II fldgi = 40...2 wjidk ,l=Kq = 100 ශ ර ල ක ව භ ග ද ප ර තද න ත ව රහස ය ද ඛනයක . 22 - N+f.da, úoHdj ^,l=Kq fï mámdáh& merKs| w'fmd'i

ශ්‍රී ලංකා විභාග දෙපාර්තදේන්තුව රහස්‍ය දේඛනයකි.

22 - N+f.da, úoHdj ^,l=Kq §fï mámdáh& merKs| w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h - 2019|wjika ixfYdaOk we;=<;a l< hq;=j we;' 1

,l=Kq fn§ hdfï wdldrh

I m;%h - I fldgi 01 x 30 = 30 x 02 = 60

II fldgi = 40

II m;%h = 100

= 100 + 100

2

wjidk ,l=Kq = 100



W;a;rm;% ,l=Kq lsÍfï fmdÿ Ys,amSh l%u

W;a;rm;% ,l=Kq lsÍfï yd ,l=Kq ,ehsia;=j, ,l=Kq igyka lsÍfï iïu; l%uh wkq.ukh

lsÍu wksjd¾hfhka u l< hq;=fõ' ta i|yd my; mßÈ lghq;= lrkak'

1' W;a;rm;% ,l=Kq lsÍug r;=mdg fnda,a fmdhskaÜ mEkla mdúÉÑ lrkak'

2' iEu W;a;rm;%hlu uq,a msgqfõ iyldr mÍCIl ixfla; wxlh igyka

lrkak' b,lalï ,sùfï§ meyeÈ,s b,lalfuka ,shkak'

3' b,lalï ,sùfï§ jerÿKq wjia:djla fõ kï th meyeÈ,sj ;ks brlska lmd

yer kej; ,shd flá w;aik fhdokak'

4' tla tla m%Yakfha wkq fldgiaj, ms<s;=re i|yd ysñ ,l=Kq ta ta fldgi

wjidkfha la ;=< ,shd olajkak' wjidk ,l=Kq m%Yak wxlh;a iu`. la

;=<" Nd. ixLHdjla f,i we;=<;a lrkak' ,l=Kq igyka lsÍu i|yd

mÍCIljrhdf.a m%fhdackh i|yd we;s ;Srej Ndú; lrkak'

WodyrK ( m%Yak wxl 03

(i) …………………...................................

……………………................................

……………………................................

(ii) ……………………................................

……………………...............................

…………………...............................…

(iii) ……………………...............................

……………………...............................

…………………...............................…

(i) + (ii) + (iii) }

√

√

√

4 5

3 5

3 5

10 15

4 5

3 5

3 5

03



nyqjrK W;a;rm;% ( ^ljq¿ m;%h&

1' w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& yd f;dr;=re ;dlaIK úNd.h i|yd ljq¿ m;% fomd¾;fïka;=j u.ska ilikq ,efí' ksjerÈ jrK lmd bj;a l< iy;sl lrk ,o ljq¿m;la Tn fj; imhkq ,efí' iy;sl l< ljq¿ m;%hla Ndú; lsÍu mÍCIlf.a j.lSu fõ'

2' wk;=rej W;a;rm;% fyd¢ka mÍCId lr n,kak' lsishï m%Yakhlg tla ms<s;=rlg jvd

,l=Kq lr we;akï fyda tlu ms<s;=rlaj;a ,l=Kq lr ke;akï fyda jrK lemS hk mßÈ brla w¢kak' we;eï úg whÿïlrejka úiska uq,ska ,l=Kq lr we;s mss<s;=rla uld fjk;a ms<s;=rla ,l=Kq lr ;sfnkakg mq¿jk' tfia ulk ,o wjia:djl§ meyeÈ,sj uld fkdue;s kï ulk ,o jrKh u; o brla w¢kak'

3' ljq¿ m;%h W;a;rm;%h u; ksjerÈj ;nkak' ksjerÈ ms<s;=r ,l=Klska o" jerÈ ms<s;=r 0

,l=Klska o jrK u; ,l=Kq lrkak' ksjerÈ ms<s;=re ixLHdj ta ta jrK ;Srhg my<ska ,shd olajkak' wk;=rej tu ixLHd tl;= lr uq¿ ksjerÈ ms<s;=re ixLHdj wod< fldgqj ;=< ,shkak'

jHqy.; rpkd yd rpkd W;a;rm;% (

1' whÿïlrejka úiska W;a;rm;%fha ysiaj ;nd we;s msgq yryd f¾Ldjla we| lmd yßkak' jerÈ fyda kqiqÿiq ms<s;=re háka bß w¢kak' ,l=Kq Èh yels ia:dkj, yß ,l=Kq fh§fuka th fmkajkak'

2' ,l=Kq igyka lsÍfï§ ´j¾,kaâ lvodisfha ol=Kq mi ;Srh fhdod .; hq;= fõ' 3' iEu m%Yakhlgu fok uq¿ ,l=Kq W;a;rm;%fha uq,a msgqfõ we;s wod< fldgqj ;=< m%Yak

wxlh bÈßfhka wxl follska ,shd olajkak' m%Yak m;%fha § we;s Wmfoia wkqj m%Yak f;dard .ekSu l< hq;=fõ' ish¨ u W;a;r ,l=Kq lr ,l=Kq uq,a msgqfõ igyka lrkak' m%Yak m;%fha § we;s Wmfoiaj,g mgyeksj jeä m%Yak .Kklg ms<s;=re ,shd we;akï wvq ,l=Kq iys; ms<s;=re lmd bj;a lrkak'

4' mÍCIdldÍj uq¿ ,l=Kq .Kk tl;= fldg uq,a msgqfõ kshñ; ia:dkfha ,shkak'

W;a;rm;%fha iEu W;a;rhlgu § we;s ,l=Kq .Kk W;a;rm;%fha msgq fmr<ñka kej; tl;= lrkak' tu ,l=K Tn úiska uq,a msgqfõ tl;=j f,i igyka lr we;s uq¿ ,l=Kg iudk ±hs kej; mÍCId lr n,kak'

,l=Kq ,ehsia;= ilia lsÍu (

ish¨ u úIhkays wjidk ,l=Kq we.hSï uKav,h ;=<§ .Kkh lrkq fkd,efí' tneúka tla tla m;%hg wod< wjidk ,l=Kq fjk fjku ,l=Kq ,ehsia;=j,g we;=<;a l< hq;= h' I m;%h i|yd nyqjrK ms<s;=re m;%hla muKla we;s úg ,l=Kq ,ehsia;=jg ,l=Kq we;=<;a lsÍfuka miq wl=frka ,shkak' wfkl=;a W;a;rm;% i|yd úia;r ,l=Kq we;=<;a lrkak' 51 Ñ;% úIhfha I" II yd III m;%j,g wod< ,l=Kq fjk fjku ,l=Kq ,ehsia;=j, we;=<;a lr wl=frka o ,súh hq;= fõ'

***











YSs% ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk;

w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h$f.ngh.j. (cau; ju)g; guPl;ir- 2019

merKs ks¾foaYh$ gioa ghlj;jpl;lk

úIhh wxlh úIhh ghl ,yf;fk; ghlk;;

,l=Kq §fï mámdáh$Gs;sp toq;Fk; jpl;lk;

Im;%h$gj;jpuk; I

m%Yak wxlh

tpdh ,y.

ms<s;=re wxlh

tpil ,y.

m%Yak wxlh

tpdh ,y.

ms<s;=re wxlh

tpil ,y.

m%Yak wxlh

tpdh ,y.

ms<s;=re wxlh

tpil ,y.

01'

02'

03'

04'

05'

06'

07'

08'

09'

10'

11'

12'

13'

14'

15'

16'

17'

18'

19'

20'

21'

22'

23'

24'

25'

26'

27'

28'

29'

30'

úfYaI Wmfoia$ tpNrl mwpTWj;jy; ( tla ms<s;=rlg$ xU rupahd tpilf;F 02,l=K ne.ska$Gs;sp tPjk; uq̀: ,l=Kq$nkhj;jg; Gs;spfs; 2 30 } 60

22 N+f.da, úoHdj

2

1

1

5

1

2

4

3

3

4

5

2

1

3

1

1

2

2

1

1

1

5

3

2

1

2

3

2

4

1

2

4

3

5

4

3



01' (i) AB iy CD f¾Ld fol u.ska olajd we;s N+ rEm ,CIK folkï lrkak'

AB - lfmd,a, $ f., lfmd,a, $ jd lfmd,a, $iq<x lfmd,a,

CD -wj;, nEjqu

^,l=Kq 02 hs&

(ii) Eiy F p;=rY% u.ska olajd we;s c,jyk ,CIKh yd N+ rEm ,CIKh

ms<sfj<ska kï lrkak'

E - jdß ud¾. we< $ jdß we< $ jdß ud¾.h $ .x.dj

F - ksïkh$ V-yev ksïkh

^,l=Kq 02 hs&

(iii) G iy HiïnkaO flfrk f¾Ldj Tiafia yrialvla ^cross section&

w¢kak'

^fï i|yd 5 jk msgqfjys § we;s m%ia;dr lvodis fhdod .kak'&

mßudKhg ,l=Kq 1 hs"

yrialv ,l=Kq 02 hs"

^,l=Kq 03 hs&



(iv) tu yrialäka oelafjk m%foaYfha N+ úIu;d ,CIK follafláfhka

úia;r lrkak'

yrialäka oelafjk m%foaYfhys m%Odk N+ úIu;d ,CIK 02 la

f,i ksïk yd l÷ jeá yeÈkaúh yelsh' m%foaYh uOHfhys ksïk

m%foaYfha óg¾ 200 wvq my;a ìula me;sÍ we;' ksïkhg Bidk foi

l÷jeáfhys nEjqu wl%uj;a f,i úysfoa' m%foaYfha udhsug jkakg

wl%uj;a nEjqï iys; fldgila oelsh yelsh' ksïkhg ksß; foi l÷

jeáfhys wj;, nEjQul iajNdjh oelsh yelsh'

lreKq 2 g ,l=Kq 1𝟏

𝟐 « 2 } 03

(v) is;shï m%foaYfhys N+ úIu;d ,CIK iy m%jdyk cd,h w;r in|;dj idlÉPd

lrkak'

is;shï m%foaYfha kef.kysr yd ngysr udhsï wdYs%;j l÷lr m%foaY

iy uOHfha my;a ìï olakg ,efí' ngysr w¾Ofha l÷jeá w;r W;=re

ol=Kq ÈYdjg úysfok ksïkhls' is;shfuys ol=Kq iSudj wdikak m%foaYfha

my;a ìï iy mq¿,a ksïkhla oelsh yelsh'

is;shï m%foaYfha m%jdyk cd,h ol=fKys msysá m%Odk ud¾.hl

fldgilska iy l÷jeá w;r ksïk Tiafia úysfok wm%Odk ud¾. lr;a;

$ ðma r: ud¾. iy wämdr j,ska iukaú; fõ' m%Odk ud¾.h .x.d

ksïkh wkqj kef.kysr - ngysr ÈYdkq.;j m%foaYh yryd úysfoa' ud¾.

jHdma;ùfï § N+ úIu;dj oeä f,i n,md we;' is;shï m%foaYfha fndfyda

fldgia i|yd m%fõY myiqlï fkdmj;S' m%foaYfha N+ úIu;dj wkqj

yev.eiS we;s N+ñ mßyrKh iy ckdjdi jHdma;sh wkqj ud¾. cd,h

jHdma; jk nj meyeÈ,s jk nj meyeÈ,s fõ'


