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IMPORTANT POINTS OF TELANGANA
1950: Telangana became Hyderabad State.
1952: First elections held in Hyderabad State.
Nov 1, 1956: Telangana merged with Andhra State, which was carved
out of Madras State, to form Andhra Pradesh, a united state for Telugu-
sea!ing eole.
1969: "#ai Telangana" movement for searate statehood to Telangana
began. $ver %&& eole !illed in olice 'ring.
1972: "#ai Andhra" movement began in coastal Andhra for searate
Andhra State.
1975: Presidential order issued to imlement Si( Point Formula,
roviding some safeguards to Telangana.
1997: )#P suorted demand for Telangana state* in + election, it
romised "one vote two states".
2001: . /handrase!hara 0ao 1oated Telangana 0ashtra Samithi 2T0S3
to revive Telangana movement.
2004: T0S fought elections in alliance with /ongress, wins 've 4o!
Sabha and 56 assembly seats. 7PA includes Telangana issue in
common minimum rogramme.
2008: T8P announced suort for Telangana demand.
2009: T0S contested elections in alliance with T8P but its tally came
down to two 4o! Sabha and +& assembly seats.
Sep 2: /hief Minister 9.S. 0a:ase!hara 0eddy died in helicoter crash,
triggering olitical uncertainty.
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Oct 2009: /handrase!hara 0ao began fast-unto-death for Telangana
state.
Dec 9: /entre announced decision to initiate the rocess for formation
of Telangana state.
Dec 23; Following rotests in 0ayalaseema and Andhra regions
2Seemandhra3 and en mass resignations of MPs and state legislators,
centre ut the rocess on hold citing need for consensus.
Feb 3, 2010: /entre set u 've-member Sri!rishna committee to loo!
into Telangana issue.
Dec 2010: Sri!rishna committee submitted its reort, suggested si(
otions
July 30, 2013: 7PA coordination anel and /ongress <or!ing
/ommittee decided to carve out Telangana state. Protests in
Seemandhra.
Oct 3, 2013: 7nion cabinet aroved the roosal to divide Andhra
Pradesh. A =rou of Ministers 2=oM3 was constituted to reare the
roadma after consultations with all sta!eholders.
Oct 25, 2013: /hief Minister >. iran umar 0eddy raised banner of
revolt against /ongress leadershi. He wrote letters to resident and
rime minister urging them to sto bifurcation rocess.
Dec 5, 2013: 7nion cabinet aroved draft Andhra Pradesh
0eorganisation )ill 5&+% reared on the basis of recommendations by
the =oM. )ill sent to President Pranab Mu!her:ee with a re?uest toma!e a reference to Andhra Pradesh legislature to obtain its views
under Article % of the /onstitution.
Dec 9: The President gave time till #an 5% to the state legislature to
give its views.
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Dec 12, 2013: )ill brought to Hyderabad in a secial aircraft and amid
tight security.
Dec 16, 2013: )ill introduced in both houses of state legislature amid
clashes between Seemandhra and Telangana lawma!ers.
Jan 8, 2014: After disrutions for several days, debate 'nally began
on the bill in assembly and council.
Jan 21, 2014: State government sought four more wee!s to debate
the bill. The President gave one wee!.
Jan 27, 2014: /hief Minister iran umar 0eddy gave notice to
assembly sea!er for a resolution to re:ect the bill.
Jan 30, 2014: Amid ruc!us, both houses of state legislature assed by
a voice vote o@cial resolutions, re:ecting the bill and aealing to the
President not to send the bill to arliament.
Feb 5, 2014: /hief minister staged sit-in in 8elhi to oose
bifurcation.
Feb 7, 2014: 7nion cabinet cleared the bill and re:ected Seemandhra
leaders" demand to ma!e Hyderabad a union territory. )ill sent to thePresident for his aroval to table it in arliament.
Feb 11, 2013: /ongress e(elled si( MPs from Seemandhra for
moving no-con'dence motion against government.
Feb 13, 2014: )ill introduced in 4o! Sabha amid clashes between MPs
from Seemandhra and Telangana. 4. 0a:agoal, a MP from
Seemandhra, used eer sray in the house. Sea!er susended +6
MPs including 0a:agoal for rest of the session.
Feb 18, 2014: 4o! Sabha asses Telangana bill
!"to#y o$ %elan&ana e'pla!ne( !n 10 po!nt"
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Telangana 0ashtra Samithi 2T0S3 chef /handrase!hara 0ao resigned
as a member of 4o! Sabha from the Meda! constituency in order to
become the 'rst /hief Minister of ndia"s 5th state, Telangana.
1. The name Telangana is derived from the word Telugu Angana, whichmeans a lace where Telugu is so!en. The >iBams 2+C5D-+D3 used
the word Telangana to diEerentiate it from the Marathi sea!ing
regions of their !ingdom
2. From 5%& )/ to 55& A8, the Satvahanas ruled this region between
rishna and =odaveri rivers.
3. The region e(erienced a =olden Age, in between +&%-+5&%, under
the reign of the a!atiyas who established <arangal as their caital
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4. n +%& A8, Allaudin hil:i"s general Mali! afur attac!ed <arangal,
which led to the decline of the a!atiyas. The region came under the
8elhi Sultanate till +6C, when =olconda 2near Hyderabad3 fell to
AurangBeb
5. n +C5D, >iBam-ul-mul! Asif #ah 2Asif #ahin >iBam dynasty3
established his indeendence and made Hyderabad the caital of the
emire in +C6.
6. n +C, the )ritish sign an alliance with >iBam Asif #ah. The >iBam
ceded coastal Andhra and 0ayalseema regions to the )ritish.
7. The region remained under the )ritish and the >iBams till +D6, the
year of Telangana rebellion, which was ?uelled by the >iBam"s 0aBa!ars2mercenaries3
8. After ndia"s indeendence in +DC, the last >iBam of Hyderabad,
$sman Ali han, refused to :oin the ndian 7nion desite reeated
re?uests from #awaharlal >ehru and Sardar Patel. The ndian army
anne(ed Hyderabad and the >iBam surrendered to Sardar Patel on
+Cth Setember, +D. Hyderabad State accedes to the ndian 7nion.
9. n 8ecember +%, the States 0eorganisation /ommission wasaointed to recommend the reorganisation of state boundaries. The
anel was not in favour of an immediate merger of Telangana with
Andhra state, desite their common language. <ith the intervention of
the then Prime Minister #awaharlal >ehru, Telangana and Andhra states
were merged on >ovember +, +6. >ehru termed the merger a
Gmatrimonial alliance having rovisions for divorceG.
10. n 5&+%, the 7PA government headed by Manmohan Singhclears
the formation of Telangana. $n #une 5, 5+&D, /handrase!har 0aota!es oath as the 'rst chief minister of Telangana, ndia"s 5th state.
Telangana was a region in the resent state of Andhra Pradesh
and formerly was art of Hyderabad state, which was ruled by
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>iBam. Andhra Pradesh State has three main cultural regions
namely, Telengana, /oastal Andhra region and 0ayalaseema.
The Telangana region has an area of ++D,D& s?uare !ilometres
and a oulation of %,56,CC 25&++ census3, which is D+.6
of Andhra Pradesh state oulat ion. The Telangana regioncomrise of +& districts; Adilabad, Hyderabad, hammam,
arimnagar, Mahbubnagar, Meda!, >algonda, >iBamabad,
0angareddy, and <arangal. The Musi 0iver, rishna and
=odavari rivers 1ow through the region from west to east.
!"to#y o$ %elan&ana
<hen ndia became indeendent from the )ritish Imire in
+DC, the >iBam of Hyderabad did not want to merge with
ndian 7nion and wanted to remain indeendent under the
secial rovisions given to rincely states. He even as!ed for a
corridor, a assage from ndia. 0ebellion had started throughout
the state against the >iBamJs rule and his army. The
=overnment of ndia anne(ed Hyderabad State on +C
Setember +D, in an oeration by the ndian Army called
$eration Polo.
<hen ndia became indeendent, Telugu-sea!ing eole were
distributed in about 55 districts, of them in the former
>iBamJs dominions of the rincely state of Hyderabad, +5 in the
Madras Presidency 2>orthern /ircars3, and one in French-
controlled 9anam.
The /entral =overnment aointed a civi l servant, M. . Kellodi,
as First /hief Minister of Hyderabad State on 56 #anuary +&.
n +5, 8r. )urgula 0ama!rishna 0ao was elected /hief
minister of Hyderabad State in the 'rst democratic election.
8uring this time there were violent agitations by some
Telanganites to send bac! bureaucrats from Madras state, and
to strictly imlement rule by natives of Hyderabad.
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Meanwhile, Telugu-sea!ing areas in the >orthern /ircars and
0ayalaseema regions were carved out of the erstwhile Madras
state on the fast unto death by Potti Sri 0amulu to create
Andhra State in +%, with urnool as its caital. >ehru chose
to ignore SriramuluJs fast. $n the 6th day of his fast untodeath, Sriramulu died and violence eruted. n 8ecember +%,
the States 0eorganiBation /ommission was aointed to study
the creation of states on linguistic basis.L+6 The States
0eorganiBation /ommission 2S0/3 was not in favor of an
immediate merger of Telangana region with Andhra state,
desite their common language.
The eole of Telangana had several concerns. The region had a
less-develoed economy than Andhra, but with a larger revenuebase 2mostly because it ta(ed rather than rohibited alcoholic
beverages3, which eole of Telangana feared might be diverted
for use in Andhra. They feared that lanned irrigation ro:ects
on the rishna and =odavari rivers would not bene't Telangana
roortionately, even though eole of Telangana controlled the
headwaters of the rivers. t was feared that the eole of
Andhra, who had access to higher standards of education under
the )ritish rule, would have an unfair advantage in see!ing
government and educational :obs.
The /hief Minister of Hyderabad State, )urgula 0ama!rishna
0ao, e(ressed his view that ma:ority of Telangana eole were
against the merger. He suorted the /ongress artyJs central
leadershi decision to merge Telangana and Andhra desite
oosition in Telangana. Andhra state assembly assed a
resolution on 5 >ovember + to rovide safeguards to
Telangana.
Telangana leaders did not believe the safeguards would wor!.
<ith lobbying from Andhra /ongress leaders and with ressure
from the /entral leadershi of /ongress arty, an agreement
was reached between Telangana leaders and Andhra leaders on
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5& February +6 to merge Telangana and Andhra with romises
to safeguard TelanganaJs interests.
Following the =entlemenJs agreement, the central government
established a uni'ed Andhra Pradesh on >ovember +, +6. Theagreement rovided reassurances to Telangana in terms of
ower-sharing as well as administrative domicile rules and
distribution of e(enses of various regions.
)ut within a few years, Andhra Pradesh was roc!ed by olitical
turmoil. )etween +6 and +C5, the state witnessed two
searate movements- N #ai TelanganaJ and N #ai AndhraJ. The
Telangana leaders accused Andhra leaders of 1outing the
gentlemenJs agreement. Andhra leaders retaliated by sayingthe NMul!isJ olicy was discrimination against them. n ++J
the >iBam had issued a decree stating that only NMul!isJ, that is
eole born in the state or those who had lived there for atleast
+ years, were eligible for ublic aointment in the state.
8omiciled NMul!isJ were also re?uired to have an a@davit that
they would never return to their native laces. After the merger,
the eole of Hyderabad wanted this rule to be observed, while
the eole of coastal Andhra and other arts of the state were
against it. The movement, which started with the demands ofsafeguarding the interests of the eole of the erstwhile
Hyderabad state, soon started demanding a searate state. $n
#anuary +&, +C%, residentJs rule was imosed, but soon the
matter was resolved for the time being.
)*y a %elan&ana State+
-The government has discriminated against the region by
roviding a huge chun! of aid to rivate colleges 2#unior as wellas 8egree3 in coastal Andhra and 0ayalaseema with very little
to the rivate colleges in Telangana.
-<hile state level institutions are sread out in many districts of
coastal Andhra and 0ayalaseema, in Telangana region they are
located only in the caital city Hyderabad. t is asserted that
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indirect bene'ts in terms of emloyment and develoment of
the area around a state level instituteOuniversity are denied to
the districts of Telangana while D state level institutions have
been located in one town 2Tiruati3 of district /hittoor in
0ayalaseema region.
-t is stated that there are four government medical colleges for
the four districts in 0ayalseema,whereas there are only two
medical colleges for the districts in Telangana2e(cluding
Hyderabad3 and as a result, even students with a high ran!
cannot get a seat. n nursing also, there are several colleges in
0ayalaseema whereas Telangana has only one college which
was established during the >iBam eriod.
-The government health facilities 2Hosital )eds and 8octors3
er lac oulation are the highest in 0ayalaseema region
followed by coastal Andhra region. Telangana region
articularly, e(cluding Hyderabad, is behind in these resects.
-8iscrimination has ben done against Telangana in the
distribution of river waters, inade?uate mechanisms to address
inter regional disutes over river water sharing and water use
and art diversion of river =odavari to coastal Andhra and riverrishna to 0ayalaseema to the detriment of the Telangana
region.
-t is claimed that cultural domination by coastal Andhra has
aEected the develoment of distinctive Telangana culture with
lac! of resect for Telangana writers, oets, art ists and other
literary 'gures.
-t is claimed that festivals li!e )athu!amma, )onalu, 8ashera,
8eeavali, Holi, Peera Panduga2Muslim festival3, #ataras
2festival of tribals and 8alits3 are celebrated in Telangana but
not in coastal Andhra and not given recognition in the state.
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-They argue that several agreements and romises made and
beginning with those in the =entlemenJs Agreement have not
been adhered to.
-They also alleged that Telangana chief ministers reresentedthe state for only +&.6 years out of over 've decades of its
e(istence, with no chief minister from the region being in ower
continuously for more than 5 +O5 years, while Seema-Andhra
region held it for D5 years.
vent" lea(!n& to -!$u#cat!on
-n +, /ongress demanded creation of Telangana state./ongress was then smarting under crushing defeats in
successive elections to the state Assembly and Parliament with
the ruling Telugu 8esam Party in an unassailable osition.
-9et another chater oened in the struggle for Telangana when
alva!untla /handrase!har 0ao, who was seething over denial
of /abinet berth in the /handrababu >aidu government, wal!ed
out of T8P and launched Telangana 0ashtra Samiti on 5C Aril
5&&+.
-Following ressure alied by Telangana /ongress leaders, the
/entral <or!ing /ommittee of /ongress in 5&&+ sent a
resolution to the then >8A government see!ing constitution of a
second States 0e-organisation /ommission to loo! into
Telangana state demand, which was re:ected by the then 7nion
Home Minister 4 Advani.
-T0S started gradually building the movement for a searatestate.
-/ongress forged an electoral alliance with T0S by romising to
create Telangana state.
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-/ongress came to ower in 5&&D, both in the state and at the
/entre, and T0S became art of the coalition governments at
both laces.
-Protesting delay in carving out the searate state, T0S ?uit thecoalition governments in the state and at the /entre in
8ecember 5&&6 and continued an indeendent 'ght.
-n $ctober 5&&, T8P changed its stance and declared suort
for bifurcation of the state.
-T0S launched an inde'nite hunger stri!e on 5 >ovember 5&&
demanding creation of Telangana. The /entre budged and came
out with an announcement on 8ecember 5&& that it was
initiating the rocess for formation of Telangana stateQ.
-)ut the /entre announced on 5% 8ecember 5&& that it was
utting Telangana issue on hold. This fanned rotests across
Telangana with some students ending their lives for a searate
state.
-The /entre then constituted a 've-member /ommittee on %
February 5&+&, headed by former :udge Sri!rishna, to loo! into
statehood demand. The /ommittee submitted its reort to the
/entre on %& 8ecember 5&+&.
-Telagana region witnessed a series of agitations li!e the Million
March, /halo Assembly and Sa!ala:anula Samme 2general
stri!e3 in 5&++-+5 while M4As belonging to diEerent arties ?uit
from the House.
-<ith its MPs from Telangana uing the ante, /ongress made
7nion Home Ministry to convene an all-arty meeting on8ecember 5, 5&+5 to 'nd an amicable solutionQ to the crisis.
.u##ent Scena#!o
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-The 4o! Sabha assed the Andhra Pradesh 0eorganisation Act,
5&+D, which bifurcates the State of Andhra Pradesh into
Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, on + th February 5&+D and on
5& th February 5&+D by the 0a:ya Sabha. The President of ndia
attested the bill on +st
March 5&+D. The aointed day for theformation of the new states was 5 nd #une 5&+D.
Hyderabad will serve as the common caital for both states for
+& years. Thereafter, it will be in Telangana. However, the
Seemandhra caital is e(ected to come u in a coule of years
R most robably between =untur and Ki:ayawada 2two ma:or
towns searated by about %!ms3. Till then, the government
buildings in Hyderabad will be shared by the two states.
y(e#aba( State /194856
From <i!iedia, the free encycloediaThis article is about a State of the Indian Union 1948–1956. For other uses, see Hderabad !disa"bi#uation$.
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y(e#aba( State /1948 1956
State of ndia
19481956
+6 ma of Southern
ndia showing Hyderabad statein yellowish green. After theStates reorganiBation in +6,regions west of the red and bluelines mergedwith )ombay and Mysorestatesresectively and theremaining art 2 Telangana3 wasmerged with Andhra state toform Andhra Pradesh.
!"to#y
- Hyderabad Stateformed fromHyderabadPrincely State
+D
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- 0eorganiBed andrenamed AndhraPradesh
+6
States of ndia since +DC
Hyderabad state until +6
y(e#aba( State was a state in ndeendent ndia, formed after theaccession of the rincely state of Hyderabad into the ndian 7nion on5D >ovember +D. t e(isted from +D to +6.
Following the States 0eorganisation Act Hyderabad State was mergedwithAndhra State in +6 and renamed Andhra Pradesh.L+
.ontent"
Lhide
• + History
• 5 Military =overnor
•
% 0a:ramu!h
• D First Aointed /hief Minister
• First Ilected /hief Minister
• 6 8istricts of Hyderabad State
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• C Merger with Andhra State
• /hief Ministers of Hyderabad State
• 0eferences
HistoryLedit
%ain article& '(eration )olo
Ope#at!on olo, the code name of the Hyderabad GPolice ActionGL5
L% was a military oeration in Setember +D in which the ndianArmed Forcesinvaded the State of Hyderabad and overthrew its >iBam,anne(ing the state into the ndian 7nion.
At the time of the Partition of ndia, the rincely states of ndia, who inrincile had self-government within their own territories, were sub:ect
tosubsidiary alliances with the )ritish, giving them control of theire(ternal relations. n the ndian ndeendence Act +DC the )ritishabandoned all such alliances, leaving the states with the otion of oting for full indeendence. However, by +D almost allhad acceded to either ndia or Pa!istan. $ne ma:or e(cetion was thatof Hyderabad, where the >iBam, $sman Ali han, Asif #ah K, a Muslimruler who resided over a largely Hindu oulation, choseindeendence and hoed to maintain this with an irregular armyrecruited from the Muslim aristocracy, !nown as the 0aBa!ars.LD;55D The>iBam was also beset by the Telengana urising, which he was unable
to sub:ugate.LD;55D
The ndian government, an(ious to avoid what it termeda)al!aniBation of what had been the ndian Imire, was determined onthe integration of Hyderabad into the new ndian 7nion. LD;55% Amidstatrocities by the 0aBa!ars, the ndian Home Minister SardarPateldecided to anne( HyderabadL in what was termed a GoliceactionG. The oeration itself too! 've days, in which the 0aBa!ars weredefeated easily.L6
The oeration led to massive violence on communal lines. The ndian
rime minister #awaharlal >ehru aointed a commission !nown asthe Sunderlal /ommittee. ts reort, which was not released until 5&+%,concluded that Gas a conservative estimate...5C,&&& to D&,&&& eolehad lost their lives during and after the olice action.GL6 $ther scholarshave ut the 'gure at 5&&,&&&, or even higher.LC
Military =overnorLedit
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Ma:or =eneral Il Idroos 2at right3 oEers his surrender of the Hyderabad
State Forces to Ma:or =eneral 2later =eneral and Army /hief3 #. >.
/hauhuri atSecunderabad.
After the Anne(ation into the ndian 7nion, Ma:or =eneral #. >./haudhuri who led $eration Polo stayed on as Military =overnor till8ecember +D.
The state witnessed Mul!hi agitation in +5 by the locals after agovernment :obs meant for the locals were given to non-locals.
