Importance of Flock Uniformity

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Evonik Degussa GmbH| mportance o oc un orm ty ow can we mprove t n ro ers | pr 1

DL-MethionineImportance of flock uniformity How can we improve it in broilers?

y Tor en G. Ma sen, Evoni In ustries, Hea t & Nutrition ee a itives, Singaporeand Jacob R. Pedersen, Lantmaennen Danpo A S, Denmark

t is we recognize t at roi er uni ormity is ene ciaor optima per ormance on arm. Wit a etter omo-

geneity t e nutrient requirements or t e in ivi ua ir sare ess varia e an ess sa ety margin is nee e to meet

e requirements o a ir s. T ere ore, ee cost can esave an per ormance improve . However, it is not on yon arm eve t at ess variation in ir weig t improvese ciency. To ay, a arge part o roi er meat is purc ase

y retai ers an ast oo c ains. T ese customers aveat er tig t speci cations or t eir purc ase an ai ingo meet t ese speci cations impairs t e va ue o t e out-ut rom t e processing p ant. As iscusse y Cosgri2008 , the lower value is related to several stages ine s aug tering an processing o t e roi ers. It is esti-ate t at t e va ue o carcasses out o spec ecreases

y more t an 40 . T us, poor roi er uni ormity can ea very cost y matter. In t is artic e some o t e reasonsor roi er variation wi e iscusse an recommen a-

ions wi e given to re uce t e impact o ee on roi eroc omogeneity. A itiona y t e actua measurement

o omogeneity wi e iscusse as it is important to ea e to etect w en omogeneity on arm eve is essgoo in or er to active y improve it.

Factors affecting broiler uniformity

e main reasons or oc variation are re ate to t eree , sex o t e ir , an arm management. For years,

one o t e major ree ing goa s as een to improve uni-ormity y se ection o pure ines. T is practice as e touc ig er omogeneity in genetic potentia o to ay s

roi ers. Regar ing t e sex in uce variation it can ocourse e e iminate y sexing t e ir s ut t is practices quite a orious an cost y. Wit mo ern roi er ree s

e i erence in growt pattern o ema e an ma e ir sp to a certain age as een re uce to a eve w ereost roi ers armers operate wit as- atc e grow out

rograms in w o e- ir pro uction systems. T e maineason or poor uni ormity to ay is re ate to t e veryroa term management . One o t e major actorsit in management is o course ee ing practice an ine o owing we wi iscuss ow t at can ave an impact

on oc uni ormity.

Effect of feed homogeneity on flock uniformity

As genetic potentia sets t e upper imit or per ormancee expecte variation wi ecrease w en actua per-

ormance gets c oser to t is imit an t e urt er awaye actua per ormance is rom t e genetic potentia t e

ig er t e variation can e expecte . T us, a nutrientss ou e present in su cient quantities to cover require-ments or optima growt . As variation in nutrient inta ecan occur ue to inconsistent ee composition cause ypoor osing accuracy or incomp ete mixing o ee ingre-

ients, it is i e y t at t ese two actors a ect per or-mance o roi ers. However, t ere are not many stu iesexp oring t is e ect o ee omogeneity on roi er per-ormance an oc omogeneity, ut t e ew stu ies t atave een con ucte c ear y s ow an e ect o poor ee

homogeneity on performance. Cici and Ercan (2003)s owe ow improve ee omogeneity re uce t eariation o s aug ter weig t in ema e an ma e roi ers

Figure 1 , and Duncan 1989 reported lower perfor-mance in roi er starters w en ee omogeneity wasdecreased (Table 1).

Figure 1ect o ee omogene ty on un orm ty o ro ers at s aug ter

(Ciftci and Ercan, 2003).

Homogeneidadenel

pesode

lpollo(CV),

%11

10

9

8

7

6

Homogeneidad del alimento (CV), %30

machos hembras

12,6 8.7

c

t as een argue t at poor ee omogeneity main ya ects ear y i e growt i e it was s own y Duncan1989 where feed intake per chick is relatively low and

at roi ers to a arge extent can compensate impaire


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growt in t e starter perio uring t e grower annis er p ase. However, wit t e constant re uction inays to s aug ter t e starter perio in mo ern roi ersi account or a ig er s are o tota i espan. T isa es t e perio or compensatory growt s orter an

s orter over time an it as een s own in a num er o

stu ies t at impaire roi er per ormance in t e startererio ue to ower amino aci content wi a ect overaer ormance. T us, impaire per ormance in t e startererio is i e y to ave a negative e ect on na weig t,

. e. poor omogeneity at en o t e starter perio can eexpecte to persist unti s aug ter.

Table 1ect o ee omogene ty on ro er per ormance at ays o age

Duncan, 1989

Feed homogeneity (CV*), %

contro 1

e g t at ay , g

Feed conversion ratio, g g 1. 1. 1.

: coe c ent o var at on n

Dosing and mixing of dry amino acids is favorable for

feed homogeneity

oc uni ormity is not on y etermine y t e nutrientspeci cations use or ee ormu ation ut a so y oweven y t e nutrients are istri ute in t e ee mix.

e question is t ere ore ow we ma e sure t at ees omogenous an t at t e amino aci s are even y is-ri ute in t e ee mix.

he following diagrams Figure 3 illustrate the results ofAMINOBatc tests w ic etermine t e coe cient oariation in ee mixtures, comparing t e per ormance ory versus iqui amino aci a itions.

