Industrial Case Report

8/13/2019 Industrial Case Report

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A

CASE STUDY REPORT ON

BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION

As a part of curriculum of B.E. in CIVIL ENGINEERING of

Rashtrasant Tukdogi Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur

Submitted by

Mr. Manish Umashankar Parate

Under the Guidence of

Prof. Roshani Damgahe

2013-2014

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Nagarjuna Institute of Engineering,Technology &

MANAGEMENT


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Nagarjuna Institutite of Engineering,

Technology & Management

Civil Engineering Department

CERTIFICATEThis is to certify that this is a bonafide record of industal case study

Report entitled

CONSTRUCTION OF RCC BRIDGE

Carried out by


Of the final year (7sem.) B.E. Civil Engineering during the academicyear 2012-2013 in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award ofthe Degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (CIVIL ENGG.)

Offered by the

RASHTRASANT TUKADOJI MAHARAJ NAGPURUNIVERSITY, NAGPUR.

--------------------------------- ---------------------------------

Prof. ROSHANI DHAMGAYE Prof. SWATI WAGHMARE(GUIDE) (H.O.D)

-------------------------------

Mr. M.K.RAHANGDALE

(PRINCIPAL)


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This acknowledgement is nothing but a small token of

gratitude towards our college for making this Seminar Report

possible.

I have a special words of thanks for our guide,

Prof. ROSHANI DAMGAHE.

For his constant words of encouragement all times and for

His valuable suggestions as my guide.

I also tke this great opportunity to thanks our

H.O.DProf. SWATI WAGHMARE for providing me with the

necessary facilities for the smooth working of Seminar.

I am delighted to offer a sincere thanks to our NAGARJUNA

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING, TECHNOLOGY AND

MANAGEMENT, NAGPUR, for enabling me to acquire to

practical knowledge.

I am indebted to Dr. M.K. RAHANGDALE (Principal) for

keeping this Seminar Report for making our future bright and

knowledgable.

Finally, I am thankful to one and all that directly or indirectlyhelped me in the successful completion of this Seminar

REPORT.

Submitted by



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INDEX

1 INTRODUCTION 2

1.1 NEED OF PROJECT1.2 SITE VIEW

1.2.1 BRIDGE ACROSS RIVER KOLAR

1.3 SITE SELECTION

1.4 MATERIALS

1.4.1 CEMENT

1.4.2 AGGREGATE

1.4.3 STEEL BARS

1.4.4 WATER

1.4.5 ADMIXTURE

2 OVER VIEW OF BRIDGE DIMENSIONS 6

3 COMPONENTS OF BRIDGE 7

3.1 PILE

3.2 PIER

3.3 PEDESTAL

3.4 BEARING PLATE

3.5 GIRDERS

3.6 SLAB

4 CONSTRUCTION 15

5 PROJECT BENEFITS 17

6 CONCLUSION 177 REFERENCE 18


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1 INTRODUCTION

Conveyance of raw water from Pench Dam to Mahadula through M.S. Pipe line on Kolar

River along with a 3m wide road in the middle drawn up for inspecting the pipeline on a

regular or required basis.

(Intake tank at Pench site)

1.1NEED OF A PROJECT

Present Water Supply 470 Mld

Water Demand by 2012 will be 532 Mld.

Water losses in canal ranging from 100-225 Mld.

Augmentation to water supply of Nagpur City to meet the demand of newly developed

area.


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Major Components of Project(Project Awarded Cost Rs. 220.61 Crores)

Head Works at Pench Dam : 630 Mld Capacity

Pumping Machinery & Station : 521 Mld

Pumping Main (Dam to BPT) : OD 2032 mm, L-100 Meter, 630 Mld Capacity

Break Pressure Tank (BPT) : 630 Mld Capacity

Raw Water Gravity Transmission Main (BPT to Mahadula) : OD 2300 mm, L-

27.36 Kms., Capacity 521 Mld

Bridge on Kanhan River For Pipeline Crossing : 1 No. (L-252 M)

Bridge on Kolar River for Pipeline Crossing : 1 No. (L-95 M)

S.E. Rly. Crossing for Pipeline : 1 No.

National Highway Crossing : 1 No.

Operation & Maintenance : 7 Years

(Pench water reservoir)


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1.2SITE VIEW1.2.1 BRIDGE ACROSS RIVER KOLAR

The Bridge is Required to carry a water pipeline from Pench Dam Head works to Mahadula

Water Treatment Plant in Nagpur city under the scheme of Augmentation of water supply to

Nagpur Municipal Corporation. The Bridge will carry two Pipelines , first one to carry 521

MLD of water with mild steel pipe of outer diameter 2340 mm and inner diameter of 2252

mm ( 1stStage ) and a smaller pipe to carry 109 MLD ( 2ndStage ), diameter of 1320 mm

outer, and 1300 mm as inner diameter is assumed for 2ndStage.

