INDIANS AND THEIR INDIANS AND THEIR MEDICINEMEDICINE

FROM THE FIRST CONTACT BETWEEN THE FROM THE FIRST CONTACT BETWEEN THE OLD WORLD AND THE NEW WORLD OLD WORLD AND THE NEW WORLD EUROPEAN DOCTORS REALIZED THAT EUROPEAN DOCTORS REALIZED THAT INDIANS HELD THE KEY TO THE WORLDS INDIANS HELD THE KEY TO THE WORLDS MOST SOPHISTICATED PHARMACY.MOST SOPHISTICATED PHARMACY.

INDIANS, HOWEVER, HAVE NOT BEEN INDIANS, HOWEVER, HAVE NOT BEEN GIVEN RECOGNITION FOR THEIR GIVEN RECOGNITION FOR THEIR ACCOMPLISHMENTS. ACCOMPLISHMENTS.

UNDERDEVELOPED UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIESCOUNTRIES

TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE ARE TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE ARE WIDELY AVAILABLE IN FIRST WORLD WIDELY AVAILABLE IN FIRST WORLD COUNTRIES.COUNTRIES.

PEOPLE LIVING IN VILLAGES AND PEOPLE LIVING IN VILLAGES AND SMALL TOWNS, MAINLY IN THIRD SMALL TOWNS, MAINLY IN THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES, STILL SUFFER WORLD COUNTRIES, STILL SUFFER FROM THE LACK OF MEDICAL FROM THE LACK OF MEDICAL ADVANCES THAT ARE NOT ADVANCES THAT ARE NOT AFFORDABLEAFFORDABLE

TELI, MALITELI, MALI

AN EXAMPLE OF THIS:AN EXAMPLE OF THIS: ISOLATED VILLAGE IN MALIISOLATED VILLAGE IN MALI

CLOSEST TOWN 70 MILES AWAYCLOSEST TOWN 70 MILES AWAY DAGON TRIBEDAGON TRIBE

SLOW ECONOMY: SLOW ECONOMY: LACK OF ROADSLACK OF ROADS ELECTRICITYELECTRICITY MEDICINE MEDICINE

THEY GROW THEIR OWN CROPS AND ONLY A FEW GOODS ARE THEY GROW THEIR OWN CROPS AND ONLY A FEW GOODS ARE IMPORTED FROM OTHER AREASIMPORTED FROM OTHER AREAS

MEDECINE:MEDECINE: ASPIRIN ASPIRIN CHLOROQUINECHLOROQUINE NATIVE CURESNATIVE CURES

MOST INHABITANTS HAVE NATURAL MOST INHABITANTS HAVE NATURAL IMMUNITY TO SOME ILLNESSES SUCH AS IMMUNITY TO SOME ILLNESSES SUCH AS

MALARIA- OLD WORLD DISEASE WITHOUT MALARIA- OLD WORLD DISEASE WITHOUT CURE/PREVENTIVECURE/PREVENTIVE

ACCORDING TO HISTORY RECORDS MALARIA ACCORDING TO HISTORY RECORDS MALARIA EXISTED IN EUROPE, AFRICA, AND ASIA. BUT NOT IN EXISTED IN EUROPE, AFRICA, AND ASIA. BUT NOT IN THE AMERICASTHE AMERICAS

EUROPEANS TOOK MALARIA TO AMERICA HOWEVER EUROPEANS TOOK MALARIA TO AMERICA HOWEVER INDIANS SOON FOUND THE CURE TO RELIEF ITS INDIANS SOON FOUND THE CURE TO RELIEF ITS SYMPTOMSSYMPTOMS

QUECHUA INCASQUECHUA INCAS

GREW MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THEIR GREW MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THEIR REGIONSREGIONS

BARK BARK IPECACIPECAC

THESE PLANTS PROVED THE THESE PLANTS PROVED THE SUPERIORITY OF INDIAN MEDICAL SUPERIORITY OF INDIAN MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE & PHARMACOLOGYKNOWLEDGE & PHARMACOLOGY

PERUVIAN BARKPERUVIAN BARK

THEY PRODUCED QUININE THEY PRODUCED QUININE (INGREDIENT IN CHLOROQUINE)(INGREDIENT IN CHLOROQUINE)

BEFORE THE INTRODUCTION OF BEFORE THE INTRODUCTION OF QUININE BY THE AMERICAS, OLD QUININE BY THE AMERICAS, OLD WORLD DOCTORS WHERE UNABLE WORLD DOCTORS WHERE UNABLE TO CURE DEADLY DISEASES THAT TO CURE DEADLY DISEASES THAT WERE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE WERE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DEATH OF THOUSANDS OF PEOPLEDEATH OF THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE

