Impact of Stress and Divercity on organisation

8/14/2019 Impact of Stress and Divercity on organisation

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/impact-of-stress-and-divercity-on-organisation 1/79

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

1



OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

Stress is a dynamic condition in witch an individual is confronted with an

opportunity, demand or resource related to what the individual desires and for which

the outcome is perceived to be both uncertain and important. This is a complicated

definition.

Stress is not necessarily bad in and of itself. Although stress is typically

discussed in a negative context, it also has a positive value. It’s an opportunity when it

offers potential gain. Consider for example, the superior performance that an athlete

or stage performer gives in “clutch” situations. Such individuals often use stress

positively to rise to the occasion and perform at or near their maximum. Similarly,

many professionals see the pressures of heavy workloads and deadlines as positive

challenges that enhance the quality of their work and the satisfaction the get from

their job.

But it is different in the case of bank employees. The bank employees are

the people who also have to achieve the certain target and so for the non achievement

of target the employees remain stressed and tensed. The employees who have the

simple table work also have to face the problem of stress. Due to recession the

banking sector is also facing the problem of employee cut-offs and so the work load

of the existing employees increases and the feel stressed.

The types of stress are named as eustress and distress. Distress is the most

commonly-referred to type of stress, having negative implications, whereas eustress

is a positive form of stress, usually related to desirable events in person's life. Both

can be equally taxing on the body, and are cumulative in nature, depending on a

person's way of adapting to a change that has caused it. Stress management is the

2



need of the hour. However hard we try to go beyond a stress situation, life seems to

find new ways of stressing us out and plaguing us with anxiety attacks. Moreover, be

it our anxiety, mind-body exhaustion or our erring attitudes, we tend to overlook

causes of stress and the conditions triggered by those. In such unsettling moments we

often forget that stressors, if not escapable, are fairly manageable and treatable.

Stress, either quick or constant, can induce risky body-mind disorders.

Immediate disorders such as dizzy spells, anxiety attacks, tension, sleeplessness,

nervousness and muscle cramps can all result in chronic health problems. They may

also affect our immune, cardiovascular and nervous systems and lead individuals to

habitual addictions, which are inter-linked with stress.

Like "stress reactions", "relaxation responses" and stress management techniques are

some of the body's important built-in response systems. As a relaxation response the

body tries to get back balance in its homeostasis. Some hormones released during the

'fight or flight' situation prompt the body to replace the lost carbohydrates and fats,

and restore the energy level. The knotted nerves, tightened muscles and an exhausted

mind crave for looseness. Unfortunately, today, we don't get relaxing and soothing

situations without asking. To be relaxed we have to strive to create such situations.

This research is to carry out the study that how much stressed the employees

of the banks are and how do their stress affect their work life, social life, output etc. so

a sample of 14 to 15 employees are selected from all the three banks for the research

of stress among them.

3



SCOPE OF THE STUDY

4





sign, recruitment and selection, orientation and placement, training and development,

performance appraisal and job evaluation, employee and executive remuneration,

motivation and communication, welfare, safety and health, industrial relations and the

like.

HRM is a broad concept Personnel management and human resource

development is a part of HRM.

Before we define “Human Resource Management”, it seems good to

first define heterogeneous in the sense that they differ in personality,

perception, emotions, values, attitudes, motives, and modes of thoughts.

Human resource management plays an important role in the

development process of modern economy. In fact it is said that all the

development comes from the human mind.

“ Human Resource Management is a process of producing

development, maintaining and controlling human resources for effective

achievement of organization goals.”

6



LITERATURE REVIEW

7



LITERATURE REVIEW

INTRODUCTION TO STRESS

A lot of research has been conducted into stress over the last hundred

years. Some of the theories behind it are now settled and accepted; others are still

being researched and debated. During this time, there seems to have been something

approaching open warfare between competing theories and definitions: Views have

been passionately held and aggressively defended.

What complicates this is that intuitively we all feel that we know what

stress is, as it is something we have all experienced. A definition should therefore be

obvious…except that it is not.

Definition:

Hans Selye was one of the founding fathers of stress research. His view in

1956 was that “stress is not necessarily something bad – it all depends on how you

take it. The stress of exhilarating, creative successful work is beneficial, while that of

failure, humiliation or infection is detrimental.” Selye believed that the biochemical

effects of stress would be experienced irrespective of whether the situation was

positive or negative.

Since then, a great deal of further research has been conducted, and ideas

have moved on. Stress is now viewed as a "bad thing", with a range of harmful

8



biochemical and long-term effects. These effects have rarely been observed in

positive situations.

The most commonly accepted definition of stress (mainly attributed to

Richard S Lazarus) is that stress is a condition or feeling experienced when a

person perceives that “demands exceed the personal and social resources the

individual is able to mobilize.” In short, it's what we feel when we think we've lost

control of events.

This is the main definition used by this section of Mind Tools, although

we also recognize that there is an intertwined instinctive stress response to unexpected

events. The stress response inside us is therefore part instinct and part to do with the

way we think.

The types of stress are as follows

Mechanical

• Stress (physics), the average amount of force exerted per unit area.

• Yield stress, the stress at which a material begins to deform plastically.

• Compressive stress, the stress applied to materials resulting in their

compaction.

Biological

• Stress (biological), physiological or psychological stress; some types include:

o Chronic stress, persistent stress which can lead to illness and mental

disorder

9



o Eustress, positive stress that can lead to improved long-term

functioning

o Workplace stress, stress caused by employment

Music

• Accent (music).

• Stress (band), an early '80s melodic rock band from San Diego.

• Stress (punk band), an early '80s punk rock band from Athens.

• Stress (Neo-Psychedelic band), from the late 1980's.

• Stress, a song by the French band Justice on their debut album

Other

• Stress (game), card game

•

Stress (linguistics), phonological use of prominence in language

Stress (physics), the average amount of force exerted per unit area.

Stress is a measure of the average amount of force exerted per unit area. It is a

measure of the intensity of the total internal forces acting within a body across

imaginary internal surfaces, as a reaction to external applied forces and body

forces. It was introduced into the theory of elasticity by Cauchy around 1822.

Stress is a concept that is based on the concept of continuum. In general, stress is

expressed as

10



Where

Is the average stress, also called engineering or nominal stress, and

Is the force acting over the area .

Chronic Stress

Chronic stress is stress that lasts a long time or occurs frequently. Chronic stress is

potentially damaging.

Symptoms of chronic stress can be:

• upset stomach

• headache

• backache

• insomnia

• anxiety

• depression

• anger

In the most severe cases it can lead to panic attacks or a panic disorder.

