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III. What are the social and spatial consequences of NYs global integration? Global city marked by social contrasts NYs metropolitan territory more and more polycentric (5 boroughs + New Jersey Edge city)

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Five Boroughs of New York: 1.Manhattan 2. Brooklyn 3. Queens 4. Bronx 5. Staten island

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Urban sprawl: More and more spread out (commuters, suburbs, megalopolis) Number of people commuting by car to Central Business Districts Staten Island Brooklyn Queens Manhattan Bronx

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1. Manhattans Central business District and Central Park

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Lower Manhattan Photo taken August 2013 One World Trade Center a.k.a. the Freedom Tower Source: The Guardian Hudson River East River

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Midtown, Manhattan

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2. Central business District, Brooklyn

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Brooklyn: the town next to the city

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3. Queens

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4. The Bronx

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5. Staten Island New York: sky view: Air Pano sky view of NYCAir Pano sky view of NYC

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Northern New Jersey Jersey City - Edge City

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IV. Challenges to Face 1.Gentrification 2.Sustainable Development 3.Wealth Gap 4.Quality of Life Transportation & Air Quality

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1. Gentrification of neighborhoods Gentrification of Crown Heights, Brooklyn

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The Ins and the Outs A hypothetical time-lapse video of Franklin Avenue in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, starting in the year 2000: The block is lined with dollar stores, bodegas and barbershops, a few hair-braiding salons, some humble restaurants. Many storefronts are shuttered; those open are kept afloat by local patrons, predominately African-Americans and West Indians. Crime is common in the neighborhood, the sound of gunshots familiar. Over time, the scenery begins to change. Tree saplings take root in once-neglected sidewalk beds; foreboding iron doors morph into friendlier gates. At an increasing rate, young white faces begin to dot the screen, darting off to work in the morning and dashing back again at night. Boarded-up storefronts transform into fashionable bars, restaurants, and boutiques. Groups of cops suddenly appear, standing guard on street corners; more new businesses, and more whites faces follow, and follow. This blurred process of change is known to urban dwellers across America, especially to those who move to Brooklyn, many of whom play a role in the process, tacitly or actively, including the authors of this story. In New York, few streets have changed quite so quickly or dramatically as Franklin Avenue has in recent years. When one speaks to those who do business and live, or have lived, in the neighborhood, a tapestry of stories emergessome positive, others much less sothat is, at best, remarkably difficult to comprehend. Environmentally speaking, that Franklin Avenue gentrified at all should come as no surprise. The entire avenue runs for about three miles from the Brooklyn Navy Yard to Prospect Lefferts Gardens. The gentrified portion stretches from St. Marks Avenue to Eastern Parkway, and resonates east toward Nostrand Avenue and west toward Grand Army Plaza. It is exceedingly pedestrian-friendly, one of the rare strips in New York where there is more sidewalk than street. Crown Heights itself is rich with a gorgeous brownstone housing stock and lies a short distance from Prospect Park, one of the most popular outdoor spaces in New York City. Its also served by a bevy of subway lines, providing convenient access to and from Manhattan. Since 2008, fifty-two new businesses have opened along Franklin Avenue north of Eastern Parkway, with sixteen of them arriving in 2012, according to the popular neighborhood blog, I Love Franklin Avenue. In the same span of time, thirty establishments closed, with eleven going last year. I Love Franklin Avenue Today, the avenue bustles with economic and social activity. A strong sense of community reigns, one comprised of a wealth of residents from different generations and walks of life, which is apparent to anyone who takes the time to visit, grab a cup of coffee and watch the world go by for a couple minutes. Franklins new business owners tend to be well-educated, in their thirties or forties, and proud of letting their personalities speak through their establishments. Many live in the neighborhood. Source: Narratively, by Vinnie Rotondaro and Maura Ewing, Jan 15, 2013

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Harlem Gentrification Harlem Gentrification Doc 1 : Photo Story New York Times : A Harlem Resurgence

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Doc 2:

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Doc 3:Video: Race, Class and the Gentrification of Harlem 1127 Questions: What are the major characteristics of gentrification (Doc 1 3)? Why does the Harlem tenants council oppose gentrification? Why is Columbias expansion project contested by some?

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2. Sustainable Development in NYC

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Bloombergs PlaNYC 2030 Bloombergs air quality and energy goals relied heavily on nuclear power and natural gas. Pushed to ban fracking in the citys watershed while supporting the expansion of pipelines that would bring gas into the city from fracked shale in Pennsylvania Contradicts the water quality part of the plan, which identifies fracking as a threat to the citys watershed in the Catskill region.

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Sustainable development programs Reducing CO2 emissions: Nearly 80% of citywide emissions are attributed to buildings energy use. Many new sustainable technologies that help offset these emissions, increase a buildings efficiency, decrease energy dependence Video: NYC's Green Skyscrapers Bank of America Tower 239 Video: NYC's Green Skyscrapers Bank of America Tower

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3. NYC Wealth Gap Homeless: 37,000 including 15,000 children up by 50% since the crisis Every night 1,000 people sleep in the subway system 1.5 million people registered as living in poverty (1 in 4) Richest 1% of NYCs population controls 70% of the wealth Lack of affordable housing Video: NYC Wealth Gap bigger than India

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More and more fragmented (e.g. wealth distribution, living conditions, access to education, etc.) Cost of living Ghettos Gated communities

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Rent Prices in NYC and suburbs 1980-2011 Living in New York and its Periphery Median rents

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Real Estate Prices: Golden Ghettos in the Center and Periphery (1980- 2011) What do you notice about the differences between the categories of property? Local Trajectory of real estate values (1980-2011) In millions of dollars Strong Growth Average Growth Weak Growth

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4. Quality of Life Transportation & Air Quality Automobilization vs. Mass Transit Video: Contested Streets: Breaking NYC Gridlock 5000 5514 21st Century: Alternative transportation to automobiles Bicycles and Buses Increased pedestrian space e.g. Times Square Subway system major challenges Videos: Megacities: NYC Subway System 0 157 Cities in Focus: NY improving the Quality of Life

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Emissions of Fine Particles in Air in tons per square mile

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Conclusion Strong Points of NYC: Human capital attractiveness of city, quality of universities, # intl schools, % post graduate degrees Financial markets NASDAQ, NYSE- listing of most important technology companies, e.g. Apple, Microsoft Banking institutions ( Goldman Sachs, JP Morgan Chase, Citigroup) Economic diversity Rise of tourism Start-ups in Silicon Alley (Tumblr, Gilt, Google, Facebook) Culturally dynamic International renown Weak Points of NYC: quality of life Environment, outdated public transport wealth gap Urban Sprawl contributing to social fragmentation (gentrification, gated communities)

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Homework Articles to Read Mayor Bloombergs Legacy The Political economy of Bloombergism New Yorkers conflicted over Bloombergs legacy Cost of Living NY a hell of a place NYC has highest cost of living Cost of living index of selected US cities Infrastructure Derailed Inequality A Tale of Two cities Inequality and NY subway NY Have and Have Nots NYC Wealth Gap Gentrification After a Short Nap: Harlem Renaissance Bill Thompson on NYC Gentrification Harlem 125 th Street Renovation Project Education Architecture 101 NYU vs. Columbia NY Schools The School that Ate New York