IFP Issue 39

An MDM PUBLICATIONIssue 39 – August 2009

www.mdmpublishing.com

THE GLOBAL VOICE FOR PASSIVE & ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION




INTERNATIONAL FIRE PROTECTIONINTERNATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION

IFP39 OFC 19/8/09 1:20 pm Page ofc1

AS FIRETUFAS THEY COME

Firetuf® from Draka is the ultimate circuit integrity cable. Manufactured and approved to the highest

standards, Firetuf delivers unbeatable benefits to specifiers and installers of fire engineering systems.

And with our brand new Firetuf Powerplus range of power cables, delivering enhanced performance

to meet BS 7346-6 and BS 7846, you can trust Draka to provide the complete solution to all your

specialist cable needs. To find out more call 01332 345431 or visit our website www.drakauk.com

The world’s most trusted cable brand

Draka UK Limited, P.O. Box 6500, Alfreton Road, Derby, DE21 4ZH, UKTel: +44 (0)1332 345431 Fax: +44 (0)1332 331237 email: [email protected] www.drakauk.com

NEW - FIRETUF POWERPLUS

Enhanced power cable performance to meet BS 7346-6 and BS 7846.

BS 5839-1: 2002

Firetuf is approved to the highest standards, providing superior flame retardance and circuit integrity.

NON MELT AND DRIP

Firetuf products will not propagate and cause secondary fires.

EASY STRIP

Firetuf provides the fastest ever sheath removal, allowing reduced termination times.

ZERO HALOGEN LOW SMOKE

Our OHLS cables are manufactured to deliver optimum performance across a range of applications.

FUTURE PROOF

Concerned about new fire safety legislation? Relax, the Firetuf range is the highest standard cable available today.

IFP/Firetuf/0809

IFP Firetuf 0809:IFP/Firetuf/0809 5/6/09 12:54 Page 1

INTERNATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION 1

Front cover picture courtesy ofFiretrace International

PublishersMark Seton & David Staddon

Editorial ContributorsGraham Lowe, Mark Froggatt, Mike Wood, Tom Cortina, DavidOwen, Nick Grant, Alan Brinson,John Allen, Stuart Ball, Wilf Butcher, Rob Harris, Matthias Ecke,Rowland Davies

IFP is published quarterly by:MDM Publishing Ltd The Abbey Manor Business Centre,The Abbey, Preston Road, Yeovil, Somerset BA20 2ENTel: +44 (0) 1935 426 428Fax: +44 (0) 1935 426 926 Email: [email protected]: www.ifpmag.com©All rights reserved

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The views and opinions expressed inINTERNATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION are notnecessarily those of MDM Publishing Ltd.The magazine and publishers are in noway responsible or legally liable for anyerrors or anomalies made within theeditorial by our authors. All articles are protected by copyright and writtenpermission must be sought from thepublishers for reprinting or any form ofduplication of any of the magazinescontent. Any queries should be addressedin writing to the publishers.

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Page design by DorchesterTypesetting Group Ltd

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August 2009 Issue 39

77-79

53-55

48-50

43-44

33-34

23-26

65-67

61-62

Contents5-20 News &Product Profiles

23-26 Fire Pumps &Controllers Round Up

29-30 Combinesflexibility, reliabilityand ease-of-use

33-34 Foams forFixed Systems:Fluorosurfactants addeffectiveness

37-40 Progresswith fire-resistant glass

41 ‘Shine and sign’ –Jargon with possibledeadly consequences!!

43-44 Need for fullscale fire testing

46-47 All you needto know about BASEC

48-50 Watermisthelps resolveresidential firechallenges

53-55 Working inconcert to deliver fireprotection to the RoyalAlbert Hall

57-59 Sprinklers asa Core Fire SafetyMeasure

61-62 Technologybased Fire PumpControllers – ARE YOUREADY?

65-67 Key assetprotection – seeing thebigger picture

69-71 Recognisingill advised applicationguidance forintumescent coatings

73-75 Alarmingsense

77-79 Engineeredsolutions demand morefrom cablemanufacturers

80 Advertisers’ Index

P. 01 Contents 19/8/09 1:22 pm Page 1

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Halon Banking IFP38 22/4/09 4:35 pm Page 1

FIRETRACE INTERNATIONAL will be showing itsFIRETRACE® automatic fire detection andsuppression system at Fire India in Mumbai, theonly tube-operated system in the world testedas an automatic fire detection and suppressionsystem. The ISO 9001-certified company willalso be showcasing a selection of the 150,000successful FIRETRACE installations completedaround the world, including the Delhi Metro andthe new third terminal at Delhi’s Indira GandhiInternational Airport.

The tried-and-tested system is unique amongtube-operated systems to have approval andaccreditation from such world renownedorganisations as UL [Underwriters Laboratories],FM [Factory Mutual], and more than 25 otherindependent accreditation and approvalsagencies. FIRETRACE is also CE [ConformitéEuropéene or European Conformity] marked,which confirms that it complies with theessential requirements of the relevant Europeanhealth, safety and environmental protectionlegislation. It also stands apart from itscompetitors by being able to be supplied with avariety of suppression agents, the choice ofwhich is tailored to the precise fire risk.