There are a variety of methods to control chronic stress, including exercise, healthy

diet, stress management, relaxation techniques, adequate rest, and relaxing hobbies.

Ensuring a healthy diet containing magnesium may help control or eliminate stress, in

those individuals with lower levels of magnesium or those who have a magnesium

deficiency. Chronic stress can also lead to a magnesium deficiency, which can be a

11



factor in continued chronic stress, and a whole host of other negative medical

conditions caused by a magnesium deficiency.

It has been discovered that there is a huge upsurge in the number of people who suffer

from this condition. A very large number of these new cases suffer from insomnia.

In a review of the scientific literature on the relationship between stress and disease,

the authors found that stress plays a role in triggering or worsening depression and

cardiovascular disease and in speeding the progression of HIV/AIDS.

Compressive stress:

Compressive stress is the stress applied to materials resulting in their

compaction (decrease of volume). When a material is subjected to compressive stress,

then this material is under compression. Usually, compressive stress applied to bars,

columns, etc. leads to shortening.

Loading a structural element or a specimen will increase the compressive stress until

the reach of compressive strength. According to the properties of the material, failure

will occur as yield for materials with ductile behavior (most metals, some soils and

plastics) or as rupture for brittle behavior (geometries, cast iron, glass, etc).

In long, slender structural elements -- such as columns or truss bars -- an increase of

compressive force F leads to structural failure due to buckling at lower stress than the

compressive strength.

Compressive stress has stress units (force per unit area), usually with negative values

to indicate the compaction. However in geotechnical engineering, compressive stress

is represented with positive values.

12



RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

13



RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

(2.1) Research Objective: -

Stress is a dynamic condition in witch an individual is confronted with an

opportunity, demand or resource related to what the individual desires and for which

the outcome is perceived to be both uncertain and important. This is a complicated

definition.

Stress is not necessarily bad in and of itself. Although stress is typically

discussed in a negative context, it also has a positive value. It’s an opportunity when it

offers potential gain. Consider for example, the superior performance that an athlete

or stage performer gives in “clutch” situations. Such individuals often use stress

positively to rise to the occasion and perform at or near their maximum. Similarly,

many professionals see the pressures of heavy workloads and deadlines as positive

challenges that enhance the quality of their work and the satisfaction the get from

their job.

But it is different in the case of bank employees. The bank employees are

the people who also have to achieve the certain target and so for the non achievement

of target the employees remain stressed and tensed. The employees who have the

simple table work also have to face the problem of stress. Due to recession the

banking sector is also facing the problem of employee cut-offs and so the work load

of the existing employees increases and the feel stressed.

14







person's way of adapting to a change that has caused it. Stress management is the

need of the hour. However hard we try to go beyond a stress situation, life seems to

find new ways of stressing us out and plaguing us with anxiety attacks. Moreover, be

it our anxiety, mind-body exhaustion or our erring attitudes, we tend to overlook

causes of stress and the conditions triggered by those. In such unsettling moments we

often forget that stressors, if not escapable, are fairly manageable and treatable.

Stress, either quick or constant, can induce risky body-mind disorders.

Immediate disorders such as dizzy spells, anxiety attacks, tension, sleeplessness,

nervousness and muscle cramps can all result in chronic health problems. They may

also affect our immune, cardiovascular and nervous systems and lead individuals to

habitual addictions, which are inter-linked with stress.

Like "stress reactions", "relaxation responses" and stress management techniques are

some of the body's important built-in response systems. As a relaxation response the

body tries to get back balance in its homeostasis. Some hormones released during the

'fight or flight' situation prompt the body to replace the lost carbohydrates and fats,

and restore the energy level. The knotted nerves, tightened muscles and an exhausted

mind crave for looseness. Unfortunately, today, we don't get relaxing and soothing

situations without asking. To be relaxed we have to strive to create such situations.

15



This research is to carry out the study that how much stressed the employees

of the banks are and how do their stress affect their work life, social life, output etc. so

a sample of 14 to 15 employees are selected from all the three banks for the research

of stress among them.

(2.2) Sampling

Sample: I have taken the sample of 35 employees from three different banks of

Bhavnagar. All the employees were of the same designations.

Reason: As we find the employees of the bank to be more stressful as more and more

employees are taking VRS and are dismissed because of inflation. I have selected

only those three banks which are affiliated to the public and are specialized in

consumer needs fulfillment.

It is incumbent on the researcher to clearly define the target population.

There are no strict rules to follow, and the researcher must rely on logic and

judgment. The population is defined in keeping with the objectives of the study.

Sometimes, the entire population will be sufficiently small, and the

researcher can include the entire population in the study. This type of research is

called a census study because data is gathered on every member of the population.

Usually, the population is too large for the researcher to attempt to survey

all of its members. A small, but carefully chosen sample can be used to represent the

16



population. The sample reflects the characteristics of the population from which it is

drawn.

Sampling methods are classified as either probability or non probability.

In probability samples, each member of the population has a known non-zero

probability of being selected. Probability methods include random sampling,

systematic sampling, and stratified sampling. In non probability sampling, members

are selected from the population in some nonrandom manner. These include

convenience sampling, judgment sampling, quota sampling, and snowball sampling.

The advantage of probability sampling is that sampling error can be calculated.

Sampling error is the degree to which a sample might differ from the population.

When inferring to the population, results are reported plus or minus the sampling

error. In non probability sampling, the degree to which the sample differs from the

population remains unknown.

Random sampling is the purest form of

probability sampling. Each member of the population has an equal and

known chance of being selected. When there are very large populations,

it is often difficult or impossible to identify every member of the

population, so the pool of available subjects becomes biased.

Systematic sampling is often used instead of

random sampling. It is also called an N th name selection technique. After

the required sample size has been calculated, every Nth record is selected

from a list of population members. As long as the list does not contain

17



any hidden order, this sampling method is as good as the random

sampling method. Its only advantage over the random sampling

technique is simplicity. Systematic sampling is frequently used to select

a specified number of records from a computer file.

Stratified sampling is commonly used

probability method that is superior to random sampling because it

reduces sampling error. A stratum is a subset of the population that

shares at least one common characteristic. The researcher first identifies

the relevant stratums and their actual representation in the population.

Random sampling is then used to select subjects from each stratum until

the number of subjects in that stratum is proportional to its frequency in

the population. Stratified sampling is often used when one or more of the

stratums in the population have a low incidence relative to the other

stratums.

Convenience sampling is used in exploratory

research where the researcher is interested in getting an inexpensive

approximation of the truth. As the name implies, the sample is selected

because they are convenient. This non-probability method is often used

during preliminary research efforts to get a gross estimate of the results,

without incurring the cost or time required to select a random sample.