0a:ramu!hLedit
Hyderabad State had its last >iBam, HIH Mir $sman Ali han 2b. +6
-d. +6C3 as0a:ramu!h from 56 #anuary +& to %+ $ctober +6.First Aointed /hief MinisterLedit
After the Anne(ation of Hyderabad State into ndia, M. . Kellodi wasaointed the /hief Minister of the state on 56 #anuary +&. He was aSenior /ivil servant in the =overnment of ndia. He administered thestate with the hel of bureaucrats fromMadras state and )ombay state.
The >iBam was given the ceremonial osition of G0a: Pramu!hG orG=overnorG.
First Ilected /hief MinisterLeditn the 'rst State Assembly election in ndia, +5, 8r. )urgula0ama!rishna 0ao was elected /hief minister of Hyderabad State.8uring this time there were violent agitations by some Telanganites tosend bac! bureaucrats from Madras state, and to strictly imlement"Mul!i-rules"24ocal :obs for locals only3, which was art of Hyderabadstate law since ++.L
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8istricts of Hyderabad StateLedit
Administratively, Hyderabad State was made u of si(teen districts,groued into four divisions;
•
Aurangabad 8ivision included Aurangabad, )eed, >anded,and Parbhani districts*
• =ulbarga 8ivision included )idar 8istrict, =ulbarga, $smanabad,and 0aichur 8istrict*
• =ulshanabad 8ivision or Meda! 8ivision included Atraf-i-)aldah 2Hyderabad3, Mahbubnagar district, Meda! district,>algondadistrict 2>algundah3, and >iBamabad districts, and
•
<arangal 8ivision included Adilabad, arimnagar,and <arangal districts 2resent hammam district was art of <arangal district3.
Merger with Andhra StateLedit
n +6 during the 0eorganisation of the ndian States based alonglinguistic lines, the Telugu-sea!ing region of the state of HyderabadState was merged with Andhra State. The Marathi sea!ing region wasmerged with )ombay state and annada sea!ing region with MysoreState.
The States 0eorganisation /ommission 2S0/3 was not in favour of animmediate merger of Telugu sea!ing Telanganaregion of Hyderabadstate with Andhra state, desite their common language. Para %C of the S0/ reort said 'ne of the (rinci(al causes of o((osition of *ishalandhra also see"s to be the a((rehension felt b theeducationall bac+ard (eo(le of Telan#ana that the "a besa"(ed and e-(loited b the "ore adanced (eo(le of the coastalareas.
Andhra state and Hyderabad State were merged to form Andhra
Pradesh on + >ovember +6, after roviding safeguards to Telanganain the form of =entlemen"s agreement. )ut in #une 5&+D, Telangana re-emerged as a searate state.Hyderabad /ity will continue to be thecaital of both Andhra Pradesh and Telangana for +& years.
/hief Ministers of Hyderabad StateLedit
• Ma:or =eneral /houdhary - Military =overnor +D-+D
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• M. . Kellodi - +&-+% 2aointed by =overnment of ndia3
• )urgula 0ama!rishna 0ao - +%-6 2elected3
*!"to#!cal p*oto o$ aaa#" !n %elan&ana, c!#ca
1948 The 0aBa!ars of the erstwhile >iBam"s state of Hyderabad were
resonsible for the massacre, rae and forcible conversions of
hundreds of thousands of Hindus in the 8eccan before the GPolice
actionG liberated Hyderabad state and integrated it into the ndian
7nion.
Some of the 0aBa!ars 1ed to Pa!istan. Most of them shamelessly
remained in ndia and were never brought to :ustice - yet another
accomlishment of erverted >ehruvian secularism. They :ust
regroued and rebranded themselves as the MM, the arty led by the
bigoted, seditious, bloodthirsty and genocidal $waisis.
t is these modern day 0aBa!ars who are being
aeased, mollycoddled and encouraged by the government of Telangana - a state achieved due to the sacri'ces of thousands of
activists, whose martyrdom is insulted and betrayed by their
government"s shameful collaboration with #ihadi traitors.
s this what /0"s daughter and 4o! Sabha M.P . avitha meant by her
idiotic and seditious statement to the eEect that "Kashmir and
Telangana were both annexed by India".
Her seditious oison violates the memory of these Telangana martyrs
who were massacred by the 0aBa!ars.
This included a few Hyderabadi Muslims as well - atriots, who
suorted accession to the ndian 7nion. $ne such rominent erson
was the :ournalist S*oa!bulla* *an, whose hands the 0aBa!ars cut
oE as unishment for writing in favour of ndia.
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%elan&ana: a b#!e$ *!"to#y
+5
First elections held in Hyderabad State.
States 0eorganisation /ommission, +%
+6
"#ai Telangana" movement for searate statehood to Telangana began.
$ver %&& eole !illed in olice 'ring.
+C
)#P suorted demand for Telangana state* in + election, it
romised "one vote two states".
5&&+
/handrashe!har 0ao formed the Telangana 0ashtra Samithi 2T0S3 torevive the Telangana movement. He ?uit the Membershi of AP
4egislative Assembly and the ost of 8euty Sea!er of AP 4egislature
while 1oating the Party.
5&&
T0S contested elections in alliance with T8P but its tally came down to
two 4o! Sabha and +& assembly seats.
Feb %, 5&+&
/entre set u 've-member Sri!rishna /ommittee headed by 0etd. S/
:udge )> Sri!rishna to loo! into Telangana issue.
<ith the 4o! Sabha assing the bill for bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh
on Feb +, 5&+D, dec!s have been cleared for formation of Telangana
as the 5th state in 7nion of ndia. Following are the ma:or events in
the history of Telangana since +D.
+Dndia"s 5th State
ndian Army anne(es rincely state of Hyderabad, which comrised
diEerent regions including Telangana.
1950
Telangana became Hyderabad State.
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S0/ was a body constituted by the /entral =overnment of ndia in
+% to recommend the reorganiBation of state boundaries. n +,
after nearly 5 years of study, the /ommission recommended that
ndia"s state boundaries should be reorganiBed to form +6 states and %
union territories.
1956
>ov +; Telangana merged with Andhra State, which was carved out of
Madras State, to form Andhra Pradesh, a united state for Telugu-
sea!ing eole.
G#ai AndhraG movement began in /oastal Andhra for creation of a
searate Andhra state following a Sureme /ourt order uholdingGMul!iG rules 2which reortedly barred those from non-Telangana
regions to comete for osts in Hyderabad3.
1972
1975
Presidential order issued to imlement Si( Point Formula, roviding
some safeguards to Telangana.
2004
T0S fought elections in alliance with /ongress, wins 've 4o! Sabha and
56 assembly seats. They came to ower in AP on the bac! of a strong
discontent against the /handrababu >aidu-led T8P government.
The /ongress-led 7PA =overnment at the /entre included the
Telangana issue in its /ommon Minimum Programme 2/MP3 in 5&&D.
However, there was not much forward movement on the statehood
issue in the ne(t few years.
2008
T8P 2Telugu 8esam Party3 announced suort for the Telangana
demand.
/hief minister 9 S 0a:ase!hara 0eddy died in a helicoter crash,
triggering olitical uncertainty and subse?uently led to the resurrection
of T0S and its Telangana agenda.
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Se 5, 5&& /handrase!hara 0ao 2T0S President3 began fast-unto-
death for formation of a searate Telangana state.
Oct 2009
The /entre 2under the then 7nion Home Minister P. /hidambaram3
announced decision to initiate the rocess for formation of Telangana
state.
Dec 9, 2009
Following rotests in 0ayalaseema and Andhra regions 2Seemandhra3
and en mass resignations of MPs and state legislators, centre ut the
rocess on hold citing need for consensus.
Dec 23, 2009Dec 2010
Sri!rishna committee submitted its reort, suggested si( otions;
!eeing the State united was its referred otion.
t oined that the Telangana State was economically viable but
referred maintaining the status ?uo !eeing in view the larger
scheme of things.
t gave a sulementary note in a sealed cover reortedly detailing the
law and order imlications, including the ossible escalation of
e(tremism.
S#!#!"*na .o!ttee, 2010
7PA coordination anel and /ongress <or!ing /ommittee decided to
carve out Telangana state. Protests in Seemandhra.
#uly %&, 5&+%
$ctober 5&+%$ct %; 7nion cabinet aroved the roosal to divide Andhra Pradesh.
A =rou of Ministers 2=oM3 headed by Sushil umar Shinde was
constituted to reare the roadma after consultations with all
sta!eholders.
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;N D)-.S OF <o; t did not include !ey Ministers li!e
<ater 0esources, Power and H08, and did not consist of a single
Minister from the state.
$ct 5; /hief minister > iran umar 0eddy raised banner of revolt
against /ongress leadershi. He wrote letters to resident and rime
minister urging them to sto bifurcation rocess.
8ec ; 7nion cabinet aroved draft Andhra Pradesh 0eorganisation
)ill 5&+% reared on the basis of recommendations by the =oM. )ill
sent to President Pranab Mu!her:ee with a re?uest to ma!e a reference
to Andhra Pradesh legislature to obtain its views under Article % of the
/onstitution.
Dec 9; The President gave time till #an 5% to the state legislature to
give its views.
Dec 23; Following rotests in 0ayalaseema and Andhra regions
2Seemandhra3 and en mass resignations of MPs and state legislators,
centre ut the rocess on hold citing need for consensus.
Dec, 2013
Jan 8, 2014: After disrutions for several days, debate 'nally began
on the bill in assembly and council.
Jan 21, 2014; State government sought four more wee!s to debate
the bill. The President gave one wee!.
#an 5C, 5&+D; /hief minister iran umar 0eddy gave notice to
assembly sea!er for a resolution to re:ect the bill.
#an %&, 5&+D; Amid ruc!us, both houses of state legislature assed by a
voice vote o@cial resolutions, re:ecting the bill and aealing to the
President not to send the bill to arliament.
#anuary 5&+D
February 5&+D
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Feb , 5&+D; /hief minister staged sit-in in 8elhi to oose bifurcation.
Feb C, 5&+D; 7nion cabinet cleared the bill and re:ected Seemandhra
leaders" demand to ma!e Hyderabad a union territory. )ill sent to the
President for his aroval to table it in arliament.
Feb ++, 5&+%; /ongress e(elled si( MPs from Seemandhra for moving
no-con'dence motion against government.
Feb +%, 5&+D; )ill introduced in 4o! Sabha amid clashes between MPs
from Seemandhra and Telangana. 4 0a:agoal, a MP from Seemandhra,
used eer sray in the house. Sea!er susended +6 MPs including
0a:agoal for rest of the session.
Feb +, 5&+D; 4o! Sabha asses Telangana bill.
#une 5, 5&+D; Aointed day for bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh.
Telangana, the 5th state of the 7nion will come into e(istence.
#une 5&+D
G)oth regions will bene'tG
M. odandaram, chairman, Telangana #oint Action /ommittee 2#A/3, is
of the view that;
The division of the State is in the best interests of Telangana and
Andhra as both regions will bene't because of a shift in the focus of
develoment.
0eal estate in and around Hyderabad constituted the sole develoment
arameter of the leadershi in the integrated State, which destroyed
livelihood oortunities of the eole. The bene'ts were cornered only
by the roertied class in the rocess.
After the division the focus would shift to the economic needs such as
agriculture and the economic situation in both regions would imrove.
Also, real estate in the coastal and 0ayalaseema districts would ic!
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u.
The movement for Telangana had activated the middle class, which
otherwise rarely showed any concern for other sections of eole.
GThreat to FederalismG
Pra!ash arat;
The linguistic basis is the main rincile on which the federal system
oerates.
Federal structure functions on homogeneous, well-de'ned States
)rea!ing u of e(isting linguistic States U creation of smaller Statesleads to wea!ening of the federal structure.
t will lead to the /entre dominating the States.
The owers and rights of the States will get wea!ened further if the
identity and role of linguistic States are wea!ened.
Pra!ash arat, general secretary of the /ommunist Party of ndia
2Mar(ist3 is of the view that;
The decision to form Telangana has been ta!en with electoral
calculations for the 4o! Sabha olls, given the fact that the /ongress
arty has lost ground in the State as a whole.
The ).>. Sri!rishna /ommittee which was set u to loo! into the issue,
had submitted its reort on Telangana in #anuary 5&++. Two and a half
years assed before the /entral government too! a decision.
Strategic timing of the decision
Ichos in other states
The /ongress leadershi and the /entral government were well aware
of the demands for searate States and the agitation for them when
they too! the decision on Telangana. After the bifurcation of Andhra
Pradesh, the demand for other states was bound to come u again.
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For e(amle, Maharashtra where there is a demand for Kidharbha,
<est )engal where =or!haland is being demanded, or in Assam where
the agitation for )odoland has been going on.
+. =or!ha #anamu!ti Morcha 2=#M3, the single most owerful olitical
force in the 8ar:eeling Hills of <est )engal, is renewing its demand for
=or!haland - The demand for a searate State of =or!haland is the
oldest demand in the country* but it is being sidelined by the
Telangana movement.
5. n the wa!e of Telangana, )odo grous have revived their movement
see!ing the creation of a )odoland. n arbi Anglong Hill district, the
/entreJs decision has surred a violent assertion for the creation of aState comrising the twin hill districts of AssamVarbi Anglong and
8ima Hasao. och 0a:bangsi grous, too, have announced an agitation
rogramme demanding amataur State comrising + districts of
Assam and si( districts of north )engal. Some of these districts have
been claimed by the )odoland movement too.
%. n the Kidarbha region, the creation of a searate State has been
demanded, saying that it is the only way to liberate it from the
debilitating gri of bac!wardnessQ. Farming is a ma:or source of
emloyment in the region. $f around +& la!h hectares of arable land
there, more than two la!h ha has no access to irrigation. $f the
estimated two la!h suicides by farmers in Maharashtra, about C& er
cent too! lace in Kidarbha.
D. A clutch of organisations and individuals that have for long
chamioned the cause of four States to be carved out of 7ttar Pradesh
VHarit Pradesh, )undel!hand, Purvanchal and Awadh PradeshVhave
revived their demands in the conte(t of the Telangana announcement.
8emand for other states;
8emand for other states;
Telangana; The road ahead
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Hyderabad to be made the common caital of the two States,
Telangana and residuary Andhra Pradesh, for a eriod of +& years.
t has been incororated in the )ill that Telangana State will have +C of
the D5 4o! Sabha seats and ++ of the 5D Assembly constituencies
until the ne(t delimitation ta!es lace.
Ilaborate rearatory wor!s relating to ersonnel, 'nance and
distribution of assets and liabilities remain to be done.
Paerwor!; roblematic and time consuming; t too! % months for the
=ovt. to create 7ttara!hand, #har!hand and /hhattisgarh in >ov 5&&&.
Pro'le of Telangana
.a##y ;n(!a <u!(e on your Mobile - Do=nloa( our F/00 Mobile A
•
•
•
•
• 4
Telengana is a newly constituted state in Southern region of ndia. A
ma:or art of Telangana was art of rincely state of Hyderabad
2Meda! and <arangal 8ivisions3, when it was ruled by >iBams under
)ritish rule till +DC and later until +D. n +6, Andhra Pradesh was
merged with Telangana region after dissolution of Hyderabad state and
Andhra Pradesh was formed. However, Telangana became the 5th
state of ndia on #une 5, 5&+D.
The caital of Telangana state is Hyderabad and it comrises of +&
districts. Hyderabad will serve as the :oint caital of Andhra
Pradesh and Telangana for the ne(t +& years.
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)ordering states include $disha and /hhattisgarh to the
north, Maharashtra and arnata!a to the west and Andhra Pradesh
towards the south and east. Ma:or cities of Telangana are
Hyderabad, <arangal, >iBamabad and arimnagar.
History of Telangana
The history of Telangana is rife with olitical movements which led to
merger of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana region and much later the
formation of a searate state of Telangana.
After ndia )ecame indeendent in +DC, the >iBam of Hyderabad who
was a Muslim ing desired Hyderabad State to remain indeendent
under secial rovisions given to rincely states. $n Setember +C,+D, in an oeration led by ndian Army - that is, $eration Polo, the
=overnment of ndia assimilated Hyderabad state. Hyderabad.
n +5, there was a ">on-Mul!i Agitation" 2mul!i means locals3
agitating against the fact that most :obs were ta!en by eole from
/oastal Andhra. They agitated shouting slogans li!e "dli Sambar go
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bac!" and ">on-Mul!i go bac!" .
n +%, States 0eorganiBation commission was formed for creation of
states on linguistic lines.
t was recommended to disintegrate Hyderabad state and merge
Marathi sea!ing region with )ombay state and annada sea!ing
region with Mysore state.4ater, in +6, an agreement was reached
between Telangana leaders and leaders in Andhra Pradesh for merging
both Telangana and Andhra Pradesh and romises for safe guarding
Telangana"s interests - =entleman"s Agreement. 7ni'ed Andhra
Pradesh was constituted on >ovember +, +6.
Telangana agitation arose in +6 a battle between students and the=overnment. This is not the same as Telangana 0ebellion which was a
easant revolt and too! lace in rincely state of Hyderabad sometime
between +D6 and ++ and led by /ommunist Party of ndia. 2/P3.t
was a revolt by farmers and labourers against the feudal landlords
2:agirdars and deshmu!hs3 and later against !ing of Hyderabad State.
Many movements have ta!en lace for revo!ing merger of Andhra
Pradesh and Telangana. These include Telangana Movements in +6,
+C5 and 5&&. Many stri!es and rotests mar! the demand forsearate statehood.
$n #uly %&, 5&+%, a unanimous resolution was assed by the /ongress
<or!ing /ommittee for recommendation of the formation of Telangana
state. The )ill was laced and subse?uently assed in the Parliament
on February 5&+D for the formation of Telangana state. After assent
from the President the )ill was ublished in the gaBatte on March +,
5&+D.
Telangana state was o@cially formed on 5 #une 5&+D. alva!untla
/handrashe!ar 0ao 2from Telangana 0ashtra Samiti arty3 was elected
as the 'rst /hief Minister of Telangana state. 2.l!c on t*e !a&e $o#
an enla#&e( v!e= on Fact" about %elan&ana
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l"o ea(: History of Hyderabad | History of <arangal
D!( you no=+
Though ndia got freedom on +th August, +DC, the eole of
Telangana tasted real freedom from the rule of >iBam on +Cth
Setember, +DW
=eograhy of Telangana State
Telangana is situated on the 8eccan Plateau and is drained by two
ma:or rivers =odavari and rishna, though most of the land is
arid.$ther minor rivers which drain Telangana include Manair, )hima,
8indi, innerasani, Man:eera, Munneru, Moosi, Penganga, Praanahita,
Peddavagu and Talieru.
>orthern Telangana receives around && to +&& mm while Southern
Telangana receives somewhere between C&& to && mm rainfall. D
of the forest area of Andhra Pradesh is located in 've districts of
Telangana.The climate of Telangana state id hot and dry. March to MAy
are hot months while #une to Setember are monsoon months.
>ovember to february are winter months.
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There is a considerable forest area around Hyderabad city. >ehru
Xoological ar!, asu )rahmananda 0eddy >ational Par!, Man:ira
<ildlife Sanctuary, otla Ki:ayabhas!ara 0eddy )otanical =ardens,
Shamiret 4a!e, Hussain Sagar 4a!e, Fo( Sagar 4a!e, Mir Alam Tan!and Patancheru 4a!e. ndian /ouncil of Forestry 0esearch and
Iducation, the nternational /ros 0esearch nstitute for the Semi-Arid
Troics 2/0SAT3, the Telangana Forest 8eartment, Animal <elfare
)oard of ndia are institutions engaged in reservation and rotection
of environment and wildlife.
Adilabad is the second largest district in the Telangana state. 0anga
0eddy 8istrict occuies an area which can be comared to Paua >ew
=uinea"s >ew relandW $sman Sagar is a fresh water reservoir on riverMusi and is also a source of drin!ing water for Hyderabad.
D!( you no=+
Sacred groves are small areas of forest reserved by local
eole.There are 6 sacred groves Telangana.
hammam receives more rainfall than other districts in Telangana.However, hammam is aEected by the 1oods of Munneru, the tributary
of rishna 0iver.
rishna, Musi 0iver, Aleru, Peddavagu, 8indi Halia 0iver and Paleru
rivers 1ow through >algonda district.Minerals in the district include
4imestone, blac! and color =ranites.
=odavari 0iver enters Telangana state from >iBamabad district at
andha!urthi.
l"o ea(: =eograhy of Hyderabad Y >atural 0esources of
Hyderabad Y =eograhy of <arangal Y =eograhy of Adilabad
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%*e#e a#e t*#ee Nat!onal a#" !n %elan&ana -
• asu )rahmananda 0eddy >ational Par! in Hyderabad district
• Mahavir Harina Kanasthali >ational Par! in 0anga 0eddy district.
