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ImperialismThe practice of building or extending an empire.
- a policy of extending ECONOMIC, POLITICAL OR MILITARY control over a weaker territory.
- any instance of aggressive extension of authority
(PRO) WHAT DO THEY GAIN? WHAT RISKS DO THEY RUN?
Do the pros outweigh the cons? (CON)
DO THE PROS OUTWEIGH THE CONS?????????
1. 1. MONEY-Commercial/BusinesMONEY-Commercial/Busines
s Interests-Natural s Interests-Natural ResourcesResources
1. 1. MONEY-Commercial/BusinesMONEY-Commercial/Busines
s Interests-Natural s Interests-Natural ResourcesResources
U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908
U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908
2.5 Billion
2. 2. POWER-Military/Strategic POWER-Military/Strategic
InterestsInterests
2. 2. POWER-Military/Strategic POWER-Military/Strategic
InterestsInterests“to be strong in the modern world, US products must be sold. To secure these markets, a strong navy is needed”. Capt.
Alfred T. Mahan
“to be strong in the modern world, US products must be sold. To secure these markets, a strong navy is needed”. Capt.
Alfred T. Mahan
3.3. Spread Culture-Social Spread Culture-Social Darwinist ThinkingDarwinist Thinking
3.3. Spread Culture-Social Spread Culture-Social Darwinist ThinkingDarwinist Thinking
The White Man’sBurden
The White Man’sBurden
The Hierarchyof Race
The Hierarchyof Race
4. Religious/Missionary 4. Religious/Missionary InterestsInterests
4. Religious/Missionary 4. Religious/Missionary InterestsInterests
5. Land-Expansion of the U.S.5. Land-Expansion of the U.S.5. Land-Expansion of the U.S.5. Land-Expansion of the U.S.
Commodore Matthew Perry Commodore Matthew Perry Opens Up Japan: 1853Opens Up Japan: 1853
Commodore Matthew Perry Commodore Matthew Perry Opens Up Japan: 1853Opens Up Japan: 1853
Commodore Perry
Commodore Perry
Treaty of Kanagawa: Treaty of Kanagawa: 18541854
Treaty of Kanagawa: Treaty of Kanagawa: 18541854Two Japanese ports are opened to American products
Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani-Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani-18911891
Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani-Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani-18911891
Hawaii for the Hawaiians!
Hawaii for the Hawaiians!
U. S. View of HawaiiansU. S. View of HawaiiansU. S. View of HawaiiansU. S. View of Hawaiians
U. S. Business Interests In U. S. Business Interests In HawaiiHawaii
U. S. Business Interests In U. S. Business Interests In HawaiiHawaii
1893 – AmericanAmericanbusinessmen & US businessmen & US Marines lead anMarines lead anuprising against uprising against Queen Queen Liliuokalani.Liliuokalani.
Sanford Ballard DoleSanford Ballard Dole
- provisional - provisional president of the president of the Republic of Hawaii Republic of Hawaii in 1894.in 1894.
Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898-Pres. McKinley-US TerritoryHawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898-Pres. McKinley-US Territory
Spanish Misrule in CubaSpanish Misrule in CubaSpanish Misrule in CubaSpanish Misrule in Cuba
Jose Marti leadsthe rebels
US Sugar Plantations set US Sugar Plantations set ablaze by Cuban Rebelsablaze by Cuban Rebels
Valeriano WeylerValeriano Weyler’’s s ““ReconcentrationReconcentration”” Policy in Policy in
CubaCuba
Valeriano WeylerValeriano Weyler’’s s ““ReconcentrationReconcentration”” Policy in Policy in
CubaCuba
Will America Help?
De Lôme LetterDe Lôme LetterDe Lôme LetterDe Lôme Letter
Enrique Dupuy de Lôme, Enrique Dupuy de Lôme, Spanish Ambassador to Spanish Ambassador to the U.S.the U.S.
Letter uncovered Feb. Letter uncovered Feb. 1898.1898.