Judgment sampling is a common non-

probability method. The researcher selects the sample based on

judgment. This is usually and extension of convenience sampling. For

18



example, a researcher may decide to draw the entire sample from one

"representative" city, even though the population includes all cities.

When using this method, the researcher must be confident that the

chosen sample is truly representative of the entire population.

Quota sampling is the non-probability

equivalent of stratified sampling. Like stratified sampling, the researcher

first identifies the stratums and their proportions as they are represented

in the population. Then convenience or judgment sampling is used to

select the required number of subjects from each stratum. This differs

from stratified sampling, where the stratums are filled by random

sampling.

Snowball sampling is a special non-probability

method used when the desired sample characteristic is rare. It may be

extremely difficult or cost prohibitive to locate respondents in these

situations. Snowball sampling relies on referrals from initial subjects to

generate additional subjects. While this technique can dramatically lower

search costs, it comes at the expense of introducing bias because the

technique itself reduces the likelihood that the sample will represent a

good cross section from the population.

(2.3) Research Instrument: -

19





USE & IMPORTANCE OF

STRESS

21



USE & IMPORTANCE OF STRESS

Stress in Biological terms:

Stress is a biological term which refers to the consequences of the failure of a human

or animal body to respond appropriately to emotional or physical threats to the

organism, whether actual or imagined. It includes a state of alarm and adrenaline

production, short-term resistance as a coping mechanism, and exhaustion. It refers to

the inability of a human or animal body to respond. Common stress symptoms include

irritability, muscular tension, inability to concentrate and a variety of physical

reactions, such as headaches and accelerated heart rate.

The term "stress" was first used by the endocrinologist Hans Selye in the 1930s to

identify physiological responses in laboratory animals. He later broadened and

popularized the concept to include the perceptions and responses of humans trying to

adapt to the challenges of everyday life. In Selye's terminology, "stress" refers to the

reaction of the organism, and "stressor" to the perceived threat. Stress in certain

circumstances may be experienced positively. Eustress, for example, can be an

22



adaptive response prompting the activation of internal resources to meet challenges

and achieve goals.

The term is commonly used by laypersons in a metaphorical rather than literal or

biological sense, as a catch-all for any perceived difficulties in life. It also became a

euphemism, a way of referring to problems and eliciting sympathy without being

explicitly confessional, just "stressed out". It covers a huge range of phenomena from

mild irritation to the kind of severe problems that might result in a real breakdown of

health. In popular usage almost any event or situation between these extremes could

be described as stressful.

What is Stress?

Stress refers to the strain from the conflict between our external environment and us,

leading to emotional and physical pressure. In our fast paced world, it is impossible to

live without stress, whether you are a student or a working adult. There is both

positive and negative stress, depending on each individual’s unique perception of the

tension between the two forces. Not all stress is bad. For example, positive stress, also

known as eustress, can help an individual to function at optimal effectiveness and

efficiency.

Hence, it is evident that some form of positive stress can add more color and vibrancy

to our lives. The presence of a deadline, for example, can push us to make the most of

our time and produce greater efficiency. It is important to keep this in mind, as stress

management refers to using stress to our advantage, and not on eradicating the

presence of stress in our lives.

23



On the other hand, negative stress can result in mental and physical strain. The

individual will experience symptoms such as tensions, headaches, irritability and in

extreme cases, heart palpitations. Hence, whilst some stress may be seen as a

motivating force, it is important to manage stress levels so that it does not have an

adverse impact on your health and relationships.

Part of managing your stress levels include learning about how stress can affect you

emotionally and physically, as well as how to identify if you are performing at your

optimal stress level (OSL) or if you are experiencing negative stress. This knowledge

will help you to identify when you need to take a break, or perhaps seek professional

help. It is also your first step towards developing techniques to managing your stress

levels.

Modern day stresses can take the form of monetary needs, or emotional frictions.

Competition at work and an increased workload can also cause greater levels of stress.

How do you identify if you are suffering from excessive stress? Psychological

symptoms commonly experienced include insomnia, headaches and an inability to

focus. Physical symptoms take the form of heart palpitations, breathlessness,

excessive sweating and stomachaches.

What causes stress? There are many different causes of stress, and that which causes

stress is also known as a stressor. Common lifestyle stressors include performance,

threat, and bereavement stressors, to name a few. Performance stressors are triggered

when an individual is placed in a situation where he feels a need to excel. This could

be during performance appraisals, lunch with the boss, or giving a speech. Threat

stressors are usually when the current situation poses a dangerous threat, such as an

24



economic downturn, or from an accident. Lastly, bereavement stressors occur when

there is a sense of loss such as the death of a loved one, or a prized possession.

Thus, there are various stressors, and even more varied methods and techniques of

dealing with stress and turning it to our advantages. In order to do so, we must learn

to tell when we have crossed the line from positive to negative stress.

Good stress v/s Bad stress:

Stress has often been misunderstood to be negative, with few people acknowledging

the importance and usefulness of positive stress. In our everyday lives, stress is

everywhere and definitely unavoidable; hence our emphasis should be on

differentiating between what is good stress, and what is bad. This will help us to learn

to cope with negative stress, and harness the power of positive stress to help us

achieve more.

There are 4 main categories of stress, namely eustress, distress, hyper stress and hypo

stress. Negative stress can cause many physical and psychological problems, whilst

positive stress can be very helpful for us. Here’s how we differentiate between them.

Eustress:

this is a positive form of stress, which prepares your mind and body for the imminent

challenges that it has perceived. Eustress is a natural physical reaction by your body

which increases blood flow to your muscles, resulting in a higher heart rate. Athletes

before a competition or perhaps a manager before a major presentation would do well

with eustress, allowing them to derive the inspiration and strength that is needed.

25



Distress

We are familiar with this word, and know that it is a negative form of stress. This

occurs when the mind and body is unable to cope with changes, and usually occurs

when there are deviations from the norm. They can be categorized into acute stress

and chronic stress. Acute stress is intense, but does not last for long. On the other

hand, chronic stress persists over a long period of time. Trigger events for distress

can be a change in job scope or routine that the person is unable to handle or cope

with.

Hyper stress

This is another form of negative stress that occurs when the individual is unable to

cope with the workload. Examples include highly stressful jobs, which require longer

working hours than the individual can handle. If you suspect that you are suffering

from hyper stress, you are likely to have sudden emotional breakdowns over

insignificant issues, the proverbial straws that broke the camel’s back. It is important

for you to recognize that your body needs a break, or you may end up with severe and

chronic physical and psychological reactions.