QUININE CURED MANY AILMENTS QUININE CURED MANY AILMENTS SUCH AS: SUCH AS:

CRAMPSCRAMPS CHILLSCHILLS HEART-RHYTHM DISORDERSHEART-RHYTHM DISORDERS

THIS CURE IS CALLED QUINA-QUINA THIS CURE IS CALLED QUINA-QUINA WHICH PREVENTED MALARIAWHICH PREVENTED MALARIA

THE BARK WAS THE BARK WAS INTRODUCED IN INTRODUCED IN EUROPE ABOUT 1630EUROPE ABOUT 1630

IN 1820, PARISIAN SCIENTIST EXTRACTED THE IN 1820, PARISIAN SCIENTIST EXTRACTED THE ACTIVE INGREDIENTS FROM THE BARK AND NAMED ACTIVE INGREDIENTS FROM THE BARK AND NAMED IN QUININE(QUECHUA) AND/OR IN QUININE(QUECHUA) AND/OR CHINCHININE(FRENCH)CHINCHININE(FRENCH)IT WAS USED BY THE POWERFUL AND WEALTHY IT WAS USED BY THE POWERFUL AND WEALTHY UNTIL IT BECAME COMMONUNTIL IT BECAME COMMON

WHAT CAUSED MALARIA?WHAT CAUSED MALARIA?

PLASMODIUM CARRIED BY MOSQUITOSPLASMODIUM CARRIED BY MOSQUITOS IT SPREAD BY BITING SOMEONE WHO IT SPREAD BY BITING SOMEONE WHO

WAS INFECTEDWAS INFECTED SIR RONALD ROSS OBTAINED THE NOBEL SIR RONALD ROSS OBTAINED THE NOBEL

PRIZE IN 1902 FOR ITS DISCOVERYPRIZE IN 1902 FOR ITS DISCOVERY WHAT DID THE QUECHUAS GET? THEY WHAT DID THE QUECHUAS GET? THEY

DISCOVERED THE CURE 300 YEARS DISCOVERED THE CURE 300 YEARS EARLIEREARLIER

QUININEQUININE

EXTRACTED FROM A PLANTEXTRACTED FROM A PLANT BITTER, IT HAD TO BE MIXED WITH BITTER, IT HAD TO BE MIXED WITH

SUGARED WATERSUGARED WATER TONIC WATERTONIC WATER POPULAR MIXER FOR ALCHOLIC DRINKSPOPULAR MIXER FOR ALCHOLIC DRINKS MEDICINAL IN SMALL VILLAGES SUCH AS:MEDICINAL IN SMALL VILLAGES SUCH AS:

TIMBUKTU (AFRICA)TIMBUKTU (AFRICA)

QUININE EVOLUTIONIZED FROM MEDICINE QUININE EVOLUTIONIZED FROM MEDICINE TO SOFT DRINKS (INDIAN ROOT BEER)TO SOFT DRINKS (INDIAN ROOT BEER)

TIMBUKTUTIMBUKTU

ONCE A PROUD CITY CLOSE TO NIGER RIVERONCE A PROUD CITY CLOSE TO NIGER RIVER LIKE MANY OTHER SMALL TOWNS/VILAGES, LIKE MANY OTHER SMALL TOWNS/VILAGES,

TIMBUKTU GROW MOST OF ITS SOURCES OF TIMBUKTU GROW MOST OF ITS SOURCES OF FOOD. ONLY A FEW SOURCES ARE IMPORTED FOOD. ONLY A FEW SOURCES ARE IMPORTED SUCH AS TEA, FROM CHINA & COFFEE, FROM SUCH AS TEA, FROM CHINA & COFFEE, FROM IVORY COASTIVORY COAST

IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO BUY COLA DRINKS, GUM, IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO BUY COLA DRINKS, GUM, AND/OR CHOCOLATE. THEY DO HOWEVER, SELL AND/OR CHOCOLATE. THEY DO HOWEVER, SELL QUININE WATER AS A MEDICINAL TONICQUININE WATER AS A MEDICINAL TONIC

IPECACIPECAC EXTRACTED FROM TREE THAT PROVIDED EXTRACTED FROM TREE THAT PROVIDED

QUININEQUININE HELPED TO CURE LETHAL INTESTINAL HELPED TO CURE LETHAL INTESTINAL

INFECTION. EVEN TODAY IT RANKS AS A INFECTION. EVEN TODAY IT RANKS AS A MAJOR WORLD KILLER OF YOUNG MAJOR WORLD KILLER OF YOUNG CHILDREN CHILDREN