•
Mrugavani >ational Par! in 0anga 0eddy district.)!l(l!$e Sanctua#!e" !n %elan&ana !nclu(e-
• )a#an&al (!"t#!ct; Iturunagaram <ildlife Sanctuary and Pa!hal<ildlife Sanctuary.
• (!laba( (!"t#!ct: awal <ildlife Sanctuary and Pranahita<ildlife Sanctuary.
• *aa (!"t#!ct; innerasani <ildlife Sanctuary.
• e(a (!"t#!ct: Man:ira <ildlife Sanctuary.
• Nal&on(a an( a*bubna&a# (!"t#!ct":>agar:unsagar-
Srisailam Tiger 0eserve.• e(a an( N!aaba( (!"t#!ct":Pocharam <ildlife Sanctuary.
• a#!na&a# (!"t#!ct: Shivaram <ildlife Sanctuary.
• (!laba( an( a#!na&a# (!"t#!ct":Siwaram <ildlifeSanctuary
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Minerals in Telangana
Today, many rivate and multinational comanies are setting u
industries in Telangana for taing the natural resources available in a
sustainable way while also contributing to its economic growth. <hat is
needed is develoment of storage systems, infrastructural facilities as
well as systematic e(loration of these metallic, non-metallic andradioactive mineral resources and other mining activities.
Metallic minerals such as /hromite 2found as 1oat ore3 is available in
hammam district. Mailaram area in this district is !nown for /oer
mineraliBation. Alluvial gold is found in the region near con1uence of
innerasani river with the =odavari in hammam district and also near
Mangamet in <arangal district.
Manganese ore is found in Adilabad district in regions around
=owlighat, =oat!ur, #amdaur and /handa. t is also found in 0atamet
and andali in the >iBamabad district.
>on-metallic minerals found in districts of Telangana include asbestos,
amethyst, ?uartB and barytes. Amethyst occurs at 0amanaalli near
Siddiet 2Meda! district3 and Abdul >agaram, Me!algattu and
Peddaadu in <arangal district.
)uilding stones and diEerent varieties of roc!s such as granite,
dolerite, amhibolite, sandstone and marble are utiliBed in buildings
and are found in <arangal, hammam, arimnagar, 0angareddy
districts. This is also the reason why so many olishing units are
oerational in these districts. hammam district is esecially !nown for
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the resence of white marble. A number of such ?uarries are also
found in and around Hyderabad city which suly with road metal.
5 Interesting Facts of Telangana that you should know
• The demand for Telangana is as old as the state of Andhra
• The last time new states were created was in 5&&& whichwere #har!hand, 7ttara!hand and /hhattisgarh.
• P K >arasimha 0ao, ndia"s ninth rime minister, was anative of Telangana.
•$smania 7niversity was the focal oint of the Telangana
movement
• Telangana is ndiaJs +5th largest by oulation with %.5million eole, almost that of /anada.
Adilabad district 2Panchagoan, 0alaet and atterala villages3 has
deosits of white clay which is used for ma!ing low grade ottery. /lay
deosits near Hyderabad city are used for ma!ing orcelain-ware. Such
deosits are found in areas near =olconda fort and south of the
utubshahi tombs. <hite residual clay is found in She!aur village and=ambiret in Meda! dstrict. >algonda district has occurrence of clay in
regions around /hintriyal while >iBamabad district has this natural
resource in onasamudram.
Iveryone !nows about /oal bearing =ondwana roc!s which occuy
arts of the Adilabad, arimnagar, hammam, >iBambad and <arangal
districts. Kery good ?uality 1u( grade dolomite is found in areas around
0aghunathaalem, Madharam, Kemulanarava in hammam district.
a(!oact!ve !ne#al" !n %elan&ana
8eosits of vein ?uartB occur near u!atalli, =hamsabad, Timmaur
near Hyderabad city. =lass-grade vein ?uartB occurs in Tadealle in the
hammam district, region around Shadnagar railway station in
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Mahabubnagar district and at Andole and Palamet in Meda! district.
=lass-grade ?uartB ?uarries can also be found in /himara:uenta in
>iBamabad district.
Telangana is, no doubt, rich in mineral resources. <ith roer survey,detailed information about area of resence of various mineral
resources, sustainable e(loration, the state can develo into one of
the many economically well develoed states in ndia. 7ranium mineral
can be utiliBed for sourcing electric ower in the state. Iconomic and
environmental laws must be imlemented in a stringent manner.
Mineral based industries must be attracted in the state which may
include industries li!e fertiliBers, glass, abrasives and refractory etc.
Da" an( e"e#vo!#" !n %elan&ana
8ams rovide drin!ing water, hydroelectric and rrigation facilities.
8ams and reservoirs located in Telangana are as follows -
Na&a#>una Sa&a# Da /-u!lt !n
1967: >agar:una Sagar 8am is a masonry dam on the rishna 0iver
at >agar:una Sagar in the border of >algonda district of Telangana
State and =untur 8istrict of Andhra Pradesh State. >agar:una Sagar
dam is one of the earliest ones of ndia and sulies water for irrigation
uroses and hydro ower generation to the state.
N!a Sa&a# Da /-u!lt !n 1923: >iBam
Sagar is a reservoir constructed across the Man:ira 0iver 2tributary of
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the =odavari 0iver3 between Achamet and )an:aalle villages of the
>iBamabad district in Telangana.
aa&un(a Da: 0amagundam 8am is an
irrigation ro:ect on the =odavari 0iver in arimnagar 8istrict in
Telangana.
S!n&u# Da /-u!lt !n 1989: Singur 8am or
Singoor is located near Sangareddy town of Meda! district in
Telangana.
S#!#a Sa&a# /-u!lt !n 1977: Sriram Sagar
0eservoir on the =odavari 0iver between Adilabad and >iBamabad
districts
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?o=e# ana!# Da /-u!lt !n 1985: 8rin!ing
water for arimangar, <arangal and rrigation3. 4ower Manair 0eservoir
on the canal of Sriram Sagar Pro:ect 2S0SP3 in arimnagar district.
Ju#ala #o>ect /-u!lt !n 1995: #urala 0eservoir
on the rishna 0iver in Mahbubnagar district.
$ther dams in Telangana include 8indi 0eservoir, 8ummagudem,
Illammalli, Himayath Sagar 2reservoir in Hyderabad3, cchamally
Pro:ect 2on river =odavari3 and an interstate ro:ect of Telangana,
Maharashtra, /hattisgarh - oil Sagar is a 8am in Mahbubnagar district
on =odavari river.
Iconomy of Telangana
Agriculture is the main source of economy in Telangana. The rivers
=odavari and rishna aid in irrigation. 4ocal cros include rice, cotton,
mango and tobacco. Sun1ower and eanuts are also grown for
roducing oil. Multi-state irrigation ro:ects include =odavari 0iver
)asin rrigation Pro:ects and >agar:una Sagar 8am which is the world"s
highest masonry dam. Hyderabad is the main source of revenue as
there is lot of economic activity here.
Hyderabad is !nown for T Par!s and T-enabled services 2TeS3. There
are Secial Iconomic Xones 2SIXs3 in Telangana. Manufacturing units
are based in Hyderabad, 0angareddy, Meda! and >algonda districts.
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Mining, food rocessing, dairy and farming, oultry also aid in economy
of Telangana state.
Hyderabad is the torch-bearer for all other districts in Telangana with
an international airort in lace, educational institutions, s!illedrofessionals, Metro-rail ro:ect, suitable weather, T Par!s and
infrastructural growth.
>irmal wooden toys and 8ho!ra casting crafts of Adilabad are famous
all over the country. Hyderabad emerged as a harmaceutical and
biotechnology hub and is !nown as G=enome Kalley of ndiaG. "Fab /ity"
and the ">ano Technology ar!" signify infrastructural growth in the
'eld of )io-technology in Hyderabad.
*aa (!"t#!ct is !nown for growing horticultural cros such as
mango, cocoa, banana, coconut, oil alm, cashew, eer etc.
Iconomy of a#!na&a# deends more on agriculture and related
industries such as rice mills, saw, oil, animal husbandry, seed and
other rocessing mills. There are industries which manufacture tiles,
stone dressing and crushing, aer, cement concrete ies etc. Silver
'ligree wor! is famous too. #ammi!unta is an imortant industrial city
in arimnagar district.
Adilabad district, hammam district, Meda! district, <arangal district,
0anga 0eddy district and >iBamabad district are receiving funds
from -ac=a#( e&!on" <#ant Fun( #o&#ae /-<F.
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Since lime stone is readily available in >algonda district and also in theneighbouring =untur district, >algonda is a cement manufacturing
centre in Telangana. There are large number of /ement industries in
>algonda. Miryalaguda in >algonda district is famous for rice mills.
There are many ban!s, few small scale industries and cement and
fertiliBer industries in 0anga 0eddy district.
Soc!ety $o# n(*#a #a(e"* Net=o# /SN% is resently
running D television channels !nown as MA>A TK and one data
channel. These channels rovide distance learning for school
education, telemedicine, e-governance and rural develoment and
agriculture.
Hyderabad is the ma:or source of economy for Telangana state. all
other districts are steering forth in the direction of infrastructural and
industrial develoment.
l"o ea(: Iconomy of Hyderabad Y ndustries in
Hyderabad Y Hyderabad as T Hub YIconomy of <aarngal Y Iconomy of
Adilabad
/ulture of Telangana
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4et us delve deeer and !now more about the cultural heritage,
traditions and society in Telangana. Telangana has inherited its culture
from the a!atiya dynasty"s rule 2++th to +Dth centuries3 and the
Zutub Shahis and >iBams who were rulers of Hyderabad state.
Karious ruling dynasties have delivered diEerent facets in the culture of
this newly formed state - the temle art insired dance form Perini
Sivatandavam, story-telling and roblem solving discussions
through '##u athalu and 2otralu, 3aallis, ghaBals and "ushairas...
<ell, Telangana has ta!en the best from everywhere to have its very
own rich culture and traditionsW
9ou can see a mi( of Telugu traditions and Persian traditions from the
Moghuls and >iBams in the culture of the state. <ith a 8ravidian
language !nown as Telinga, cross cousin marriages, tattoos on their
bodies and customary dhoti worn by men and sari worn by women with
a ring on their second toe, if they are married, society in Telangana
en:oys its cultural traditions and festivals with much alomb.
<omen love to decorate the front yard of their homes with designs on
the ground 2 ola" in Telangana and %u##ulu in A.P.3 and onausicious occasions with mango leaves tied to the orches.
l"o ea(: Hyderabad /ulture Y Hyderabadi )iryani Y /ulture of
Adilabad Y /ulture of <arangal
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%elan&ana .u!"!ne
<ho does not !now about Hyderabadi cuisine believed to be develoed
by Zutb Shahi dynasty and the >iBams of Hyderabad. The aroma of
sices, rice, herbs, coconut, eanuts, tamarind, sesame seeds and
"dum" coo!ing can steal anyone"s heartW Famous dishes include lu!hmi,
Hyderabadi biriyani, mirchi !a salan, Hyderabadi haleem, Hyderabadi
Marag, >ahari, haleem, the mouthwatering !ebabs, esecially the dum
!ebab, boti :hammi, shee!, shi!amur, )agara baingan, Shahi dahi
veda, tomato ?oot, !almi and !ormas.
Fe"t!val" o$ %elan&ana
Telengana celebrates all imortant occasions with much
fanfare. )onalu festival is celebrated to ay obeisance to Mother
=oddess Maha!ali. 0ice with mil! and sugar are oEered to the goddess,
!et in brass vessel or earthen ot and then decorated with neem
branches, vermillion and turmeric. Processions are ta!en out on the
beat of drums and dances.n Secunderabad, =olconda Mahan!ali inside
the =olconda Fort is worshied after which the rocession roceeds to
Mahan!ali temle and )al!amet 9ellamma temle and other arts of
the city. )onalu is celebrated in #uly-August.
-at*uaa is celebrated in SetemberR$ctober for nine days
during 8urga >avratri. =oddess %aha =auri is worshied in the form
of )athu!amma. )onalu and )athu!amma are"tate $e"t!val" of
Telangana.
8iwali, Sadar festival or 8unnaothula anduga 2celebrated on the
second day after 8iwali3, Sama!!a Saralamma Festival, =uru Purnima,
I!adasi Mu!!oti, Shashti Subrahmanya, 7gadi, Sri 0ama >avami,
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arthi!a Purnima, Kinaya!a /haviti, Hanuma::ayanti, 0atha Satami,
Ma!ara San!ranti, 8usserah, /haviti >agula, rishnashtami and 0aa!hi
Pournami are other festivals celebrated in Telangana.
Faou" oet" $#o %elan&ana
Mallinatha Suri also !nown as "Kya!hyana /ha!ravarthi", )ammera
Potana 2+D&-++&3, Somanna, Suravaram Pratha 0eddy, 8asharadhi,
Katti!ota Alwaru Swami 2who led the 4ibrary movement3,
Padmavibhushan award reciient alo:i.
F!ve %*!n&" @ou u"t no= about %elan&ana
• The demand for Telangana is as old as the state of Andhra• The last time new states were created was in 5&&&; The states
created were #har!hand, 7ttara!hand and /hhattisgarh.
• P K >arasimha 0ao, ndia"s ninth rime minister, was a native of Telangana.
• $smania 7niversity was the eicenter of the Telanganamovement
• Telangana itself is big enough be considered as the %%rd biggestcountry of the world.
#t an( .#a$t o$ %elan&ana
From ma!ing toys, brassware, stone and metal craft, aintings 2using
natural colours3, sarees to hand loom, craftsmen in Telangana are
adet at their wor!. Traditional cloth designing and dying, )an:ara
needle crafts, ondaalli Toys, Keena manufacturing, )ronBe castings,
!at <eaving, 8o!ra Metal /rafts and 4ac?uer ware are also revalent
here. >irmal aintings, sarees
with bidri wor!, ala"+ari wor!, oni 2half saree3 and weaves
of *en+ata#iri,)ocha"(alli and 2adal are mesmeriBingW
Dance an( u"!c !n %elan&ana
/lassical dance form Kuchiudi , !erini 2warrior dance form3 are
famous here. .a#nat!c u"!cis li!ed by the entire oulation and
children start learning when they are very young. Dance $o#" such
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as olattam, )urra!atha, 8au, 4ambada, Keeranatyam,
)hama!alam, 8himsa, Taeta =ullu, )onalu and )utta )ommalu are
famous here.
.ultu#al Fe"t!val" include 8eccan Festival and Kisa!ha Festival. Tiruati Festival, 7gadi Festival, Pongal and 4umbini Festival are also
much loved festivals here. 9ella Ken!atesara 0ao is a renouned
Mridangam layer 2instrumental music3.
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%elan&anaFrom <i!iedia, the free encycloedia
%elan&ana లగణ
State o$ ;n(!a
Seal
Anthem; జయ జయ హ తలగణ జన జయ కనమ
#aya #aya He Telangana #anani #aya!ethanam
4ocation of Telangana 2mar!ed in red3in ndia
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/oordinates 2Hyderabad3; +C.%66[>C.DC[I/oordinates; +C.%66[>C.DC[I
.ount#y ndia
e&!on South ndia
"tabl!"*e( 5 #une 5&+D
.ap!tal Hyderabad\
?a#&e"t c!ty Hyderabad
D!"t#!ct" +&
<ove#nent
A <ove#no# I. S. 4. >arasimhan
A .*!e$ !n!
"te#
alva!untla
/handrashe!ar0ao 2T0S3
A ?e&!"latu#e
)icameral 2++ ] D&seats3
A ?o Sab*acon"t!tuenc!e"
+C
A !&*.ou#t
High /ourt of #udicature at
Hyderabad#eaL+
A %otal ++D,D& !m5 2DD,%D& s? mi3
#ea #an +5th
opulat!on 25&++3L+
A %otal %,+%,C
A an +5th
A Den"!ty %+&O!m5 2C&Os? mi3
Deony Telanganite
%!e one ST 27T/]&;%&3
;SO 3166co(e
>-T=
Be*!cle TSL5
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#e&!"t#at!on
?!te#acy 66.&L+
OCc!allan&ua&e
Telugu, 7rdu
)eb"!te telangana.gov.in
E Temorary #oint /aital with AndhraPradesh
Sybol" o$ %elan&ana
ble a!atiya Toranam,/harminar
?an&ua&e Telugu and 7rdu
Son& #aya #aya He Telangana #anani #aya!ethanam
n!al Sotted deer
-!#( Pala Pitta
Flo=e# Tanged Puvvu
%#ee #ammi tree
%elan&ana 2 ! Ot^l_n`n_O3 is a land loc!ed state in southern ndia. thas an area of ++D,D& !m5 and is the twelfth largest state in ndia.Most of it was art of the rincely state of Hyderabad 2Meda! and<arangal 8ivisions3, ruled by the >iBam of Hyderabad during the )ritish 0a:, :oining the 7nion of ndia in +D. n+6, the Hyderabad state was dissolved as art of the linguisticreorganisation of states, and the Telugu sea!ing art of Hyderabadstate, !nown as Telangana, was merged with former Andhra State toform Andhra Pradesh. $n 5 #une 5&+D, Telangana was formed as a new5th state of ndia, with the city of Hyderabad as its caital.L% Hyderabad will continue to serve as the :oint caital city for AndhraPradesh and Telangana for a eriod of not more than ten years.
Telangana is bordered by the states of Maharashtra, /hhattisgarh tothe north, arnata!a to the west, and Andhra Pradesh to the south,east and north east.t shares small border with $rissa too. LD Telanganahas an area of ++D,D& s?uare !ilometres 2DD,%D& s? mi3, and aoulation of %,56,CC 25&++ census3.L ts ma:or citiesinclude Hyderabad, <arangal,>iBamabad, arimnagar, 0amagundam and hammam.