Hypo stress

Lastly, hypo stress occurs when a person has nothing to do with his time and feels

constantly bored and unmotivated. This is due to an insufficient amount of stress;

hence some stress is inevitable and helpful to us. Companies should avoid having

workers who experience hypo stress as this will cause productivity and mindfulness to

fall. If the job scope is boring and repetitive, it would be a good idea to implement

some form of job rotation so that there is always something new to learn.

26







person's way of adapting to a change that has caused it.

Coping with Stress at Work place

With the rapid advancement of technology, the stresses faced at work have also

increased. Many people dread going to work, hence the term “Monday Blues”. What

is the reason for this? There is partly the fear from being retrenched in bad times,

leading to greater job insecurity on the part of those who remain. Undoubtedly,

occupational stress is one of the most commonly cited stressors faced by people all

over the world.

Stress refers to the pressure and reactions to our environment which results in

psychological and physical reactions. Whilst some stress is good for motivation and

increasing efficiency, too much stress can result in negative impacts such as reduced

effectiveness and efficiency. More and more people are feeling isolated and

disrespected at work, and this has led to greater occupational stress. Many companies

have taken to consulting experts and professionals on ways to increase connectedness

and motivation of their employees.

Some companies organize parties and make their employees feel valued at work.

These are measures to motivate employees and help them to feel secure at their jobs,

translating into greater productivity. However, not all companies have such measures

27



in place, and some have not gotten it quite right. Hence, it is up to you to make sure

that you can cope with stress at your workplace, and use it to help you work better.

Here are 3 simple steps to help you with coping with stress in the workplace.

Step 1: Raising Awareness

Help yourself to identify when you are facing rising levels of stress, tipping the scales

from positive to negative. This is important, as being able to identify signs of being

stressed can help you to take steps to ensure that your overall quality of life does not

drop. If left unacknowledged, the problem will only snowball, leading to disastrous

consequences to your health and overall wellbeing.

You can identify if you are feeling stressed by checking if you have any physical or

psychological reactions, such as excessive sweating or heart palpitations, or the onset

of headaches, irritability or the need to escape. If you experience any of these

reactions, identify if you are feeling any overwhelming negative emotions, and if you

are constantly worried.

Step 2: Identify the Cause

You need to be able to analyze the situation and identify what is causing the rise in

stress. These stressors can be external and internal. External stressors refer to things

beyond your control, such as the environment or your colleagues at work. Internal

stressors refer to your own thinking and attitude. Often, we only start reacting to stress

when a combination of stressors working together exceeds our ability to cope.

Keep a diary or a list of events that have caused you to feel strong negative emotions,

or that are likely stressors. This will help you to identify the causes of your stress.

28



Whilst it is not always possible to eradicate them, we can change the way that we

cope with it.

Step 3: Coping with Stress

In order to deal with the situation that is causing you stress, you need to calm your

mind and body so as to stave off the reactions and cope with it in a positive way. This

can be through different methods, such as taking time off. If a situation is triggering

your stress and you are unable to calm down, remove yourself from it. Go outside and

take a walk to calm down. Alternatively, you can try implementing relaxation

techniques such as deep breathing. If it is an internal stressor, stop your thought

process until you are able to deal with it logically.

The key to making these 3 steps work for you is to practice them. These are not

instantaneous solutions, and you need to condition your mind and practice them so

that you can implement it when you are feeling stressed.

Stress Management

Stress management is the need of the hour. However hard we try to go

beyond a stress situation, life seems to find new ways of stressing us out and plaguing

us with anxiety attacks. Moreover, be it our anxiety, mind-body exhaustion or our

erring attitudes, we tend to overlook causes of stress and the conditions triggered by

those. In such unsettling moments we often forget that stressors, if not escapable, are

fairly manageable and treatable.

Stress, either quick or constant, can induce risky body-mind disorders. Immediate

disorders such as dizzy spells, anxiety attacks, tension, sleeplessness, nervousness and

29



muscle cramps can all result in chronic health problems. They may also affect our

immune, cardiovascular and nervous systems and lead individuals to habitual

addictions, which are inter-linked with stress.

Like "stress reactions", "relaxation responses" and stress management

techniques are some of the body's important built-in response systems. As a relaxation

response the body tries to get back balance in its homeostasis. Some hormones

released during the 'fight or flight' situation prompt the body to replace the lost

carbohydrates and fats, and restore the energy level. The knotted nerves, tightened

muscles and an exhausted mind crave for looseness. Unfortunately, today, we don't

get relaxing and soothing situations without asking. To be relaxed we have to strive to

create such situations.

Recognizing a stressor:

It is important to recognize whether you are under stress or out of it. Many times,

even if we are under the influence of a stressful condition and our body reacts to it

internally as well as externally, we fail to realize that we are reacting under stress.

This also happens when the causes of stress are there long enough for us to get

habituated to them. The body constantly tries to tell us through symptoms such as

rapid palpitation, dizzy spells, tight muscles or various body aches that something is

wrong. It is important to remain attentive to such symptoms and to learn to cope with

the situations.

We cope better with stressful situation, when we encounter them voluntarily. In cases

of relocation, promotion or layoff, adventurous sports or having a baby, we tend to

respond positively under stress. But, when we are compelled into such situations

against our will or knowledge, more often than not, we wilt at the face of unknown

30



and imagined threats. For instance, stress may mount when one is coerced into

undertaking some work against one's will.

Laughter:

Adopting a humorous view towards life's situations can take the edge off everyday

stressors. Not being too serious or in a constant alert mode helps maintain the

equanimity of mind and promote clear thinking. Being able to laugh stress away is the

smartest way to ward off its effects.

A sense of humor also allows us to perceive and appreciate the incongruities of life

and provides moments of delight. The emotions we experience directly affect our

immune system. The positive emotions can create neurochemical changes that buffer

the immunosuppressive effects of stress.

During stress, the adrenal gland releases corticosteroids, which are converted to

cortical in the blood stream. These have an immunosuppressive effect. Dr. Lee Berk

and fellow researcher Dr. Stanley Tan at Loma Linda University School of Medicine

have produced carefully controlled studies showing that the experience of laughter

lowers serum cortical levels, increases the amount and activity of T lymphocytes—the

natural killer cells. Laughter also increases the number of T cells that have suppresser

receptors.

What Laughter Can Do Against Stress And Its Effects ?

• Laughter lowers blood pressure and reduces hypertension.

• It provides good cardiac conditioning especially for those who are unable to perform

physical exercise.

31



• Reduces stress hormones (studies shows, laughter induces reduction of at least four

of neuroendocrine hormones—epinephrine, cortical, dopac, and growth hormone,

associated with stress response).