Criticized President Criticized President McKinley as McKinley as ““weakweak”” "THE WORST INSULT TO THE UNITED STATES IN ITS HISTORY". NY Journal
Americans were insulted Americans were insulted ……………………………………
President McKinley sends the President McKinley sends the Maine to CubaMaine to Cuba
Explosion of the U.S.S.Explosion of the U.S.S. Maine, Maine, Havana Harbor, February 15, 1898Havana Harbor, February 15, 1898
The USS MAINEThe USS Maine
Feb. 15, 1898
The USS Maine
Arlington National Cemetery
266 US Soldiers areburied.
Reporting the NEWS-HeadlinesReporting the NEWS-Headlines
• Newspaper A ---Newspaper A ---““Search for Missing Search for Missing Bride ContinuesBride Continues””
• Newspaper B--- Newspaper B--- ““Bride Missing! Bride Missing! GroomGroom’’s Family Blames History of s Family Blames History of Mental IllnessMental Illness””
““Yellow JournalismYellow Journalism”” & & JingoismJingoism
““Yellow JournalismYellow Journalism”” & & JingoismJingoism
Joseph PulitzerJoseph Pulitzer
William Randolph Hearst
William Randolph Hearst
Hearst to Frederick Hearst to Frederick Remington:Remington: ““You furnish the You furnish the pictures,pictures, and I and I’’ll furnish the war!ll furnish the war!””
““Remember the MaineRemember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!and to Hell with Spain!””““Remember the MaineRemember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!and to Hell with Spain!””
WHAT SANK WHAT SANK
THE MAINETHE MAINE
??????????
Theodore RooseveltTheodore RooseveltTheodore RooseveltTheodore RooseveltAssistant Secretary of Assistant Secretary of the Navy during the the Navy during the McKinley McKinley administration.administration.
Imperialist & nationalist.Imperialist & nationalist.
Criticized PresidentCriticized PresidentMcKinley as McKinley as having the having the backbone of a chocolate backbone of a chocolate éclair!éclair!
TR sent Commodore TR sent Commodore Dewey to the Dewey to the Philippines-May 1898Philippines-May 1898
Resigned from his Naval Resigned from his Naval positionposition
6. TR 6. TR Joined: Joined:
The The ““Rough Rough RidersRiders””
6. TR 6. TR Joined: Joined:
The The ““Rough Rough RidersRiders””
Why did the United States Why did the United States invade Cuba?invade Cuba?
• http://historicalthinkingmatters.org/http://historicalthinkingmatters.org/spanishamericanwar/spanishamericanwar/
““Awake United States!”Awake United States!”• This song was rushed into print between the sinking of the This song was rushed into print between the sinking of the MaineMaine on February on February
15, 1898, and the declaration of war on April 25, 189815, 1898, and the declaration of war on April 25, 1898..
Eagle soar on high, and sound the battle cry!Eagle soar on high, and sound the battle cry!
And how proudly sailed the warship And how proudly sailed the warship MaineMaine, ,
a Nation’s pride, without a stain!a Nation’s pride, without a stain!
A wreck she lies, her sailors slain.A wreck she lies, her sailors slain.
By two-faced butchers, paid by Spain!By two-faced butchers, paid by Spain!
Eagle soar on high,Eagle soar on high,
And sound the battle cryAnd sound the battle cry
Wave the starry flag!Wave the starry flag!
In mud it shall not drag!In mud it shall not drag!
Humanitarian EffortsHumanitarian EffortsHumanitarian EffortsHumanitarian Efforts
W.M.
The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War (1898):(1898):
““That Splendid Little WarThat Splendid Little War””
The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War (1898):(1898):
““That Splendid Little WarThat Splendid Little War””
The Rough Riders captured Kettle and San Juan Hills-US Naval forces sunk the entire Spanish Fleet in Cuba. Two months earlier Commodore Dewey destroyed the Spanish
fleet at Manila Bay, Philippines.
The Rough Riders captured Kettle and San Juan Hills-US Naval forces sunk the entire Spanish Fleet in Cuba. Two months earlier Commodore Dewey destroyed the Spanish
fleet at Manila Bay, Philippines.
CUBA
The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War (1898):(1898):
““That Splendid Little WarThat Splendid Little War””
The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War (1898):(1898):
““That Splendid Little WarThat Splendid Little War””
Dewey Captures Manila!Dewey Captures Manila!Dewey Captures Manila!Dewey Captures Manila!