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Hyderabad state in +&
.ontent"
Lhide
• + Itymology
• 5 History
o 5.+ Iarly history
o 5.5 a!atiya 8ynasty
o 5.% Zutb Shahi and Asaf #ahi"s
o 5.D Post-indeendence
o 5. Telangana 0ebellion
• % States 0eorganisation /ommission
o %.+ Telangana movement
o %.5 Formation of Telangana state in 5&+D
• D =eograhy
o D.+ /limate
o D.5 Icology
D.5.+ >ational Par!s and Sanctuaries
• =overnment and olitics
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• 6 8emograhics
• C Iconomy
o C.+ Agriculture
o C.5 ndustries
o C.% Tourism
• nfrastructure
o .+ Power
o .5 Transort
.5.+ 0oads
.5.5 0ailways
.5.% Airorts
• /ulture
o .+ Monuments
o .5 0eligious tourism
o .% <aterfalls
• +& Iducation
• ++ Sorts
• +5 See also
• +% 0eferences
• +D Further reading
• + I(ternal lin!s
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ItymologyLedit
The name Telangana is thought to have been derived from thewordTrilin#a, as in the Trilin#a esa, which translates to Gthe country of the three lingasG. According to a Hindu legend, Shiva descended in
the lingam form on threemountains, aleshwaram, Srisailam and 8ra!sharama, which mar!edthe boundaries of the Trilin#adesa, latercalled Telin#a, Telun#a orTelu#u.L6LC
The word GTelingaG changed over time to GTelanganaG and the nameGTelanganaG was designated to distinguish the redominantly Telugu-sea!ing region of the erstwhile Hyderabad State from itsredominantly Marathi-sea!ing one, Marathwada.L
$ne of the earliest uses of a word similar to Telangana can also beseen in a name of Mali! Ma?bul 2+Dth century /.I.3, who was calledthe Tilan#ani, which imlies that he was from Tilangana. He was thecommander of the <arangal Fort 2ata+a )ludu3.L
HistoryLedit
%ain article& Histor of Telan#ana
a#ly *!"to#yLedit%ain articles& %aura0"(ire and Sataahana dnast
The Satavahana dynasty had its roots in oti 4ingala on the ban!s of
the=odavari 0iver, in resent-dayarimnagar district
The Satavahana dynasty 25%& )/I to 55& /I3 became the dominantower in the area. t originated from the lands between the =odavari
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and rishna rivers.L+& After the decline of the Satavahanas, variousdynasties, such asthe Ka!ata!a,Kishnu!undina, /halu!ya, 0ashtra!uta and <estern/halu!ya, ruled the area.L++
aat!ya Dyna"tyLedit%ain article& a+atia dnast
aa&!#! $o#t ruins at alvacherlain arimnagar district is an ancientfort initially built by the Sathavahanas and modi'ed many times by
other dynasties till +6th century
ota &ullu,temle ruins built in the +5th century by a!atiyas at
=hanur, Mulug in warangal district
A +Dth century fort ruins at0acha!onda in >algonda district
The Telangana area e(erienced its golden age during the reign of the a!atiya dynasty , which ruled most arts of the resent dayAndhra Pradesh and Telangana from +&% to +%5% /I.L++ 0udrama
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8evi and Prataarudra were rominent rulers from the a!atiyadynasty. The dynasty wea!ened with the attac! of Mali! afur in +%&and was dissolved after the defeat of Prataarudra by the forcesof Muhammad bin Tughlu? in +%5%. L+5L+%
Prior to a!atiyas coming to rule, the region comrising the currentAdilabad or Idlabad 2Idla from =ondi word for eole in the highlandwoods3, arimnagar 2Ilgandal or Ilgondal from =ond3, <arangal2$rangal from =ond and $ru!al from Tamil3, hammam, Meda! and>iBamabad districts were originally inhabitted by the =onds andannadas. $f the annada !ingdoms, <estern /halu!yas anda!ateeyas are most noted. Southern Telangana was wholly annadaat the time. )eginning as subordinates of /halu!yas of )adami, thea!atiyas very raidly disowned their annada origins and began toromote Telugu. a!ateeyas relaced annada with Telugu as o@cialafter gaining the Iastern /halu!yan rovinces which were Telugu. Afterthe fall of the a!ateeyas, Marathi and annada had the mostin1uence after 7rdu. The language of =ondi did not gain rominenceand Telugu established by the a!ateeyas also lost rominence. 4aterthe region was ruled by many Muslim rulers. Prior to the formation of the linguistic states, Adilabad district was called as Sirur-Tandur orAmaldari and it was art of )idar and Marathwada regions at diEerenteriods. Though most of the oulation of Adilabad was still of =ond,7rdu and Marathi origin rior to +6, the region became a art of the Telugu linguistic state. Since +6, Telugu gained rominence andrelaced =ondi, o@cial annada, o@cial Marathi and o@cial 7rduentirely.
utb S*a*! an( "a$ Ja*!G"Ledit
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/harminar in Hyderabad
The area came under the rule of the 8elhi Sultanate in the +Dthcentury, followed by the )ahmani Sultanate. Zuli Zutb Mul!, agovernor of =ol!onda, revolted against the )ahmani Sultanate and
established the Zutb Shahi dynasty in ++. $n 5+ Setember +6C,the =ol!onda Sultanate came under the rule of the Mughalemeror AurangBeb after a year-long siege of the =ol!onda fort. L+D
n +C+5, Zamar-ud-din han was aointed by emeror Farru!hsiyar asthe viceroy of 8eccan with the title 7ia"ul%ul+ 2meaningGAdministrator of the 0ealmG3. He was later recalled to 8elhi, withMubariB han aointed as the viceroy. n +C5D, Zamar-ud-din handefeated MubariB han to reclaim the eccan suba,establishing it asan autonomous rovince of the Mughal emire. He too! the name :sif
;ah, starting what came to be !nown as the Asif #ahi dynasty.L++ He
named the area Hyderabad 8eccan. Subse?uent rulers retained thetitle 7ia" ul%ul+ and were called Asif #ahi niBams or niBams of Hyderabad. The Meda! and <arangaldivisions of Telengana were artof their realm.L+
<hen Asif #ah died in +CD, there was olitical unrest due tocontention for the throne among his sons, who were aided byoortunistic neighbouring states and colonial foreign forces. n +C6,Hyderabad city became the formal caital of the niBams. TheniBam >asir-ud-dawlah, Asaf #ah K signed the Subsidiary Alliance with
the )ritish in +C and lost its control over the state"s defence andforeign aEairs. Hyderabad State became a rincely state amongthe residencies and rovinces of )ritish ndia.L+
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Telangana was the seat of numerous dynasties. /howmahalla
Palace was home to the niBams of Hyderabad.
o"t!n(epen(enceLedit
<hen ndia became indeendent from the )ritish Imire in +DC,the niBam of Hyderabad did not want to merge with the ndian 7nionand wanted to remain indeendent. The =overnment of ndia anne(edHyderabad State on +C Setember +D after a military oerationcalled $eration Polo.L++ t aointed a civil servant,M. . Kellodi, as'rst chief minister of Hyderabad State on 56 #anuary +&. L+6 Headministered the state with the hel of Inglish-educated bureaucratsfrom theMadras and )ombay states, who were familiar with ndiansystems of administration unli!e the bureaucrats of Hyderabad statewho used a comletely diEerent administrative system. The o@ciallanguage of the state was switched from 7rdu to Inglish.
n +5, 8r. )urgula 0ama!rishna 0ao was elected chief minister of theHyderabad State in its 'rst democratic election. 8uring this time, therewere violent agitations by some Telanganites to send the Madras statebureaucrats bac! and imlement a rule by the natives 2"ul+is3 of Hyderabad.L+C
%elan&ana ebell!onLedit%ain article& Telan#ana /ebellion
The %elan&ana ebell!on was a easant revolt suorted bythe communists. t originated in the Telangana regions of theHyderabad state between +D6 and ++, led by the /ommunist Partyof ndia 2/P3. L+
The revolt began in the >algonda district against the feudal lordsof 0eddy andKelama castes. t ?uic!ly sread tothe <arangal and )idar districts. Peasant farmers and labourersrevolted against the local feudal landlords 2 <a#irdars anddesh"u+hs3and later against the niBam $sman Ali han. The violent hase of themovement ended after the =overnment of ndia"s $eration Polo.L+ Starting in ++, the /P shifted to a more moderate strategy of
see!ing to bring communism to ndia within the framewor! of ndiandemocracy.L5&
States 0eorganisation /ommissionLedit
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Hyderabad State 2in yellowish-green3
n 8ecember +%, the States 0eorganisation /ommission 2S0/3 was
aointed to form states on a linguistic basis.
L5+
An agreement wasreached between Telangana leaders and Andhra leaders on 5&February +6 to merge Telangana and Andhra with romises tosafeguard Telangana"s interests.L55 After reorganisation in +6, theregion of Telangana was merged with Andhra State to form AndhraPradesh.
Following this =entlemen"s agreement, the central governmentestablished the uni'ed state of Andhra Pradesh on + >ovember +6.L5%L5DL5 =.$ % of + from the united Andra Pradesh state movedtwo revenue divisions of )hadrachalamand Aswaraoeta from Iast
=odavari to hammam for administrative convenience.%elan&ana oveentLedit%ain article& Telan#ana "oe"ent
There have been several movements to revo!e the merger of Telangana and Andhra, ma:or ones occurring in +6, +C5, and 5&&. The movement for a new state of Telangana gained momentum overthe decades.L56 $n 8ecember 5&& the =overnment of ndiaannounced the rocess of formation of the Telangana state. Kiolentrotests led by eole in the /oastal Andhra and 0ayalseema regions
occurred immediately after the announcement, and the decision wasut on hold on 5% 8ecember 5&&.
n 5&&, the boo! GMy Telugu 0ootsG was ublished by local author>alamotu /ha!ravarthy, arguing strongly against the formation of asearate Telangana State, calling it Ghistorically illegitimate, morallyrerehensible, culturally ruinous, economically disastrous, andstrategically suicidalG.L5C
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The movement continued in Hyderabad and other districts of Telangana.L5 There have been hundreds of claimed suicides, L5 stri!es,rotests and disturbances to ublic life demanding searate statehood.
Fo#at!on o$ %elan&ana "tate !n 2014Ledit
See also& :ndhra )radesh /eor#anisation :ct, =>14
Telangana 2in white3 and Andhra Pradesh 2in yellow3 after bifurcation
$n %& #uly 5&+%, the /ongress <or!ing /ommittee unanimouslyassed a resolution to recommend the formation of a searate Telangana state. After various stages the bill was laced inthe Parliament in February 5&+D. L%& n February 5&+D,Andhra Pradesh0eorganisation Act, 5&+D bill was assed by the Parliament of ndia forthe formation of Telangana state comrising ten districts from north-western Andhra Pradesh.L%+ The bill received the assent of
the President and ublished in the =aBette on + March 5&+D. L%5
The state of Telangana was o@cially formed on 5 #une5&+D. alva!untla /handrashe!ar 0ao was elected as the 'rst chief minister of Telangana, following elections in which the Telangana0ashtra Samiti arty secured ma:ority. L%%Hyderabad will remain as the :oint caital of both Telangana and Andhra Pradesh for a eriod of +&years.L%D
=eograhyLedit
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Andhra Pradesh and Telangana Too Ma
Telangana is situated on the 8eccan Plateau, in the central stretch of the eastern seaboard of the ndian Peninsula. t covers ++D,D& s?uare!ilometres 2DD,%D& s? mi3. The region is drained by two ma:or rivers,with about C of the=odavari 0iver catchment area and about 6 of
the rishna 0iver catchment area, but most of the land is arid.LD Telangana is also drained by several minor rivers such as the )hima,the Man:ira and the Musi.
The annual rainfall is between && to +&& mm in northern Telanganaand C&& to && mm in southern Telangana, from thesouthwest monsoons. Karious soil tyes abound, including chal!as, redsandy soils, dubbas, dee red loamy soils, and very dee b.c. Lclari?cation
needed soils that facilitate lanting mangoes, oranges and 1owers.L% About D of the forest area of revious Andhra Pradesh state is
located in 've districts of Telangana..l!ateLedit
Telangana is a semi-arid area and has a redominantly hot and dryclimate. Summers start in March, and ea! in May with average hightemeratures in the D5 [/ 2+& [F3 range. The monsoon arrives in #uneand lasts until Setember with about C mm 25.C inches3 of reciitation. A dry, mild winter starts in late >ovember and lasts untilearly February with little humidity and average temeratures in the 55R5% [/ 2C5RC% [F3 range.
colo&yLedit The /entral 8eccan Plateau dry deciduous forests ecoregion coversmuch of the state, including Hyderabad. The characteristic vegetationis woodlands of Hardic+ia binata and :lbiia a"ara. $ver & of theoriginal forest cover has been cleared for agriculture, timberharvesting, or cattle graBing, but large bloc!s of forest can be foundin >agar:unsagar-Srisailam Tiger 0eserve and elsewhere. L%6 The more
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humid Iastern Highlands moist deciduous forests cover the Iastern=hats in the eastern art of the state.
Nat!onal a#" an( Sanctua#!e"Ledit
Telangana has three >ational Par!s; asu )rahmananda 0eddy >ational
Par! in Hyderabad district, and Mahavir Harina Kanasthali >ationalPar! and Mrugavani >ational Par! in 0anga 0eddy district.
<ildlife Sanctuaries in Telangana include Iturunagaram <ildlifeSanctuary and Pa!hal <ildlife Sanctuary in <arangal 8istrict, awal Tiger 0eserve and Pranahita <ildlife Sanctuary in Adilabaddistrict, innerasani <ildlife Sanctuary in hammam district, Man:ira<ildlife Sanctuary in Meda! district, >agar:unsagar-Srisailam Tiger0eserve in >algonda andMahbubnagar districts, Pocharam <ildlifeSanctuary in Meda! and >iBamabad districts, Shivaram <ildlifeSanctuary inarimnagar district.
ndian Peafowl 2)ao cristatus3 near Hyderabad
Kiew of )olders at eesaragutta
Sacred groves are small areas of forest reserved by local eole.Sacred groves rovide sanctuary to the local 1ora and fauna. Some areincluded within other rotected areas, li!e adalivanam in>agar:unsagar-Srisailam Tiger 0eserve, but most stand alone. Thereare 6 sacred groves Telangana R two in Adilabad district, thirteen inHyderabad district, four in arimnagar district, four in hammamdistrict, nine in Mahbubnagar district, four in Meda! district, nine in
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>algonda district, ten in0anga 0eddy district, and three in <arangaldistrict.L%C
=overnment and oliticsLedit
%ain articles& 2oern"ent of Telan#ana and )olitics of Telan#ana
See also& @ist of Ahief %inisters of Telan#ana
This section (oe" not c!te any #e$e#ence" "ou#ce".Please hel imrove this section by addcitations to reliable sources. 7nsourced material may challenged and removed. !;ul =>14$
Telangana is governed through a arliamentarysystem of reresentative democracy, a feature the state shares withother ndian states. 7niversal suErage is granted to residents. There
are three branches of government.
+. I(ecutive authority is vested in the /ouncil of Ministers headedby the /hief Minister, although the titular head of government isthe =overnor. The =overnor is the head of state aointed bythe President of ndia. The leader of the arty or coalition with ama:ority in the 4egislative Assembly is aointed as the /hief Minister by the =overnor, and the /ouncil of Ministers areaointed by the =overnor on the advice of the /hief Minister. The /ouncil of Ministers reorts to the 4egislative Assembly.
5. The legislature, the Telangana 4egislative Assembly andthe Telangana 4egislative /ouncil, consists of elected membersand secial o@ce bearers such as the Sea!er and 8eutySea!er, that are elected by the members. Assembly meetingsare resided over by the Sea!er or the 8euty Sea!er in theSea!er"s absence. The Assembly is bicameral with ++ Membersof the 4egislative Assembly and D& Member of the 4egislative/ouncil. Terms of o@ce run for years, unless the Assembly isdissolved rior to the comletion of the term. The 4egislative/ouncil is a ermanent body with one-third members retiringevery two years.
%. The :udiciary is comosed of the High /ourt of #udicature atHyderabad and a system of lower courts.
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Au(iliary authorities !nown as (anchaats, for which local bodyelections are regularly held, govern local aEairs. The state contributesseats to 4o! Sabha.
The main layers in the regional olitics are the Telangana 0ashtra
Samithi, Telugu 8esam Party and ndian >ational /ongress. Followingthe Telangana 4egislative Assembly Ilection in 5&+D, the Telangana0ashtra Samithi underalva!untla /handrashe!ar 0ao was elected toower.
8emograhicsLedit
See also& @ist of cities in Telan#ana b (o(ulation and @ist of districts inTelan#ana
el!&!on !n %elan&ana
0eligion
Perce
ntHinduism 6
slam +5.D
/hristianity
+.D
$thers &.D
According to the )ac!ward 0egions =rant Fund Programme 5&&R+&,+% bac!ward districts are located in Andhra Pradesh; nine 2all e(cetHyderabad3 are from Telangana and the rest are from other regions.L%
The religious ma!eu of Telangana is 6 Hindu, +5.D Muslim, and+.D /hristian, and &.D others.L%LD&
About CC of the oulation of Telangana sea! Telugu, +5sea! 7rdu, and +% sea! other languages.LD+LD5 )efore +D, 7rduwas the o@cial language of Hyderabad State, and due to a lac! of Telugu-language educational institutions, 7rdu was the language of theeducated elite of Telangana. After +D, once Hyderabad State :oinedthe new 0eublic of ndia, Telugu became the language of government,and as Telugu was introduced as the medium of instruction in schoolsand colleges, the use of 7rdu among non-Muslims decreased.LD%
According to the 5&++ census, Telangana"s literacy rate is 6C.55.LDD Male literacy and female literacy are C.6 and .CCresectively. Hyderabad district leading with &.6and Mahboobnagar district at the bottom with 6.&6. LD
IconomyLedit
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/oal Handling 0oeway nearAswauram, hammam district
%ain article& 0cono" of Telan#ana
The conoy o$ %elan&ana is mainly driven by agriculture. Twoimortant rivers of ndia, the =odavari and rishna, 1ow through thestate, roviding irrigation. Farmers in Telangana mainly deend on rain-
fed water sources for irrigation. 0ice is the ma:or food cro. otherimortant cros are cotton, sugar cane, mango and tobacco are thelocal cros. 0ecently, cros used for vegetable oil roduction suchas sun1ower and eanuts have gained favour. There are many multi-state irrigation ro:ects in develoment, including =odavari 0iver )asinrrigation Pro:ects and>agar:una Sagar 8am, the world"s highestmasonry dam.LD6LDC
The state has also started to focus on the 'elds of informationtechnology andbiotechnology. Telangana is one of to T e(ortingstates of ndia. There are 6 Secial Iconomic Xones in the state.LD
Telangana is a mineral-rich state, with coal reserves at Singareni/olleries.LD
&#!cultu#eLedit
Paddy 'elds in <arangal district
0ice is the ma:or food cro and stale food of the state. $therimortant cros are MaiBe, Tobacco, Mango, /otton and Sugar cane.L& Agriculture has been the chief source of income for the state"seconomy. mortant rivers of ndia, the =odavari,rishna 1ow throughthe state, roviding irrigation. Aart from ma:or rivers, there are small
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rivers as Tunga )hadra, )ima, 8indi, innerasani, Man:eera, Manair,Penganga, Pranahitha, eddavagu and Talieru.There are many multi-state irrigation ro:ects in develoment, including =odavari 0iver )asinrrigation Pro:ectsand >agar:una Sagar 8am, the world"s highestmasonry dam.L+
Agri I(ort Xones for the following roduce are roosed at the lacesmentioned against them;
• =her!ins R Mahaboobnagar, 0angareddy, Meda!, arimnagar, <arangal
• Mangoes and =raes - Hyderabad, 0angareddy, Meda!,Mahaboobnagar
;n(u"t#!e"Ledit
The HTI/ /ity is a ma:or T hub of Hyderabad
See also& Softare industr in Telan#anaSeveral ma:or manufacturing and services industries are in oerationmainly aroundHyderabad. Automobiles and auto comonents industry,sices, mines and minerals, te(tiles and aarels, harmaceutical,horticulture, oultry farming are the main industries in Telangana. L5 nterms of services, Hyderabad is usually nic!named as /yberabad dueto its information technology foray and location of ma:or softwareindustries in the city.L%LD Prior to secession, it contributed + tondia"s and to Andhra Pradesh"s e(orts in T and TIS sectors last5&+%L<ith Hyderabad as in the front line of Telangana"s aims to
romote information technology in ndia, the city boasts the HTI//ity as its remier hub.
The state government is in the rocess of develoing ndustrial Par!sat diEerent laces, for seci'c grous of industries. The e(isting ar!sare Software Par! at Hyderabad, HTI/ /ity for software units, AarelPar! at =undlaochamalli, I(ort Promotion Par! at Pashamylaram,)io-technology ar! at Tur!aally.Lcitation needed
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Hyderabad is also a ma:or site for healthcare related industriesincluding hositals and harmaceutical organiBations such as >iBam"snstitute of Medical Sciences, Aollo Hositals, and 8r. 0eddy"s4aboratories. n addition, Hyderabad based healthcare non-ro'tsinclude the ndian Heart Association, a cardiovascular disease >=$.L6
%ou#!"Ledit
Telangana State Tourism 8eveloment /ororation 2TST8/3 is a stategovernment agency which romotes tourism in Telangana.LC Telangana has a variety of tourist attractions including historicallaces, monuments, forts, water falls, forests and temles.
nfrastructureLedit
o=e#Ledit%ain article& @ist of )oer Stations in Telan#ana
0amagundam Thermal Power station in arimnagar district
Hydel and thermal ower ro:ects in the state meets the owerre?uirements of the State. >umber of new ower ro:ects are comingu in the State which is e(ected to generate additional owercaacity in the state.
%#an"po#tLedit
The state is well connected other states with road, rail and airways.However, since Telangana is landloc!ed, it does not have any seaorts.
oa("Ledit
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Hyderabad $uter 0ing 0oad 2>ehru $003
The Telangana State 0oad Transort /ororation 2TS0T/3 is the ma:orublic transort cororation that connects all the cities and villages.L Mahatma =andhi )us Station 2M.=.).S3 in Hyderabad is one of the
largest bus stand in Asia.L L6& #ubilee )usStation in Secunderabad serves inter city bus services. Asia"sbiggestnter /ity )us Terminal 2/)T3 is being builtin Miyaur 2Hyderabad3, which would house nearly 5&& bus bays andfor ar!ing nearly +,&&& buses.L6+
a!l=ay"LeditSee also& South Aentral /aila one
Secunderabad railway station, a very busy railway :unction in ndia and
head?uarters of South /entral 0ailway
The history of railways in this region dates bac! to the time of niBam of
Hyderabadin +CD.