• Laughter cleanses the lungs and body tissues of accumulated stale air as it empties

more air than it takes in. It is beneficial for patients suffering from emphysema and

other respiratory ailments.

• It increases muscle flexion, relaxation and fluent blood circulation in body.

• Boosts immune function by raising levels of infection-fighting T-cells, disease-

fighting proteins called Gamma-interferon and disease-destroying antibodies called B-

cells.

• Laughter triggers the release of endorphins—body's natural painkillers.

• Produces a general sense of well-being.

Workplace Stress

Workplace stress is the harmful physical and emotional response that occurs when

there is a poor match between job demands and the capabilities, resources, or needs of

the worker. Stress-related disorders encompass a broad array of conditions, including

psychological disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder) and

other types of emotional strain (e.g., dissatisfaction, fatigue, tension, etc.),

maladaptive behaviors (e.g., aggression, substance abuse), and cognitive impairment

(e.g., concentration and memory problems). In turn, these conditions may lead to poor

work performance or even injury. Job stress is also associated with various biological

reactions that may lead ultimately to compromised health, such as cardiovascular

disease.

32



Stress is a prevalent and costly problem in today's workplace. About one-third of

workers report high levels of stress. One-quarter of employees view their jobs as the

number one stressor in their lives. Three-quarters of employees believe the worker has

more on-the-job stress than a generation ago. Evidence also suggests that stress is the

major cause of turnover in organizations.

Health and Healthcare Utilization

Problems at work are more strongly associated with health complaints than are any

other life stressor-more so than even financial problems or family problems. Many

studies suggest that psychologically demanding jobs that allow employees little

control over the work process increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. On the basis

of research by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and many

other organizations, it is widely believed that job stress increases the risk for

development of back and upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders. High levels of

stress are associated with substantial increases in health service utilization. Workers

who report experiencing stress at work also show excessive health care utilization. In

a 1998 study of 46,000 workers, health care costs were nearly 50% greater for

workers reporting high levels of stress in comparison to “low risk” workers. The

increment rose to nearly 150%, an increase of more than $1,700 per person annually,

for workers reporting high levels of both stress and depression. Additionally, periods

of disability due to job stress tend to be much longer than disability periods for other

occupational injuries and illnesses.

33





the previous three decades, especially for women. According to the Department of

Labor, there has been an upward trend in hours worked among employed women, an

increase in extended work weeks (>40 hours) by men, and a considerable increase in

combined working hours among working couples, particularly couples with young

children.

Signs of Workplace Stress

Mood and sleep disturbances, upset stomach and headache, and disturbed

relationships with family; friends and girlfriends or boyfriends are examples of stress-

related problems. The effects of job stress on chronic diseases are more difficult to see

because chronic diseases take a long time to develop and can be influenced by many

factors other than stress. Nonetheless, evidence is rapidly accumulating to suggest that

stress plays an important role in several types of chronic health problems-especially

cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disorders, and psychological disorders.

Prevention

A combination of organizational change and stress management is often the most

useful approach for preventing stress at work.

How to Change the Organization to Prevent Job Stress

• Ensure that the workload is in line with workers' capabilities and resources.

• Design jobs to provide meaning, stimulation, and opportunities for workers to

use their skills.

• Clearly define workers' roles and responsibilities.

35



• Give workers opportunities to participate in decisions and actions affecting

their jobs.

• Improve communications-reduce uncertainty about career development and

future employment prospects.

• Provide opportunities for social interaction among workers.

• Establish work schedules that are compatible with demands and

responsibilities outside the job.

• Discrimination inside the workplace. (e.g. nationality and language )

St. Paul Fire and Marine Insurance Company conducted several studies on the effects

of stress prevention programs in hospital settings. Program activities included (1)

employee and management education on job stress, (2) changes in hospital policies

and procedures to reduce organizational sources of stress, and (3) establishment of

employee assistance programs. In one study, the frequency of medication errors

declined by 50% after prevention activities was implemented in a 700-bed hospital. In

a second study, there was a 70% reduction in malpractice claims in 22 hospitals that

implemented stress prevention activities. In contrast, there was no reduction in claims

in a matched group of 22 hospitals that did not implement stress prevention activities.

Reduce your stress

1. Job analysis: - We have all experienced that appalling sense of having far too

much work to do and too little time to do it in. We can choose to ignore this, and work

unreasonably long hours to stay on top of our workload. The risks here are that we

become exhausted, that we have so much to do that we do a poor quality job and that

we neglect other areas of our life. Each of these can lead to intense stress.

36



The alternative is to work more intelligently, by focusing on the things that are

important for job success and reducing the time we spend on low priority tasks. Job

Analysis is the first step in doing this.

The first of the action-oriented skills that we look at is Job Analysis. Job Analysis is a

key technique for managing job overload – an important source of stress.

To do an excellent job, you need to fully understand what is expected of you. While

this may seem obvious, in the hurly-burly of a new, fast-moving, high-pressure role, it

is oftentimes something that is easy to overlook.

By understanding the priorities in your job, and what constitutes success within it, you

can focus on these activities and minimize work on other tasks as much as possible.

This helps you get the greatest return from the work you do, and keep your workload

under control.

Job Analysis is a useful technique for getting a firm grip on what really is important in

your job so that you are able to perform excellently. It helps you to cut through clutter

and distraction to get to the heart of what you need to do.

2. Rational & positive thinking: -

You are thinking negatively when you fear the future, put yourself down, criticize

yourself for errors, doubt your abilities, or expect failure. Negative thinking damages

confidence, harms performance and paralyzes mental skills.

Unfortunately, negative thoughts tend to flit into our consciousness, do their damage

and flit back out again, with their significance having barely been noticed. Since we

barely realize that they were there, we do not challenge them properly, which means

that they can be completely incorrect and wrong.

37





Rational Thinking

The next step in dealing with negative thinking is to challenge the negative thoughts

that you identified using the Thought Awareness technique. Look at every thought

you wrote down and challenge it rationally. Ask yourself whether the thought is

reasonable. What evidence is there for and against the thought? Would your

colleagues and mentors agree or disagree with it?

Looking at the examples, the following challenges could be made to the negative

thoughts we identified earlier:

• Feelings of inadequacy: Have you trained yourself as well as you reasonably

should have? Do you have the experience and resources you need to make the

presentation? Have you planned, prepared and rehearsed enough? If you have

done all of these, you've done as much as you can to give a good performance.

• Worries about performance during rehearsal: If some of your practice was

less than perfect, then remind yourself that the purpose of the practice is to

identify areas for improvement, so that these can be sorted out before the

performance.