USED BY INDIANS TO EXPEL UNWANTED USED BY INDIANS TO EXPEL UNWANTED SUBSTANCES SUCH AS:SUBSTANCES SUCH AS:

POISONPOISON PURIFICATION OF THE BODYPURIFICATION OF THE BODY

IT WAS INTRODUCED TO FRANCE IN IT WAS INTRODUCED TO FRANCE IN 1688 BY A DUTCH DOCTOR WHO 1688 BY A DUTCH DOCTOR WHO USED IT ON THE SON OF LOUIS XVIUSED IT ON THE SON OF LOUIS XVI

AS OF THEN, HE BECAME A AS OF THEN, HE BECAME A RESPECTED PHARMACIST AND RESPECTED PHARMACIST AND PHILOSOPHERPHILOSOPHER

INDIANS FIND CURE FOR INDIANS FIND CURE FOR SCURVYSCURVY

IT FIRST CAME TO EUROPEAN ATTENTION IT FIRST CAME TO EUROPEAN ATTENTION DURING CARTIER’S SECOND VOYAGE TO DURING CARTIER’S SECOND VOYAGE TO CANADACANADA

ACCORDING TO THE FRENCH EXPLORER, ACCORDING TO THE FRENCH EXPLORER, INDIANS SHOWED SIGNS OF SCURVY AND INDIANS SHOWED SIGNS OF SCURVY AND THEREFORE HE PREVENTED CONTACT WITH THEREFORE HE PREVENTED CONTACT WITH THEMTHEM

INDIANS KNEW THAT SUCH DISEASE WAS NOT INDIANS KNEW THAT SUCH DISEASE WAS NOT CONTAGIOUS.CONTAGIOUS.

HIS MEN BEGAN TO SHOW SIGNS: BLEEDING, HIS MEN BEGAN TO SHOW SIGNS: BLEEDING, UGLY SPLOTCHES ERUPTED IN THEIR SKIN, UGLY SPLOTCHES ERUPTED IN THEIR SKIN, GUMS GREW SPONGY AND SOME OF THEM GUMS GREW SPONGY AND SOME OF THEM BEGAN TO DIEBEGAN TO DIE

INDIANS SHOWED A CURE TO CARTIER BY INDIANS SHOWED A CURE TO CARTIER BY MAKING A TONIC FROM THE BARK AND MAKING A TONIC FROM THE BARK AND NEEDLESS OF AN EVERGREEN TREE (CALLED NEEDLESS OF AN EVERGREEN TREE (CALLED ANNEDDA BY HURONS)ANNEDDA BY HURONS)

ANNEDA CARRIED A MASSIVE DOSE OF VITAMIN ANNEDA CARRIED A MASSIVE DOSE OF VITAMIN C- EVERY MEN WHO TOOK IT RECOVERED. C- EVERY MEN WHO TOOK IT RECOVERED.

CARTIER KIDNAPPED INDIAN CHIEF CARTIER KIDNAPPED INDIAN CHIEF DONNACONNA & OTHER INDIANS HOPING THEY DONNACONNA & OTHER INDIANS HOPING THEY WOULD FIND GOLD FOR HIMWOULD FIND GOLD FOR HIM

JAMES LINDJAMES LIND IS RECONIZED AS THE PIONEER OF IS RECONIZED AS THE PIONEER OF THE CAUSES/CURE FOR SCURVYTHE CAUSES/CURE FOR SCURVY

OTHER CURESOTHER CURES

THE INDIANS USED THE INDIANS USED IODINEIODINE TO PREVENT TO PREVENT MOST FORMS OF GOITERMOST FORMS OF GOITER

THE INDIANS OF AMERICA REFINED A THE INDIANS OF AMERICA REFINED A COMPLEX SET OF ACTIVE DRUGS THAT COMPLEX SET OF ACTIVE DRUGS THAT PRODUCED PHYSIOLOGICAL AND NOT PRODUCED PHYSIOLOGICAL AND NOT MERELY PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS ON MERELY PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS ON PATIENTSPATIENTS

THE INDIANS OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA& THE INDIANS OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA& OREGON GAVE MODERN MEDICINE THE OREGON GAVE MODERN MEDICINE THE MOST COMMONLY USED LAXATIVEMOST COMMONLY USED LAXATIVE

HEDGE PLANT FOR CONSTIPATIONHEDGE PLANT FOR CONSTIPATION

INDIANS OF NORTH AMERICA USED:INDIANS OF NORTH AMERICA USED: “ “SPIGELIASPIGELIA” TO TREAT INTESTINAL ” TO TREAT INTESTINAL

