III. What are the social and spatial consequences of NYs global
integration? Global city marked by social contrasts NYs
metropolitan territory more and more polycentric (5 boroughs + New
Jersey Edge city)
Slide 2
Five Boroughs of New York: 1.Manhattan 2. Brooklyn 3. Queens 4.
Bronx 5. Staten island
Slide 3
Urban sprawl: More and more spread out (commuters, suburbs,
megalopolis) Number of people commuting by car to Central Business
Districts Staten Island Brooklyn Queens Manhattan Bronx
Slide 4
1. Manhattans Central business District and Central Park
Slide 5
Lower Manhattan Photo taken August 2013 One World Trade Center
a.k.a. the Freedom Tower Source: The Guardian Hudson River East
River
Slide 6
Midtown, Manhattan
Slide 7
2. Central business District, Brooklyn
Slide 8
Brooklyn: the town next to the city
Slide 9
3. Queens
Slide 10
4. The Bronx
Slide 11
5. Staten Island New York: sky view: Air Pano sky view of
NYCAir Pano sky view of NYC
Slide 12
Northern New Jersey Jersey City - Edge City
Slide 13
IV. Challenges to Face 1.Gentrification 2.Sustainable
Development 3.Wealth Gap 4.Quality of Life Transportation & Air
Quality
Slide 14
1. Gentrification of neighborhoods Gentrification of Crown
Heights, Brooklyn
Slide 15
The Ins and the Outs A hypothetical time-lapse video of
Franklin Avenue in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, starting in the year
2000: The block is lined with dollar stores, bodegas and
barbershops, a few hair-braiding salons, some humble restaurants.
Many storefronts are shuttered; those open are kept afloat by local
patrons, predominately African-Americans and West Indians. Crime is
common in the neighborhood, the sound of gunshots familiar. Over
time, the scenery begins to change. Tree saplings take root in
once-neglected sidewalk beds; foreboding iron doors morph into
friendlier gates. At an increasing rate, young white faces begin to
dot the screen, darting off to work in the morning and dashing back
again at night. Boarded-up storefronts transform into fashionable
bars, restaurants, and boutiques. Groups of cops suddenly appear,
standing guard on street corners; more new businesses, and more
whites faces follow, and follow. This blurred process of change is
known to urban dwellers across America, especially to those who
move to Brooklyn, many of whom play a role in the process, tacitly
or actively, including the authors of this story. In New York, few
streets have changed quite so quickly or dramatically as Franklin
Avenue has in recent years. When one speaks to those who do
business and live, or have lived, in the neighborhood, a tapestry
of stories emergessome positive, others much less sothat is, at
best, remarkably difficult to comprehend. Environmentally speaking,
that Franklin Avenue gentrified at all should come as no surprise.
The entire avenue runs for about three miles from the Brooklyn Navy
Yard to Prospect Lefferts Gardens. The gentrified portion stretches
from St. Marks Avenue to Eastern Parkway, and resonates east toward
Nostrand Avenue and west toward Grand Army Plaza. It is exceedingly
pedestrian-friendly, one of the rare strips in New York where there
is more sidewalk than street. Crown Heights itself is rich with a
gorgeous brownstone housing stock and lies a short distance from
Prospect Park, one of the most popular outdoor spaces in New York
City. Its also served by a bevy of subway lines, providing
convenient access to and from Manhattan. Since 2008, fifty-two new
businesses have opened along Franklin Avenue north of Eastern
Parkway, with sixteen of them arriving in 2012, according to the
popular neighborhood blog, I Love Franklin Avenue. In the same span
of time, thirty establishments closed, with eleven going last year.
I Love Franklin Avenue Today, the avenue bustles with economic and
social activity. A strong sense of community reigns, one comprised
of a wealth of residents from different generations and walks of
life, which is apparent to anyone who takes the time to visit, grab
a cup of coffee and watch the world go by for a couple minutes.
Franklins new business owners tend to be well-educated, in their
thirties or forties, and proud of letting their personalities speak
through their establishments. Many live in the neighborhood.