L65
t oerates under the ausices of the South/entral 0ailway founded in +66. The landmar! building 0ail >ilayamin Secunderabad is the Xonal Head?uarter o@ce of South /entral0ailway. Secunderabad and Hyderabad are the main divisions of South/entral 0ailway that fall in the state.L6%
!#po#t"LeditSee also& @ist of air(orts in Telan#ana
0a:iv =andhi nternational Airort at Shamshabad is an internationalairort serving the city of Hyderabad. t is the largest airort in thestate and one of the busiest airorts in the country. The governmenthas lans to ugrade <arangal Airort,>iBamabadAirortL6D and 0amagundam Airort t also lans to construct airortsinarimnagar and othagudem.L6 <arangal has a domestic airort inMamunooru which was established in the year +%& during >iBameriod. All the e(orts and imorts of ABam #ahi Mills, <arangal weredone through the <arangal Airort.Lcitation needed
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/ultureLedit
%ain article& Aulture of Telan#ana
Telangana culture combines cultural customs from Persian traditions,embedded during rule of the region by the Moghuls, Zutub Shahis and
>iBams, with rominent and redominantly south ndian traditions andcustoms. The State has a rich tradition in classical music, ainting andfol! arts such as )urra !atha, shadow uet show, and erini Shiva Tandavam, =usadi 8ance, olatam.
onuent"Ledit
a!atiya ala Thoranam ,<arangal
/harminar, =olconda Fort, Zutb Shahi Tombs, /howmahallaPalace, Fala!numa Palace,)irla Mandir and )hongir Fort, <arangalFort are some of the monuments in and around Hyderabad.
el!&!ou" tou#!"Ledit
• LAlamur #ogulamba temle 2also !nown as 8a!shina ashi or>avabrahmeshwara Theertha3-a famous temle located in Mahabubnagar 8ist. #ogulamba 2also !nown as 9ogulambaO9ogamba3 is oneof the eighteen Sha!ti eethas
9adagirigutta Temle- a famous temle located in >algonda 8istrict,only D6 !m from Hyderabad.
• )hadrachalam Temle is a temle to 4ord 0ama in the townof )hadrachalam inhammam district.
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• =nana Saraswati Temle is a temle to Saraswati goddess in thetown of )asar inAdilabad district.
• <arangal - The Thousand Pillar Temle, built by the a!atiyadynasty, is one of the oldest temles of South ndia.
• Kemulawada - Sri 0a:a 0a:eswara Swami temle is a very famoustemle also called as 8a!hshina 2South3 asi. This temle was builtby
/halu!ya !ings between the C& A.8 and C% A.8. This town is verybusy and visited by devotees from all over the state for the Shivratrifestival every year. There are few other very old and historic temles inthe town of Kemulawada, arimnagar 8istrict.
•
eesaragutta 0amalingeshwara Swamy temle is very famous.Shivratri is very well celebrated every year.
• 0amaa Temle is an unbelievably architecture located nearMulugu which is C& !m away from <arangal
• $ther religious laces include, Meda! /athedral at Meda!,)uddhist centres at >ela!ondaalli, 8huli!atta Phanigiri andolana!a.L66
)ate#$all"Ledit
untala waterfalls in Adilabad district
untala <aterfall located in untala, Adilabad district, at D metres2+D ft3, is the biggest in the state.
IducationLedit
%ain article& 0ducation in Telan#ana
See also& @ist of institutions of hi#her education in Telan#ana
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Telangana has multile institutes of higher education universities alongwith numerous rimary and secondary schools.The state is home to anumber of institutes, which imart higher education. The 8eartmentof Higher Iducation deals with matters relating to education at variouslevels in the State of telangana
>T <arangal main gate
The =overnment has established 0a:iv =andhi 7niversity of nowledge Technologies 20=7T3 in 5&& to cater to the educational needs of thegifted rural youth of Telangana.L6C The higher education includes manycolleges, universities and research institutes roviding rofessionaleducation in the 'elds of arts, humanities, science, engineering, law,medicine, business, and veterinary sciences, with undergraduate andost graduation.
SortsLedit
See also& @ist of stadiu"s in Hderabad
0a:iv =andhi nternational /ric!et Stadium
Sorts are /ric!et, Tennis, )adminton, abaddi. The Hyderabad cric!etteam is reresented in the 0an:i Trohy and had won twice. The 0a:iv=andhi nternational /ric!et Stadium is the home ground of Hyderabadcric!et team. t hosts international as well as domestic matches. The Sunrisers Hyderabad, an ndian Premier 4eague franchise, is basedin Hyderabad.
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>otable sortsersons from the state are Mohammad ABharuddin, K. K.S. 4a(man,Saina >ehwal, P.K. Sindhu, #wala =utta and =agan >arang,as well as Sania MirBawho has been aointed as the GbrandambassadorG of Telangana.
$ther stadiums include =achibowli Athletic Stadium and =. M. /.)alayogi Athletic Stadium.
Telangana movement
From <i!iedia, the free encycloedia
Part of a series on
%elan&ana oveent
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Telangana region mar!ed in white within
the state of Andhra Pradesh
<ene#al
• History
• Pre-5&&D
2000G"
• 5&&D-5&+&
• Sri!rishna committee
2010G"
• 5&++
• Iarly 5&++
• Mid 5&++
• 4ate 5&++
• 5&+5
K
T
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I
The %elan&ana oveent refers to a eole"s movement for thecreation of a new state of Telangana, from the e(isting state of AndhraPradesh in Southndia. The roosed new state corresonds to
the Telugu-sea!ing ortions of the erstwhile rincely stateof Hyderabad State.After several years of eoles movement The 7PAgovernment has decided to bifurcate the e(isting andhraradesh stateand The 7nion /abinet on C February 5&+D unilaterally cleared the )illfor the creation of Telangana, clearing the way for its introduction inParliament. This has been one of the most longlasting movements inSouth ndiaL+ $n + February, 4o! Sabha assed the )ill with KoiceMa:ority. Subse?uently, the bill was assed by 0a:ya Sabha on 5&February 5&+D.L5 As er the bill, Hyderabad will be the caital of Telangana while the city would also remain the caital of risidual state
of Andhra Pradesh for no more than ten years. The aointed day forthe creation of TelanganaState is 5 #une 5&+D.L%
.ontent"
Lhide
• + History
• 5 Arguments of the Telangana roonents
• % Kiews of olitical arties between 5&& and 5&+%
• D Iarly Telangana rotests 2+6 to +3
• +C to 5&+&
o .+ )ifurcation announcement U rollbac!
• 6 5&+&; Sri!rishna /ommittee
o 6.+ 0elease of the reort and summary of 'ndings
o 6.5 Solutions roosed
o 6.% 0eactions to the reort
• C 5&++
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o C.+ >on-cooeration movement and Million March
o C.5 Mass resignations
o C.% Sa!ala #anula Samme
• 5&+5
o .+ Telangana March
o .5 All Party meeting in 8ecember
• 5&+%
o .+ /halo Assembly
o .5 /ongress /ore /ommittee Meeting
o .% /</ resolution on bifurcation
.%.+ 0eactions
o .D /abinet aroval of Telangana state
• +& Ivents leading to the formation of Telangana
o +&.+ Formation of =rou of Ministers 2=oM3
o +&.5 4egislative Proceedings
• ++ n oular culture
• +5 See also
• +% 0eferences
• +D I(ternal lin!s
HistoryLedit
%ain article& Histor of the Telan#ana "oe"ent
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Ma of ndia with the Telangana region highlighted in red
n 8ecember +%, the States 0eorganiBation /ommission was
aointed to reare for the creation of states on linguistic line.LD Thecommission, due to ublic demand, recommended disintegration of Hyderabad state and to merge Marathi sea!ing region with )ombaystate and annada sea!ing region with Mysore state. The States0eorganisation /ommission 2S0/3 discussed ros and cons of themerger of Telugu sea!ing Telangana region of Hyderabadstate with Andhra state. Paragrah %CD of the S0/ reort said GThecreation of Kishalandhra is an ideal to which numerous individuals andublic bodies, both in Andhra and Telangana , have been assionatelyattached over a long eriod of time, and unless there are strong
reasons to the contrary, this sentiment is entitled to considerationG.8iscussing the case of Telangana, aragrah %C of the S0/ reort saidG$ne of the rincial causes of oosition of Kishalandhra also seemsto be the arehension felt by the educationally bac!ward eole of Telangana that they may be swamed and e(loited by the moreadvanced eole of the coastal areas.G n its 'nal analysis S0/recommended against the immediate merger. n aragrah %6 it saidGAfter ta!ing all these factors into consideration we have come to theconclusions that it will be in the interests of Andhra as well as Telangana, if for the resent, the Telangana area is to constitute into a
searate State, which may be !nown as the Hyderabad State withrovision for its uni'cation with Andhra after the general electionsli!ely to be held in or about +6+ if by a two thirds ma:ority thelegislature of the residuary Hyderabad State e(resses itself in favor of such uni'cation.G
After going through the recommendations of the S0/, the then HomeMinister Pandit =ovind )allabh Pant decided to merge Andhra state and
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Telangana to form Andhra Pradesh state on + >ovember +6 afterroviding safeguards to Telangana in the form of =entleman"sagreement.Lcitation needed
Arguments of the Telangana roonentsLedit
A ma showing several rivers including the =odavari and rishna. )oth
the rivers 1ow into /oastal Andhra and through Telangana
Telangana is the largest of the three regions of Andhra Pradesh state,covering D+.DC of its total area. t is inhabited by D&.D of thestate"s oulation. The following is the brea!u of Andhra Pradesh"srevenue by region L
Sou#cee#centa&e o$ %otal evenue
Telangana2including Hyderabad3 6+.DC
Telangana2e(cluding Hyderabad 8istrict, butincluding arts of =HM/ in suburbs3
5D.%
Hyderabad 8istrict %C.+C
/oastal Andhra +D.C+
0ayalaseema %.&
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/entral =overnment +.6
>ote; The income generated by the caital city of the erstwhile Andhra
Pradesh is a comle( issue with income being generated from allregions. This has caused a lot of confusion in region-wise incomedistribution. Also, after the bifurcation, comanies will ay their ortionof ta(es to Telangana or Seemandhra or both, deending on wherethey oerate2)efore bifurcation, lot of comanies were aying theirta(es in caital city Hyderabad even for their oerations inSeemandhra3.L6LC
Proonents of a searate Telangana state cite erceived in:ustices inthe distribution of water, budget allocations, and :obs. <ithin the stateof Andhra Pradesh, 6. of the catchment area of the rishna
0iver and 6 of the catchment area of the =odavari 0iver are in thelateau region of Telangana and 1owing through the other arts of thestate into bay of )engal. Telangana and non coastal artsof arnata!a and Maharastra states form 8eccan Plateau. Telanganasuorters state that CD.5 of irrigation water through the canalsystem under ma:or irrigation ro:ects goes to the /oastal Andhraregion, while Telangana gets +.5&. The remaining C. goes to the0ayalaseema region.L
As er Kolume- of rishna <ater 8isute Tribunal Award, GThe areawhich we are considering for irrigation formed art of Hyderabad State
and had there been no division of that State, there were betterchances for the residents of this area to get irrigation facilities inMahboobnagar 8istrict. <e are of the oinion that this area should notbe derived of the bene't of irrigation on account of the reorganisationof States.GL
The share of education funding for Telangana ranges from .6 ingovernment-aided rimary schools to %C. in government degreecolleges. The above numbers include the e(enditure in Hyderabad.)udget allocations to Telangana are generally less than +O% of the totalAndhra Pradesh budget. There are allegations that in most years, fundsallocated to Telangana were never sent. Since +6, Andhra Pradeshgovernment established ++ new medical colleges in the state. werein Seemandhra and % were in Telangana. Telangana was notcomensated for lost oortunities because of inward migration of lotof students into Hyderabad from Seemandhra.L+&
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According to Professor #ayashan!ar only 5& of the total =overnmentemloyees, less than +& of emloyees in the secretariat, and lessthan of deartment heads in the Andhra Pradesh government arefrom Telangana* those from other regions ma!e u the bul! of emloyment.LL++L+5 He also alleged that the state was reresented by
Telangana chief ministers for only 6 +O5 years out of over 've decadesof its e(istence, with no chief minister from the region being in owercontinuously for more than 5 +O5 years.L As er Sri!rishna committeeon Telangana, Telangana held the osition of /M for +&. years whileSeema-Andhra region held it for D5 years.L+%
According to the )ac!ward 0egions =rant Fund 5&&R+&, +% bac!warddistricts are located in Andhra Pradesh; nine 2all e(cet Hyderabad3 arefrom Telangana and the rest are from other regions.L+DL+L+6
Proonents of a searate Telangana state feel that
the agreements, lans, and assurances from the legislature and 4o!Sabha over the last 'fty years have not been honoured, and as aconse?uence Telangana has remained neglected, e(loited, andbac!ward. They allege that the e(eriment to remain as one state hasroven to be a futile e(ercise and that searation is the best solution.L+CL+L+
>ote; The above content has been sourced from news articles andarticles. t can only be regarded as oinions of a few eole rather thansolid facts.
Kiews of olitical arties between 5&& and 5&+%LeditMost of the arties in the state changed their stand about Telanganastatehood several times. Here are the stands ta!en by various artiesin the state when the movement was at its ea! between 5&& and5&+%. /ongress arty, the ruling arty at center, too! its 'nal decisionto go ahead with creating the Telangana state in #uly 5&+%.L5&
n arenthesis 2MP seatsOM4A seats from Andhra Pradesh3L5+L55
;n Favo# &a!n"t Neut#al
ndian >ational/ongress2%+O+3 acg
All ndia Ma:lis-e-ttehadulMuslimeenf 2+OC3
9S0/ongressb 25O+C3
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Telangana 0ashtraSamithi25O+C3
/ommunist Party of ndia2Mar(ist3 2&O+3
ndeendents2&O53
)haratiya #anataParty2&O%3
/ommunist Party of ndia2&OD3
4o! Sattaad 2&O+3 L5%
Telugu 8esamPartyae26O63
ndeendent 2&O+3
2a3 Parties which were in favor of Telangana state before 8ecember5&&, but changed the stand to neutral on +& 8ecember 5&&, the daythe rocess for formation of Telangana state was announced by central
government and later retracted on 5% 8ecember.
2b3 After 8ecember 5&&, #agan Mohan 0eddy as a /ongress MPoosed the Telangana state formation. After he formed the 9S0/ongress arty, it adoted a neutral stand.L5D
2c3 The Pra:a 0a:yam Party of actor-olitician /hiran:eevi was againstthe division of the state, but merged into the /ongress in 5&++.
2d3 The 4o! Satta adds that it will welcome the formation of a searatestate as art of a comrehensive and amicable solution.t,however,states that the real issue is to imrove the lives of eole
irresective of the formation of a searate state.L5
2e3 8uring the all arty meeting on 5 8ecember 5&+5, T8Preresentatives gave a letter signed by its resident to Home ministerof ndia which said that the arty had never withdrawn its letterto Pranab Mu!her:ee in 5&& which suorted Telangana stateformation.
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2f3 MM wants the state to remain united. f division is unavoidable, thearty wants a searate state of 0ayala-Telangana with Telangana U0ayalseema regions along with Hyderabad as caital. They ooseHyderabad being declared as a union territory.
2g3 The /ongress <or!ing /ommittee 2/</3 unanimously assed aresolution $n %& #uly to create the State of Telangana.
Iarly Telangana rotests 2+6 to +3Ledit
%ain article& )re=>>4 Telan#ana (rotests
+6; This year saw the 'rst of the rotests from the Telangana region.Some students rotested Gimlementation of the safe guards fromAndhra PradeshG while some rotested for a GSearate TelanganaG. Thelocal newsaer ndian I(ress reorted that the latter grou weredominant.L56 According to the + #anuary +6 edition of The ndian
I(ress, the agitation turned violent when a crowd attemted to set're to a sub-insector"s residence. +C were in:ured in Police'ring.8iscussions about the romised safe-guards were held. The Telangana 0egional /ommittee was, however, not fully convinced of the outcome.L5C This agitation was met by a counter agitation by theAndhra students accusing the transfer Andhra emloyees as adiscrimination between one region and the other. The transfers wereeventually challenged in the high-court.
The army had to be called in. After several days of tal!s with leaders of both regions, on +5 Aril +6, Prime minister came u with an eight-
oint lan.L5 Telangana leaders re:ected the lan and rotestscontinued under the leadershi of newly formed oliticalarty Telangana Pra:a Samithi in +6 as!ing for the formation of Telangana. 7nder the Mul!i rules in force at the time, anyone who hadlived in Hyderabad for + years was considered a local, and was thuseligible for certain government osts.
+C5; <hen the Sureme /ourt uheld the Mul!i rules the #ai Andhramovement, with the aim of re-forming a searate state of Andhra, wasstarted in /oastal Andhra and 0ayalseema regions. The movement
lasted for ++& days. The Sureme /ourt uheld the imlementation of Mul!i rules. The eole from the Andhra region viewed the Mil!i rulesas Gtreating them li!e aliens in their own landG.
+C%; a olitical settlement was reached with the =overnment of ndiawith a Si(-Point Formula. t was agreed uon by the leaders of the tworegions to revent any recurrenceof such agitations in the future. To
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avoid legal roblems, constitution was amended 2%5nd amendment3 togive the legal sanctity to the Si(-oint formula.L5
n +, when Telangana emloyees comlained about the violationsto si( oint formula, government enacted government order 6+& 2=$
6+&3 to correct the violations in recruitment. As Telangana eolecomlained about non imlementation of =$ 6+&, in 5&&+, governmentconstituted <!#&lan! co!""!on to loo! into violations. L%&
+C to 5&+&Ledit
n +C, the state unit of the )haratiya #anata Party 2)#P3 assed aresolution see!ing a searate Telangana.L%+
n 5&&&, /ongress arty M4As from the Telangana region whosuorted a searate Telangana state formed the Telangana /ongress4egislators Forum and submitted momorandum to their resident Sonia
=andhi re?uesting the suort the Telangana state.L%5
A new arty called Telangana 0ashtra Samithi 2T0S3, led by alva!untla/handrashe!ar 0ao 2/03, was formed in Aril 5&&+ with the single-oint agenda of creating a searate Telangana state with Hyderabad asits caital.L%%
n 5&&+, the /ongress <or!ing /ommittee sent a resolution to the >8Agovernment for constituting a second S0/ to loo! into the Telanganastate demand. This was re:ected by then union home minister 4..Advani citing that smaller states were neither viable nor conducive to
the integrity of the country.L%D
n Aril 5&&5, Advani wrote a letter to MP A. >arendra re:ecting aroosal to create Telangana state e(laining that Gregional disaritiesin economic develoment could be tac!led through lanning ande@cient use of available resourcesG. He said that the >8A government,therefore, does Gnot roose creation of a searate state of TelanganaGL% However, in 5&+5, Advani said that if their thenartner T8P cooerated during >8A tenure, a searate state of Telangana could have been created.L%6 This was con'rmed by thePresident of the T8P, /handrababu >aidu, on + Setember 5&+% in a
ublic meeting.L%C
%ain article& =>>4=>1> Telan#ana (rotests
n the run-u to the 5&&D Assembly U Parliament elections, then 7nionHome Minister 4. . Advani ruled out inclusion of Telangana in the >8Aagenda and said G7nless there is consensus among all olitical arties
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in the state and unless that consensus is re1ected in a resolution of thestate Assembly, we donJt roose to include it in the >8A agendaG L%
For these elections, the /ongress arty and the T0S forged an electoralalliance in the Telangana region to consider the demand of searate
Telangana State.