1.3 SITE SELECTION

Adequate efforts made in selection of good site for locating a bridge will be amply rewarded

in the form of reduced cost of the project and trouble free performance of the bridge. The

factors that have to be considered in the selection of a site are indicated below. Though it may

not be feasible to satisfy all desirable attributes simultaneously, the selected site should

represent the most desirable mix of the attributes consistent with overall economy, including

the cost of approaches.

(i) Site survey: For selecting a suitable site ,the investigating Engineer makes a

reconnaissance survey for about 1 km upstream and downstream respectively.

Similarly , on either side of the road , 1 km survey was done in order to

form a general impression of the landscape and to decide the type of structure to be build.

(ii) Permanency of the channel: It has to be ascertained from different maps prepared

over a long period of time that the river does not have any tendency to mender at the

proposed site.

(iii) Presence of high and stable banks: The presence of high incredible bank generally

offers an ideal site, which reduces the cost of approach embankments and their protection

work.

(iv) A straight reach to a site: The site is located 500 meters from the highway.

(v)Steady river flow without cross current: At the site, the bed slope of the river at the

site is of gentle slope. Hence no cross currents are produced at site.

(vi) Economical Approaches : It should not be very high or long or liable to flank attacks

of the rivers during flood. The Approach should be free from obstacles like hills , frequent

drainage crossings, etc.


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1.4 MATERIALS

1.4.1 CEMENT

(i) The usual test carried out for cement are for cement are for chemical and physical

requirements. They are given in relevant Indian Standards IS 4031 (different parts)

and IS 4032

(ii) Cement of best quality is to be used . Cement should be smooth enough, grey in

colour and it must feel cool when hand is inserted in cement bag .

1.4.2 AGGREGATE

Coarse aggregates shall consist of clean, hard, strong, dense, nonporous crushed

stone, crushed gravel, natural gravel or other approved inert material. These shall notconsist pieces of disintegrated stones, soft flaky, elongated particles, salt alkali,

vegetable matter or other deleterious material. Coarse aggregates having positive

alkali-silica reaction shall not be used steel.

Fine aggregates shall consist of natural sand or hard pieces of crushed

stone or gravel or combination thereof. They shall be clean and should not contain

mica or other deleterious materials in such quantities as to reduce the strength and

durability of concrete or to attack the embedded steel.

1.4.3 STEEL BARS

(i) Steels bar mainly used are of Fe-415 according to IS:- code specification .

(ii) Various diameters of bars brought at site are 8mm , 10 mm ,12mm ,16mm , 25mm

and 32mm.

1.4.4 WATER

Water used for mixing and curing shall be clean and free injurious amounts of oils,

acids, alkali, salts, sugar organic materials or other substances that may be deleterious

to concrete or steel. Potable water is generally considered satisfactory for mixing

concrete. Mixing and curing with sea water shall not be permitted.

1.4.5 ADMIXTURE

As the batch mixing plant was far away from the construction site so, admixture like

gypsum which retards the process of initial setting of concrete was used .


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2 OVER VIEW OF BRIDGE DIMENSION

The gravity pipeline crosses river Kolar , (chainage 23648 to 23748) .

The Pile diameter is assumed as 1000 mm and length of pile below pile cap is 14.5meters.

The overall length of T-girder is 20750 mm. There are 4 T-beams or girders.

The overall length of cross girder is 9400 mm . There are 6 cross girders in each span.

The c/c of girders is adjusted as per diameter of large pipe , 3 m wide road , andsmall pipe.

The flanges of all T-beams will be interconnected , and the RCC slab will becontinuous over 6 supports.

All the five girders are interconnected with cross girders ; The supports to the pipeline will be located exactly over the cross girders 4 m c/c .

The Thickness of slab , and the web of T-girder is altered depending upon the loadscoming over the girders.

The slabs as well as girders will be cast- in- situ (M-25 , Fe-415).

The bottom R.L. of girders will be above H.F.L. by 1.5 meter.

The bridge is designed as non-submersible.

Eight pedestal constructed on each pier cap.

Bearing plates are placed on each pedestal.

Height of hammer head is 4.75m .


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3 COMPONENTS OF BRIDGE

The Bridge structure is divided into two parts mainly:-

1)Substructure

a) Pile

b) Pile cap

2)Superstructure

a) Circular Pier

b) Hammerhead

c) Pier cap

d) Pedestal

e) Girders

f) Slab


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3.1 Pile

1. Pile actually transmits the load acting on it deeper to the subsoil where denser

material can be found to prevent the collapse and the uplift.