𝟐 « 2 } 05

(vi) is;shfï f,i ,l=Kq lr we;s p;=rY%fhys oelafjk m%foaYfha udkj

ls%hdldrlï iSudùug fya;= ù we;s idOl folla fláfhka úia;r

lrkak'

is;shfuysJ f,i ,l=Kq lr we;s p;=ri%hg wh;a m%foaYh ;=< N+ó

mßyrKh b;d wju uÜgul mj;s' óg¾ 400 blaujk

by<Wkak;dxYhlska iy nEjqï iajNdjhlska msysá fuu m%foaYh ;=< N+ñ

mßyrKh i|yd N+ úIu;d ,CIK ndOl f,i n,md we;'



m%foaYfha l÷jeá w;r ksïk iy lfmd¨ Tiafia kef.kysr ngysr

ÈYdkq.;j lr;a; $ ðma r: ud¾.hla úysfoa' l÷ nEjqu iy l÷ uqÿk

jkdka;r j,ska jeiS we;s w;r fiiq m%foaYhka ys ,÷ lE,E oelsh yel' ta

wkqj p;=ri%hg wh;a N+ñ m%foaYh ixj¾Ok fkdjQ ñksia lghq;= i|yd

wfhda.H m%foaYhla f,i lsj yelsh'


𝟐 « 2 } 05

02' (i) kùk is;shï úoHdj hkqfjka woyia lrkafka l=ulao@

kùk is;shï úoHdj hkq (-

uE;la jk f;lau uqøs; is;shï ^yia;sl& b;d mq¿,a f,i Ndú;d

flßKs' tfy;a kùk ;dCIKsl fuj,ï Ndú;d lrñka ;dCIKh

fufyhjñka mß.Kl yd pJøsld ;dCIKh wdYS%;j ÈhqKqjla iu. wxls;

is;shï Ndú;hg .;ay' ta i|yd N+f.da,Sh f;dr;=re moaO;sh" ÿria:

ixfõoh yd f.da,Sh ia:dk.; lsÍfï moaO;sh fhdod .efka'

^,l=Kq 02 hs&

(ii) N+f.da,Sh f;dr;=re moaO;sfhys ixrpl y;rla fláfhka meyeÈ,s

lrkak'

^w& oDvdx. ^mß.Klh&

Ndú;hg myiqùu (user friendly)

fõ.j;a nj

RAM (Random Access Memory)

îixNdù m%fõY u;lh by<h&

Hard diskôDv ;eá&

iqmsßlailh / scanner

uqøK hka;%/ Printer / Plotter

^wd& uDÿldx. (Software)

wdjhkh ^Storagetrieval)îuqoaOrKh&

ixpd,kh ^manipulation& ixo¾Ylh Wmfhda.Slr .kS'

jdKscHuh uDÿldx. ^Commercial software :ArcGIS, Mapinfo,

Intergraph, and Global Mapper

Open Source Software, GRASS, SAGA, QGIS, GUANTAM and ILWIS



^we& o;a; (Data)

wjldYsh o;a; ( LKavdxl Ndú;fhka ks¾udKh l< yelsh'

nyq wi%" f¾Ld iy ,CIH (Polygons, Lines, Points) f,i bÈßm;a

lrhs' spatial data / Geometics data.

wjldYSh fkdjk o;a; ( wjldYSh o;a; j,g wod, Wm,CIK

fmkakqï lrk o;a; fõ' âttribute data&/ aspatial / non-spatial

^wE& udkj iïm; ^Human Resources& $ ñksiqka $ mßYS,lhka

Ndù;d lrkakka fyj;a mßYS,lhska m%Odk fldgia 03 ls'

01' ls%hd lrjkakka

02' ;dCIKsl jD;a;slhka

03' l<ukdlrK fiajl uKav,h

^b& l%ufõo ( ^Methods)

úYaf,aIKh i|yd Ndú; l%ufõo GIS j, wka;¾.; Tools

Ndú;fhka fuh isÿlrhs'

,l=Kq 1𝟏

𝟐 « 4 } 06 hs

(iii) ÿria: ixfõoh Ndú; l< yels lafIa;%;=kla fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

ld<.=Kh yd foaY.=K úoHdj wdYs%; wOHhk j,§

- jdhQ f.da,Sh WIAK;ajh" mSvkh" c,jdIam" w¾ø;dj"

j¾Idm;kh" iq<f.a fõ.h'

- N+ñh u;=msg WIAK;ajh'

- id.r ;rx. yd Èhje,a

- ld<.=K mqfrdal;k yd wk;=re weÕùu'

- kdúl yd .=jka.uka lghq;= i|yd ld<.=Ksl f;dr;=re

iemhSu'

- ld<.=K yd foaY.=K wdo¾Y ieliSu i|yd o;a; ieliSu'



id.r úoHdfõ§ (

- id.rh u;=msg WIAK;ajh ueKsu'

- id.r Èhje,a is;shï.; lsÍu'

- id.r m;=,a .fõIKh'

- id.r ffcj úoHd;aul wOHhkh'

- id.r ;rx. fjkia ùu ms<sn| wOHhkh'

- id.r i;=ka ms<sn| wOHhkh'

- ëjr l¾udka;h'

- id.rh ;=< f;,a ldkaÿ ùï ms<sn| wOHhkh'

N+ úoHdfõ§ (

- mdIdK j¾. y÷kd.ekSu'

- úfNao yd jHqy is;shï.; lsÍu'

- Lksc iïm;a .fõIKh'

.a,eish¾ úoHdfõ§ (

- whsia jeiafuys mßudj ms<sn| wOHhkh

- whsia m%fõ.h ñKqï lsÍu'

- id.r yd .a,eish¾ jHdma;sh'

- .a,eish¾ Èhùu weia;fïka;= lsÍu'

lDIsl¾ufha§ (

- ffcj ialkaO ñKqï lsÍu'

- fNda. j¾Okh yd M,odj ms<sn| wOHhkh'

- frda. jHdma;sh'

- j.d lkak ie,iqï lsÍu'

jk úoHdfõ§ (

- jk wdjrKh weia;fïka;= lsÍu'

- jk ydhkh yd úkdYh wOHhkh'

- mdxY= f;;ukh wOHhkh lsÍu'

- jDCI,;d j¾Okh ms<sn| yeoeÍu'

c, úoHdfú§ (

- c, iïm;a ;lafiare lsÍu'

- c, pl% ms<sn| wOHhkh'

- N+.; c,Or ms<sn| wOHhkh'



iajNdúl jHjik ms<sn| wOHhk j,§ (

- .xj;=r" kdhhdu" .sKsl÷ msmsÍu" N+ lïmk" iqkdñ yd wfkl=;a

iajNdúl Wmøj ms<sn| wOHhkh'

ie,iqï lghq;=j,§ (

- kd.ßl N+ñ mßfNda. ie,iqu'

- lDIsld¾ñl ie,iqï lghq;=

- ud¾. ixj¾Okh

hqoaO lghq;= j,§ (

- ksrjoH is;shï ks¾udKh yd ksjerÈ msysàu y÷kd.ekSu'

- yuqod lgqhq;= i|yd há;, myiqlï msßlaiSu'

- Ng lKavdhï j, p,k wOHhkh'

- T;a;= ,nd .ekSfï l%u Wmhd fhoùu'

N+f.da, úoHdfõ§ (

- iajdNdúl m%mxp ms<sn| wOHhkh'

- is;shï ks¾udKh'

- wdo¾Y f.dvke.Su'

- ie<iqï ilia lsÍu'

^lafIa;% 3la wvx.= úh hq;=h&

^,l=Kq 06 hs&

(iv) kùk is;shï úoHd;aul l%u Ys,amhkays mj;sk m%fhdack ;=kla úia;r

lrkak'

is;shï ;=, we;s úúO f;dr;=re tla tla f;aud Tiafia is;shï ;,

f,i .nvdlr ;nd .ekSu yd kej; tajd fjk fjku mßYS,kh

i|yd ,nd .ekSug mj;sk yelshdj'

GISuDÿldx.fhka ks¾ñ; is;shu ;S%udK iajremfhka bÈßm;a

lsÍug mj;sk yelshdj' tu.ska oaõudk is;shulg jvd ld¾hCIu

úYaf,aIKhla isÿl< yelsùu'

GISu.ska wjldYSh o;a; muKla fkdj wjldYSh fkdjk o;a;

úYaf,aIKhg mj;sk yelshdj'



flá ld,hla ;=< is;shï hdj;ald,Sk lsÍfï yelshdj ksid iEu

úgu hdj;ald,Sk lrk ,o ksjerÈ is;shï mßYS,khg we;s

yelshdj'

GIS uDÿldxlfha .nvdlr we;s is;shï j, o;a;j, ksjeros msysàu

mßudKh j¾.M,h jeks mrdñ;Ska ksjerÈj ,nd.eksug mj;sk

yelshdj'

yia;sl is;shï ks¾udKfha§ jk mqoa., noaO fodaI GISis;shï j,

wju ùu ksid ksjerÈ h:d o¾Y is;shï ks¾udKh l< yelsùu'

úYd, o;a; m%udKhla myiqfjka .nvd lr ;nd .ekSu /f.k hdu

jeks lghq;= b;d myiqfõ'

kùk úoHd;aul l%u Ys,amhkays nyq úIhdkq noaO m%fõYhla we;s

neúka ´kEu úoHd{hl=g Ndú;d l< yelsùu'

wka;¾cd,h yryd o;a; ,nd.; yels ùu'

Data Sharing Electronically. ^,l=Kq 2 « 3 } 06 hs&

03' j.= wxl 1 ( YS% ,xldfõ Èia;s%lal wkqj ckixLHdj - 2012 ôyiaj,ska&

Èia;s%lalh ckixLHdj Èia;s%lalh ckixLHdj fld<U 2324 ls,sfkdÉÑ 113 .ïmy 2305 uvl,mqj 526 l¿;r 1222 wïmdr 649 uykqjr 1375 ;s%l=Kdu,h 379 ud;f,a 485 l==reKE., 1618 kqjrt<sh 712 mq;a;,u 762 .d,a, 1063 wkqrdOmqrh 860 ud;r 814 fmdf<dkakrej 406 yïnkaf;dg 599 nÿ,a, 815 hdmkh 584 fudkrd., 451 ukakdru 99 r;akmqr 1088 jõkshdj 172 lE.,a, 840 uq,;sõ 92

uQ,dY%h - ck yd ixLHd f,aLk fomd¾;fïka;=j - fld<U" YS% ,xldj' 2012



(i) f;aud is;shula hkq l=ula o@

f;aud is;shula hkq f;dard.;a úp,Hhla ksYaÑ; m%foaYhla ;=<

^WodyrK( mßmd,k m%foaYhla& jHdma;j we;s wdldrh ksrEmkh lrkq

,nk is;shuls' fN!;sl fyda udkj N+f.da, úoHd;aul ixisoaêka

f;audjla f,i fhdod.kq ,efí'

^,l=Kq 02 hs&

(ii) j.= wxl 1 ys oelafjk o;a; mx;s mylg fnod imhd we;s YS% ,xldfõ

Èia;s%lal is;shu fhdod .ksñka f¾Ldxlsl is;shula ks¾udKh lrkak'

^mx;s mr;rh 446 f,i i,lkak'& ^fï i|yd 6 jeks msgqfha § we;s YS%

,xldfõ Èia;s%la is;shu Ndú; lrkak'&

mka;s m%dka;r

ud;Dldj 𝟏

𝟐 hs" h;=r

𝟏

𝟐 hs" uQ,dY%h

𝟏

𝟐 hs } ,l=Kq 𝟏

𝟏

𝟐 hs

mka;s m%dka;r .Kkh lsÍu } ,l=Kq 𝟐𝟏

𝟐 hs

fiahd lsÍu } ,l=Kq 𝟒 hs

uq¿ ,l=Kq𝟖 hs

< 446= (0- 446)

447 - 893

894 - 1340

1341 - 1787

1788 iy jeä



(iii) Tn ks¾udKh lrk ,o is;shfuys oelafjk ckixLHd jHdma;s rgdfõ

lemS fmfkk ,CIK folla idlÉPd lrkak'

fuu is;shu wkqj YS% ,xldfõ ck ixLHdj wiudk jHdma;shla

fmkakqï lrhs' Èia;s%lalhka ys úYd,Fjhg yd ck ixLHdj w;r

iy iïnkaO;djla fkdmj;S' wvq ck ixLHdjla iys; N+ó m%udKh

wkqj úYd, m%foaYhla oelsh yelsh'

fld<U yd .ïmy Èia;s%lal ck ixLHdj wkqj by< w.hla .ks'

rfgys ck ixLHdfjka jeä fldgila tu osia;s%lal ;=< olakg

,efí'

l=reKE., Èia;s%lalh fojk ldKavhg wh;a fõ' w;r ck

ixLHdj wkqj fojk LdKavhg wh;a jk w;r ck ixLHdj wkqj

;=kajk úYd, Èia;s%lalho fõ'

l¨;r" .d,a," r;akmqr yd uykqjr ck ixLHdj wkqj iudk;djla

fmkakqï lrhs' tu osia;s%lal ck ixLHdj wkqj III LdKavhg wh;a

fõ'