L%
/ongress came to ower in the state and formed acoalition government at the centre* T0S :oined the coalition afterthe common minimum rogram of the coalition government includedthat the demand for searate Telangana state will be considered afterdue consultations and consensus.LD&
n February 5&& the state government declared that it had noob:ection, in rincile, to the formation of searate Telangana and thatthe time had come to move forward decisively on this issue. To resolverelated issues, the government constituted a :oint house committee.LD+ n the lead-u to the 5&& =eneral Ilections in ndia, all the ma:or
arties in Andhra Pradesh suorted the formation of Telangana.LD5
n the 5&& elections T0S managed to win only +& assembly seats outof the D it contested and only 5 MP seats. Some media analyststhought Telangana sentiment faded.LD%
<ithin few months of getting re-elected as oular /M, 9. S.0a:ase!hara 0eddy 29S03 died in a helicoter crash in Setember 5&&. This resulted in a leadershi crisis within the /ongress arty and alsocreated a olitical vacuum in the state.LDD 8uring this time, T0Sresident . /handrashe!ar 0ao 2/03 raised his itch for the searate
state. $n 5 >ovember 5&&, he started a fast-unto-death, demandingthat the /ongress arty introduce a Telangana bill in Parliament.LD Student organisations, emloyee unions, and various organisations :oined the movement.LD6 =eneral stri!es shut down Telangana on 6 andC 8ecember.LDC n an all arty meeting called by the state governmenton the night of C 8ecember to discuss regarding /0"s fast and how tohandle it,LD all ma:or $osition arties e(tended their suort for asearate state for Telangana. The state /ongress and its ally Ma:lis-e-ttehadul Muslimeen have left it to the /ongress high command to ta!ea 'nal decision. Minutes of the meeting were fa(ed to /ongress highcommand.LD
-!$u#cat!on announceent H #ollbac Ledit
$n 8ecember 5&&, 7nion Minister of Home AEairs P./hidambaram announced that the ndian government would start therocess of forming a searate Telangana state, ending theintroduction and assage of a searation resolution in the AndhraPradesh assembly. This resulted in rotests across both Andhra
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and 0ayalseema. Students, wor!ers, lawyers U various organiBations inthe regions launched the Samai!yandhra Movement demanding thatthe state be !et united.L&M4As from these regions also submittedtheir resignations in rotest see!ing a reversal of the home minister"sstatement.L+
$n 5% 8ecember, !eeing in view the reactions of eole of otherregions, the =overnment of ndia announced that no action on Telangana will be ta!en until a consensus is reached by all arties andgrous in the state.L5 /oastal Andhra and 0ayalaseema region M4Asstarted withdrawing their resignations while M4As and ministers from Telangana started submitting their resignations, and demanded thatthe /entre ta!e immediate stes to initiate the rocess of bifurcatingAndhra Pradesh.L%
A #oint Action /ommittee 2also !nown as #A/ or T#A/3 comrising
olitical and non-olitical grous was formed to lead the demand forsearate Telangana with $smania 7niversity rofessor M odandaram0eddy as its convenor. LD
$n % February, the government aointed a 've-member committeeheaded by #ustice Sririshna to loo! into the issue.L
5&+&; Sri!rishna /ommitteeLedit
%ain article& Ao""ittee for Aonsultations on the situation in :ndhra)radesh
The Sri!rishna /ommittee headed by former /hief #ustice ). >.Sri!rishna toured all the regions of state e(tensively and invited eolefrom all sections of the society to give their oinion on the statehood. treceived over one la!h etitions and reresentations from oliticalarties, organisations, >=$s and individuals. t also held consultationswith olitical arties and general ublic while also factoring in theimact of recent develoments on diEerent sections of eole such aswomen, children, students, minorities, $ther )ac!ward /lasses,Scheduled /astes and Scheduled Tribes.L6
$n +6 8ecember 5&+&, two wee!s before the deadline for the
submission of the Sri!rishna reort, T0S organiBed a ublic meetingin <arangal. t was estimated that over 5.6 million eole attendedthis meeting. t was reorted that even more would have attended, butwere stranded due to tra@c :ams along roads leading to the city. LCL
L T0S resident . /handrase!har 0ao aealed to PrimeMinister Manmohan Singh to note that the eole of Telangana were
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losing atience. He demanded that the /entre introduce the )ill on Telangana in the ne(t session of Parliament.L6&L6+L65L6%
8ays before the Sri!rishna committee submitted its reort to the/entral government, /0 declared that his arty was ready to
wash Sonia =andhi"s feet if she agrees to the Telangana demand. Hesaid his arty is associated with the movement and was willing todissolve the arty if the state was formed.L6D
elea"e o$ t*e #epo#t an( "ua#y o$ In(!n&"Ledit
The ndian Home Ministry released the & age Sri!rishnacommittee on 6 #anuary 5&++. The committee oined that mostregions of Telangana 2e(cluding Hyderabad3 were either Gon ar or ashade lowerG than /oastal Andhra. <hen Hyderabad is included, Telangana fared better. The most bac!ward of all regions was in fact0ayalaseema. The committee, however, agreed with the violations of
=$ 6+&. Most violations, however, have been in the education andhealth sectors due to dearth of ?uali'ed locals. t also noted that thefunds released for educational institutions in Telangana were lowerthan in the other two regions of the state.The committee did not seethe Telangana movement as a threat to national integrity. >oting theemotions in the general ublic about the issue, a erceived neglect inimlementation of assurances given to the region,it also said that GThecontinuing demand, therefore, for a searate Telangana, the/ommittee felt, has some merit and is not entirely un:usti'edG. Theconclusion of the reort included the following statements GTherefore,
after ta!ing into account all the ros and cons, the /ommittee did notthin! it to be the most referred, but the second best, otion.Searation is recommended only in case it is unavoidable and if thisdecision can be reached amicably amongst all the three regionsG
Solut!on" p#opo"e(Ledit
The reort discusses si( solutions to the roblem, the referred otionbeing !eeing the State united by simultaneously roviding certainde'nite constitutional and statutory measures for socio-economicdeveloment and olitical emowerment of Telangana region through
the creation of a statutorily emowered Telangana 0egional /ouncil. The second best otion is bifurcation of the State into Telangana andSeemandhra as er e(isting boundaries, with Hyderabad as the caitalof Telangana and Seemandhra to have a new caital.L+%L6
eact!on" to t*e #epo#tLedit
The eighth chater of the reort was not made ublic for undisclosedreasons. After a :udgement delivered by #ustice 4 >arasimha 0eddy of
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Andhra Pradesh High /ourt, the contents of the GsecretG chater weresubmitted to the High /ourt.L66 The /hief #ustice in his 6& age :udgement said GThe /ommittee travelled beyond the terms of reference in its endeavour to ersuade the 7nion of ndia not to accedeto the demand for TelanganaG. The :udgement also ?uoted the S/
reort"s th chater and said GThe manoeuvre suggested by the/ommittee in its secret sulementary note oses an oen challenge,if not threat, to the very system of democracy.G The eighth chater wasnot ma!e ublic after division bench comrising the /hief #ustice of theAP high court has stayed the order of #ustice 4 >arasimha 0eddy. L6C
L6 Hence, the facts of the comments of the :udge on the eighthchater remain unveri'ed.
5&++Ledit
Noncoope#at!on oveent an( !ll!on a#c*Ledit
%ain article& 0arl =>11 Telan#ana (rotests
$n +C February 5&++, a noncooeration movement was started whichlasted for +6 days with articiation by %&&,&&& governmentemloyees. t caused a loss of 0s billion er day in revenue togovernment.L6LC& n February and March, Assembly session wasboycotted for wee!s and Parliament session was disruted for severaldays by Telangana reresentatives.LC+LC5 LC%
Million March was organised by Telangana #A/ in Hyderabad on +&March 5&++. n a move to disrut the march, olice arrested over
thousand activists throughout the region and closed down entry toHyderabad city by stoing certain transortation services anddiverting [email protected] Around &,&&& eole reached the venue of the march, Tan! )und by hoodwin!ing olice.LCC Telangana activistsdamaged +6 statues of ersonalities reresenting Telugu culturelanguage and threw some of the remnants into the la!e.LC
n >ovember 5&++, Telangana 0ashtra Samiti Kidyarthi Kibhagam2T0SK3 state resident )al!i Suman was arrested by Hyderabad oliceafter cases were registered against him in connection with damagingstatues on Tan! )und during the "Million March," attac!ing olice
ersonnel, damaging olice and media vehicles.LC
a"" #e"!&nat!on"Ledit%ain article& %id =>11 Telan#ana (rotests
From Aril till #une, the movement saw a lull, L& with diEerent artiesciting various reasons and fresh deadlines to renew the agitation. n #uly, + of ++ Telangana M4As in the state, +5 out of + Telangana
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ministers in state, +% out of +C Telangana MPs in 4o! Sabha, +0a:yasabha MP 2/ongress3, 5& M4/s resigned rotesting delay in theformation of Telangana. $n %& #uly 5&-year-old 9adi 0eddy was founddead +&& yards from Parliament House in 8elhi. An eight-age suicidenote says the young driver from greater Hyderabad region of
Telangana was uset over the government not creating a new state forhis homeland. The sea!er of the AP assembly on 5% #uly summarilyre:ected the resignations of all +&+ M4As citing that they were made inan emotionally surcharged atmoshere. All Telangana MPs who earliersubmitted their resignations and were boycotting the arliamentsession also decided to attend the arliament monsoon session citingSonia =andhi"s ill health.L+
Saala Janula SaeLedit%ain article& @ate =>11 Telan#ana (rotests
$n +5 Setember 5&++, a day before Sa!ala #anula Samme 2Alleole"s stri!e3, T0S organised a ublic meeting in arimnagar whichwas attended by over a million eole including T#A/ leaders, )#P and>ew 8emocracy arty leaders.L5
Starting +% Setember, as art of "stri!e by all section of eole"suorting Telangana statehood, government emloyees throughout Telangana stayed out of wor!, lawyers boycotted courtsL% and 6&,&&&coal miners of Singareni /ollieries 2S//4 4td.3 also :oined the stri!e. LD
L Soon government teachers, state road transort cororationemloyees and state electricity board emloyees :oined the stri!e.L6LC
$n a call given by #A/, road bloc!ades on national highwaysthroughout Telangana, rail bloc!ade and the stri!e of autori!shaw union were organiBed on 5D and 5 Setember causingdisrution in transort services.LL Kirtually all sections of eole :oined this stri!e.L& $n %& Setember, as the stri!e entered the +thday, even while /ongress central leadershi met several Telanganacongress leaders, #A/ called a bundh in Hyderabad city.L+ $n 5$ctober, #A/ leaders, emloyee unions leaders and T0S leadersincluding /0 met Prime minister to e(lain the situation in Telangnadue to the stri!e and as!ed to e(edite the decision on the statehooddemand.L5 The stri!e has resulted in an unrecedented ower crisis inthe state with only 55% M7 of ower generated against the demand of 5CM7 imacting both the industry and agriculture.L%
8ue to 0ail bloc!ade call on + $ctober ++& trains were cancelled and6 trains were diverted by authorities. The railways oerated +5 trainsand Hyderabad metro trails with full olice rotection. Telangana
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rotestors tried to have sit in on rail latforms or on railway trac!s atvarious laces. Police arrested thousands of rotesters including MPsand D M4As.LDL$n +6 $ctober ublic transort emloyees called oE the stri!e. <ithin days other unions too called oE the stri!e one afteranother. After D5 days, on 5D $ctober, remaining emloyees unions
called oE the stri!e. M. odandaram said that the stri!e had imactedthe overall thin!ing of the /entre towards creation of searate Stateand the movement will continue with other rotest activities.L6
$n 5 $ctober 5&++, three /ongress arty M4As belonging to Telangana region resigned and :oined T0S in rotest as they werediaointed with /ongress leadershi"s delay in Telangana stateformation.LC
$n + >ovember, /ongress M4A omatireddy Ken!at 0eddy started aninde'nite hunger stri!e until the central government announced a
roadma for Telangana state.L
days later, the fast was bro!en whenolice arrested him under Section %& of P/ 2attemt to commitsuicide3 and shifted him to >MS, Hyderabad where he was !et underintravenous 1uids. He ended his fast on >ovember. L C-year-oldFreedom 'ghter onda 4a(man )au:i also launched his wee!-longsatyagraha at #antar Mantar in >ew 8elhi, demanding statehood to theregion.L+&&
5&+5Ledit
%ain article& =>1= Telan#ana (rotests
n #anuary, )#P led by State arty resident ishan 0eddy started the55-day Telangana "Poru 9atra", across assembly constituenciesstressing the need for Telangana stance.L+&+ Though the tour wassuccessful in reiterating the arty"s ro-Telangana stance, it could notgarner as much suort as hoed because of the indiEerent attitude of the T0S U T#A/. n fact the failure of the T0S in declaring its suort toishan 0eddyJs yatra has resulted in growing diEerences between thetwo arties.L+&5
)ye elections too! lace on + March in 6 Telangana assembly seats.
T0S won D out of seats it contested with huge ma:orities rangingfrom +,&5D to DD,D6. n 5 out of the D seats won by T0S 2amareddyU Adilabad3, the T0S candidates olled less number of votes comaredto 5&& assembly elections when they contested as candidates from T8P which was in alliance with T0S.L+&%L+&D I(-T8P M4A >agam #anardhan 0eddy won from >agar!urnool seat as an indeendent with T#A/ suort. /ongress lost deosit in one constituency and T8P in %constituencies.L+&L+&6
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)ye-olls were conducted for + Assembly seats and + Parliament seaton +5 #une. The 9S0/P won + assembly seats and the lone Parliamentseat in Seema-Andhra region. T0S"s candidate managed to win thePar!al seat with a slender ma:ority of +65 votes over 9S0/P candidateonda Sure!ha. T8P 'nished third after olling %&,&&& votes and
retained its deosit. )oth )#P U /ongress lost their deosits.L+&CL+&
n Setember 5&+5, Sushil!umar Shinde, the newly aointed Homeminister of ndia commented that the Telangana demand needs to behandled carefully since similarly carved smaller states saw increased>a(al roblems.L+& Addressing a ublic meeting in >iBamabaddistrict, AMM resident Asaduddin $waisi said that formation of asearate Telangana state is not ossible and rea@rmed his arty"sstand on the issue. He also said that Muslims would not accet asearate state.L++&
$n +D August 5&+5, /0 gave a deadline to the centre to declarestatehood in 5 wee!s and romised to launch another round of agitation if the centre doesn"t.L+++ He later declared that he got feelersthat a ositive announcement will be made by Iid.L++5 n anotherinterview after Iid, he remar!ed that Sonia =andhi has always been infavour of Telangana and that the central government will call his artyfor discussions in Gfew wee!s or soG L++% $n 6 Setember, /0 left for8elhi and announced that the issue will be resolved by end of Setember.L++D After his 5%-day stay in 8elhi, /0 returned toHyderabad hoing for a 'nal round of tal!s with the /ongress
leadershi on the issue. He claimed that his discussions with severalleaders was fruitful.L++
%elan&ana a#c*Ledit
After setting %& Setember as the deadline for the /entre to announcethe formation of Telangana, the T#A/ threatened to organiBe a"Telangana March" in Hyderabad on the lines of the "8andi March" .L++6
L++C Anticiating violence and ossibility of attac! on roerties of Andhraites,L++ Police initially refused ermission to the march which isscheduled around the time of =anesh >imma::an on 5 Setemberand 7> conference on )io diversityL++ on + $ctober. L+5& The Policebegun chec!ing buses and trains entering the city and students whoare trying to enter the city to articiate in the rotest are being sentbac!.L+5+ They identi'ed troublema!ers L++ and arrested certain ro- Telangana activists throughout the Telangana region. Police said thatthere are intelligence reorts that the rotestors could attac!roerties of eole of Seemandhra.L+55
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$n 5 Setember, after long discussions between #A/ leaders andministers from Telangana region, the state government ignoringwarnings about ossible brea!down of law U order, gave ermission tothe March. The #A/ leaders gave written assurance to the governmentthat the agitation rogramme will be conducted in a eaceful and
GgandhianG manner from +;&& to +;&& on %& Setember on the>ec!lace road on the edge of Hussain Sager la!e.L+5%L+5D ndian0ailwayscancelled several e(ress U assenger trains and all local andsub-urban train services in Hyderabad reortedly on the advise of Police.L+5
$n %& Setember, the day of the march, Police closed the gates andbloc!ed students at the $smania 7niversity gate and other rotestorsat several laces in the city when they were roceeding in ralliestowards the March venue. /ongress MPs from Telangana were arrestedin front of /hief minister"s o@ce when they staged a dharna as theywere not allowed to meet him over the detention of their artysuorters who were stoed from reaching the venue.L+56
Though olice sealed all the entry oints to the >ec!lace 0oad andoened only the )uddha )havan route, by Dm around 5 la!hrotestors including various arty leaders and their suorters reachedthe venue from all routes. /oming under attac! from both sides, theolice ceded the entire >ec!lace 0oad to the rotesters who marchedon till #al Kihar. According to the Police, the rotesters torched twoolice vehicles at Peole"s PlaBa on the >ec!lace 0oad. L+5C The mobs
also set a're three olice vehicles, a coule of media outdoorbroadcasting vans, machinery and a temorary cabin room of aconstruction comany.L+5 The rotesters made an attemt to set on're a local train at hairatabad station.L+5 At the railwayJsHussainsagar :unction cabin, around +,&&& Telangana suorters wenton a ramage overowering over +&& uniformed men stationed in thearea and burnt down the cabin after manhandling railway staE. Theentire signalling system was damaged and o@cials egged the loss ataround 0s. 6& la!h.L+%&
After +;&&, T#A/ leaders violated the deadline and refused to leave the
venue till the government issues a statement on Telangana.L+%+ Police'rst used water cannons and later lobbed tear gas shells on the crowdand on to the stage to force the rotestors to leave the venue.L+%5 Finally at midnight the #A/ called oE the March citing heavy rainand in:ured suorters.L+%%
The ne(t day, local olice registered + cases against odandaram andothers for conducting the march beyond the ermitted time of C m
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and till midnight and also for violence during the march. 0ailway olicealso registered cases against unidenti'ed ersons for damage to thesignalling system at 4a!di!aul. /ases were boo!ed against thestudent leaders of TS#A/, $7#A/, Telangana Kidyarti Parishad and TKK.L+%& The bandh drew little resonse in Hyderabad and was artial in
Telangana districts. $smania 7niversity students again resorted tostone throwing and olice retaliated by using tear gas shells.L+%DL+%
ll a#ty eet!n& !n Decebe#Ledit
$n 5 8ecember 5&+5 a meeting was organised by Sushil!umarShinde, Home minister of ndia to discuss the Telangana issue. t wasattended by olitical arties having signi'cant resence in the statelegislature. After hearing views of all the arties, the home ministersaid that this will be the last such meeting on this issue and that thegovernment will come u with a decision within %& days. n the
meeting, MM U /P2M3 reiterated their strong oosition to division of the state. 9S0 /ongress remained neutral and re?uested the centralgovernment to ta!e a decision. /ongress reresentatives gavecon1icting views, one suorting the division U one oosing it.L+%6L+%C
L+% T8P reresentatives gave a letter signed by its resident whichsaid that it never withdrawn its letter to Pranab Mu!har:ee in 5&&suorting Telangana state formation.L+% Telangana #A/ demandedmore clarity from Telugu 8esam before they allow T8P to be a memberof #A/.L+D&
5&+%Ledit5&+% <itnessed more rotest by the T#A/ including bloc!ade of theroad bloc!ade of >H C in Mahbubnagar district. Public roerty wasdestroyed.L+D+ This year also witnessed rotest by /ongress MPs forD hours at the entrance of the ndian Parliament.L+D5
4eaders from various olitical arties :oined T0S in suort of themovement.L+D%L+DD
.*alo ""eblyLedit
n May 5&+%, the T#A/ gave a call to lay siege to the state legislative
Assembly in Hyderabad on +D #une 5&+% to demand the formation of Telangana. =overnment refused ermission to the march as they hadinformation that anti-social elements might articiate in the eventand cause violence li!e in revious events of Sa#ara Hara" and %illion%arch where violence eruted desite romises made by the T#A/.Police made re-emtive arrests of activists through the region whichled do stalling of the assembly roceedings by oosition arties.