Currently, the FIRETRACE suppression optionsinclude the latest environmentally-acceptableclean agents such as 3M™ Novec™ 1230 FireSuppression Fluid and DuPont™ FM-200®,

together with ABC dry chemical agents and AFFFfoam. CO2 [carbon dioxide] is another FIRETRACEextinguishant, although the company points outthat extreme care has to be taken to ensure that itis not used in any applications where there is a riskof thermal shock to delicate electrical equipment.

While electrical control cabinets featureprominently in the list of FIRETRACE applications,today systems are also to be found protectingbusiness-critical “micro-environments” in a widespectrum of industries. These include: IT serversand telecommunications facilities; ventilationand air conditioning plant and petrochemicalcontrol rooms; pharmaceutical laboratory fumehoods and dust extraction equipment; windturbines and engine test cells; bus and coachengine compartments and throughout the masstransit sector.

Genuine FIRETRACE is available only viaFiretrace International’s global network ofauthorised distributors. These trading partnersare skilled in hazard analysis, agent and systemselection, installation, commissioning andsupport, and use only genuine FIRETRACEcomponents. Details of these authoriseddistributors are available by contacting FiretraceInternational at [email protected].

The FIRETRACE EMEA head office is in theUK and can be contacted on +44 (0) 1293780390, while the company’s website is atwww.firetrace.com


NEWS

C-TEC’s latest addition to itspopular SigTEL disabled refugerange is a stylish state-of-the-art stainless steel anti-tamperenclosure.

Elegantly designed to add atouch of glamour to theinterior of any building, theBF359/3 brushed stainless steelenclosure has been specificallymanufactured to enhance theappearance and safeguardECU-8 disabled refugecontrollers to ensure that theyremain fully operational at alltimes.

The enclosure requires oneof two lock kits – theBF359/3CL cam lock kit or the BF359/3SLelectromagnetic solenoid kit, the latter ofwhich can be configured using third-partyequipment to unlock the enclosure doorwhen the system is active.

Says Charlotte Manley, C-TEC’s SalesDirector: “Customer demand for thisproduct is such that we have alreadyreceived a huge amount of advance

orders. The enclosure is ideal forprestigious buildings and on sites wherevandalism has been reported.”

Enclosures are also available for C-TEC’sXFP fire alarm control panel and Quantecaddressable call controller.

For more information, please contact thecompany’s sales desk on 01942 322744

C-TEC’s new stainless steelenclosure now available

Firetrace® to show UL & FMapproved protection

UL and FM-approved FIRETRACE waschosen for the Delhi Metro and DelhiAirport’s new Terminal 3

News P. 5, 10, 14 19/8/09 1:21 pm Page 5

6 INTERNATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION

PROFILE

FM200

Janus Fire Systems manufactures FM-200® cleanagent extinguishing systems which protect criticalinstallations such as computer rooms, server

farms, switch gear rooms, high risk productionlines, telecommunications centers, archival storagefacilities and other high value assets.

Janus Fire Systems equipment is rigorouslytested by internationally recognized laboratories as well as meeting EN 12094 Fixed FirefightingSystems requirements, FM-200® is safe forhumans, deploys and extinguishes fire quickly andcleanly, minimizing collateral damage.

The seasoned Janus Fire Systems team is know-ledgeable and ready to provide equipment andsolutions for the complexities of fire protectionassociated with commercial and industrial risks.

CO2Low and High Pressure Carbon dioxide systemshave been primarily employed in industrial settingswhere a three dimensional non-damaging extin-guishing agent was required. Carbon dioxide is theonly clean extinguishant capable of being used forLocal Application hazards.

Carbon dioxide is an effective extinguishingagent but must be used judiciously with the latestcontrols to reduce personnel hazards.Assessmentof each environment to be protected is thenumber one priority.

Power Generation Our Power Generation Industry experience issecond to none, Janus Fire Systems designs andintegrates special hazard systems using a variety ofproducts. Carbon Dioxide Fire Protection Systemshave been effectively used to protect Base LoadFossil and Nuclear Plants, as well as, CombustionGas Turbines for years.

In an unprecedented move, the U.S. NFPA 12committee mandated safety upgrades for new andexisting Carbon Dioxide Systems to be completedby December 31, 2008. The National Fire Protec-tion Association’s (NFPA) Standard 12 has been thedefinitive guide for design, installation and main-tenance of U.S. designed Carbon Dioxide Systemssince its adoption in 1929.

Required system modifications include upgradedsignage, lock-out valves, odorizers, and pneumaticdischarge delay timers; all to reduce the chance ofa carbon dioxide discharge in an occupied space.

IngenuityThe Janus Fire Systems engineering team reviewedexisting low pressure Carbon Dioxide systems withthe focus of becoming compliant with the newstandard. In the process, they designed a pro-prietary Universal Pneumatic Time Delay Systemthat meets the requirements of NFPA 12, section4.5.6.1. This preassembled unit can retrofit allbrands of Low Pressure Carbon Dioxide Systems.