4 jk ldKavhg wh;a Èia;s%lal 9 la jk w;r tu m%foaY uOHia:

ck ixLHdjla iys; l,dmhla fmkakqï lrhs'

hdmkh Èia;s%lalh yer W;=re m,d; ;=,;a" wïmdr Èia;s%lalh yer

kef.kysr m,d; ;=,;a" wvq ck ixLHdjla iys; Èia;s%lal oelsh

yelsh'

f;;a l<dmfha jeä ck ixLHdjla o úh,s l<dmfha wvq ck

ixLHdjla o oelsh yelsh

^lreKq 2 hs" ,l=Kq 2 « 2 } 04 hs&

(iv) Tn Ndú; l<is;shï úoHd;aul l%ufhys jdis folla iy wjdis folla

idlÉPd lrkak'

jdis (

hïlsis N+f.da,Sh lreKla ms<sn| jHdma;sh mßmd,kh m%foaY wkqj

oDIH whqßka bÈßm;a l, yelsùu'

hïlsis N+f.da,ShjHdma;shl l%udKql+, fjkialï ir< f,i

bÈßm;a l< yelsùu'



ks¾udKh myiqùu'

f;dard.kq ,nk mka;s m%dka;r wkqj o;a; jHdma;sh ksremKh l<

yelsùu'

wjdis (

N+f.da,Sh jHdma;shla ienE iajNdjh f¾Ldxlsl is;shula u.ska

ksremKh fkdfõ'

wod, m%foaY ;=, iudk jHdma;shla fmkakqï lrhs'

j¾K $ fiahd lsÍfï ldKav w;r fjki iEuúgu meyeÈ,sj

ksremKh fkdfõ'

o;a; rdYShla fyda N+f.da,Sh m%foaY rdYShla ksremKfha § jvd;a

ir< Ñ;%hla ks¾udKh fõ'

jdis 2 ( ,l=Kq 𝟏𝟏

𝟐 × 𝟐 } 03 hs

wjdis 2 ( ,l=Kq 𝟏𝟏

𝟐 × 𝟐 } 03 hs

,l=Kq𝟔 hs



N+f.da, úoHdj II

1 fldgi - fN!;sl N+f.da, úoHdj

01' (i). wka;¾ckH n,fõ. yd nys¾ckH n,fõ. hkqfjka woyia lrkafka l=ula±hs iòyka lrkak'

^,l=Kq 1« 2 } 02&

wka;¾ckH n,fõ. hkq mD:Sú wNHka;rh ;=< ls%hd;aul jk

n,fõ.hka h' fuu n,fõ. W;amdokh jkafka ndysr yrh ;=< we;s uQ,

øjHj, isÿjk úlsrKYS,s fyda ridhksl m%;sls%hdjka ksid we;sjk

WKqiqï ixjyk Odrdj, m%;sM,hla jYfhks'

mD:sú mDIaGfhka mßndysrj ls%hd;aul jk n,fõ. nys¾ckH n,fõ.

f,i y`ÿkajhs' tkï iq<`." .,d hk c,h" .a,eish¾ yd id.r ;rx. fõ'

fuu ldrlj, ls%hdldÍ;ajh fya;=fjka mDÓúh u; mj;sk N+ rEm

fjkiajk w;r kj N= rEm ks¾udKh ùu o isÿ fõ'

(ii). Ys,df.da,h ;=< ls%hd;aul jk iïmSvk n,fõ. u`.ska ks¾udKh jk keñ j¾. ;=kla fláfhka úia;r lrkak'

^,l=Kq 2« 3 } 06&

iuñ;sl keïukï lsÍu -0'5

wiuñ;sl keïuúia;r lsÍu- 1'5

taldk;s keïu

iudk;s keïu

T;a keïu

W,e`.s keïu

Wvqkeñ uvq,a, yd hákeñ uvq,a,

iuñ;sl keïu (

fomiska t,a, jk n,fõ. tl iudk jQ úg ndyq follska hq;a

iuñ;sl keïula ks¾udKh fõ' Wvq keñ yd há keñ iudk jk w;r

keñ wlaIh mdÓúhg ,ïNlj msysghs' ndyq fol iudk wkql%uhlska

hqla; fõ'

wiuñ;sl keïu (

ndyq fol tlsfklg wiudk wkql%uhla fmkajk w;r keñ

wlaIh mDÒúhg ,ïNlj fkdmsysghs' iïmSvk n,fõ.hg yiqjk



m%foaYfha we;s mdIdKj, m%;sfrdaOl nfõ fjkialï u; tl ndyqjla

wfkla ndyqjg jvd Èla jQ úg wiuñ;sl keïula ks¾udKh fõ'

W,e`.s keïu (

fuu keïfï wlaISh ;,h mD:sú mDIaGh foig fhduq ù ;sfí' há keïu

iïmQ¾Kfhkau jeiS ;sfí' wvq ;rñka tla ndyqjlaj;a 900 jvd jeä

fldaKhlska N%uKh ù we;' fuu W,e`.s keïu l=vd m%;sk;s iy iyk;s

.Kkdjlska iukaú; fõ'

taldk;s keïu (

keñ moaO;shl tla ndyqjla ,ïNdldrj msysàfuka taldk;s

keïula ks¾udKh fõ' ndyq fofla wkql%uh w;sYhska wiudk fõ' tla

nEjqula fudfydr nEjqula jk w;r wfkla nEjqu uò nEjqï iys; fõ'

iudk;s keïu (

keñ lsysmhla tlaj .;a l, ta ish,af,au keñ wlaI idudk jQ

wdk;shlska hqla; fõ' tla tla keïfï wlaISh ;, tlsfklg iudka;rj

msysghs'

T;a keïu (

t,a, jk n,fõ. yd mdIdK ia:rj, wiudk;dj jvd;a ;Sj% jk

úg keïu jvd;a ;Sj% ùfuka by, ndyqj my< ndyqj u; ;eïm;a ù T;a

keïu ks¾udKh fõ'

Wvqkeñ uvq,a, yd hákeñ uvq,a, (

iïmSvk n,fõ.j,g ,la jQ we;eï m%foaYj, Wvq keñ yd há

keñ iys; ixlS¾K jQ l=vd keñ rdYshla ks¾udKh jk w;r tjeks Wvq

keñ yd há keñ .Kkdjlska iukaú; úYd, há keïula há keñ

uvq,a, f,i o l=vd Wvq keñ yd há keñ /ilska iukaú; úYd, Wvq

keïula Wvqkeñ uvq,a,la f,i o ye`Èkafõ'

(iii). Ys,df.da,h ;=< ls%hd;aul jk wd;;Sh n,fõ. u`.ska ks¾udKh jk

úfNao j¾. ;=kla fláfhka úia;r lrkak'

^,l=Kq 2« 3 } 06&

idudkH úfNaohkï lsÍu -0'5

fydaiaÜ úfNaohúia;r lsÍu - 1'5

fidamdk úfNaoh2'0



iqúfNao ksïk

l=Üá úfNaoh

idudkH úfNaoh (

wd;;Sh n,h ksid úfNao ;,h u; tu me;s by<g fyda my,g

hhs' ta ksid idudkH úfNaoh ks¾udKh fõ'

iqúfyao ksïkh (

mDÓú lfndf,a fldgia idudka;rj my;a jk úg ke;akï

wd;;Sh n,fhka .s,d nisk úg iqúfNao ksïk ks¾udKh fõ'

Wod # kef.kysr wms%ldkq iqúfNao ksïkh

fidamdk úfNaoh (

mdIdK l=Üá .s,d neiSu ksid mäfm<l wdldrh .;a nEjqï ksïk

ks¾udKh ùfuka fidamdk úfNaoh ks¾udKh fõ'

Wod # rhska .x`.d ksïkh

fydaiaÜ úfNaoh (

W;slaIsma; l=Üá we, fkdù ;sriaj mj;sk úg tajd fydaiaÜ

hkqfjka ye`Èkafõ' fuu úfNaoh È.eá yevfhka hqla; jk w;r

úfNaoh u`.ska óg¾ 2000 isg óg¾ 4000 olajd Wig l`ÿjeá

ks¾udKh lrkq ,nhs'

l=Üá úfNaoh (

úfNao ;, Tiafia l=vd l=Üá W;slaIsma; ùfuka l=Üá úfNao

ks¾udKh fõ' fuys § mDÓú lfnd, LKavkh jk w;r úúO Wi

uÜgïj, yd ÈYdjkag tu LKavkh jQ fldgia ú;eka ùu isÿfõ'

m%;sj¾;k úfNaoh (

m%;sj¾;k úfNaoh hkq úfNao ;,hg wdk;j tla wxYhla wfkla

wxYh u; md¾Yaúlj f;rmSfuka we;sjk N+ rEmhlS' fuys §

,Uì;h (hanging wall)by< my< .uka lrk w;r mdì;h

(footwall)tf,iu mj;S' fuu p,kh" f;rmqu fya;=fjka isÿjk

w;r N+ ldrl ;eá udhsï wdikakfha ksrka;rfhka olakg ,efí'

W,e`.s úfNaoh o m%;sj¾;k úfNaohla jk w;r 450 jvd wvq

wdk;shlska hqla; fõ'

kï lsÍu muKla -0'5 úia;r lsÍu - 1'5 2'0



(iv) by< wlaIdxYSh m%foaYj, ls%hd;aul jk m%Odk nys¾ckH n,fõ.hla ksid ks¾udKh jk N+ ,laIK ;=kla iqÿiq rEm igyka weiqfrka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

^,l=Kq 2 « 3 } 06& rEm igyk - 1

v%ï,skaúia;r - 1

tia;r

ìcqmeis

fudf¾k ^fudf¾k ,laIK 3la jqjo i,lkq ,efí&

ìys;ekak

frdIauqfgdkafka$úIu m%dka;fy<

U yev ksïk

,ïn ksïk$ t,af,k ksïkh

mS;A; má ú,a$ ú,a je,a

i¾l

msróvdldr uqÿka

wf¾g

msfhdav fjr<

02' (i) .x`.d ksïkhl isÿjk Ldokh flfrys n,mdk idOl y;rla iòyka

lrkak'

^,l=Kq 0'5 « 4 } 2&

.x`.dfõ nEjqu idOkhg 0'5 « 4

N+ jHqyh

Nydrfha iajNdjh

mdxY+ j¾.h

ksïkfha úYd,;ajh yd yevh

j¾Idm;k ;Sjq;dj$c,fha m%fõ.h yd c, mßudj

mdIdK j< m%;sfrdaO;ajh

udkj lghq;=

(ii) .x`.d ksïkhl Ldokh isÿjk l%u ;=kla fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

^,l=Kq 2 « 3 } 06&

.x`.d Ldokh flfrys n,mdk m%Odk l%u jkafka W,af,aLh" >¾IKh"

ix>¾IKh" ødjKh" ødj ls%hdj



W,af,aLh (

.x`.djl mßjykh jk LdÈ; øjH fya;=fjka .x bjqr isÍhdu'

>¾IKh (

.x`.d Ndrh ;=< we;s øjH tlsfklg .eàu >¾IKhhs' fï ksid

øjH l=vd ù mßjykh myiq fõ'

ix>¾IKh (

.x`.d Ndrh u`.ska .f`.ys bjqre yd m;a, Ldokh ùu ix>¾IKhhs'