WORMS. WORMS. THEY ALSO USE “THEY ALSO USE “DOGWOODSDOGWOODS” AS A ” AS A

FEVER REDUCER.FEVER REDUCER. AND BARK OF THE “AND BARK OF THE “WILLOW TREEWILLOW TREE” ”

TO CURE MINOR HEADACHES & TO CURE MINOR HEADACHES & PAINSPAINS

INDIAN HEALERS DEVELOPED INDIAN HEALERS DEVELOPED DRUGS TO HELP WOMEN IN:DRUGS TO HELP WOMEN IN:

INDUCE MENSTRUAL DISCHARGEINDUCE MENSTRUAL DISCHARGE EASE PAIN DURING CHILDBIRTH EASE PAIN DURING CHILDBIRTH

INDIANS ALSO DEVELOPED INDIANS ALSO DEVELOPED OINTMENTSOINTMENTS

““INDIAN PETROLATUM” AKA “PETROLEUM JELLY”INDIAN PETROLATUM” AKA “PETROLEUM JELLY”

INDIANS USED PLANTS INDIANS USED PLANTS AS WEAPONSAS WEAPONS

WHEN FRANCISCO ORELLANA WHEN FRANCISCO ORELLANA DISCOVERED THE AMAZON RIVER, HIS DISCOVERED THE AMAZON RIVER, HIS ARMY WAS ATTACKED BY THE INDIANS.ARMY WAS ATTACKED BY THE INDIANS.

HIS SOLDIERS HAD MORE SOPHISTICATED HIS SOLDIERS HAD MORE SOPHISTICATED WEAPONS. HOWEVER INDIANS USED WEAPONS. HOWEVER INDIANS USED POISON IN THEIR ARROWS AND HIS MEN POISON IN THEIR ARROWS AND HIS MEN BEGAN TO DYE INSTANTLY.BEGAN TO DYE INSTANTLY.

THE POWERFUL POISON “THE POWERFUL POISON “CURARECURARE” ” BECAME FAMOUS.BECAME FAMOUS.

IN 1807, GERMAN NATURALIST FOUND THE IN 1807, GERMAN NATURALIST FOUND THE SOURCE OF SOURCE OF CURARECURARE

EVENTHOUGH THE PLANT WAS EVENTHOUGH THE PLANT WAS DISCOVERED, IT TOOK A LONG TIME TO DISCOVERED, IT TOOK A LONG TIME TO FIGURE OUT HOW IT WORKEDFIGURE OUT HOW IT WORKED

CURARE CURARE PRODUCED A QUIET, GENTLE, PRODUCED A QUIET, GENTLE, AND SUDDEN DEATHAND SUDDEN DEATH

DOCTORS FOUND A USE FOR IT AS A DOCTORS FOUND A USE FOR IT AS A MUSCLE RELAXANT WHEN PRACTICING MUSCLE RELAXANT WHEN PRACTICING SURGERY SURGERY

MEDICAL ARTSMEDICAL ARTS

MANY NATIVE DOCTORS UNDERSTOOD & MANY NATIVE DOCTORS UNDERSTOOD & PRACTICED MANY MEDICAL ARTSPRACTICED MANY MEDICAL ARTS

TREPHINING – BRAIN SURGERYTREPHINING – BRAIN SURGERY THE AZTECSTHE AZTECS

DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASESDIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES STEEL SCALPEL- USED TO CUT WITH MINIMAL STEEL SCALPEL- USED TO CUT WITH MINIMAL

BLOOD LOSS & WITH FEWER SCARSBLOOD LOSS & WITH FEWER SCARS MEDICINAL BATHSMEDICINAL BATHS THE AZTECS HAD THE MOST THOROUGH THE AZTECS HAD THE MOST THOROUGH

UNDERSTANDING OF HUMAN ANATOMY. THEY UNDERSTANDING OF HUMAN ANATOMY. THEY OFTEN PERFORMED HUMAN SACRIFICESOFTEN PERFORMED HUMAN SACRIFICES

TODAY, INDIAN CURES AND TODAY, INDIAN CURES AND MEDICINES HAVE SPREAD MEDICINES HAVE SPREAD THROUGHOUT THE WORLD AND THROUGHOUT THE WORLD AND BECOME FULLY INTEGRATED INTO BECOME FULLY INTEGRATED INTO CULTURES ON EVERY CONTINENT. CULTURES ON EVERY CONTINENT. HOWEVER, PEOPLE HAVE HOWEVER, PEOPLE HAVE FORGOTTEN WHERE THEY CAME FORGOTTEN WHERE THEY CAME FROM AND IGNORE THE FROM AND IGNORE THE ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE INDIANSACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE INDIANS