Source: Narratively, by Vinnie Rotondaro and Maura Ewing, Jan 15,
2013
Slide 16
Harlem Gentrification Harlem Gentrification Doc 1 : Photo Story
New York Times : A Harlem Resurgence
Slide 17
Doc 2:
Slide 18
Doc 3:Video: Race, Class and the Gentrification of Harlem 1127
Questions: What are the major characteristics of gentrification
(Doc 1 3)? Why does the Harlem tenants council oppose
gentrification? Why is Columbias expansion project contested by
some?
Slide 19
2. Sustainable Development in NYC
Slide 20
Bloombergs PlaNYC 2030 Bloombergs air quality and energy goals
relied heavily on nuclear power and natural gas. Pushed to ban
fracking in the citys watershed while supporting the expansion of
pipelines that would bring gas into the city from fracked shale in
Pennsylvania Contradicts the water quality part of the plan, which
identifies fracking as a threat to the citys watershed in the
Catskill region.
Slide 21
Sustainable development programs Reducing CO2 emissions: Nearly
80% of citywide emissions are attributed to buildings energy use.
Many new sustainable technologies that help offset these emissions,
increase a buildings efficiency, decrease energy dependence Video:
NYC's Green Skyscrapers Bank of America Tower 239 Video: NYC's
Green Skyscrapers Bank of America Tower
Slide 22
3. NYC Wealth Gap Homeless: 37,000 including 15,000 children up
by 50% since the crisis Every night 1,000 people sleep in the
subway system 1.5 million people registered as living in poverty (1
in 4) Richest 1% of NYCs population controls 70% of the wealth Lack
of affordable housing Video: NYC Wealth Gap bigger than India
Slide 23
More and more fragmented (e.g. wealth distribution, living
conditions, access to education, etc.) Cost of living Ghettos Gated
communities
Slide 24
Rent Prices in NYC and suburbs 1980-2011 Living in New York and
its Periphery Median rents
Slide 25
Real Estate Prices: Golden Ghettos in the Center and Periphery
(1980- 2011) What do you notice about the differences between the
categories of property? Local Trajectory of real estate values
(1980-2011) In millions of dollars Strong Growth Average Growth
Weak Growth
Slide 26
4. Quality of Life Transportation & Air Quality
Automobilization vs. Mass Transit Video: Contested Streets:
Breaking NYC Gridlock 5000 5514 21st Century: Alternative
transportation to automobiles Bicycles and Buses Increased
pedestrian space e.g. Times Square Subway system major challenges
Videos: Megacities: NYC Subway System 0 157 Cities in Focus: NY
improving the Quality of Life
Slide 27
Emissions of Fine Particles in Air in tons per square mile
Slide 28
Conclusion Strong Points of NYC: Human capital attractiveness
of city, quality of universities, # intl schools, % post graduate
degrees Financial markets NASDAQ, NYSE- listing of most important
technology companies, e.g. Apple, Microsoft Banking institutions (
Goldman Sachs, JP Morgan Chase, Citigroup) Economic diversity Rise
of tourism Start-ups in Silicon Alley (Tumblr, Gilt, Google,
Facebook) Culturally dynamic International renown Weak Points of
NYC: quality of life Environment, outdated public transport wealth
gap Urban Sprawl contributing to social fragmentation
(gentrification, gated communities)
Slide 29
Homework Articles to Read Mayor Bloombergs Legacy The Political
economy of Bloombergism New Yorkers conflicted over Bloombergs
legacy Cost of Living NY a hell of a place NYC has highest cost of
living Cost of living index of selected US cities Infrastructure
Derailed Inequality A Tale of Two cities Inequality and NY subway
NY Have and Have Nots NYC Wealth Gap Gentrification After a Short
Nap: Harlem Renaissance Bill Thompson on NYC Gentrification Harlem
125 th Street Renovation Project Education Architecture 101 NYU vs.
Columbia NY Schools The School that Ate New York