ødjKh (

c,h .,d hEfï fõ.h wkqj ksrdjrKh jQ mdIdK u;ska Èh lò

.,d hk úg isÿjk ridhksl ls%hdj ødjKh f,i ye`Èkafõ' ix>¾IKh

u`.ska bj;a l< fkdyels mdIdK ødjKh u`.ska bj;a fõ'

ødj ls%hdj (

.x`.djl c,h .,d hk úg mdIdK mDIaGhla u;ska c,h p,kh

ùfï § hdka;s%l cS¾K ls%hd,sh u`.ska tu mdIdKh Ldokh ùu'

(iii) .x`.d ksïkhl by< fldgfia olakg ,efnk N+ ,laIK ;=kla

fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

^,l=Kq 2« 3 } 06&

kï lsÍug 0'5

úia;rh 1'5

.x`.d ksïkhl by< fldgi iS>% nEjqï iys;j .x`.d ´vh mgq jk w;r

.x`.dfõ c,h .,dhdu fõ.j;ah' .x`.dfõ by< fldgfia § isria Ldokh

wêl fõ' tu ksid .x`.djl by< fldgfia my; iòyka N+ rEm olakg

,efí'

V yev ksïk (

.x`.dfõ iS>% nEjqu ksid c,h .,dhdu fõ.j;a fõ' fuu

fõ.j;a .e,Sfï§ isÿjk Ldok ls%hdj,sh u`.ska .x`.dfõ uDÿ mdIdK

Ldokh ùu ksid .x.dfõ nEjqu m%md;dldr fõ' tu ksid ksïk mgq



iy .eUqre jk w;r .x.dfõ yria me;slvVwl=rl yevfhka hqla;

fõ' tu ksid tu ksïk V yev ksïk f,i y`ÿkajhs'

.,ajk (

.x`.djl by< fldgfia .x m;=, wdYs%;j y`ÿkd.; yelsh'

fïjd ks¾udKh jkqfha ix>¾IKh fya;=fjks' .x`.d c,fha

mßjykh flfrk Ndrh u`.ska .x.dfõ m;=< ;=< we;s uDÿ mdIdK

Ldokh ùu ksid .x m;af,ys ;eksska ;ek l=vd j<j,a ks¾udKh

fõ' fuu j<j,a .,ajk ,laIK f,i yÿkajhs'

fodrej (

;o mdIdK ia:r folla w;ßka .`. .,d hdfï § th

fndfyda ÿrg mgq ù ks¾udKh jk N+ rEm ,laIKhls' fujeks

fodare ,laIK ksid Èhwe,s o ks¾udKh úh yelsh' fuh .eUqre

fodarejlg jvd l=vd fõ'

Èh we,s

fk;a;sfkre

(iv) .x`.d ksïkhl my< fldgfia § ksêidokh ksid ks¾udKh jk N+

,laIK ;=kla úia;r lrkak'

^,l=Kq 2 « 3 } 06&

yevm¨ .x`.d (

.x.djl c, m%jdyh fifuka .,k wjia:dfõ§ wjidÈ; ;ekam;a

ùu fya;=fjka iq,nj ks¾udKh jk N+ rEmhls' fï fya;=fjka .x.dfõ

ÈYdk;sh fjkia ùu;a kj .x.d ´v yg .ekSu;a isÿ fõ'.x.dfõ

wjidÈ; Ndrh nßka jeäùu fya;=fjkA thska hï fldgila ksêidOkhg

,la ù úia:dmkh jk ¥m;a yd mrhka yg.kakd ia:dkj, yevm¨ .x.d

N+ rEmh ks¾udKh fõ'

.x lKaä (

.x`.d msgdr .e,Sfï § nßka jeä r`M Èh`M fldgia .x`.d bjqre

fomi jßka jr ;eïm;a úfuka wjg m%foaYj,g jvd Wiajk fia .x

lKaä ks¾udKh fõ'



msgdr ;eks (

msgdr ;eks ks¾udKh jkafka .x o`.rhla my<g .,d hdfï§

me;a;lska fidaodf.k hdu fya;=fjks' .x`.djla tys bjqre lvd hdfï È

Èh`M mia ia:r b;sß lrkq ,nhs' fïjd l%ufhka ;ekafka m;=< ks¾udKh

lrkq ,nhs' Èh`M ;eks jYfhka ye`Èkafjk fuu ;eks;,d ìïj, mi

idrj;a jk neúka j.d lghq;=j,g fhda.H fõ'

fv,agdj (

.x.dj /f.k hk øjH .x fudafha ;ekam;a ùu ksid fv,agdj

ks¾udKh fõ' .x`.d Ndrh wêNdrhla ùu fyj;a Yla;su;a ùu" by, .x

fødaKshg wêl j¾Idm;khla ,eîu" .xfudah .eUqre fkdùu iy id.r

Èhje,a yd ;rx.j, wvq fõ.h fv,agdjla ks¾udKhg fya;= fõ' fv,agd

ks¾udKfha § .x`.dj l=vd c, myrj,g fn§ hhs' fï ;=<ska wjdkl

yevh .kakd fv,agd" mlaIsmdo yevh .kakd fv,agd ks¾udKh fõ'

ÿkqú, (

c,h wêl jQ wjia:djkays oS o`.r .eiqKq .x`.d" o`.r fkrefjka

f., yryd .,d tajdfha ud¾.h flálr .ks' fuf,i yEreKq .x o`.rh

wdrïNfha § fjkuu fldgila f,i olakg ,efnk w;r miq ld,Skj

ú,la njg m;afõ' fuu N+ rEmh tys we;s wYaj ,dvulg iudk jQ

iqúfYaIS jl% yevh ksidfjkau wYaj,dvï ú, f,iska o y`ÿkajhs'

.xo.r" me, j.=r" j.=r" ú,a¨" .xor.r" Èh¿wjdka" .xfudah'

03' (i) foaY.=Ksl fjkiaùu hkqfjka woyia lrkafka l=ula±hs olajkak'

^,l=Kq 2« 1 } 02&

È.= ld,hla ;=< mj;akd ld,.=Ksl ;;a;ajh idudkH fjkiaùulg

,laùu foaY.=Ksl fjkiaùï f,i ye`Èkafõ'

(ii) foaY.=Ksl fjkiaùïj,g odhljk iajNdúl idOl ;=kla fláfhka

úia;r lrkak'

^,l=Kq 2« 3 } 06& kï lsßu 0'5

úia;r 1'5 2'0

ysre,mj, n,mEu

huy,a ls%hdldÍ;ajh

id.r u;=msg WIaK;aj fjkialï we;s ùu



t,aksfkda

,dkskd

,eõ.sks

yß;d.dr wdprKh

ysre,mj, n,mEu (

jdhqf.da,Sh moaO;sh ;dmj;a ùu iQ¾h úlsrKh u`.ska isÿ ùu

idudkH ixisoaêhls' fuu ;;a;ajh we;eï úg fjkia jkafka ysref.a

u;=msg we;s jk uyd msmqreï fya;=fjks' fuu msmqreï iQ¾hhdf.a pqïnl

fCIa;%fha we;s jk wka;¾ l%shdldrlï ksid we;s fõ' fujeks msmqreï

ksid ysref.ka uyd .sks±,a u;= fõ' .sks±,a we;s ù ksù hdug jir 11l

muK ld, mßÉfþohla .; jk nj ksÍCIK u`.ska fy<s ù we;' fuu

msmqreï ia:dk w÷re meyefhka Èiafõ' fïjd ysre ,m f,i ye¢kafõ'

È.ska È.g ysre ,m we;s ùu u`.ska mDÓúhg ,efnk ;dm m%udKfha

fjkialï we;s fõ' fufia ,efnk ;dm m%udKh jdhqf.da,hg Wrd .ekSu

ksid mDÓú WIaK;ajh jeä fõ' fuys m%;sM, f,i kshÕ we;s ùu"

ldka;dÍlrKh" Ydl j¾Okhg n,mEï t,a, ùu" <eõ.sks jeks ixisoaê

y÷kd f.k we;'

huy,a ls%hdldÍ;ajh ( huy,a l%shdldß;ajh u`.ska o mDÓú jdhqf.da,h ;dmj;a fõ'

mDÓú;,fha we;s me,Sï" l=ia;+r" úfNao wd§ ÿ¾j, ia:dk u`.ska mDÓú

wNHka;rfha we;s ue.aud" mdÓú;,h u;=msgg meñK isis,a ùfï § wêl

;dm m%udKhla jdhqf.da,hg uqÞ yef¾' óg wu;rj w¿" ÿï" ¥,s" wd§ øjH

úYd, f,i jdhqf.da,hg tl;= fõ' fuys m%;sM, f,i iq<x ixirK

rgdfõ fjkia ùï" wêl WIaK;ajh yd wêl j¾Idj jeks ixisoaê we;s

fõ'

id.r u;=msg WIaK;aj fjkialï we;s ùu ( jdhqf.da,fha mj;sk wêl WIaK;ajh id.r c,h uÕska

wjfYdaIKh lr .ekSu ksid tys WKqiqu jeä ù >k;ajh wvq ùfuka

mßudj jeä fõ' fuu`.ska id.ßl m%jdyj, ixirKfha f.da,Sh rgdj o

fjkia fjñka mj;sk nj ksÍlaIKh lr we;' ksoiqka f,i .sïydk

ld,fha § meis*sla fjr<nv WKqiqï f.dvìï m%foaYj, wvq mSvkhla o

YS; id.r u;=msg jeä mSvkhla o mj;sk neúka il%Sh yd fõ.j;a iq<x

yeóula isÿ fõ' id.r u;=msg WIaK;aj fjkialï ksid WKqiqï yd YS;



Èhje,aj, ixirK rgd fjkia ùu" iq<x rgd fjkia ùu" l=Kdgq we;s ùu"

my;a ìï hg ùu" lfvd,dk mßir úkdY ùu" ,jK c,h f.dvìug

.,d tAu wdÈ isÿùï /ila we;s fjñka mj;shs'

t,aksfkda ( meis*sla id.rh u;=msg iEu jir 3-5 w;r ld,hlg jrla úYd,

WKqiqï c, u;=msgla ks¾udKh ù jirla fyda Bg jeä ld,hla mqrd th

mj;S' ta wkqj fmare yd blajfodar rdcH wjg meis*sla id.r c,fha

WIaK;ajh jeä ùu ksid jdhq mSvkfha yd iq<x rgdfõ we;s jk

fjkialï t,aksfkda yg.ekSug fya;= ù we;' fuh idudkHfhka k;a;,a

iufha § isÿ jk neúka l%sia;= orejd hk w¾:h we;s —t,aksfkda˜ kñka

y÷kajhs' t,aksfkda ksid mDÓúh u; wka;.dó ld,.=K ;;a;ajhka we;s

ù f.da,Sh WKqiqu jeä fõ'

,dkskd ( t,aksfkda ixisoaêh wjika ùu;a iu`. ,dkskd ;;a;aj ks¾udKh

fõ' t,aksfkda ksid wêl WIaK;ajhla yg.;a m%foaYj, ,dkskd ;;a;aj

ksid YS; mßirhla ks¾udKh fjhs' ksß; È. meis*sla id.rfha widudkH

f,i YS; id.ßl c,;,hla fuu`.ska ks¾udKh fõ' ksoiqka f,i 1998

cqks udifha § meis*sla id.rfha kef`.kysr c,;,h tla jr u isis,a ù

jdhq mSvkh jeä ù Èhje,aj, fõ.h fjkia ùug ,la ù we;'

(iii) f.da,Sh foaY.=K fjkiaùï udkqI ls%hdldrlï flfrys n,mdk wdldrh

WodyrK ;=kla weiqßka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

^,l=Kq 2« 3 } 06&

lDIsl¾uh

foaY.=K fjkia ùï lDIsl¾uh flfrys Rcq j u n,mdhs'

j¾Idm;k rgd fjkia ùfuka th isÿ úh yels h'

foaY.=K fjkia ùï ksid frda. yd m,sfndaO Wjÿre jeä fõ'