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L+D The chief minister directed the 8irector-=eneral of Police at a high-level review meeting not to use even rubber bullets in their eEorts andobserve utmost restraint in maintaining law and order. Amid fear of violence by >a(alites after an oen letter claimed to have been writtenby them on the rally,L+D6olice sounded a high alert across the state
and almost sealed all the arterial roads leading to the Assembly. $ver5,&&& olicemen belonging to both central and state security forceswere deloyed. The T#A/ leaders alleged that the government hasbeen using reressive measures to revent them from reresenting theasirations of Telangana eole in a eaceful manner. L+DC Iducationalinstitutions declared a holiday and ublic transort went oE the roadsand shos and establishments shut as a recautionary measure.L+DL+D
$n the day of the event in site of the restrictions laced, olice couldnot totally revent Telangana activists from snea!ing into rimelocations and ma!ing a vain bid to rush towards the Assembly.L+& Hundreds of eole including state legislators, #A/ /haiman andother leaders were arrested across the city. $smania 7niversitycamus witnessed itched battles as olice closed the camus gate tosto students leaving camus in a rally then resorted to tear gasshelling when student started stone elting. After the march, the T#A//hairman remar!ed that their goal to reach Assembly comle( andhighlight their demand was ful'lled.L++
.on&#e"" .o#e .o!ttee eet!n&Ledit
According to an internal survey reortedly done for the state
government 2cited by media sources in #une3, the /ongress arty willget around %-D& seats out of 5D M4A seats in the state, with T0Sahead in Telangana region while 9S0/P in the Seema-Andhra region. This survey was reortedly being considered to arrive at a decision onthe statehood issue.L+5
$n %& #une, /ongress leaders belonging to Telangana region organiBeda ublic meeting in Hyderabad with a turn out of over +&&,&&& to showtheir suort to Telangana state. t was attended by 8amodar 0a:a>arasimha, 8euty /hief minister of the state, central ministers, stateministers, MPs U M4As who e(ressed the con'dence that their artyleadershi will create the searate state soon and said that /ongresswill erform well in ne(t elections in such a situation.L+%L+DL+
$n + #uly, /ongress arty"s in-charge of the state, 8igvi:ay Singh saidthat arty is at the 'nal stages of ta!ing decision on Telangana issue.He also directed state chief minister, deuty chief minister and statearty resident 2they reresent assembly constituencies
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in 0ayalaseema, Telangana and /oastal Andhra regions resectively3 tofurnish a roadma, !eeing both otions oen, that could hel lead toa decision.L+6 $n ++ #uly the three leaders resented their views in the/ongress core committee meeting, ost which it was announced that adecision will be ta!en by the /ongress <or!ing /ommittee.L+CL+
The /hief Minister > iran umar 0eddy met several MPs, M4As andM4/s on 5 #uly in a bid to resolve the issue being ta!en u by thecentral /ongress government.L+
.). #e"olut!on on b!$u#cat!onLeditSee also& Sa"ai+andhra )rotests due to the decision
The /ongress <or!ing /ommittee 2/</3 unanimously assed aresolution $n %& #uly to create the State of Telangana.L+6& Thecommittee also assured that the concerns of eole from theremaining regions regarding sharing of water and ower resources will
be addressed. The bifurcation decision sar!ed oE fresh rotests asart of the Samai!yandhra Movement.
eact!on"Ledit
T0S welcomed the decision and its chief . /hadrashe!har 0ao saidthat his arty is 'ne with Hyderabad being the :oint caital.L+6+ Thiswas seen as an attemt by the >/ to merge T0S into itself for thegeneral and rovincial election after being marginalised in the0ayalseema and coastal regions by the 9S0 /ongress.L+65 A )#P statelevel leader gave credit for the move to =u:arat /hief Minister
>arendra Modi by saying that the move by /ongress was in reaction toModi"s tour to Hyderabad on ++ August.L+6% )#P national level leadersreacted by saying that the move was under ressure L+6D and that theirarty suorts the creation of Telangana and Kidarbha. Theydemanded that other re?uests for the creation of new states such asthose of =or!haland and )odoland need to be done by aointing aSecond States 0eorganisation /ommission earlier too. <e now demandthat the government should set it u and see! a reort within a seci'ctimeframe.L+6
Many arties and oliticians including the /hief Minister-who hails from
0ayalaseema- rotested the bill. Some even termed it asGundemocraticG. The congress and 9S0/P were wied out in thefollowing elections, however in all three regions of the erstwhile AndhraPradesh.ndian general election, 5&+D.L+66L+6C
The decision sar!ed rotests by the =or!ha #anmu!ti Morcha 2=#M3 inthe form of an inde'nite stri!e for =or!haland. =#M President )imal=urung also resigned from the =or!haland Territorial Administration in
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demand for =or!haland, citing <est )engal government"s interferencewith its autonomy.L+6 t was even seculated by the media that moresuch moves could gain steam, such as that by the )undel!hand Mu!tiMorcha for )undel!hand.L+6 Meanwhile, the national Home Ministryoined that the lac! of develoment in the roosed areas and the
ro(imity to other hotbeds in /hattishgarh"s )astar and Maharashtra"s=adhidoli regions might cause an increase in >a(alism in Telangana /ommunist Party of ndia 2Maoist3 if the administration is not?uic!ly consolidated.L+C&
The ne(t stes towards the re-formation of Telangana, e(ected byearly 5&+D, are; The national cabinet sharing its lans with thePresident of ndia and the Andhra Pradesh legislature. The PrimeMinister would then organise a committee to negotiate a consensusbetween the leaders from the three regions for issues such as sharingrevenue and water. )oth national houses of arliament would thenhave to ass a resolution to create Telangana.L+C+
.ab!net app#oval o$ %elan&ana "tateLedit
% $ctober 5&+%, the 7nion /abinet aroved the creation of the newState of Telangana. A =rou of Ministers 2=oM3 was created to settleissues concerning the new state and the State of Andhra Pradesh.L+C5 Hyderabad will be the shared caital for +& years, after which it willbelong to Telangana, said the Home Minister.L+C%L+CD
$n $ctober, recently retired director general of olice 8inesh 0eddy
said the /hief minister, iran umar 0eddy ressured him to issue aublic statement that the creation of Telangana would lead tointensi'cation of Maoist activities. He also charged that the /M hadrerimanded him for see!ing additional central forces for containinge(ected trouble in Seemandhra in the run u to the /ongress <or!ing/ommittee"s Telangana resolution at the end of #uly.L+C
Ivents leading to the formation of TelanganaLedit
Fo#at!on o$ <#oup o$ !n!"te#" /<oLedit
=ovt of ndia set u the G=rou of MinistersG2=$M3 headed by union
home minister Sushil!umar Shinde to address all the issues that needresolution at the central and state government levels during theformation of Telangana state. =$M met on ++ $ctober for the 'rst timereleased its terms of reference on +6 $ct.L+C6 =$M met 5nd time on+ $ctober and considered the bac!ground notes which had beenreared by the Home Ministry regarding the various issues ertainingto the bifurcation. t also as!ed feedbac! from ublic to send their
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suggestions ertaining to the seci'c terms of reference before >ovember.L+CC $n 5 $ctober, the bac!ground notes reared by Homeministry for =$M aeared in the media.L+C $n %& $ctober, 7nionHome Minister Sushil umar Shinde called for an all-arty meeting, tobe attended by reresentatives of national and regional arties of the
state, to discuss the issues related to bifurcation. L+C n a letter to ma:or olitical arties in the state, home ministry as!ed the arties tosubmit their suggestions to the =oM by >ovember, following whichan all-arty meeting will be held.L+& $n +%-+D >ovember =$M met thereresentatives all arties of the state to discuss 2T8P boycotted themeeting3 about the issues related to bifurcation.L++L+5 =$M hadmeetings including some with /M, 8euty /M, cabinet ministers fromthe state and other state leaders while 'naliBing the Telangana draftbill.L+%
$n % 8ecember, Tal! of including 5 0ayalaseema districts, Ananthaurdistrict and urnool district, in Telangana state by =$M was criticiBedby ro Telangana grous. T0S and #A/ called for Telangana wide bandh2stri!e3 on 8ecember 5&+% which had a good resonse.L+D
$n the evening of 8ecember 5&+%, cabinet aroved the Telanganadraft bill reared by =rou of Ministers 2=oM3. The bill have toaroved by Parliament before it becomes 5th state of the union.L+
?e&!"lat!ve #ocee(!n&"Ledit
6 8ecember 5&+%; ndia"s 7nion Home Ministry sends the Telangana
draft bill to The President of ndia.
L+6
++ 8ecember 5&+%; The President of ndia reviews the bill and assesit on to the Andhra Pradesh State Assembly to elicit its views, giving ituntil 5% #anuary to resond with its views. The bill was urgently hand-delivered the following day,to Assembly Secretariat by the #ointSecretary of 7nion Home Ministry.L+C
+6 8ecember 5&+%; The Telangana draft bill was introduced in AndhraPradesh state assembly by deuty sea!er Mallu )hatti Ki!ramar!a insea!ers absence. This was met by rotests and chaos created by theSeemandhra M4As.L+
+C 8ecember 5&+%; Assembly"s roceedings remain disruted. The)usiness Advisory /ommittee 2)A/3 of the State Assembly decides todiscuss the )ill starting the following day.L+ This evo!es mi(edreactions including allegations on Seemandhra leaders" attemt toderail the bill by delaying the rocess.
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+,+ 8ecember 5&+%; Assembly roceedings continue to bedisruted. The situation forces the sea!er, >adendla Manohar toad:ourn the house until % #anuary.This is met with rotests from the Telangana M4As.L+& Telangana and Seemandhra leaders meet ThePresident Pranab Mu!her:ee vying with each other to comlain about
the way the Telangana bill was being handled. L++
+ #anuary 5&+D; 5 days before the start of the ne(t assembly session,the /hief Minister relaces 8 Sridhar )abu with S Saila:anath. Thismove comes criticiBed as the former hails from Telangana and thelatter is actively involved withSamai!yandhra Movement. Sridhar)abu resigns from the cabinet in rotest. L+5
%,D #anuary 5&+D; Situation fails to imrove as Assembly sessionsremain disruted.L+%L+D
6 #anuary 5&+D; 7nable to continue Assembly sessions amid chaos, the
sea!er re?uests members to submit written amendments, if any, tothe clauses of the )ill by +& #anuary.L+
#anuary 5&+D; The bill is 'nally ta!en u for debate. However, thislasts for only a few minutes with the 9S0 /ongress Party M4Asresuming rotests.L+6
#anuary; The debate continues only after 9S0/P M4As weresusended. <hile there was olariBation on regional lines, debate moreor less turned into a blame game over the state bifurcation issue asevery arty indulged in a game of olitical one-umanshi. /ongress
leader from Seemandhra and minister Katti Kasanth umar so!eoosing the Telangana bill and said bifurcation is against Seemandhrainterests.L+CL+ $n +& #anuary, debate started after 9S0/P membersstaged wal! out. Among others, T0S 1oor leader, I 0a:ender so!e inlength suorting Telangana bill while highlighting the grievances of Telangana eole and the history of the movement. /P 1oor leader =Mallesh, /ongress leader from Telangana and government chief whi=andra Ken!aramana 0eddy so!e suorting Telangana bill. Housewas ad:orned until +C #anuary.L+ After +C #anuary, debate had lessdisrutions. /hief Minister re?uested the President Dwee! additional
time for the debate a move oosed by Telangana leaders.L5&&
$n 5% #anuary, President gave Cdays e(tension, until %& #anuary, for assemblyto give its views on Telangana draft bill.L5&+
5%-5 #an 5&+D; The /hief Minister resents his analysis on how thebifurcation is detrimental to both regions, the highlights being theeEect on current irrigation ro:ects in Telangana and better subsidiBedelectricity given to farmers of Telangana. Telangana M4As ridicule the
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/hief Minister and revent the roceedings citing no oortunity toma!e a counter argument. The /hief Minister later e(resses hisoinion as the AP 0eorganiBation )ill-5&+% being defective. $thermembers view this as an unduly delayed reaction.L5&5L5&%
5C #an 5&+D; /hief Minister iran!umar 0eddy, gave notice to assemblysea!er re?uesting to move resolution re:ecting the Telangana bill. Themove was criticiBed by Telangana M4As including the ministers anddeuty chief minister saying that cabinet was not consulted on thesub:ect. They said this Ga"ounts to defin# the Union Aabinet,Aonstitution and )resident G. After this, no debate was ossible in theassembly as Telangana members insisted that sea!er re:ect the /hief minister"s notice.L5&D
$n %& #anuary 5&+D, Andhra Pradesh assembly sea!er declared thatassembly comleted the debate and all the members gave their views.
He said, he would send to the President of ndia a comilation of ,&C5suggestions and amendments he received in writing from members,including C members who had so!en on the )ill in the house. Furtherhe acceted the /hief minister"s notice of resolution to re:ect the AP0eorganiBation )ill and declared that resolution assed by voice votewithout even waiting for the M4As in the house to say NayeJ, admistandemonium and rotests from Telangana M4As. Iarlier in the daySeemandhra members rushed to the well of the House demanding thatthe resolution moved by the /M, without cabinet aroval, be ut tovote, those from the Telangana region, including the ministers and
deuty chief minister, did the same with the demand that there shouldbe no voting. At ++.%& m, in what aears to be a coordinatedstrategy between the sea!er, the chief minister and the Seemandhralegislators, all the members from that region converged at the well of the House and formed a wall around the sea!er even as Manohar readout the resolution, ut it to voice vote and declared it as having beenassed. The bill will now be sent bac! to President Pranab Mu!her:eeafter which it is slated to be tabled in Parliament.L5&L5&6L5&C Theresolution was laced in the house and was declared assed within +seconds.L5& Analysts say Gre:ection of Telangana billG is not valid and is
useful only for olitical grand standing.L5&
7nion cabinet minister #aial0eddy said that the resolution to re:ect the Telangana bill was assedin the assembly by cheating and it has no statutory and oliticalsanctity.L5+& =eneral secretary of /ongress Party and arty"s in-chargefor Andhra Pradesh, 8igvi:ay Singh said that the bill that the Presidentsent to the Assembly was never meant to be ut to vote and said thatthe /ongress high command and the /enter would go ahead with its
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lans to introduce and ass the Telangana )ill in Parliament during theforthcoming session.L5++
$n D February, =$M cleared the Telangana bill after ma!ing fewamendments to it based uon the inut from state assembly. L5+5
$n C February, 7nion cabinet cleared the Telangana bill and lans tointroduce in uer house of Parliament with %5 amendments.Amendments include the details of 'nancial ac!age to Seemandhra toaddress their concerns.L5+%
$n +% February, Telangana bill was introduced in the 4o! Sabha, thelower house of Parliament, by 7nion home minister,Sushil!umarShinde desite rotests, disrutions of Seemandhra MPs. n anunrecedented incidence, the use of eer sray by SeemandhraMP, 4agadaati 0a:agoal in the 4o! Sabha during the introduction of the bill caused all the members to leave the house and some members
to be hositaliBed.L5+D
+ February 5&+D; the Telangana )ill is assed by the 4o! Sabha withsuort from the )#P and /ongress.L5+ )roadcast of the roceedingsenters a blac!out during the voice vote. This caused widesreadcriticism of the manner in which the bill was assed.L5+6
5& February 5&+D; The Telangana bill is assed by 0a:ya Sabha withthe suort form the )#P.L5+C The bill receives the assent of thePresident and ublished in the gaBette on + March 5&+D.L5+ $n DMarch 5&+D the =overnment of ndia declares 5 #une 5&+D the
Telangana Formation 8ay.L5+ Telangana is the 5th state of the 7nionof ndia with Hyderabad as its caital. )oth states will share the caitalfor +& years until Seemandhra can establish its own. However, therevenues of Hyderabad will go only to Telangana. >o secial status wasaccorded to Seemandhra, though it was hinted in the Telangana )ill. L55&
n oular cultureLedit
?!te#atu#e
• Battle#round Telan#ana& Ahronicle of an :#itation by ingshu!
>ag.
• Telan#ana& The State of :Cairs by M. )harath )hushan and >.Kenugoal.
F!l
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• ;ai Bolo Telan#ana 25&++3. t won >andi awards for )est 8irector,4yricist, >ational ntegration, Male Playbac! Singer, Male 8ubbingArtist.
• In+ennallu 25&++3. t won >andi award for )est Suorting
actress.L55+
History Telangana, as a geograhical and olitical entity was born on
#une 5, 5&+D as the 5th and the youngest state in 7nion of ndia.However, as an economic, social, cultural and historical entity ithas a glorious history of at least two thousand 've hundred yearsor more. Megalithic stone structures li!e cairns, cists, dolmens
and menhir s found in several districts of Telangana show thatthere were human habitations in this art of the countrythousands of years ago. 0emnants of iron ore smelting found atmany laces demonstrate the hoary roots of artisanshi and toolma!ing in Telangana for at least two thousand years. Thereference to Asma!a #anaada, art of resent Telangana, as oneof the +6 #anaadas in ancient ndia roves that there e(ist ed anadvanced stage of society.
$ne of the 'rst 've disciles of the )uddha, ondanna is a
tyical name from Telangana and though there is no e(actinformation about his native lace, the earliest !nown )uddhisttownshi of ondaur in Meda! district is believed to be after him. The )uddha himself famously ac!nowledged that it was ondannawho understood him roerly. The )uddhist sources say that)avari, a )rahmin from )adana!urti in arimnagar sent hisdisciles to all the way to north ndia to learn )uddhism and
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sread the message in this region. Megasthenes, who visited ndiain the Dth century )/I, wrote that there were %& forti'ed towns of Andhras and a ma:ority of them were in Telangana. n thehistorical age, Telangana had given rise to mighty emires and
!ingdoms li!e the Satavahanas, Ka!ata!as, !shva!us,Kishnu!undins, /halu!yas, a!atiyas, Zutb Shahis and Asif #ahis. The emergence and 1ourishing of these owerful oliticalformations is in itself a roof of e(istence of a sturdy economic,social and cultural structure. Thus Telangana has been a vibrant social entity by the time of the)uddha and continued to be so for the ne(t two and a half millennia. Indowed withsuch rich cultural heritage, desite the attemts by historians andscholars from Andhra region to obfuscate and erase its history,
Telangana alwaysretained and fought for its self resect and self rule. 8ue to theo@cial eEorts to ignore, erase, belittle and loo! down Telanganahistory and turn it intoan aendage or a footnote, articularly during +6-5&+D, muchof Telangana history is either not roerly researched or notrecorded even if it wasstudied. Telangana rose again and secured its olitical identitynow and is in the rocess of resurrecting its own glorious ast.
Here is an attemt toreconstruct the history of Telangana, the wonderful musicalinstrument with a thousand strings.#e*!"to#y /p to 1000 -.Iven though e(tensive e(loration has not been done,articularly sub:ected to neglect after +6, the archaeologicaldeartment under the >iBamsJgovernment had done tremendous wor! in discovering the tracesof re-historical human habitations in Telangana. These studiesfound that humanhabitations in arts of Telangana can be seen from the Paleolithicage consistently. Iither the same locations or e(tended locationsshowed eoleHistory 2OAboutOHistory32O3O+5O5&+ Telangana State Portal History
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htt;OOwww.telangana.gov.inOaboutOhistory 5Ocontinued to live and develo through the later stages of Mesolithic, >eolithic and Metal ages. I(cavations discoveredstone tools, microliths, cists,
dolmens, cairns and menhirs. All the ten districts of Telanganashowed these traces even when a roer, scienti'c and o@cialresearch ande(cavations have not been done and than!s to the eEorts of either the 'rst generation researchers before +&s or individualamateur e(lorations.
#eSatava*ana" /1000 -. 300 -.n the historical age beginning from +&&& )/I there are somereferences of Telangana as a geograhical entity as well as Telugu
as a linguistic entity, inthe contemorary )uddhist and mythological te(ts. However, itneeds a detailed research to discover 'ner asects and establishthe stage of develoment of re-Satavahana society. Thought the o@cialresearch into this asect was stalled for about si( decades, someenthusiasts li!e Tha!ur0a:aram Singh, ) > Sastry and 8r 8 0a:a 0eddy did their ownainsta!ing e(lorations and showed that there was a 1ourishing
society before theemergence of the Satavahanas. Particularly 8r 0a:a 0eddy rovedwith numismatic evidence that there were rulers before theSatavahanas withotalingala as caital and issued their own coins. n thesee(cavations the coins of =obada, >aarana, amvaaya andSamagoa were discovered and atleast two other rulersJ names came to light. Thus Telanganahaens to be the 'rst region in the subcontinent to have issuedunch-mar!ed coinswith even insignia. The )uddhist te(ts as well as accounts of foreigners li!e Magesthenes and Arrian tal!ed about this region ashaving thirty forts,many of which have to be e(lored.
Satava*ana" /250 -. 200 .
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After the fall of the Mauryan Imire, around the third century )/there arose the 'rst signi'cant !ingdom under the Satavahanasfrom this region. Theearliest caital of the Satavahanas was otalingala and then
moved to the other oular caitals li!e Paithan and Amaravati28harani!ota3 only aftertwo centuries of their rule. However, the 'rst caital was eitherignored or brushed aside to give rominence to the later lace incoastal Andhra. Thecoins issued by the Satavahana !ings Simu!a 2)/ 5%+-5&3, SiriSatavahana, Sata!ani , Satasiri, Sata!ani , Kasittiutta Pulumayi,Kasittiutta Sata!aniand their governors were discovered in otalingala. >umismaticand eigrahic evidence showed that the Satavahanas ruled a
larger area of theeninsula, with oceans as borders on three sides. 4iterature li!e=athasatashati, ainting li!e A:anta 1ourished during theSatavahana rule.
o"tSatava*ana /200 . 950 .After the fall of Satavahanas in the third century A8, Telugu-sea!ing areas were divided under various small rulers and till theemergence of the
a!atiyas, for about si( or seven centuries this fragmentationcontinued. Iven as the mainstream Andhra historians maintainedthat it was a dar!eriod in Telangana history without any olitical formation, thecurrent research found that Telangana was ruled by various!ingdoms li!e the!shva!us, Ka!ata!as, Kishnu!undins, )adami /halu!yas,0ashtra!utas, Kemulavada /halu!yas, alyani /halu!yas,Mudigonda /halu!yas, anduri/hodas and Polvasa dynasty. A detailed research into this eriodis yet to ta!e lace.aat!ya" /950 . 1323 . The sub-feudatories of the 0ashtra!utas emerged themselves asindeendent !ings and founded the a!atiya dynasty around &A8 and this
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!ingdom became strong and united whole of Telugu-sea!inglands and lasted for more than three centuries and a half. The!ingdom saw owerful!ings li!e =anaatideva, 0udradeva and Prataarudra as well as
the 'rst ever woman ruler in the subcontinent 0udramadevi. Thea!atiyas ruled fromHanuma!onda in the beginning and shifted their caital to<arangal later. The a!atiyas are !nown for their irrigation ublic wor!s,sculture and 're arts. Than!s to the well-lanned irrigationfacilities and a erfect system of chain tan!s to suit the undulating nature of the terrain, thea!atiya !ingdom 1ourished economically leading to culturalrogress also. Invy of this
auence, several ne ighbouring !ingdoms as well as 8elhiSultanate tried to wage war on <arangal many times and failed.Finally in +%5%, 8elhi armycould lay seiBe on <arangal fort and cature Prataarudra, who,according to the legend, !illed himself on the ban!s of the>armada unwilling tosurrender when he was being ta!en as risoner of war to 8elhi.
o"taat!ya ;nte##e&nu /1323 1496
After Prataarudra was defeated by Mali! afur in +%5%, thea!atiya !ingdom was again fragmented with local governorsdeclaring indeendence andfor about +& years Telangana was again under diEerent rulersli!e Musunuri >aya!as, Padmanaya!as, alinga =angas,=a:aatis, and )ahmanis.
utb"*a*!" /1496 1687Sultan Zuli Zutb Shah, subedar for Telangana under the)ahamanis, with =olconda as his caital, declared hisindeendence in +D6 and sevensultans of this dynasty ruled not only Telangana but the entire Telugu-sea!ing land including arts of resent day Maharashtraand arnata!a. The
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Moghul emire waged war and defeated =olconda in +6C and forabout three decades Telangana was again witnessed chaos andfragmented rulers.