The Treaty of Paris: 1898The Treaty of Paris: 1898The Treaty of Paris: 1898The Treaty of Paris: 1898
Cuba was freed from Spanish rule.Cuba was freed from Spanish rule.
Spain gave Puerto Rico and Guam to Spain gave Puerto Rico and Guam to the United States.the United States.
The U.S. paid SpainThe U.S. paid Spain$20 million for the$20 million for thePhilippines.Philippines.
The U. S. becameThe U. S. becamean imperial power!an imperial power!
Should the United States Should the United States Pursue a Foreign Policy of Pursue a Foreign Policy of
Isolationism or Isolationism or Interventionism?Interventionism?
Create t-Chart Create t-Chart
Imperialism Anti-Imperialism Anti-Imperialism Imperialism
Should the United States Should the United States Pursue a Foreign Policy of Pursue a Foreign Policy of
Isolationism or Isolationism or Interventionism?Interventionism?
Create t-Chart Create t-Chart
Imperialism Anti-Imperialism Anti-Imperialism Imperialism
The American Anti-The American Anti-Imperialist Imperialist
League League
The American Anti-The American Anti-Imperialist Imperialist
League LeagueFounded in 1898. Founded in 1898. Writers, social Writers, social reformers, some reformers, some businessmen & racists.businessmen & racists.
Edward Atkinson, Edward Atkinson, William Jennings William Jennings Bryan, Mark Twain, Bryan, Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, Jane Andrew Carnegie, Jane Addams & Rev.Ames.Addams & Rev.Ames.
Campaigned against Campaigned against the annexation of thethe annexation of thePhilippines and otherPhilippines and otheracts of imperialism.acts of imperialism.
"Now, children, you've got to learn these lessons whether you want to or not!..." The blackboard in the background reads
"The consent of the governed is a good thing in theory, but very rare in fact....England has governed her colonies whether they consented or not. By not waiting for their consent she has greatly advanced the world's civilization....The U.S. must govern its new territories with or without the consent of the governed until they can govern themselves."
Is He To Be a Despot?Is He To Be a Despot?Is He To Be a Despot?Is He To Be a Despot?
Puerto RicoPuerto RicoPuerto RicoPuerto Rico1900 - Foraker ActForaker Act..
Denied Puerto Ricans US citizenshipDenied Puerto Ricans US citizenship
Established a government in PREstablished a government in PR
US President would appoint a governor & US President would appoint a governor & representativesrepresentatives
1917 – 1917 – Jones Act-Puerto Rico= US Jones Act-Puerto Rico= US TerritoryTerritory Puerto Ricans are granted US citizenship-w/o US Puerto Ricans are granted US citizenship-w/o US
voting rightsvoting rights
No tariff duties on PR goods coming into the USNo tariff duties on PR goods coming into the US
PRPR’’s elect their own legislators & governor to enforces elect their own legislators & governor to enforcelocal laws-their gov. or the US President could veto local laws-their gov. or the US President could veto lawslaws
(1993 voted (1993 voted nono for statehood). for statehood).
GUAMGUAM-US Territory=U.S. Citizens (non-voting)-US Territory=U.S. Citizens (non-voting)
Puerto RicoPuerto RicoPuerto RicoPuerto Rico No No tariff tariff duties on PR goods coming into the USduties on PR goods coming into the US
PRPR’’s elect their own legislators & governor to enforces elect their own legislators & governor to enforcelocal laws-their gov. local laws-their gov. or the US President or the US President could veto could veto lawslaws
(1993 voted (1993 voted nono for statehood). for statehood).
GUAMGUAM-US Territory=U.S. Citizens (non-voting)-US Territory=U.S. Citizens (non-voting)
Teller Amendment Teller Amendment (1898)-US would allow Cuban (1898)-US would allow Cuban self-governmentself-government
Platt Amendment-to the Cuban Constitution Platt Amendment-to the Cuban Constitution (1903)(1903)
1.1. Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with foreign powers that would endanger its foreign powers that would endanger its independence.independence.
2.2. The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairsThe U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs
3.3. Cuba would lease Cuba would lease Guantanamo BayGuantanamo Bay to the U.S. to the U.S. for a naval base and coaling station.for a naval base and coaling station.