Ydlj, M, yg .ekSu wvq ùu;a wl,g M, yg .ekSu;a isÿ fõ'

kshx ;;a;aj ksid mfia wdï,sl;dj by< hdfuka bvï" j.djg

kqiqÿiq fõ'

id.r c, uÜgu by< hdu ksid fjr<nv lDIs bvï j.d l<

fkdyels ;;a;ajhg m;a fõ'



fNda. wiajkq wvq ùu ksid lDIs wd¾Ólh lvd jeàug mq¿jk'

wdydr iqrlaIs;;dj ms<sn| .eg¨ we;s fõ'

iajdNdúl úm;a jeä ùu ksid lDIs ìï úkdY fõ'

YS; R;=j flá ùu fyda .sïydkh È.= ùu ksid we;eï m%foaYj,

me, jefvk ld,h §¾> ùfuka jdis iy.; ;;a;ajhka o we;s úh

yels h'

l¾udka;

yß;d.dr jdhq úfudapkh md,kh lsÍu i|yd f,dalfha fndfyda

rgj,a foaY.=K úm¾hdi ms<sn| f.da,Sh iïuq;sj,g w;aika lsÍu

ksid wdlr l¾udka;fha miqnEula we;s ùu'

w¨;a mßir ;;a;ajhkag uqyqK §ug isÿ ùu ksid l¾udka;j,

msßjeh by< hdu'

iajdNdúl úm;a we;s ùu jeä ù we;s neúka l¾udka; Yd,d yd

ksIamdok úkdY ù hdu'

ëjr ìïj, jHdma;sh yd u;aiH .yKh flf¾ we;s jk n,mEu'

jdiia:dk

f.da,Sh WKqiqu jeä ùu ksid id.r c, uÜgu by< hdfuka

fjr<nv ckdjdi úkdY ùu'

f,dal ck.ykfhka 50]la muK uqyqÿ fjrf<a isg ls'ó' 60l ÿr

m%udKhla ;=< jdih lr;s' f,dalfha k.rj,ska 3$4la muK

fjr<nv msysgd we;'

f.da,Sh WKqiqu jeä ùu fya;=fjka mßir WIaK;ajh by< hdu

ksid jdiia:dk ;=< úfYaIfhka kd.ßl m%foaYj, ksjdi

ixlS¾Kj, Ôj;a ùu wmyiq ùu'

n,Yla;s Ndú;fhka ksjdi ;=< Ôj;a ùu myiq ;;a;ajhg m;a lr

.ekSu ksid n,Yla;s msßjeh by< hdu'

jdiia:dk bÈ lsÍug hk msßjeh jeä ùu'

jdiia:dkj,g iajdNdúl úm;aj,ska isÿ jk ydks jeä ùu'



kshx iy c, .e,Sï jeks iajdNdúl Wmøj ksid jdiia:dkj,g

we;s jk n,mEu'

wka;.dó ld,.=K ;;a;ajhka ksid we;s jk n,mEu' WÞ( iq<s

l=Kdgq

fi!LHh

frda. jdylhka u`.ska me;sfrk fnda jk frda. by< hdu yd frda.

me;sÍu' WÞ( fvx.="uef,aßhd" nrjd

• wêl WKqiqug fyda YS;,g fyda ksrdjrKh ùu yd jdhq ¥IKh

fya;=fjka yDo frda. fyda p¾u ms<sld jeä ùu'

• foaY.=K fjkia ùï lDIs ksIamdokhg wys;lr f,i n,mEfuka

wdydr yd fmdaIK uÜgï my< hdu u`.ska ukaofmdaIKh jeks

fmdaIK W!k;d wdY%s; frda. ;;a;ajhka j¾Okh ùu'

• mdßißl WIaK;ajh jeä ùu u`.ska Yajik frda. by< hdu'

• iajikh

(iv) foaY.=Ksl fjkiaúïj, wys;lr n,mEï wju lr .ekSu iòyd

wkq.ukh l< yels ls%hdud¾. ;=kla meyeÈ,s lrkak'

^,l=Kq 2 « 3 } 06&

wêmßfNdackh iSud lsÍu

ñksid Tyqf.a ixlS¾K wjYH;d iu`. nyqNdKav mßyrKh i|yd

fhduq ù we;' úfYaIfhka ixj¾ê; f,dalfha rgj, fï ;;a;ajh lemS

fmfkhs' uQ,sl wjYH;d f,i ie,flk c,h" wdydrmdk" we`ÿï me<÷ï"

jdiia:dk i|yd wêl b,aüla mj;sk w;r ñksid úiska mßyrKh

lrkq ,nk NdKav yd WmlrK mßjyk udOH" fiajd myiqlï ms<sn| j

wêl b,aüla mej;S' fï fya;=fjka mßir iïm;a wêl f,i

mßfNdackh i|yd fhduq ù we;' ksoiqka f,i c,h" mi" Lksc iïm;a"

jd;h" jkdka;r fï w;r lemS fmfkk f,i wêmßfNdackhg fhduq ù

we;'

- fï ksid fmdis, bkaOk iïm;a Ndú;h iSud l< hq;= h'

- jkdka;r ;srir f,i Ndú; lsÍu wjYH j we;'

- ñksidf.a wêmßfNdackh iSud lr .ekSug" ir, yd pdï

Èúfmfj;lg yqre ùu'



- wêmßfNdackh iSud lr .ekSfuka ld¾hCIu j yd M,ÞhS j

iïm;a mßyrKh l< yels h'

ldnka úfudapkh wju lsÍu

- jk jeiau wdrCId lsÍu yd kej; jk j.dj u`.ska mDÓú jk

wdjrKh ixrCIKh l< hq;= h' yß;d.dr jdhq wjfYdaIK

yelshdj we;s m%n, u iajdNdúl udOHh jkdka;r h'

- fmdis, bkaOk oykh ldnka úfudapkh g m%n, u idOlhla

jk ksid bkaOk oykh iSud lsÍug mshjr .; hq;= h'

- n,Yla;s ld¾hCIu;dj by< kexùu" n,Yla;s Ndú;h wju

lsÍu" úl,am n,Yla;s fj; fhduq ùu" i;a;aj md,k lghq;=

iSud lsÍu" m%jdyK ld¾hCIu;dj by< kexùu" wmøjH

l<ukdlrKh" ir, Wmdx. Ndú;h yd ir, Èú meje;au

wdÈh u`.ska ldnka úfudapkh wju lsÍu l< yels h'

cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r m%;sm;a;sj,g yd ks¾foaYj,g wkq.; ùu

- tlai;a cd;Skaf.a foaY.=K úm¾hdi ms<sn| rduq.; iïuq;sh

wkqj lghq;= lsÍu'

- tlai;a cd;Skaf.a foaY.=K úm¾hdi ms<sn| rduq.; iïuq;sh

f.da,Sh jYfhka ksis mßÈ l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd kS;Hdkql+,

mokula iys; lsfhdf;da ikaOdkh msysgq ùu yd Bg wkq.;

ùu'

- foaY.=K úm¾hdi ms<sn| meßia COP21 (Conference ofParties)iy

meßia iïuq;shg wkqj lghq;= lsÍu' fï i|yd rgj,a 55la

w;aika lr we;'

- wkq.; ùu ioyd .kq ,nk l%shdud¾.

04' (i) ìfhdauhla ^Biome& hkq l=ula ±hs ks¾jpkh lrkak'

² hï foaY.=Ksl j¾.hlg wkqj¾;kh jQ ksYaÑ; Ydl yd i;a;aj

m%cdjla iys; mßirhla

² ksIaÑ; i;a;aj yd Ydl úfYaI ixLdjhla iys; yd jDlaI ,;d

jkays lsishï ksIaÑ; jHqyhla mj;sk mßirhla ìfhdaula fõ'

^,l=Kq 02&



(ii) f,dalfha olakg ,efnk tla m%Odk ìfhdauhla f;dardf.k tu ìfhdauh

jHdma;sh flfrys n,mdwe;s m%Odk idOl ;=kla meyeÈ,s lrkak'

01' ksj¾;k j¾Id jkd;a;r ìfhdauh

² 2500mm jvd jeä j¾Idm;khla mej;Su

² jir mqrdu jHdma;jq j¾Idm;khla mj;sk m%foaYhla ùu

² idfmaCI wdø;djh 75 jvd jeäfhka mj;sk m%foaYhla úu

² j¾Ih mqryu me;srekq 20 C0 - 30 C0w;r WIAK;ajhla

mj;sk m%foaYhla ùu

² jif¾ jeä ld,hla ;=< mdxY+ f;;ukh mej;Su

² ksj¾;k j¾Id foaY.=Ksl l,dmh ;=< msysáu

02' fi!uH l,dmsl ìfhdauh

² 150 mm - 750 mm w;r m%udkhl j¾Idm;khla ,efnk

m%foaYhla ùu

² wvq WIAK;ajhla mej;Su iy WIAK;ajh jir mqrd taldldj

fkdmej;Su

² .sïydk iD;=fõ§ WIAK;ajh jeäúu

² jir mqrd WIAK;ajh úp,kh ùu

² b;d ire fmdaIl øjH iys; mila ùu

² .sïydk ld,fha § WIAK;jh yd wd¾ø;djh jeä ùu

03' uOHOrKs jkdka;r ìfhdauh ² ±ä lgql .sïydk ld,hla iy b;d uDÿ YsYsrhla olakg

,eîu

² jd¾Isl j¾Idm;kh 762 mm jvd wvq ùu

² YsYsrfha § jeä j¾Idm;khla ,efnk m%foaYhla ùu

² .%SIau ld,fha § WIAK;ajh 26 C0 - 32 C0 w;r o YsYsrfha §

12 C0 - 10 C0 muK ùu

04' ;DK N+ñ yd iejdkd ìfhdauh ² YS; udifha § jeä u WIAK;ajh18 C 0úu

² jdIamSlrKh ;rula by, úu

² jd¾Isl j¾Idm;kjh fndfydaúg 1000 mm - 1500 mmw;r

ùu

² úh,s iD;=j È.= w;r j¾Id iD;=j flá ùu



² úh,s ;o iq<x mej;su

05' ghs.d jkaka;r ìfhdauh ² j¾Ih mqrd jHdma; jQ j¾Idm;khla olakg ,eìu

² §¾> iS; iD;=jla yd flá .sïydkhla mej;Su

² WIAK;ajh wvqj mej;Su

06' ldka;drìfhdauh ² WIAK;ajh b;d by, w.hla .ekSu

² j¾Idm;kh b;d wvqùu

² je,s mi nyqj, olakg ,eîu

² b;d by, iq,x ;;a;ajhla mej;Su

² WIAK;aj wka;rh Èjd iy rd;%S ld,fha § by, w.hla .ekSu

07' ;=kaød ìfhdauh ² b;d flá .sïydkhla mej;Su ûdi 2 - 4 muK &

² .sïydkfha § ;=ySk yg .ekSu

² jd¾Isl j¾Idm;kh250 mm - 300 mmw;r ùu

² Ys; ld,fha § N+ñfha jeä m%udKhla ysu j,ska jeiS mej;Su

^,l=Kq 2 « 3 } 06 hs&

(iii) by; ii ys Tn f;dard.kq ,enQ ìfhdaufha lemS fmfkk ,laIK ;=kla meyeÈ,s lrkak'