Figure 3ect o supp ementa am no ac source on omogene ty o act ve

substance distribution in feed mixes AMINOBatch test results,Evonik 2009

Compare un er equa pro uction con itions in t ee , a most 40 o a CVs app ying ry a itives were

good CV < 5% and almost 80% were good or fair CV< 10% . On the other hand, just 22% of all results foriqui app ications were goo an a most 50 were poor

(CV > 10%). Thus, using liquid products for amino acid

supp ementation in ee pro uction can e regar e as aris actor or proper ee omogeneity.

Effect of essential nutrient supplementation levels

As mentione it is we ocumente t at e cient eve so essentia amino aci s wi ave a negative e ect onper ormance in roi ers. T is e ect wi e most pro-nounce or met ionine or su p ur containing aminoaci s as t ey are regar e as rst imiting. Basica y, t eresponse in anima per ormance to met ionine concen-ration in ee o ows t e aw o iminis ing returns,

ic means t at increasing eve s o met ionine in eei yie ever sma er increments in per ormance unti

reac ing a maximum w ic is etermine y t e geneticpotentia o t e anima an t e prevai ing environmentan management con itions. Using t e respectiveresponse curves t e optimum ietary amino aci eve sor maximizing weig t gain or reast meat yie or or

minimizing ee conversion can e erive . However,ese ca cu ations are norma y ase on t e ietary

e ects on average per ormance o a oc ut notconsi ering t e e ects o ietary amino aci im a anceon uni ormity o t e roi er oc . A tria was t ere orecon ucte w ere we oo e at t e e ect o gra elevels of dietary methionine on variability CV for body

eig t an reast meat yie as a measure or uni ormity(Table 2). As the results show there were strong effectson average per ormance o ive weig t an reast meatan interesting y t e oc uni ormity was a so strong yimprove y t e supp ementation o DL-Met ionine.

Table 2ect o gra e eve s o - et on ne on ve we g t an reast

meat yield in broilers d 1-42 Lemme, 2003

DL-Methionine supplementation (g / kg)

. . .

ve we g td 42 , g

1 1

, 1 . 11.1 . .

reast meatd 42 , g

, 1 . 1 . 11. .

5 % CV

37 %

39 %

24 % 31 %

22 %

47 %

5 10 % CV > 10 % CV

Dry amino acids additionLiquid addition of amino acids

or hydroxy-analogues

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n a ition, t e o y weig t istri ution curve was ca cu-ate or t e our eve s o DL-Met ionine supp ementa-ion. As s own in Figure 2, on y a very sma raction o

e ir s was actua y wit in t e target range o 1700 to1900 g w en t ey receive ee wit out DL-Met ioninesupp ementation. In contrast, t e raction wit in t e

arget range improve consi era y at t e ig estet ionine supp ementation eve . As mentione a ovee improvement in oc uni ormity wi ave a uge

mpact on t e va ue o t e roi ers w en processe toe na pro uct.

Figure 2ect o etary met onne content on o y we g t str uton

Lemme, 2003 .

1000

Body weight, g

Basal diet

0.04 % DL-Met

0.08 % DL-Met

0.12 % DL-Met

1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600

easurement o ro er omogene ty

A t oug every o y can agree t at uni ormity is impor-ant it as een i cu t to measure an consequent yi erentiate etween armers t at pro uce roi ers wit

goo oc omogeneity an t ose wit ess goo resu ts.en oc omogeneity is not consi ere in t e pay-

ent sc emes t e experience te s us t at it is veryi cu t to improve. T is as an sti is a major ur e to

overcome. However, t ere are now some promisingexperiences rom t e Danis roi er in ustry witp otometric imaging o roi er carcasses s owing t atit is possi e to assess carcass size an composition orindividual birds at the slaughter house Pedersen, 2009 .

e system is ase on equations t at pre ict t e carcass

size an composition ase on p otos o in ivi uaroi ers ta en rom i erent ange s. Current y t e

ro ustness o t e system is eing eva uate , ut accor-ing to t e project manager Jaco R. Pe ersen t e resu tsave so ar een promising. A u imp ementation o t is

system wi a ow to pay armers ase on actua ocuni ormity, upon w ic it is e ieve t at a partnersinvo ve in t e process c ain wi ocus more on improving

omogeneity. T e a itiona va ue t at can e captureroug t at is to t e ene t o a partners in t e roi er

pro uction c ain.

Conclusion

oor oc uni ormity in roi ers can ave a uge e ect onpro ta i ity. Improving ee omogeneity an increasingnutrient eve s in t e ee as we as using easi y mixa enutrient sources can improve roi er uni ormity. In t iscontext, monitoring carcass uni ormity using a p oto-metric system to etermine roi er carcass con ormationin t e s aug tering process as s own promising resu ts.

References

Cicy, I. and A. Ercan 2003 . J. Anim. Feed Sci. 12:163 171

Cosgri, B. 2008 . Poultry International, June issue p. 16 22

Duncan, M. S. 1989 . In: Recent Advances in Animal Proteinro uct on. onsanto atn mer ca ec n ca ympos umrocee ngs pp. 1 .

Lemme, A. 2003 . Evonik Degussa GmbH, Facts & Figureso.

Pedersen, J. 2009 . Evonik Degussa GmbH, Pre-VIV Symposiumpresentat on, ang o .

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Importance of Flock Uniformity