• Problems with issues outside your control: Have you identified the risks of

these things happening, and have you taken steps to reduce the likelihood of

them happening or their impact if they do? What will you do if they occur?

And what do you need others to do for you?

• Worry about other people's reactions: If you have prepared well, and you

do the best you can, then you should be satisfied. If you perform as well as

39



you reasonably can, then fair people are likely to respond well. If people are

not fair, the best thing to do is ignore their comments and rise above them.

Tip:

Don't make the mistake of generalizing a single incident. OK, you made a mistake at

work, but that doesn't mean you're bad at your job.

Similarly, make sure you take the long view about incidents that you're finding

stressful. Just because you're finding these new responsibilities stressful now, doesn't

mean that they will ALWAYS be so for you in the future.

Tip:

If you find it difficult to look at your negative thoughts objectively, imagine that you

are your best friend or a respected coach or mentor. Look at the list of negative

thoughts and imagine the negative thoughts were written by someone you were giving

objective advice to. Then, think how you would challenge these thoughts.

When you challenge negative thoughts rationally, you should be able to see quickly

whether the thoughts are wrong or whether they have some substance to them. Where

there is some substance, take appropriate action. However, make sure that your

negative thoughts are genuinely important to achieving your goals, and don't just

reflect a lack of experience, which everyone has to go through at some stage.

Positive Thinking & Opportunity Seeking

By now, you should already be feeling more positive. The final step is to prepare

rational, positive thoughts and affirmations to counter any remaining negativity. It can

40



also be useful to look at the situation and see if there are any useful opportunities that

are offered by it.

By basing your affirmations on the clear, rational assessments of facts that you made

using Rational Thinking, you can use them to undo the damage that negative thinking

may have done to your self-confidence.

Tip:

Your affirmations will be strongest if they are specific, are expressed in the present

tense and have strong emotional content.

Continuing the examples above, positive affirmations might be:

• Problems during practice: "I have learned from my rehearsals. This has put

me in a position where I can deliver a great performance. I am going to

perform well and enjoy the event."

• Worries about performance: "I have prepared well and rehearsed

thoroughly. I am well positioned to give an excellent performance."

• Problems issues outside your control: "I have thought through everything

that might reasonably happen and have planned how I can handle all likely

contingencies. I am very well placed to react flexibly to events."

• Worry about other people's reaction: "Fair people will react well to a good

performance. I will rise above any unfair criticism in a mature and

professional way."

If appropriate, write these affirmations down on your worksheet so that you can use

them when you need them.

41



As well as allowing you to structure useful affirmations, part of Positive Thinking is

to look at opportunities that the situation might offer to you. In the examples above,

successfully overcoming the situations causing the original negative thinking will

open up opportunities. You will acquire new skills, you will be seen as someone who

can handle difficult challenges, and you may open up new career opportunities.

Make sure that identifying these opportunities and focusing on them is part of your

positive thinking.

ANALYSIS OF DATA

&

FINDINGS

42



ANALYSIS OF DATA & FINDINGS

The project report shows the information of the level of stress which

the employees are facing as the period of recession is going the employee cut-off

and turnover ratios are found to be high so the workload for the existing

employees are high. So they are facing the problem of work overload and thus

they get stressed.

Let’s have a watch on the basic data of the survey:

The report of a bank

>= response

-1 No sign of burnout here! 0

5 Little sign of burnout here, unless some factors are particularly

severe

6

18 Be careful - you may be at risk of burnout, particularly if severalscores are high

8

35 You are at severe risk of burnout - do something about this urgently 0

45 You are at very severe risk of burnout - do something about thisurgently

0

43



44

no sign of burn outlittle s ign of burnout

Be careful

severe risk

Very high



The Report of a Bank

>= response



severe

3


10



0

N o s ig n

L i t t le s i g

B e c a r e f

S e v e r e r

V e r y h i g

45



The report of a Bank

>= response



severe

5


3



0

It is seen from

the above data that the employees working in the banks are at the risk of two levels

that is “a little sign of burn out” and “be careful”. Taking a look on the data of all the

three banks, it is seen that the employees working in SBS are found less stressed out

compared to other banks. This can be because it’s a public sector. If all the graphs are

compared, it is seen that the ratio of stressed employees in AXIS banks are high as

compared to all the other banks.

46

No sign

little sign

be careful

Severe risk

Very high





1. Are you satisfied with the performance you give at your work?

From the diagram it is clear that 77 % of the employees are satisfied with the

performance they give in the work while 23 % of the employees are not satisfied.

2. Do you think that you are suffering from depression?

20 % of the employee feel that they are suffering from depression while 80 % of the

employee feel that that they are free from the depression

48

Yes No No response

27 8 0

Yes No No response7 28 0

Yes

No

No response

Yes

No

No response



3. Do you worry about your colleague's opinion about you?

Yes No No response

9 26 0

26% of the employees worry about their colleague’s opinion about them while 74% of

the employees are not concern with the opinion about their colleague.

49

Yes

No

No response



4. Do you discuss your problem with your spouse or friend or any other close to

you?

Yes No No response

32 3 0

91% of the employees of the bank discuss their problem and share their feelings with

their spouse or friends or others while 9 % of the employee is not concerned with it.

50

Yes

No

No response



5. Do you work more than 8 hours?

89% of the employees work for more than 8 hours which is the starting point of the

stress while 11 % of the employees don’t work for more than 8 hours.

51

Yes No No response

31 4 0

Yes

No

No response



6. You have an important function at your home and your boss asks to give a 4

hour over time, what will be your response?

Yes No No response

14 19 2

40 % of the employees are proved to be work dedicated and they are ready to miss the

important function at their house while 54 % of the employees said no and 6 % of the

employee did not gave any answer.

52

Yes

No

No response





9. Do you plan your work before doing?

It is a good

habit to plan

the work you

do. 89 % of

the employees

plan their

work before

doing while 11 % of the employees don’t plan their work.

54

Yes No No response

31 4 0

Yes

No

No re sponse



10. Do you fear about the quality of your performance?

63% of the employees fear the quality of performance which they give while 37 % of

the employees don’t fear the quality of their work.

55

Yes No No response

22 13 0

Yes

No

No response



11. Are you a heart patient?

Here 3 % of the employees are heart patient which is partially the result of stress.

12. Do you get tensed at your non achievement of your target?

Yes No No response

25 10 0

71% of the employees get tensed at the non achievement of the target while 29 % of

the employees work casually.