01' ksj¾;k j¾Id jkd;a;r ìfhdauh

² Ydl iodyß; ùu

² b;d by, ffcj úúO;ajhla mej;Su

² wms Ydl yd wdfrdayl Ydl nyq, ùu

² Ydl ia:Ílrkhla olakg ,eîu

² wdf,dalh fkdue;sùfuka há frdamkh ÿ¾j, ùu

² Ydl úYd, ixLHdjla ,.ska msysáu iy Wig jeäu

02' fi!uH l,dmsl ìfhdauh

² ffcj úúO;ajh ks¾j¾;k jkdka;r ;rï nyq, fkdùu

² iodyß; iy m;k YS,s Ydl olakg ,eîu

² ia;ÍlrKh ksj¾;k jkdka;r ;rï olakg fkd,eìu

² ;DK j¾. fuka mdis olakg ,eîu

² .ia Wig fkdjeãu



03' uOHOrKs jkdka;r ìfhdauh

² úh<s .%SIauhg wkqj¾;kh jQ iodyß; Ydl olakg ,eîu

² W;aiafõoh wvq lsßug isyska fld< fyda bá j,ska jeiqkq

l=vd m;% iys; Y+IarEms Ydl olakg ,eîu

² Ydl .eg iys; loka yd >k.ï fmd;= ú,ska hqla; ùu

² N+.; c,h weo .ekSug Ydl È.= uq,a mej;Su

04' ;DK N+ñ yd iejdkd ìfhdauh

² ;DK úfYaI nyq,j olakg ,eîu

² ;ekska ;ek .ia fukau mÿre Ydl jHdma;j mej;Su

² úúO rEmdldrj,ska hqla; m;% iys; Ydl mej;Su

² Ydl j¾. w;r weflaYshd" nfhda nema jeks Ydl j¾. olakg

,eîu

² mhsika ðrd*a" iSnd %jeks i;=ka olakg ,eîu

05' ghs.d jkka;r ìfhdauh ² ;obÈlvqjeks m;% iys; Ydl olakg ,eìu ² Ydl iDcq jk w;r,S uDÿ njla .ekSu ² iodyß; Ydl olakg ,eìu

² Ydl j¾. w;r *hskia" iamDDia" ,d¾Ñ" ihsm%ia" iSv¾" fmdma,¾ jeks Ydl nyq, ùu

06' ldka;dr ìfhda uh ² úYd, Ydl olakg fkd,eîu' fmo mdis jeks l=vd Ydl

úfYaI olakg ,eîu ² fCIau N+ñiy CIKsljeis jefgk ;ekaj, iq¿ Ydl

jeiaula olakg ,eîu ² ñá mÿre ;ekska ;ek olakg ,eìu ² Ydl Y+Ial rEmS neúka hqla; ùu ² Ydlj, È.= uq,a moaO;shla olakg ,eîu ² Ydl j¾. w;r mf;dla j¾. lgq mÿre nyq,j olakg ,eîu ² Tgqjka" leka.rejka iy lgqiq úfYaI olakg ,eîu

07' ;=kaød jkdka;r ìfhdauh ² ysu jeiau ksid úYd, jDlaIjeiaula olakg fkd,eîu ² fm| mdis jeks Ydl muKla olakg ,eîu ² msksuqjka" fmka.=úka jeks i;=ka olakg ,eîu

^,l=Kq 2 « 3 } 6&



(iv) Y%S ,xldfõ olakg ,efnk f;;aìï ìfhdaufha mdßißl jeo.;a lï ;=kla meyeÈ,s lrkak'

² úúO j¾.fha c,c Ydl yd c,c ðúka olakg ,efnk b;d by, ffcj úúO;ajhla we;s m%foaYhla ùu

² .xj;=r md,kh ioyd odhl ùu ² fjr< wdY%S; f;;a ìïj, f,dj we;s lfvd,dk úfYaI 55

ka 23 la olakg ,eîu

fkajdisl ixl%uksl mlaISka úYd, ixLHdjlf.a jdhq N+ñhla ùu

² c,h nei hdug odh ùu ² fjr< wdY%S; f;;a ìï fjr< Ldokh je,elaúu iy fjr<

ia:djr lsßug odhl ùu ² c,fha we;s ¥Il øjH wjfYdaIKh lrf.k c,h msßmy¥

lsßu ² iq<x ndOlhla f,i lghq;= lsßu ² u;aiH iïm; ioyd f;;aìï jeo.;a ùu

^,l=Kq 2 « 3 } 06 hs&



IIfldgi - udkqI N+f.da, úoHdj

(i) j.= wxl 1 ys y÷kd.; yels cd;Hka;r ixl%uKfha lemS fmfkk ,CIK

y;rlai|yka lrkak'

1990 - 2017 olajd ld,h ;=< § cd;Hka;r ixl%uKslhkaf.a

ixLHdj wLKavj jeä ù ;sfí' ^1990 § ñ,shk 152'5 isg 2017 §

ñ,shk 257'7 olajd&

ixj¾ê; yd ixj¾Okh jk l,dm fol lrdu cd;Hka;r

ixl%uKslhka we£ f.dia ;sfí'

cd;Hka;r ixl%uKslhkaf.ka nyq;rh ixl%uKh jkafka

ixj¾ê; rgj,g h'

tfiau ixj¾ê; rgj,g ixl%uKh jk whf.a ixLHdjo l%ufhka

jeä ù ;sfí'

uq¿ ixl%uKslhkaf.ka m%;sY;hla jYfhka ie,l= úg ixj¾ê;

rgj,g hk whf.a ixLHdj WÉPdjpkh ù ;sfí'

ixj¾Okh jk rgj,g ixl%uKh jkakkaf.a ixLHdjo wod,

ld,h ;=< § lemS fmfkk f,i WÉPdjpkh ù we;'

tfiau" ixj¾Okh jk rgj,g ixl%uKh jkakkaf.a ixLHdfõ

m%;sY;h wvq ù ;sfí'

^,l=Kq 0'5 x4 = 02 hs&

05'



(ii) ixj¾ê; rgj,a lrd ixl%uKh ùug ck;dj fmd<Ujk idOl

;=klafláfhka úia;r lrkak'

ixj¾ê; rgj, mj;akd wd¾Ól wjia:d ( /lshd wjia:d yd wdodhï

bmhSfï wjia:d' ^weo .ekSfï idOl&

by<Ôjk ;;a;ajhla N=la;s ú§fï wfmaCIdj' ^weo .ekSfï idOl&

orejkaf.a wOHdmkh i|yd myiqlï ;sîu' ^weo .ekSfï idOl&

;ud Ôj;ajk rgj, ;sfnk wd¾Ól .eg¨ /lshd .eg¨ ^;,a¨

lsÍfï idOl&

iudc msßySu" .=KO¾u msßySu" wmrdO jeäùu' ^;,a¨ lsÍfï idOl&

foaYmd,k wia:dhs;dj' ^;,a¨ lsÍfï idOl&

ixj¾ê; rgj, mj;akd foaYmd,k yd wd.ñl ksoyi' ^weo .ekSfï idOl&

ixj¾ê; rgj,a ixl%uKslhka weo .ekSu ioyd wkq.ukh lrk l%shdud¾.

^,l=Kq 2 « 3 } 06 hs&

(iii) ixl%uKh ksid .ukdka; m%foaYj, yg.kakd iudc - wd¾Ól fjkiaùï ;=klameyeÈ,s lrkak'

idudÔh fjkiaùu (

ck ixLHdfõ ixhq;sh fjkia ùu" úúO ck j¾." úúONdId

l:dlrk ck;dj iys; iudchla ìysùu" ck iudch úúO ùu'

ixl%uKslhka fndfyda úg ;reK jhfia miq jkakka neúka ck

ixLHdfõ j¾Ok Ys>%;dj by< hdfï m%jK;dj îdM,H;d uÜgu

by< hdfuka&

.ukdka; rgj, wdodhu je=äùu

ck iudch ;=< úúO .eg¨ we;s ùu'

we;eï m%foaY ixl%uKslhkaf.ka u ckdlS¾K ùu'

ixl%uKslhka fndfyda úg wvq fõ;k iys; /lshd j, kshqla; jqj

o Tjqka ksid we;eï úg iajfoaYslhkaf.a /lshd wjia:d ke;s ùu'



kS;HkQl+, fkdjk ixl%uKslhka ksid ixj¾ê; rgj, we;sjk

iudÔh yd wd¾Ól .eg¨ ( wefußld tlai;a ckmoh jeks rgj,g

kS;Hdkql+, fkdjk ixl%uKh je<elaùu i|yd wêl úhoula

oeÍug isÿ ù ;sîu ksoiqkls'

kj Ys,am l%u bÈßm;a ùu

ixl%uKh wefußld tlai;a ckmoh yd hqfrdamd rgj, foaYmd,k

m%Yakhla njg m;aj ;sîu'

kj ixialD;Ska .ek oek.ekSu

(iv) YS% ,xldfõ ckjHdma;sh flfrys ixl%uKh n,md we;s wdldrh ksoiqka

;=kla weiqßka idlÉPd lrkak'

W;=re ueo yd kef.kysr m,d;a j, f.dú ckmo lrd ck;dj

ixl%uKh ùfuka tu m%foaY j, ck ixLHdj jeäùu iy

miqld,Skj ck ixLHdfõ j¾Ok Ys>%;dj by< hdu'

Èjhsfka wfkl=;a m%foaY j, isg niakdysr m<d; lrd ck;dj

ixl%uKh ùfuka tu m<d; YS% ,xldfõ ckdlS¾K m%foaYhla ùu'

úfYaIfhka u" fld<U iy .ïmy Èia;s%lal j, ck >K;ajh by<

hdu'

.%dóh - kd.ßl ck ixl%uKh ksid k.r lrd wefok ck

ixLHdj jeäùu iy ta wdYs%;j fkdfhl=;a .eg¨ we;sùu'

.%dóh - kd.ßl ck ixl%uKh ksid .%dóh m%foaY j, ck ixLHdj

l%ufhka ySkùu'

ixl%uKh ksid kd.ßl m¾hka; m%foaY ckdls¾K ùu yd

ck>K;ajh by< hdu'

ì%;dkH md,kh ld,fha § YS% ,xldfõ f;a j;=j, fiajh i|yd

bka§h cd;slhka f.k tafuka Èjhsfka uOHu m<df;a ck ixhq;sh

yd jHma;s rgdj fjkia ùu'

uyje,s ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s m%foaYfha ck ixLHdj mÈxÑ lsßu yd

tu m%foaY ckdlS¾K ùu'



isú,a hqoaO ld,fha § W;=re m<df;a ck;dj rfÜ fjk;a m%foaY

j,g ixl%uKh ùu' ^WodyrK jYfhka mq;a;,u Èia;s%lalfha mÈxÑ

ùu&

tfiau fndfyda ixl%uKslhka ú.ukh ùu ksid W;=re m<df;a ck

ixLHdj ySkùu'

^,l=Kq 2 « 3 } 06 hs&

6'(i) YS% ,xldfõ mdßfNda.sl ^subsistence& lDIsl¾udka;fhys lemS fmfkk ,CIK y;rla kï lrkak'

m%Odk jYfhka u ù f.dú;ek u; mokï j we;'

f.dú ìï tall l=vd h'

mßfNdackh i|yd fukau fjf<|du i|yd o ksIamdokh flf¾'

j¾;udkfha § kj ;dCIKsl l%u Ndú;d flf¾'

by<wiajkq ,ndfok îc j¾." lD;s%u fmdfydr yd ridhk øjH

Ndú; flf¾'

úh<s l,dmh ;=< jdß c,ho f;;a l,dmfha jeis c,ho j.djg

Wmfhda.S lr .efka'

ñksia Y%uh wjYH jqjo j¾;udkfha ñksia Y%u ysÕhla mj;S'

kj mrïmrdj mdßfNda.sl lDIsl¾uh fj; fhduq fkdfõ'

i;a;aj Y%uh fukau hka;% iQ;%o ^fld< uäk hka;%& Ndú; flf¾'

fndfyda lDIs bvï fjk;a mßfNda.hka i|yd fhdojñka mj;S'

^,l=Kq 𝟏

𝟐 « 4 } 02 hs&

(ii)

^w& YS% ,xldfõ Ndú; lDIsld¾ñl ;dCIKsl l%ufõo follakï

lrkak'

jdß ;dCIKh

yß; úma,jh yd iïnkaO ;dCIKh

cdk ;dCIK ^ffcj ;dCIKh&

fMkaøSh f.dú;ek

úfYaIs; hka;% iQ;% Ndú;h ^w& ,l=Kq 1 « 2 } 02 hs&



^wd& by; îi& ^w& ys kï l<tla;dCIK l%ufõohla f;dardf.k th YS%

,xldfõ lDIsl¾udka;fha ixj¾Okhg odhl ù we;s wdldrh

ksoiqka folla weiqfrka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

jdß ;dCIKh

- jeõ yd jdß ud¾. c,fhka o Wiaidk jdß l%u yd fjk;a

c, iïmdok l%u Ndú;h

yß; úma,jh yd iïnkaO ;dCIKh

kj îc j¾." lD;s%u fmdfydr" ridhksl øjH" lDñ kdYl"

c, l<ukdlrKh

- H4, 1R 36,BG11, LD 356 jeks îc j¾. yÿkajd §u

- N+ñh ieliSu" îc j.dj" wiajkq fk,Su i|yd kj hka;%

iQ;% Ndú;h'

