw an Electro- pneumatic circuit to actuate Single acting cylinder with

3/2 solenoid valve actuated by Toggle switch

2) Draw a pneumatic circuit to actuate & latch Double acting Cylinder with

4/3 Spring return Solenoid Valve

?

S2S1

4/3-Way NC - Double Electrical Control

Hydraulics Applications


Hydraulics Applications


Learn 4 PLC’s in a Day100+ Video Tutorials

Life time Access

nfipresents

Lea

rn t

o C

od

e |

Co

de

to

Le

arn

Coupon Code https://www.udemy.com/nfi-plc-online-leaning/?couponCode=slideshare

in $99 $49

For more courses visit www.nfiautomation.org

Course Outline

• 100+ PLC Video Tutorials

• Doubt Clearing Complementary LIVE Sessions on Team Viewer

• Ladder Logic Programming

• PLC Presentations, PLC Circuits, PLC Codes

• FREE PLC Simulation Software for Practice

PLC – Programmable Logic Controller

Delta DVP 14 SS + 16 SP

Allen Bradley M1000

Siemens S7 200

Schneider

Analog Cards Programming

04 AD – Analog to Digital

04DA- Digital to Analog

http://www.nfiautomation.org/

PLC & VFD Advanced

Course4 PLC’s Training

Platforms

For more courses visit www.nfiautomation.org

Course Highlights:

• 30 Live Practical Classes on PLC, Analog Cards & AC drives- VFD

• 100+ PLC Video Tutorials with Lifetime Access & FREE PLC Simulator

• FREE Circuits Diagram

$149

Course Link:http://www.wiziq.com/course/28882-plc-and-ac-drives-online-certificate-trainaing-course

http://www.nfiautomation.org/

http://www.wiziq.com/course/28882-plc-and-ac-drives-online-certificate-trainaing-course

[email protected]

thank you

nfi

Documents

industrialhydraulics-131005135830-phpapp01