56

Yes No No response

1 34 0

Yes

No

No re sponse

Yes

No

No response



13. Do you feeling stress some times?

Yes No No response

28 6 1

80% of the employees feel stressed sometimes while 17 % of the employees are not

feeling stressed. 3 % of the employees did not respond.

If the answer of the above question is ‘Yes’ then answer the following:

a) Is the reason of your stress your work load?

57% of the employees find themselves to be stressed by their work over load. 26 % of

the employees are not stressed because of the work overload. 17 % of the employees

did not answer.

57

Yes No No response20 9 6

Yes

No

No response

Yes

No

No response



b) Are you stressed because of your family problems?

40 % of the employees are stressed because of their family problems 40% by other

problems while 20% of the employees did not responded.

c) Do you get stressed when your boss scolds you?

20%

of the

employee did not responded when they were asked weather their get stressed because

of the scolding of their boss. 51% of the employees don’t get stress because of the

scolding of their boss. 29 % of the employees get stressed because of the scolding of

their boss.

d) Do you try to find any solution for the problem of your stress?

58

Yes No No response

14 14 7

Yes No No response

10 18 7

Yes

No

No response

Yes

No

No response



Yes No No response

24 6 5

69 % of the employees try to find the solution of their stress.

e) (IF YES) Do you practice yoga or any other ayurvedic therapy for

reducing stress?

Yes No No response

11 18 6

31% of the employees try the yoga and other ayurvedic techniques to reduce their

stress while 51 % of the employees use other techniques to reduce stress.

59

Yes

No

No response

Yes

No

No response



CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION

60



It is analyzed from the questionnaire filled by the employees that the

employees who have scored more than 20 marks in the burnout test are not satisfied

with the performance which they give in the organization. Thus it is proved that the

employees who are desired to give better performance than their original performance

are found more stressful than the others. While at the same time the employ that have

scored less than 20 marks in the burnout test are satisfied with the performance. From

the sample of 35 bank employees who have been surveyed, one is found to be a heart

patient. This can be because of high level of stress.

Very rare of the employee are to be found suffering from depression. It

is proved from the survey that the employees who have scored more than 25 marks in

the burnout test are concern about the opinion of their colleagues. And the employees

who got less than 25 marks do not mind about their colleague’s opinion. Thus it is

proved that the colleagues opinion also play a lead role in the increase and decrease of

the stress level. Those who mind about their colleague’s opinion are found to be more

stressful.

The employees who have scored 28-29 marks in the burnout test don’t

believe in sharing their problems with their spouse or friend or any closed one. Thus

we can say that sharing your problems with your spouse or close friends is a better

idea to reduce stress.

In the second questionnaire one of the question was “You have an

important function at your home and your boss asks to give a 4 hour over time what

61



will be your response ‘Yes or No’?” the employees have given their opinion as per

their mood.

While considering the point of view of entertainment it depends upon the

mood of the employees. The entertainment is considered one of the most ultimate

solutions to reduce stress. Most of the employees do not spend regular time in

entertainment. This may be because they may not be getting time for entertainment or

they may not be interested in the same.

One of the questions was asked that were their social life balanced? It is

observed that the employees who have scored above 20 marks in the burnout test did

not have their social life balanced. Thus we can conclude that the employees who are

above 20 don’t have their social life balanced. Thus it is proved that stress may affect

our social life also.

The employees were asked weather they plan their work or not,

moderate answers were given. The employees scoring more than 25 marks were not

found their work planned. Thus the employees who plan their work have scored

below 25 marks in the burnout test except some cases as there are always some

drawbacks in making plan. Failure of a plan may also lead a person to stress. Thus we

can conclude that planning of the work may help to reduce stress level.

Most of the employees who have scored more than 20 marks fear about

their quality of work they give. This aspect is not dependent of the burnout level. This

62



aspect depends upon the dedication of work. So it is meaningless to compare this

question with the burnout test.

A question was asked that weather you get stressed at the non-

achievement of their target? All the employees have responded positively. But this is

not concern with the burnout score. From this we can conclude that all the employees

are given achievable target and naturally by the non-achievement of the target all the

employees may get stressed. One of the other possibilities is that the employees have

responded positively to show themselves to be good.

The employees having more than 10 marks in the burnout test says that

they are under stress. Out of 35 employees of the sample 20 of the employees

accepted that the reason for their stress is workload. 10 employees are not stressed

because of the workload but because of their family problem. 5 of the employees are

not suffering from stress. 14 employees out of 30 employees who are stressed feel

stressful when their boss scolds them while 16 employees refused that they are not

stressed because their boss scolds them. All the 30 employees have accepted that they

try to find the solution of their stress. 10 employees out of 30 employees practice yoga

to reduce their stress and the other 20 employees don’t practice yoga. The burnout

scores of the employees who practice yoga are either more than 25 or less than 20.

Thus we can conclude that the employees have reduced their stress by yoga therapy

and other employees have just started the yoga because of high level of burnout

The above analysis is done by the data received from the questionnaire.

So the accuracy of data depends upon the response of the employees.

63



64



SUGGESTIONS

SUGGESTIONS

65



Employee’s opinion about how to reduce stress

This project consist of the information about the employees undergoing

from stress who working in the banks. So considering this factor this topic becomes

one of the most important part of the project as it consists of the opinion of the

employees who work in the banks. In short it was a direct interview of the employees

who gave their opinion about how to reduce stress. The response of employees in the

major banks of Bhavnagar like State Bank of Saurashtra, The AXIS Bank, and The

HDFC bank was marvelous and they have given their valuable opinion about reducing

stress as a result of the last question included in the questionnaire 2. So the opinion if

the employees were as follows:

“Just smile away” An employee- HDFC Bank

“Just believe in your self and just do what your heart wants” An

employee- HDFC Bank

-“Talking to family members, - Watching TV or listening good

music, - Going for a walk or long drive” An employee- HDFC Bank

“Believe in God” An employee- HDFC Bank

“Respect yourself and give time to yourself” An employee-

HDFC Bank

“Working in environment welfares, lot of positive attitude.

Positive attitude is only that reduces stress and achieves success. Most of the

people frustrate due to lack of positivity and stress level climbs up due to that.

So get positive attitude about work, about life, and forget the stress” An

employee- AXIS Bank

66



“We should do such activities from which we get happiness and

also make others happy. Pass your time with your close friends and

relatives.” An employee- AXIS Bank

“Play and watch cricket” An employee- AXIS Bank

“Listen music and spend time with family” An employee- SBS

Bank

“Get adjusted with others, Find and spend time for prayer, Study

the scriptures, See oneness in all, All are manifested of the supreme GOD” An

employee- SBS Bank

These opinions are seemed to be valuable and effective as one of the

effective things has been noticed that the employees who have got less than 18 marks

in the Burnout test have given their opinions about reducing the stress.