- c, md,kh yd c, l<ukdlrKh

- ishü ixrpl tla ;dCIKsl lÜg,hla ^package& f,i

Ndú;d lsÍu'

cdk ;dCIK ^ffcj ;dCIKh&

- me,eá j, cdkuh fjkia lï we;s lrñka kj me,eá ìys

lsÍu'

- DNA;dCIKh Ndú; lrñka jvd M,odhS ^wiajekak jeä&"

fmdaIHodhS" fm%daàka mod¾: j,ska fmdfydi;a" frda. j,g

Tfrd;a;= fok fmdfydr wvqfjka wjYH jk wdldrhg

me,eá j, cdkuh fjkia lï isÿ lsÍu'

- ksIamdokfha mßudj jeäùu

fj<o fmd< mq¿,a ùu

fï ksid úúO mdßißl yd mdxY= l,dm j,g iqÿiq jk mßÈ

jv jvd fyd¢ka wkqj¾;kh jk me,eá j¾. bÈßm;a lsÍug

yelsùu'

^wd&,l=Kq 2 « 2 } 04 hs



(iii) Y%S ,xldfõ lDIsld¾ñl wf,úlrKfha .;s ,CIK ;=klafláfhka

úia;r lrkak'

lDIs ksIamdokfha wf,úlrKfha § rdcH yd fm!oa.,sl wxY ueÈy;a fõ'

fuu wxY f;d. yd is,a,r jYfhka isÿ fõ'

rdcH wxYh hgf;a (

- YS% ,xldj mqrdu jdf.a iuQmldr ix.ï yd tajdfha fjf<| ie,a

jHdma;j ;sfí' iuyr m%foaY j, fuu iñ;s iud.ï yd

fj<|du b;d ld¾hCIu wkaoñka isÿjk w;r ;j;a iuyr

m%foaYj, tys ÿ¾j,;djka olakg we;'

- zif;diZ jeks fj<| wdh;k

- úfYaIs; wd¾Ól uOHia:dk

mqoa.,sl wxYh (

- is,a,r fj<| ie,a

- iqmsß fj<| ie,a

- i;s fmd,

- cx.u fj<÷ka

- mÈl fjf<kaoka

- iud.ï

úfYaIs; wd¾Ól uOHia:dk (

kj fj<|fmd< ls%hdldrlula jk úfYaIs; wd¾Ól uOHia:dk

úfYaI fyda t,j¿ yd m,;=re wf,úlrKfha § úfYaI ld¾h

Ndrhka bgq lrhs' fndfyda j.dlrejkaf.a t,j¿ yd m,;=re

ksIamdok fuu wd¾Ól uOHia:dk j,g tl;= fldg m%Odk

k.rj, ;sfnk fj<| ie,a ^f;d. yd is,a,r& i|yd fnodydÍ'

fuu uOHia:dk u.ska (

- f.dúkaf.a ksIamdok i|yd idOdrK ñ,la ,nd foa'

- w;r ueÈ .idlkakkaf.ka f.dùka wdrCId lrhs'

- wvq ñ,lg NdKav ñ,§ .ekSfï myiqj'

- oUq,a," óf.dv" lemafmáfmd," fõhkaf.dv" weô,smssáh"

je,sir" ;Uq;af;a.u" kdrdfykamsg iy r;au,dk hk

ia:dkj, fuu uOHia:dk msysgd we;'



.=Kd;aul ksIamdok i|yd wjOdkh fhduqùu (

j¾;udkfha fndfyda mdßfNda.slhka ;uka ñ,È .kakd

NdKav j, .=Kd;aul nj fukau ñ, ms<sn|j jeä wjOdkhla

fhduq lrhs'

- ksIamdÈ; Èkh" weiqreï yd l,a bl=;aùfï Èkh'

- .=Kd;aul Ndjh ms<sn| iy;slhka'

- fi!LH iïmkak nj'

- kshñ; nr wdÈh'

- ksIamdÈ; wdh;kfha ku i|yka lsÍu' fumuKla fkdj"

iEu ksIamdolfhl=u fuu kS;s Í;s wksjd¾fhkau Ndú;d

l< hq;=j we;'

flfia jqjo" iuyr ÿr neyer .%dóh m%foaYj, fuu wjYH;d

flfrys wjOdkh fhduq fkdflf¾'

mdßfNda.sl reÑh yd myiqj (

- lDIs ksIamdok iïnkaO mdßfNda.sl reÑh myiqj ms<sn|j

ksIamdolhka ukd ie,ls,a,la olajhs' WodyrKhla jYfhka

je,s .,a rys; iy,a fj<|fmd<g ksl=;a lsÍu" wdl¾IKsh

weiqreï j, m,;=re fj<|fmd<g ksl=;a lsÍu wdÈh'

- mdßfNda.slhkaf.a ñ, § .ekSug iß,k mß§ lDIs NdKav

fj<| fmd,g ksl=;a lsÍu'

Wod ( tlu ksIamdok úúO úYd,;ajfhka hqla; jQ úúO ñ,

.Kka hgf;a wf,ú lsÍu'

- mdßfNda.sl wdl¾IKh Èkd .ekSu msKsi ;rÕldß;ajfhka

hq;a wf,úlrKh'

iqmsß fj<| ie,a (

- 1970 oYlfha w. Nd.fha isg furg y÷kajd ÿka iqmsß fj<|

ie,a ^ngysr rgj,g wkql+,j& j¾;udkh jk úg m%Odk

k.rj,ska neyerj m¾hka; ld,dm j,g jHdma; fjñka mj;S'

- fm!oa.,sl wxYh hgf;a fukau rdcH wxYh hgf;a o fuu

fj<|ie,a msysgqjd we;' (,la if;di keels, Laughs, Cargills

Spar)



- fuu fj<|ie,a ;=< mdßfNda.slhkaf.a wdl¾IKh Èkd .ekSu

msKsi NdKav ixúOdkd;aul f,i wiqrd ;nd we;' ^fndfyda

wxY" NdKav ms<sn| kshñ; f;dr;=re" reÑl;ajh wkqj ´kEu

m%udKhla ñ, § .; yel&

- fiajlhka wdpdr Ys,sùu

- r:.d,a myiqï iemhSu

^,l=Kq 2 « 3 } 06 hs&

(iv) j¾;udkfha § f,dal lDIsl¾udka;h uqyqK fok m%Odk wNsfhda. ;=kla

mÍCId lrkak'

f.da,Sh wNsfhda. (

- ridhksl øjH Ndú;h

- N+ñ ydhkh yd ldka;drlrKh

- f.dú;eka lghq;=j,§ Ndú;d l< iïm%odhsl oekqu yd pdß;%

úê wNdjhg hEu'

- taldêldrh ( nyq cd;sl iud.ï úiska Tjqkaf.a lDIs

taldêldrh mj;ajd .ekSu ksid úúO m%Yak u;= lrhs'

- fi!LH .eg¿

^2 « 3- 06hs&

7'

(i) l¾udka; ia:dk.;ùfï idOl y;rlai|yka lrkak'

wuq øjH" n, Yla;sh" m%d.aOkh" Y%uh" " fj<|fmd<" m%jdykh"

jHjidhl;ajh" rdcH m%;sm;a;" ;dCIKh"

^,l=Kq 02 hs&

(ii) by; î& ys Tn i|yka l<tla idOlhla f;dardf.k th l¾udka;

ia:dk.;ùu flfrys n,md we;s wdldrh ksoiqka ;=kla weiqßka úia;r

lrkak'

wuq øjH (

- ishü l¾udka; iïnkaO ia:dk.; ùfï idOlhls'

- wuq øjHh j¾. folls'

1& lDIsld¾ñl îSks ksIamdokh i|yd Wla j.dj&

2& Lksc ^hlv yd jdfka ksIamdokh i|yd hmia&



- ld¾ñl úma,jh wdrïNl wjêfha § fndfyda hlv yd jdfka

ksIamdok l¾udka; msysgd ;snqfka hmia yd .,a wÕ=re f;;a

wdYS%;jh' ^Wod ( tlai;a rdcOdksfha fõ,aifha yd ñâ,kaâia"

c¾uksfha rE¾" bxÈhdfõ ofudod¾" we't'c' fha mxp uyd ú,a

wjg&

- fuu Lksc iïm;a úYd, f,i ksIal¾IKh lsÍu ksid ÈhqKq

rgj,g j¾;udkfha wdkhk u; mokï ùu g isÿj we;'

- cmdkfha hlv yd jdfka l¾udka; iïmQ¾Kfhka u wdkhk

u; mokïj ;sîu' fï ksid trg tjeks l¾udka; fgdalsfhda"

kf.dahd" fldfí jeks jrdh wdYS%;j msysgd ;sîu'

- m%jdyKfha yd ;dCIKfha ÈhqKqj ksid wuq øjH u.ska ia:dk.;

ùfï idOlhlaa jYfhka l< n,mEï ÿ¾j, fjñka mj;S'

n, Yla;sh (

- iEu l¾udka;hlu n,Yla;sh uQ,sl wjia;djls'

- n,Yla;s Ndú;fha úúO wjëka olakg we;' ñksia Y%ufhka

wdrïN ù miqj±j" .,d nisk c,h" c, jdIam" .,a wÕ=re"

fmfg%d,shï" úÿ,s n,h" iq<x" iQ¾h úlSrK" mrudkq n, Yla;sh'

- ld¾ñl úma,j wjêfha § fndfyda l¾udka; ia:dk.; jQfha .,a

wÕ=re fl;a wdYs%;jh' t ( rdcOdksfha ,sj¾mQ,a" we't'ckmofha

msÜian¾.a .,a wÕ=re fl;a'

- .,a wÕ=re fl;a wjika ùu;a iuÕ fmfg%d,shï" úÿ,s iq<x" iQ¾h

úlsrK yd mrudKq n,Yla;sh jeks fjk;a uOHhka flfrys

fhduq ùu'

- wdrïNl ld, mßÉfþofha § fuka fkdj miqj kj n,Yla;s

Ndú;fha kuH;djh yd m%jdyk myiqj fya;+fldgf.k jeä

n,mEula t,a, lsÍug iu;a fkdùu'

- j¾;udkfha mßir ¥IKh flfrys jeä wjOdkhla fhduqùu

ksid iq<x" iQ¾húlsrK" id.r ;rx. jeks mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s

uQ,dY%hla flfrys jeä wjOdkhla fhduqfjñka mj;S' tlai;a

rdcOdksfha iq<x yd id.r ;rx. Ndú;h'

- bxÈhdfõ .=crdgfha yd Ökfha fndfyda ia:dkj, iQ¾h n, Yla;sh W;amdokh

- ixj¾ê; rgj, mrudKq n, Yla;s nyq,j Ndú;d lrhs'



m%d.a Okh (

- hï fhojqula fj<|fmd, fj; ksñ NdKavhla njg m;a lsÍfï

ksIamdok ls%hdj,sfha § m%d.aOkh w;HjYH lreKls'

- m%d.aOk j¾. folls'

1& fN!;sl m%d.aOkh ûQ,H iïm;a" hka;% iQ;%" f.dvke.s,s

wd§h&

2& udkj m%d.aOkh ^ld¾hCIu;dj" ;dCIKsl kj fidhd.ekSï"

Y%u mqyqKqj wd§h&

- mqoa.,hka" mqoa., lKavdhï" nyq cd;sl iud.ï iy rdcHhka

idudkHfhka ksIamdok l¾udka; i|yd wdfhdack lrhs' tneúka

Tjqkaf.a /lshd" wdl,am" f;dard.ekSï l¾udka; ia:dk.;ùï

;SrKh lrhs'