Cuban IndependenceCuban IndependenceCuban IndependenceCuban Independence
Emilio AguinaldoEmilio AguinaldoEmilio AguinaldoEmilio Aguinaldo
LLeader of the Filipino uprising eader of the Filipino uprising against U.S. occupation.against U.S. occupation.
Three years brutal of war.Three years brutal of war.
• Feb. 4, 1899-US & Filipino forces begin a Feb. 4, 1899-US & Filipino forces begin a 3 1/2 year war (400,000-600,000 / 4,000).3 1/2 year war (400,000-600,000 / 4,000).
• Feb 6, 1899-US votes to annex the islandsFeb 6, 1899-US votes to annex the islands
• March 23, 1901-General Emilio Aguinaldo March 23, 1901-General Emilio Aguinaldo is captured/US Education Programs beginis captured/US Education Programs begin– Sedition Act PassedSedition Act Passed
William H. Taft, 1stWilliam H. Taft, 1stGov.-General of the PhilippinesGov.-General of the Philippines
William H. Taft, 1stWilliam H. Taft, 1stGov.-General of the PhilippinesGov.-General of the Philippines
The Great Great administrator.administrator.
Our Our ““Sphere of InfluenceSphere of Influence””Our Our ““Sphere of InfluenceSphere of Influence””
– By 1916: US agreed to grant independence By 1916: US agreed to grant independence ““as soon as conditions are appropriateas soon as conditions are appropriate””
– 1946: Independence Granted1946: Independence Granted
The Open Door PolicyThe Open Door PolicyThe Open Door PolicyThe Open Door Policy
Sec of State Sec of State John HayJohn Hay..
““Open Door PolicyOpen Door Policy”” Give all nations equal Give all nations equalaccess to trade in China.access to trade in China.
Guaranteed that China would NOT be Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken taken over by any one foreign power.over by any one foreign power.
TheTheOpen Door Open Door
PolicyPolicy
TheTheOpen Door Open Door
PolicyPolicy
The Boxer Rebellion: The Boxer Rebellion: 19001900
The Boxer Rebellion: The Boxer Rebellion: 19001900The Righteous Order of The Righteous Order of
Harmonious Fists-rebellion Harmonious Fists-rebellion against foreigners.against foreigners.
““55 Days at Peking.55 Days at Peking.””
230 Foreigners killed/30,000 230 Foreigners killed/30,000 Chinese Catholic converts Chinese Catholic converts killed.killed.
Multi-national defense -1901Multi-national defense -1901
America as a Pacific America as a Pacific PowerPower
America as a Pacific America as a Pacific PowerPower
Speak Softly,Speak Softly,and Carry a Big Stick!and Carry a Big Stick!
Speak Softly,Speak Softly,and Carry a Big Stick!and Carry a Big Stick!
Treaty of Portsmouth: Treaty of Portsmouth: 19051905
Treaty of Portsmouth: Treaty of Portsmouth: 19051905
Nobel Peace Prize for TeddyNobel Peace Prize for Teddy
The Treaty of Portsmouth1905
* Ended the Russo-Japanese War and Russian “interference” in the Japanese interests in Manchuria and Korea.
* Japan received the right to annex Korea and expand interests in Manchuria.
Root-Takahira Agreement 1908
* US & Japan recognize each other’s colonial claims.
*Japan agreed not to meddle in the affairs of US colonies.
* The “Great White Fleet” of 16 brand new battleships was sent to impress Japan. (EXPLAIN).
The Great White Fleet: 1907The Great White Fleet: 1907The Great White Fleet: 1907The Great White Fleet: 1907
U. S. Global Investments &U. S. Global Investments &Investments in Latin America, Investments in Latin America,
19141914
U. S. Global Investments &U. S. Global Investments &Investments in Latin America, Investments in Latin America,
19141914
Failed negotiations with Columbia led to an orchestrated Panamanian rebellion of their Columbian rulers.
Panama: The KingPanama: The King’’s s CrownCrown
Panama: The KingPanama: The King’’s s CrownCrown
Dr. Walter Reed & Dr. Dr. Walter Reed & Dr. William Gorgas -William Gorgas -conquer yellow fever.conquer yellow fever.