It is also noticed that in the AXIS bank Bhavnagar in the time of afternoon

slow instrumental music are been played so that the employees can work stress free.

This is one of the positive things which are seen in the organization who is caring for

their employees. This will help the organization to boost up the productivity.

From the certain sample of employees selected for the research, only 10

employees have given their opinion how to reduce stress. So we can understand that

how overloaded the employees of the bank are.

67



Research Flowchart

Questionnaire research design proceeds in an orderly and specific manner.

Each item in the flow chart depends upon the successful completion of all the

previous items. Therefore, it is important not to skip a single step. Notice that there

are two feedback loops in the flow chart to allow revisions to the methodology and

instruments.

Design Methodology

Determine Feasibility

Develop Instruments

Select Sample

Conduct Pilot Test

Revise Instruments

Conduct Research

Analyze Data

68



Prepare Report

Time Considerations

Many researchers underestimate the time required to complete a research

project. The following form may be used as an initial checklist in developing time

estimates. The best advice is to be generous with your time estimates. Things almost

always take longer than we think they should.

This checklist contains two time estimates for each task. The first one

(Hours) is your best estimate of the actual number of hours required to complete the

task. The second one (Duration) is the amount of time that will pass until the task is

completed. Sometimes these are the same and sometimes they are different. Most

researchers and business-people have to divide their time among many projects. They

simply cannot give all their time to any one project. For example, my estimate of goal

clarification may be four hours, but other commitments allow me to spend only two

hours a day on this study. My "hours" estimate is four hours, and my "duration"

estimate is two days.

To arrive at your final time estimates, add the individual estimates. The

hours estimate is used for budget planning and the duration estimate is used to

develop a project time line.

69



LIMITATIONS

LIMITATION OF THE SURVEY

70



The

questionnaires were filled be 35 employees working in the three major Banks of

Bhavnagar i.e. Axis Bank, HDFC Bank and SBS Bank. So the scope of sample

findings was less.

The

questionnaire was filled by 35 employees of different designations. So the point of

view of employees differs as per their designations.

The

employees from whom the questionnaires are filled are in a heavy workload so

some of the questionnaires filled by the employees who are in stress cannot be

called reasonable.

The

responses of the employees cannot be accurate as the problem of language and

understanding arises. (These problems are not in all cases.)

One of

the other problems of questionnaire is the cost. Some times it may be possible that

even by spending so much the result may not be reasonable.

Many a

times the employees may not be really conscious or may not be bothered about the

questionnaire. This may create a problem in the research.

Advantages of Written Questionnaires

71



Questionnaires are very cost effective when compared to face-to-face

interviews. This is especially true for studies involving large sample

sizes and large geographic areas. Written questionnaires become even

more cost effective as the number of research questions increases.

Questionnaires are easy to analyze. Data entry and tabulation for

nearly all surveys can be easily done with many computer software

packages.

Questionnaires are familiar to most people. Nearly everyone has had

some experience completing questionnaires and they generally do not

make people apprehensive.

Questionnaires reduce bias. There is uniform question presentation and

no middle-man bias. The researcher's own opinions will not influence

the respondent to answer questions in a certain manner. There are no

verbal or visual clues to influence the respondent.

Questionnaires are less intrusive than telephone or face-to-face

surveys. When a respondent receives a questionnaire in the mail, he is

free to complete the questionnaire on his own time-table. Unlike other

research methods, the respondent is not interrupted by the research

instrument.

(2.8.2) Disadvantages of Written Questionnaires

72



One major disadvantage of written questionnaires is the possibility of

low response rates. Low response is the curse of statistical analysis. It

can dramatically lower our confidence in the results. Response rates

vary widely from one questionnaire to another (10% - 90%), however,

well-designed studies consistently produce high response rates.

Another disadvantage of questionnaires is the inability to probe

responses. Questionnaires are structured instruments. They allow little

flexibility to the respondent with respect to response format. In

essence, they often lose the "flavor of the response" (i.e., respondents

often want to qualify their answers). By allowing frequent space for

comments, the researcher can partially overcome this disadvantage.

Comments are among the most helpful of all the information on the

questionnaire, and they usually provide insightful information that

would have otherwise been lost.

Nearly ninety percent of all communication is visual. Gestures and

other visual cues are not available with written questionnaires. The

lack of personal contact will have different effects depending on the

type of information being requested. A questionnaire requesting

factual information will probably not be affected by the lack of

personal contact. A questionnaire probing sensitive issues or attitudes

may be severely affected.

73



When returned questionnaires arrive in the mail, it's natural to assume

that the respondent is the same person you sent the questionnaire to.

This may not actually be the case. Many times business questionnaires

get handed to other employees for completion. Housewives sometimes

respond for their husbands. Kids respond as a prank. For a variety of

reasons, the respondent may not be who you think it is. It is a

confounding error inherent in questionnaires.

Finally, questionnaires are simply not suited for some people. For

example, a written survey to a group of poorly educated people might

not work because of reading skill problems. More frequently, people

are turned off by written questionnaires because of misuse.

74



BIBILIOGRAPHY

75



BIBILIOGRAPHY

o www.mindtool.com

o Organizational Behavior “Stephen P. Robbins”

o Burn Out tool – Questionnaire

o Self analysis of questionnaire

76



ANNEXURE

77



Questionnaire

Instructions: For each question, put an 'X' in the column that most applies. Put one 'X'

78

No Questions Not at

all

Rarely Sometimes Often Very

often1 Do you feel run down and

drained of physical or emotional energy?

2 Do you find that you are prone to negative thinkingabout your job?

3 Do you find that you areharder and less sympatheticwith people than perhapsthey deserve?

4 Do you find yourself gettingeasily irritated by small

problems, or by your co-workers and team?

5 Do you feel misunderstoodor unappreciated by your co-workers?

6 Do you feel that you haveno-one to talk to?

7 Do you feel that you are

achieving less than youshould?

8 Do you feel under anunpleasant level of pressureto succeed?

9 Do you feel that you are notgetting what you want out of your job?

10 Do you feel that you are inthe wrong organization or the wrong profession?

11 Are you becoming frustratedwith parts of your job?

12 Do you feel thatorganizational politics or

bureaucracy frustrate your ability to do a good job?

13 Do you feel that there ismore work to do than you

practically have the abilityto do?

14 Do you feel that you do nothave time to do many of thethings that are important todoing a good quality job?

15 Do you find that you do nothave time to plan as much asyou would like to?

Total



Documents

Impact of Stress and Divercity on organisation