- ixj¾ê; rgj, ld¾ñl ixj¾Okh i|yd nyq cd;sl iud.ï yd

mqoa.,sl wxY mq¿,a wdfhdack isÿl< úg ixj¾Okh fjñka

mj;sk rgj, rdcH wxY wdfhdackfha § jeä odhl;ajhla

,ndfohs' kuq;a újD; wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;s y÷kajd§u iuÕ fuu

;;a;ajhka fjkia fjñka mj;S'

- f,dalfha fndfyda m%d.aOkh nyq cd;sl iud.ï yd Okj;a

mqoa.,hka w;r talrdYS ù ;sîu l¾udka; ia:dk.; ùu ;SrKh

lrkq ,nk n,j;a idOlhla njg m;aj ;sfí' j¾;udkfha §

fuu talrdYs jQ m%d.aOkh wdishdkq meismsla l,dmh" ol=Kq

wdishdj yd ,;sx weußldkq rgj,a foig .,dhEu fya;+fjka tu

m%foaYj, mq¿,a ld¾ñl ixj¾Okhla ysñlrf.k we;'

Y%uh (

- l¾udka; ia:dk.;ùfï § Y%ufha n,mEu fohdldr fõ' tkï

mqyqKq Y%uh iy kqmqyqKq Y%uh ^;jo fï fol w;r w¾O mqyqKq

Y%uh hkqfjka o " kï lrhs&

- frÈ ms<s" wÕ¿ï jeks l¾udka; i|yd w¾O - mqyqKq fyda kqmqyqKq

Y%uh wjYH jk neúka tu l¾udka; tjeks Y%uh myiqfjka

,nd.; yels ia:dkj, l¾udka; ia:dk.;ùu m%hka; orhs'

fndfyda weÕ¿ï l¾udka; ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgj,

ia:dk.;j we;af;a ,dN ldka;d Y%uh ,nd.; yels ùfuks'



- Wiia ;dCIKsl mqyqKq Y%uh ,nd.; yelafla ixj¾ê; rgj,ks'

tneúka .=jka hdkd" fudag¾ r:" keõ ;ekSu" hqO wdïmkak jeks

by< ;dCIKsl l¾udka; tu rgj, ixflakaø.;j we;' Wod (

we't'c" tlai;a rdcOdksh" c¾uksh" m%xYh" reishdj'

- wdishdkq meismsla m%foaYfha b;d ,dnodhsl ld;a;d Y%uh ,nd.;

yelsùu ksid bf,lafgd%ksl NdKav ksIamdok l¾udka; nyq,j

ia:dk.; ù we;' miqj fuh bkaÈhdfõ isÿfjñka mj;S'

- Wiia ;dCIKsl l¾udka; i|yd úoHd{hska" l<ukdlrK iy

jD;Sh mqyqKq Y%ñl uQ,dY% wjYHh' tneúka tjeks l¾udka;

tjeks uQ,dY%j,ska fyì f,dalfha m%isoaO ld¾ñl fõÈld

Îndustrial corridor& ;=< msysgd ;sfí'

Wod ( ,xvkfhaM4yd M11 ;Srej" Blue Banana, Golden

Banana in Europe, cmdkfha fgdalsfhda - ídld ;Srej'

^2 « 3- 06hs&

(iii) l¾udka; ia:dk.;ùfï idOlj, uE;ld,Sk m%jK;d ;=klafláfhka

úia;r lrkak'

f,dalfha l¾udka; ia:dk.; ùfï kj m%jK;djka (

j¾;udkfha ;ks mqoa.,hka fjkqjg úYd, jHdmdr yd nyq cd;sl

idud.ï jHjidhl;ajh njg m;aj we;'

f,dalfha by, uÜgfï ms<s.;a úYaj úoHd, yd m¾fhaIK

uOHia:dk flakaøfldg f.k Wiia ;dCIKsl l¾udka;

ia:dk.;ùfï m%jk;dj'

mdßißl újdohka fya;=fldgf.k kj l¾udka; mdßißl ys;jdÈ

l¾udka; njg m;aùu'

iïm%odhsl l¾udka; ia:dk.;ùfï idOlj,g jvd f;dr;=re yd

ixkaksfõok ;dCIKsl idOl jeo.;a wkaoñka n,mEu

fldgia tl,ia lsrsfï l¾udka;

ia:dk.;ùfï idOlj, n,mEï f.da,ShlrKh úiska

iïmQ¾Kfhka u mßj¾;khg ,la lrñka isá' fï fya;+j ksid

foot - loosel¾udka; m%j¾Okh lrhs'



ld¾ñl WoHdkh$úfYaIs; ld¾ñl l,dm msysgqùu

uE; ld,Sk l¾udka; ia:dk.;ùfï § nyq cd;sl iud.ï j,

;SrK yd n,mEï jvd jeo.;a fõ'

fjr<dikak m%foaYj, l¾udka; msysgqùu

foaYSh wuqøjH fjkqjg wdkhkh l, wuq øjH Ndú;h

^,l=Kq 06 hs&

(iv) we.¨ï l¾udka;h YS% ,xldfõ wd¾Ól ixj¾Okhg odhl ù we;s wdldrh

WodyrK ;=klaweiqßka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

weÕ¿ï l¾udka;h YS% ,xld wd¾Ólhg n,mdk wkaou

fuh ks¾hd; u; mokï jQ l¾udka;hls'

YS% ,xldfõ m%uqL l¾udka;hls' ;rÕldß ñ, hgf;ka we't'c' g

yd hqfrdamhg weÕ¿ï ks¾hd; lrhs'

1974 j¾Ifha § fuu l¾udka;h 19'7] j¾Okhla fmkaùh'

fuu l¾udka;h rg wNHka;r m%foaYj,g jHdma;j ;sîu m%dfoaYsh

ixj¾Okhg fya;+ idOl ù we;'

YS% ,xldfõ úfoaYSh j;alï bmhSfï § jeo.;a iylrefjla

jYfhka ls%hd lrhs' 2014 j¾Ifha § weÕ¿ï ks¾hdk u.ska 10'5]

j¾Okhka fmkajhs'

furg /lshd ldka;d Y%ñlhkag /lshd wjia:d W;amdokh lrhs'

tu.ska furg mdßfNda.slhkaf.a úhoï lsÍuo Woa§mkh lr we;'

ksoyia fj<| l,dm" l¾udka; WoHdk" l¾udka; l,dm u.ska tu

ia:dkhka ys weÕ¿ï l¾udka; ia:dk.;ùï m%j¾Okh lsÍu

fya;+fldg f.k kj /lshd wjia:djka W;amdokh yd há;,

myiqlï ÈhqKq lsÍu ksid m%dfoaYSh ixj¾Okhg o WmldÍ fõ'

jl% wdodhï bmhSfï wjia:d Wodùu

^,l=Kq 06 hs&



8'

(i) f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dCIKh hkqfjka woyia lrkafka l=ula o@

f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dCIKh jYfhka y÷kajkafka úoHq;a

ikaksfõokh u.ska f;dr;=re ,nd.ekSug m%fõY myiqlï we;s lrk

;dCIKsl l%ufõohka h' fuh f;dr;=re ;dCIKhg iudk jqjo

wjOdrKh flfrkafka ikaksfõok ;dCIKsl l%ufõohka h'

wka;¾cd,h" /yeka rys; cd," cx.u ÿrl:k jeks WmlrK óg wh;a

fõ'

^,l=Kq 02 hs&

(ii) f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dCIKh f.da,ShlrKhg odhl ù we;af;a

flfiaoehs ksoiqka ;=kla weiqßka fláfhka úia;r lrkak'

f.da,ShlrKfha iudc yd ixialD;sl" mdßißl iy wd¾Ól wxYj,g

f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dCIKh úúOdldrfhka odhl ù ;sfí'

f;dr;=re ikaksfõok ;dCIKh ksid f,dal wd¾Ólh tlsfklg

iïnkaO ù we;'

fï ksid f.da,Sh wd¾Ólhla - tlsfkld u; /f|k - ìys ù ;sfí'

fjf<|fmd, ms<sn|j f;dr;=re ,ndfoa' tu.ska úúO rgj, kj

fjf<|fmd,j,g m%fõY úh yels h'

úúO iïm;a yd tajdfha ia:dk.; ùï ms<sn|j f;dr;=re wkdjrKh

fõ'

lDIsl¾uh" l¾udka;h" ëjr l¾udka;h i|yd kj ;dCIKsl

l%ufõo m%p,s; flf¾'

ixialD;sl f.da,ShlrKh : f,dalfha úúO ixialD;Ska ms<sn|j

f;dr;=re wkdjrKh fõ' fï ksid ixialD;sl fjkia ùï yd

yqjudre ùï isÿfõ'

mdßißl : mßirh yd iïnkaO úúO újdÈ; ms<sn|j f;dr;=re

wkdjrKh fõ' mdßißl ydks" ysu Èhùï f.da,Sh WIaK;ajh jeä

ùu wdÈh ms<sn|jf,dalhd oekqj;a flf¾'

oekqu : oekqu yd wOHdmkh jHdma; flf¾'

^,l=Kq 2 « 3 } 06 hs&



(iii) f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dCIKh rgl ixj¾Okhg iydh úh yels

wdldrh ksoiqka ;=kla weiqßka mÍCId lrkak'

kj ;dCIKsl l%ufõo ms<sn|j f;dr;=re ,nd§fuka

úfoaYj, mj;akd fiajd kshqla;s wjia:d ms<sn| ck;dj oekqj;a

lsÍfuka

wd¾Ól wjmd; yd iajNdúl wdmod ms<sn|j oekqj;a ùfuka tajdg

iQodkï ùug wjia:dj i,id §fuka

rfÜ foaYSh ksIamdok fNda. jHdma; lsrSfuka

wOHdmksl myiqlï" wjia:d yd kj wOHdmksl l%ufõo ms<sn|

oekqu jHdma; lsÍfuka

úfoaYj, flfrk kj m¾fhaIK ms<sn|j foaYSh úoHd{hka oekqj;a

lsÍfuka o tajdg iyNd.s ùug Tjqkag wjia:d ie,iSfuka

úfoaYSh Ok wdfhdaclhka ms<sn|j f;dr;=re ,nd.ekSfuka

foaYSh ksIamdok yd fiajd m%j¾Okhg fhdod .ekSu

fM;sydisl Wreu" iajNdúl wdl¾IKh m%p,s; lsßu

^,l=Kq 2 « 3 } 06 hs&

(iv) j¾;udkfha f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dCIKh wdYS%; .eg¨ ;=kla

ksoiqka iys;j meyeÈ,s lrkak'

iudÔh .eg¨ : iudch flfrys wys;lr f;dr;=re m%pdrh ùu'

wmrdO$iudc úfrdaë l%Shdj,g fhduq ùu

wd¾Ól : kj ;dCIKsl l%u jHjydrfha § foaYSh

ksIamdolhka wdka;sl ùu'

ixialD;sl : fh!jk ck fldgia YS>%fhka fjkia ùu

we;eï úg rfÜ ixialD;sl yr moaO;s flfrys

wys;lr ùu'



ngysrlrKh : we;eï ;dCIKsl l%ufõo jHdjydr lsÍu

we;eï rgj,g wmyiq ùu" kshu yd iqÿiqlu

l%ufõo f;dard.ekSfï wmyiqj'

ixj¾Okh jk rgj, ( fï i|yd wjYH ñksia

iïm;a ysÕ ùu'

f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok j, jHdma;sh wiudk

ùu ^rgj,a w;r yd rgj,a ;=,&

^,l=Kq 2 « 3 } 06 hs&

.eg¨j 1

úia;rh 𝟏

𝟐 × = 𝟎𝟔

******

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II fldgi = 40...2 wjidk ,l=Kq = 100 ශ ර ල ක ව භ ග ද ප ර තද න ත ව රහස ය ද ඛනයක . 22 - N+f.da, úoHdj ^,l=Kq fï mámdáh& merKs| w'fmd'i