"a$ Ja*!" /17241948n +C+5, Imeror Farru!hsiyar aointed Zamar-ud-din han asthe viceroy of 8eccan and gave him the title >iBam-ul-Mul! . Hewas later recalled to8elhi, with MubariB han aointed as the viceroy. n +C5D,Zamar-ud-din han defeated MubariB han and reclaimed the8eccan suba. t wasestablished as an autonomous rovince of the Mughal emire. Hetoo! the name Asif #ah, starting what came to be !nown as theAsif #ahi dynasty. He
O+5O5&+ Telangana State Portal Historyhtt;OOwww.telangana.gov.inOaboutOhistory %Onamed the area Hyderabad 8eccan. Subse?uent rulers retainedthe title >iBam ul-Mul! and were called Asaf #ahi >iBams or>iBams of Hyderabad. TheMeda! and <arangal divisions of Telangana were art of theirrealm.<hen Asaf #ah died in +CD, there was olitical unrest due tocontention for the throne among his sons, who were aided by
oortunisticneighbouring states and colonial foreign forces. n +C6,Hyderabad city became the formal caital of the >iBams.>asir-ud-dawlah, Asaf #ah K signed the Subsidiary Alliance withthe )ritish in +C and lost its control over the state"s defenseand foreign aEairs.Hyderabad State became a rincely state among the residenciesand rovinces of )ritish ndia.A total of seven >iBam"s ruled Hyderabad. 2there was a eriod of +% years after the rule of Asaf #ah , when three of his sons 2>asir #ung, MuBaEar #ungand Salabath #ung3 ruled. They were not o@cially recognised asthe rulers;>iBam-ul-Mul!, Asaf #ah 2Mir Zamar-ud-din han3>asir #ung 2Mir Ahmed Ali han3MuBaEar #ung 2Mir Hidayat Muhi-ud-din Sa"adullah han3
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Salabat #ung 2Mir Sa"id Muhammad han3>iBam-ul-Mul!, Asaf #ah 2Mir >iBam Ali han3Si!ander #ah, Asaf #ah 2Mir A!bar Ali han3>asir-ud-8aula, Asaf #ah K 2Mir Far?unda Ali han3
AfBal-ud-8aula, Asaf #ah K 2Mir Tahniyath Ali han3Asaf #ah K 2Mir Mahbub Ali han3Asaf #ah K 2Mir $sman Ali han3
o"t!n(epen(ence<hen ndia became indeendent from the )ritish Imire in +DC,Hyderabad remained an indeendent rincely state for a eriod of +% months. The easants of Telangana waged an armed struggle to liberatethe region. Scores of eole lost their lives in the armed struggle.
The rivate militianamed 0aBa!ars, under the leadershi of Zasim 0aBwi unleashedterror in the state by resorting to looting and murder.$n +C Setember +D, the ndian government conducted amilitary oeration called $eration Polo to bring Hyderabad stateinto the ndian 7nion. taointed a civil servant, M. . Kellodi, as 'rst chief minister of Hyderabad State on 56 #anuary +&.n +5, 8r. )urgula 0ama!rishna 0ao was elected chief minister
of the Hyderabad State in its 'rst democratic election. 8uring thistime, there was anagitation by locals in the state to ensure roer reresentationwas given to locals 2 mul!is 3 of Hyderabad.
F!#"t %elan&ana oveentn early +&s, eole of Telangana region in Hyderabad state,started organiBing themselves with a demand for searate state.n +% the ndiangovernment aointed the States 0eorganiBation /ommission2S0/3 to loo! into various statehood demands in the country. The/ommission washeaded by FaBal Ali, avalam Madhava Pani!!ar and H.>. unBru The S0/ toured the whole country to see! reresentations fromvarious sections of the society. Peole of Telangana regionsubmitted several
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memorandums to the S0/ and e(ressed their wish to constitute Telangana as a searate state. Telangana intellectuals such aslate Prof #ayashan!arand olitical leaders such as Sri H/ Heda, Sri onda Ken!at 0anga
0eddy gave memorandums containing historic, olitical,economic, social andcultural :usti'cations for creating the Telangana state. The/ommission submitted its reort on %& Setember +, andrecommended formation of Telangana state.8uring the eriod between + Setember and +6 >ovember,the eole of Telangana launched a series of rotests demandingstatehood byimlementing the S0/ recommendations. )ut intense lobbying by
leaders from Andhra state in >ew 8elhi resulted in the merger of Telangana regionin Andhra state to form the Andhra Pradesh state. Telangana leaders insisted on a =entlemenJs Agreement beforethe merger could ta!e lace. The agreement was signed byAndhra and Telanganaleaders and rovided safeguards with the urose of reventingdiscrimination against Telangana by the Andhra leaders.However,the agreement was
violated from day one by the Andhra leaders.
1969 %elan&ana &!tat!on>on-imlementation of =entlemenJs Agreement and continueddiscrimination to Telangana region in government :obs, educationand ublic sendingresulted in the +6 statehood agitation.n #anuary +6, students intensi'ed the rotests for a searatestate. $n + #anuary, all arty accord was reached to ensure theroerimlementation of Telangana safeguards. Accord"s main ointswere +3 All non-Telangana emloyees holding osts reserved for Telangana locals willbe transferred immediately. 53 Telangana surluses will be usedfor Telangana develoment. %3 Aeal to Telangana students tocall oE agitation.
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O+5O5&+ Telangana State Portal Historyhtt;OOwww.telangana.gov.inOaboutOhistory DO)ut the rotests further intensi'ed, as more and more studentsand emloyees :oined the statehood movement. Police 'ring on
rotesters led to thedeath of about %6 youngsters during this hase of the agitation. Then Prime Minister ndira =andhi called for a high-level meetingto discuss thestatehood issue. After several days of tal!s with leaders of bothregions, on +5 Aril +6, the Prime Minister develoed an IightPoint Plan. Sri M./henna 0eddy, founded the Telangana Pra:a Samithi 2TPS3olitical arty in +6 to searhead the statehood movement.Mrs. ndira =andhi had called sna arliamentary elections in
March +C+. n these arliamentary elections, Telangana Pra:aSamithi won +& out the +DParliament seats in Telangana. However, ndira =andhiJs /ongress203 Party scored a landslide victory on a latform of rogressiveolicies such asoverty elimination 2=aribi Hatao3. She was reluctant to accetthe Telangana statehood demand at that :uncture. Sri M /henna0eddy then merged TPS in /ongress 203 arty, after formulating a Si(-Point Formula to
safeguard TelanganaJs interests. The statehood movementcontinued until +C%, butsubsided later.F!nal %elan&ana oveentSince mid +&s, the eole of Telangana started organiBingthemselves under various organiBations with a demand forsearate state of Telangana.n +C, the state unit of the )haratiya #anata Party 2)#P3 assed aresolution see!ing a searate Telangana. Though the artycreated the states of #har!hand, /hhattisgarh, and 7ttara!hand in 5&&&, it did notcreate a searate Telangana state citing resistance of its coalitionartner, Telugu 8esamParty.
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Sri alva!untla /handrashe!ar 0ao 2/03, who was then the8euty Sea!er of AP State assembly, had started bac!groundwor! on Telangana issue inearly 5&&&. And after detailed discussions and deliberations with
a lethora of Telangana intellectuals, /0 announced the launchof Telangana0ashtra Samithi on May +Cth 5&&+./0 had resigned to the ost of 8euty Sea!er and M4A beforelaunching the Telangana 0ashtra Samithi arty. Prof #ayashan!ar,the ideologue of statehood movement e(tended his suort to /0.n 5&&D, T0S entered into a oll alliance with /ongress arty. Thearty won 56 M4As and MPs and entered into both the AP stateand ndian
government. Telangana issue found a lace in 7PA-+ /ommonMinimum Program. Statehood issue was also mentioned byPresident Abdul alam andPrime Minister Manmohan Singh in their seeches. T0S resident /0, was initially allotted the Shiing ortfolio. )utanother 7PA ally 8M demanded Shiing ortfolio andthreatened to wal! out of the coalition, if its demand was not met, /0 voluntarilyrelin?uished the Shiing ortfolio to save the 1edgling 7PA-+
government. /0 remained as a7nion Minister without ortfolio, before being given the 4 abourand Imloyment ortfolio. As the 7PA government continued todilly-dally on thedecades old demand for Telangana state, /0 resigned to hisministry in 5&&6.<hen a /ongress leader made a belittling statement on thestatehood movement in Setember 5&&6, /0 resigned to thearimnagar 4o! Sabha seatand won it with a thuming ma:ority. The massive ma:orityachieved by /0 in that election roved the strong statehoodasirations in the region.n Aril 5&&, T0S arty M4As resigned also wal!ed out of thestate government in rotest against the delay in Telanganaformation. )ut, T0S couldretain only C M4A and 5 4o! Sabha seats in this by-election.
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n 5&& elections, T0S allied with T8P, /P and /PM arties. Thegrand alliance did not yield the desired result, as the Pro- Telangana vote got slitbetween T0S, /ongress, P0P and )#P. n the end, T0S could win
only +& M4A seats and 5 MP seats.
;nten"!$y!n& t*e oveent$n >ov 5th, 5&& , /0 had announced an inde'nite hungerstri!e demanding statehood to Telangana. )ut en route, the stateolice had arrestedhim and sent to hammam sub-:ail. The movement sread li!ewild're with students, eml oyees, eolesJ organiBationslunging into it. n the ne(t +&days, the whole of Telangana region came to a standstill.
The state government, headed by Sri 0osaiah had called for anall-arty meeting on Cth 8ecember. 4eaders of T8P and P0Parties romised thatthey would suort a Telangana statehood resolution if it wastabled in the state Assembly. As /0Js health was deterioratingvery fast, on 8ec th5&&, the 7PA government announced that the rocess of statehood for Telangana would be initiated.)ut within 5 wee!s, resistance from Seemandhra leadershi
resulted in 7PA bac!trac!ing on this issue. /0 then brought allolitical forces in Telangana region together to form the Telangana #A/ R anumbrella body of several organiBations and arties, with Prof odandaram as its /hairman. T0S cadre and leaders actively articiated in several agitationsand rotests launched by T#A/.State Fo#at!onAfter D years of eaceful and imactful rotests, the 7PAgovernment started the statehood rocess in #uly 5&+% andconcluded the rocess byassing the statehood bill in both houses of Parliament in Feb5&+D.n the =eneral Ilections held in Aril 5&+D, Telangana 0ashtraSamithi emerged victorious by winning 6% of the ++ seats andformed the government.
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Sri /handrashe!ar 0ao was sworn in as the First /hief Ministerof Telangana. The Telangana state was inaugurated formally on #une 5nd 5&+D.
1969 Telangana Agitation
1969 %elan&ana &!tat!on was a olitical movement for the
statehood for Telangana region. t is a ma:or event in Telangana
movement. n the indiscriminate olice 'ring, %6 students
belonging to Telangana were !illed.
/ontents
Lhide
• + History and )ac!ground
• 5 #anuaryRAril +6
• % Iight oint lan
• D =overnment sending diversion
• /henna 0eddy and Telangana Pra:a Samithi
• 6 Memorial
• C 0eferences
History and )ac!groundLedit
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Ma of ndia with the Telangana region highlighted in red
n 8ecember +%, the States 0eorganiBation /ommission was
aointed to reare for the creation of states on linguistic lines.L+ The commission, due to ublic demand, recommendeddisintegration of Hyderabad state and to merge Marathi sea!ing
region with )ombay state and annada sea!ing region
with Mysore state. The States 0eorganisation /ommission 2S0/3
discussed the ros and cons of a merger between Telugu sea!ing
Telangana region of Hyderabad state andAndhra state. Para %CD
of the S0/ reort said GThe creation of Kishalandhra is an ideal to
which numerous individuals and ublic bodies, both in Andhra and
Telangana, have been assionately attached over a long eriod of time, and unless there are strong reasons to the contrary, this
sentiment is entitled to considerationG.8iscussing the case of
Telangana, ara %C of the S0/ reort said G$ne of the rincial
causes of oosition of Kishalandhra also seems to be the
arehension felt by the educationally bac!ward eole of
Telangana that they may be swamed and e(loited by the more
advanced eole of the coastal areas.G n its 'nal analysis S0/
recommended against the immediate merger. n ara %6 it saidGAfter ta!ing all these factors into consideration we have come to
the conclusions that it will be in the interests of Andhra as well as
Telangana, if for the resent, the Telangana area is to constitute
into a searate State, which may be !nown as the Hyderabad
State with rovision for its uni'cation with Andhra after the
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general elections li!ely to be held in or about +6+ if by a two
thirds ma:ority the legislature of the residuary Hyderabad State
e(resses itself in favor of such uni'cation.G
After going through the recommendations of the S0/, the thenHome Minister Pandit =ovind )allabh Pant decided to merge
Andhra state and Telangana to form Andhra Pradesh state on +
>ovember +6 after roviding safeguards to Telangana in the
form of =entlemen"s agreement.
#anuaryRAril +6Ledit
n the years after the formation of Andhra Pradesh state, eole
of Telangana e(ressed dissatisfaction over how theagreementsand guarantees were imlemented. 8iscontent intensi'ed in
#anuary, when the guarantees that had been agreed on were
suosed to lase. All the Andhra emloyees who migrated to
caital city in +6 will be considered "local" in +6 after +5
years of residence er mul!i rules. Student agitation for the
continuation of the agreement began at Palvancha in hammam
district and sread to other arts of the region. $ne section of
students 2which aeared dominant3 wanted a searate state of Telangana while the other wanted imlementation of safeguards.L5
$n + #anuary, all pa#ty acco#( was reached to ensure the
roer imlementation of Telangana safeguards. Accord"s main
oints were
+.All non-Telangana emloyees holding osts reserved for Telangana locals will be transferred immediately
5. Telangana surluses will be used for Telangana develoment
%. Aeal to Telangana students to call oE agitation.L%
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$n #anuary 5%, rotests turned violent when a crowd of about
+&&& agitators tried to set 're to a Sub-nsector"s residence. This
resulted in olice 'ring in which +C eole were in:ured who were
admitted to various hositals. Meanwhile certain Andhra
emloyees challenged the transfer orders romised by the allarty accord,by 'ling a etition in the AP high court. LD$n #anuary
5, Army was called in by the government to maintain law U order
as the Agitation ?uic!ly turned violent.L n February, Mul!i rules
2local :obs for local eole3, as romised in =entleman"s
agreement, were declared by high court as void but this
:udgement was stayed by divisional bench of high court.L6 Zuoting statistics of develoment in Telangana area over the
last +5 years, the chief minister maintained the state of theAndhra Pradesh was GirreversibleG and made an aeal to eole
to hel maintain unity U integrity. LC Protests continued in March,
and a bundh turned violent when rotestors burnt buses.
n Aril, rotestors tried to disrut a meeting of /P 2which was
oosed to the division of the state3 by indulging in stone-elting.
Police had to resort to live 'ring after their attemts to control the
crowd by lathi-charge U 'ring in the air didn"t yield results. n the
ensuing 'ring, % eole were !illed and several in:ured.LL Around
%D arrests were made related to various arson incidents during
the agitation. Then Prime minister ndira =andhi called for a high-
level meeting to discuss the issue while ruling out the division of
the state.L+& After several days of tal!s with leaders of both
regions, on +5 Aril +6, Prime minister came u with !&*t
po!nt plan.L++
Iight oint lanLedit
After several days of tal!s with leaders of both regions, on +5 Aril
+6, Prime minister came u with !&*t po!nt plan.L+5
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!&*t po!nt plan: This lan includes aointment of Five
committees;
+.High-owered committee would be set u to determine
'nancial surluses to Telangana
5. Telangana develoment committee
%.Plan imlementation committee
D./ommittee of :urists to be consulted on safeguards
./ommittees to loo! into grievances of ublic servants
Telangana leaders were not satis'ed with the accord.L+%
=overnment sending diversionLedit
#ustice )hargava committee which loo!ed into Telangana
surluses, found that 5% million ruees diverted from Telangana
to Andhra region between +6 and +6. Iconomist / H
Hanumanth 0ao further analyBed the data from the committee
reort and concluded that for Telangana, cumulative surlus with
interest during that eriod was +.+CD )illion ruees. L+DL+8uringthis eriod, the revenue budget of the state grew from 6 million
ruees in +C to 5.&D billion ruees in +6.L+6L+CL+L+L5&
=overnment emloyees and oosition members of the state
legislative assembly threatened Gdirect actionG in suort of the
students.L5+ Purushotham 0ao was for outright searation, and he
suorted the student views. He unveiled a ma of Telangana in
the state assembly.
L55
/henna 0eddy and Telangana Pra:a SamithiLedit
Although the /ongress faced some dissension within its ran!s, its
leadershi stood against additional linguistic states. As a result,
defectors from the /ongress, led by M. /henna 0eddy, founded
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the Telangana Pra:a Samithi2TPS3 olitical arty in +6 which
intensi'ed the movement. n #une, Prime Minister ndira =andhi
came to Hyderabad to discuss the issue with Telangana leaders.
Telangana emloyee unions started stri!e on #une +& suorting
Telangana movement. Ma:or leaders of the movement were :ailedin #uly and released in August uon court"s intervention.L5% <ith
the success of bye elections, TPS become full 1edged olitical
arty. 8ue to /ongress arty"s refusal of formation of Telangana
state, TPS decided to contest Parliamentary election alone even
though /ongress arty tried to become electoral ally. n the May
+C+ arliamentary elections, Telangana Pra:a Samithi won +& out
the +D Parliament seats in Telangana. L5DL5 8esite these electoral
successes, some of the new arty leaders gave u their agitationin Setember +C+ after realiBing that the Prime Minister was not
inclined to towards a searate state of Telangana, and re:oined
the safer olitical haven of the /ongress ran!s.L56 n a boo!
written by then Secretary of I(ternal AEairs, T.>. aul and
ublished in +5, he mentioned that in +6 Prime minister
ndira =andhi wanted to commence the rocess of formation of a
searate state for Telangana by instructing Sri P.>. Ha!sur, her
senior secretary in the PM$, but she had to withdraw at the lastminute due to intervention by aul who dissuaded her from it by
reminding that HyderabadJs case was ending in the Security
/ouncil.L5C 7nited >ations droed the HyderabadJs case on 5
Setember +C.L5
8uring this eriod, the =overnment romised to correct what
critics saw as a violation of the romises of the =entleman"s
agreement in the areas of :obs, budget allocations, and
educational facilities.L5 Prime Minister ndira =andhi was strongly
against the division of the state, but on her recommendation, P. K.
>arasimha 0ao became the 'rst /hief minister of Andhra Pradesh
from Telangana on %& Setember +C+.L%& L+ L5
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n +C5, candidates of the Telangana Pra:a Samithi arty
contested all the available seats for the assembly elections.
However, only Tha!!alaalli Purushothama 0ao got elected,
from <ardhannaet constituency in <arangal 8istrict.
MemorialLedit
A memorial called =un Par! was built near Public =ardens,
Hyderabad to commemorate students who lost their lives in the
struggles of +6. %6 eole died during this agitation, most of
them were students and were !illed in olice 'ring.L%+L%5L%%
n <arangal the student forces were very strong to