4,500 of 45,000 died 4,500 of 45,000 died from disease or from disease or accidentsaccidents
Construction began in Construction began in 1904, ended 19141904, ended 1914
Cost= $400 millionCost= $400 million
Panama CanalPanama CanalPanama CanalPanama Canal
TR in Panama
US exclusive until 1999
TR in Panama
US exclusive until 1999
The Roosevelt Corollary to The Roosevelt Corollary to the 1823 Monroe Doctrine: the 1823 Monroe Doctrine:
19051905
The Roosevelt Corollary to The Roosevelt Corollary to the 1823 Monroe Doctrine: the 1823 Monroe Doctrine:
19051905““Chronic wrongdoing… Chronic wrongdoing… may in America, as may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately elsewhere, ultimately require intervention require intervention by some civilized by some civilized nation, and in the nation, and in the Western Hemisphere Western Hemisphere the adherence of the the adherence of the United States to the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may Monroe Doctrine may force the United force the United States, however States, however reluctantly, in flagrant reluctantly, in flagrant cases of suchcases of such wrongdoing or wrongdoing or impotence, to the impotence, to the exercise of an exercise of an international police international police powerpower”
The US would police the continent.
Constable of the WorldConstable of the WorldConstable of the WorldConstable of the World
TaftTaft’’s s ““Dollar Dollar DiplomacyDiplomacy””190190
9-19139-1913
TaftTaft’’s s ““Dollar Dollar DiplomacyDiplomacy””190190
9-19139-1913US US businessmenbusinessmen should invest in should invest in underdeveloped underdeveloped nations, rather than nations, rather than lending US dollars. lending US dollars.
The US Gov’t would The US Gov’t would
Sometimes makeSometimes make loans.loans.
The U.S. GovThe U.S. Gov’’t should t should create stability and create stability and order abroad that order abroad that would best promote would best promote AmericaAmerica’’s commercial s commercial interests.interests.
WilsonWilson’’s s ““Moral DiplomacyMoral Diplomacy””- -
Missionary Diplomacy 1913- Missionary Diplomacy 1913-19211921
WilsonWilson’’s s ““Moral DiplomacyMoral Diplomacy””- -
Missionary Diplomacy 1913- Missionary Diplomacy 1913-19211921
The U. S. should be the The U. S. should be the conscienceconscience of the world. of the world.
Deny recognition to any Deny recognition to any Latin American govLatin American gov’’t t that is that is oppressive, oppressive, undemocratic or hostileundemocratic or hostile to US interests. to US interests.
Spread Spread democracydemocracy..
Promote Promote peace.peace.
Condemn Condemn colonialismcolonialism..
WHAT FOREIGN POLICY GOALS DID THE WHAT FOREIGN POLICY GOALS DID THE
U.S ACHIEVE AS A Result of ImperialismU.S ACHIEVE AS A Result of Imperialism? ? • ACQUIRED NEW LAND & EXPANDED ACCESS ACQUIRED NEW LAND & EXPANDED ACCESS
TO FOREIGN MARKETS-allowing US economy TO FOREIGN MARKETS-allowing US economy to grow.to grow.
• BUILT A MODERN NAVY TO PROTECT BUILT A MODERN NAVY TO PROTECT INTERESTS ABROAD.INTERESTS ABROAD.
• EXCERCISED ITS INTERNATIONAL POLICE EXCERCISED ITS INTERNATIONAL POLICE POWER TO ENSURE AMERICAN DOMINANCE POWER TO ENSURE AMERICAN DOMINANCE IN LATIN AMERICAIN LATIN AMERICA
• $$ NEW LAND & FOREIGN MARKETS $$ NEW LAND & FOREIGN MARKETS =ECONOMIC GROWTH=ECONOMIC GROWTH
• NATURAL RESOURCES-$$NATURAL RESOURCES-$$
• A MODERN NAVY TO PROTECT A MODERN NAVY TO PROTECT INTERESTS ABROAD.—POWERINTERESTS ABROAD.—POWER
• INTERNATIONAL POLICE POWERINTERNATIONAL POLICE POWER