2. The pile used at site was bored cast-in-situ pile.

3. There will be 4 numbers of bored piles per pier in RCC (M25) piles below eachpier.

4. The size of bored piles is circular having 1000 mm diameter.

5. Pile foundation controls the settlements which can be accompanied by the surfacefoundation.

6. Pile foundation is used to increase the factor of safety for heavy loads of thestructure.

(Pile Foundation)


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3.2 Pier (Hammerhead) and Pier cap

1. Pier transfers the load to the sub-structure.

2. Piers are proposed of RCC (M30) , with 40 mm guage metal.

3. Pier cap is proposed of RCC(M25) , with 40 mm gauge metal.

3.2.1Cutting schedule of hammerhead

A) Vertical Bars

Diameter No. Of bars Length of bar

(mm)

Sketch(mm)

12 mm 4 950

12 mm 4 1107

12 mm 4 1265

12 mm 4 1422

12 mm 4 1590

12 mm 4 1730

12 mm 4 1895

12 mm 4 2032

12 mm 4 2210

12 mm 4 2367


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Diameter No. Of bars Length of bar

(mm)

Sketch(mm)

12 mm 4 2525

12 mm 4 2682

12 mm 4 2840

12 mm 4 3000

12 mm 4 3150

12 mm 4 3315

12 mm 4 3470

12 mm 4 362712 mm 4 3785

12 mm 26 3940

( Reinforcement of hammerhead )


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B) Horizontal bars

Diameter No. Of bars Horizontal

length of bar(mm)

Sketch(mm)

12 mm 2 6300

12 mm 2 6085

12 mm 2 5870

12 mm 2 5655

12 mm 2 5440

12 mm 2 5225

12 mm 2 5010

12 mm 2 479512 mm 2 4580

12 mm 2 4365

12 mm 2 4150

12 mm 2 3935

12 mm 2 3720

12 mm 2 3505

12 mm 2 3290

12 mm 2 3073

12 mm 2 290012 mm 2 2645

12 mm 2 2430

12 mm 2 2215

3.3 Pedestal

1. 8 Pedestals are proposed on the surface ofeach pier (hammer head ).

2. Dimensions of pedestal :- 800mm X600mm X 600mm.

3. Reinforment of pedestal is shown aside.


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3.3.1 Cutting schedule of pedestal

Diameter Length No. Of Bars Sketch(mm)

12 mm 2596 mm 8

12 mm 2446 mm 3

(H ammerhead pier along wi th proposed 8 pedestals on sur face)


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3.4 Bearing plate

Bearings are vital components of a bridge which while allowing of longitudinal

and/or transverse rotations and/ or movements of the superstructure with respect to thesubstructure (thus relieving stresses due to expansion and contraction), effectively

transfer loads and forces from superstructure to substructure.

The bearings transmit the load received from the decking on to the

substructure and are provided for distribution of the load evenly over the substructure

material which may not have sufficient bearing strength to bear the superstructure

load directly.

3.5 Girders

1. Girder supports the slab and transfer the load to the piers.

2. There are 4 nos. of longitudinal girders and 6 nos. of cross girders.

(Rein forcement of longi tudinal girder)


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3.6 Slab

1. Five spans of 20 m effective are proposed .

2. Walkway slab has been designed for live load of Class B loading case been designedas RCC M25 , with graded metal of 20 mm.

(Centering provided for casting of slab)

3.6.1 Cutting schedule of slab

Diameter No. of bars Length Overlap Length

12 mm 170 20275 mm 660 mm

10 mm 182 9700 mm -


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4 CONSTRUCTION

LEVELLING:

From commencement of any work at site till the

completion of work , the required R.L.(reduced

level) for the job are inspected at every step , and

thoroughly maintained.

In order to have a stable slope of slab the centeringwas made to lie on the creep by taking level with

given R.L.

(

(Auto-level)

PLACING OF SHUTTERING PLATE:-

After proper provision of reinforcement , the shuttering is provided with properlevel to have the concrete laid without defect.

(Shutter ing provided for girders)


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CONCRETING:-

Ready mix concrete from the batch mixing plant was used and needle vibratorwere used to have proper compaction of concrete.

For slabs concreting every 20 metre span of slab was casted . The spacingbetween every span was 25 mm.

(6m cube Transit mixture)

(pumping and vibrating of concrete)


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CURING:-

Curing is a process of controlling the rate and the extent of moisture loss from the

concrete during the cement hydration.

Curing generally depends upon temperature , atmosphere and humidity.

Because of curing , strength gained by concrete is :-

1 day 40 %

7 days 60%

28 days 90% - 95%

INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE :-

The bridge represents a major infrastructure investment with a design life of atleast 120 years.

This bridge has been designed to accommodate routine maintenance andinspection of pipeline on bridge crossing kolar river.

After and during every work the inspection is done by senior engineers to avoidthe possible defects if remain.

7 PROJECT BENEFITS

Availability of additional water for irrigation & drinking to meet the NMC waterdemand upto 2015.

Annual saving to NMC in raw water tariff @ Rs. 8.70 crores.

Annual energy saving to NMC @ Rs. 0.90 crores.

Due to conveyance of water through pipeline, instead of previously through

open canal saving in quantum of water by 20%


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6 CONCLUSION

It will satisfy the need of water upto the year 2015 of Nagpur.

The bridge will acts as the open ground inspection gallery for the pipelines used forsupplying water.

The training made us to understand that the project is good for Nagpur and its people.

It reduces the reliability of Nagpur water supply sources on rapidly deterioratingcanal and avoid crisis caused due to possible breach of canal.

7 REFERENCE http://www.sewinfrastructure.com

The project file of Pench project part IV .

http://www.labsanywhere.net/SlideManager/slides/Bridges

Documents

Industrial Case Report