Your gateway to a new kind of service.www.janusfiresystems.com IFP

Janus Fire SystemsFire suppressionIn determining the type of fixed fire extinguishing system for new installations or when upgrading an existing system there are many options to consider.Historically, Halon 1301 was used in total flooding of occupied high valuecommercial facilities.

For further informationplease contact: Fred Hildebrandt Janus Fire Systems 1102 Rupcich Drive Crown Point, IN 46307 USA 1-219-663-1600www.janusfiresystems.com

P. 06 Janus Profile 19/8/09 1:55 pm Page 6

Lambda Limbo

Insu la t ion

Further information on theKingspan range is available on:

Tel: 0870 733 8333 (UK)Email: [email protected]

www.insulation.kingspan.comPembridge, Leominster, Herefordshire HR6 9LA, UK

The Kingspan Kooltherm K-range won't let you fall flat when itcomes to achieving the lowest U-values.

� Lambda value as low as 0.020 W/m·K� Solutions for new build and refurbishment now and in

the future� Will not sag or slump� Resistant to the passage of water vapour and air infiltration� Flood resilient� Class O / Low Risk fire rating

Kingspan Kooltherm is thinnest commonly used insulationfor any required U-value...ensuring you're never left in limbo.

Visit our website for more details or contact us foryour free product selector.

® Kingspan, Kooltherm and the Lion Device are Registered Trademarks of the Kingspan Group plc.

Kingspan K-range Insulation

Low Energy -Low Carbon Buildings

CI/Sfb

First IssueJanuary 2009

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INSULATION FOR ROOFS, WALLS & FLOORS

Product Selector

28/2885 Limbo Ad SustainMag:KI Adverts_v8 7/7/09 10:20 Page 1

Testing with smokesabre™ aids compliance withcodes and standards globally.

“Point smoke detectors should be functionallytested by a method that confirms that smoke canenter the detector chamber and produce a firealarm signal (e.g.: by use of apparatus that gener-ates simulated smoke or suitable aerosols aroundthe detector). It should be ensured that the mater-ial used does not cause damage to, or affect thesubsequent performance of, the detector...”

BS5839 1: 2002; 45.4 (D)

“...the detectors shall be testedin place to ensure smoke entry into thesensing chamber and an alarmresponse.”

NFPA 72 Chapter 10(10.4.2.2 3g)


PROFILE

Introducing a tota lin smoke detector tsmokesabre™ is the solution to

problems previously associated with

aerosol smoke detector testers

smokesabre™ delivers...● More tests per can

● Faster detector activation andclearing

● Lowest cost per test

● The end of harmful residue –risk is designed out with thesabre

● Silicon free testing

● Eco-responsibility – 100% bio-degradable sabre, ozonefriendly, no CFCs and GWPfree propellant*

● Detector manufacturerendorsement and UL Listing

● 150ml can

P. 08-09 Detec. Testers Profile 19/8/09 1:55 pm Page 8

smokesabre™ is a major step forward in thedesign of aerosol smoke detector testers. All otherpressurised aerosol smoke alarm testers have theinherent drawback that, if misused, they leaveharmful residue on the casing and/or inside thechamber of the detector. This residue can dis-colour the detector plastic, can attract dust, affectsensitivity and, in some cases, lead to corrosion,cracking or even complete failure of the detector.Residue occurs when testing aerosols are used tooclose to the detector, or smoke alarm, despiteinstructions not to do so.

smokesabre™ inhibits use too close to the detec-tor and eliminates harmful residue while focussingand targeting the canned smoke test gas.

When smokesabre™ is in the closed position thesabre prevents access to the spray button. Theaerosol can only be activated when the sabre isfully extended. In use, air is drawn through theholes in the sabre and this, coupled with theventuri effect involved, assists the velocity andvaporisation process of the airborne ‘smoke’

particles. The result is a more effective test,delivering better detector activation, using less gasper test, and reducing costs while eliminatingharmful residue.

Other products may be recommended as bestused with accessory devices to preventsmokesabre™ too close. With smokesabre™there is no choice. The sabre is part of the productand cannot be used without it!

smokesabre™ is a universal test product coveringthe sensitivity range of all smoke detectors (seeparticle size comparison chart).

The extending sabre is made of 100% bio-degrad-able plastic making smokesabre™ the onlysmoke detector test aerosol to be both recyclableand eco-friendly*.

smokesabre™ is UL listed, meets global testingstandards, and is approved by major smoke detec-tor manufacturers.

*Depending on product variant

IFP


PROFILE

a lly new concept r testing!

How does it work?

For further information visit: www.smokesabre.com

P. 08-09 Detec. Testers Profile 19/8/09 1:55 pm Page 9

EATON’s Cutler-Hammer fire pumpcontrollers are supplied for all types ofindustrial and commercial applicationsaround the world. They can be countedon to start every time, without fail whenthere is a call to start a fire pump in anemergency situation – because life safetydepends on it.

They are designed and manufactured inaccordance with the strictest fireprotection, electrical and insurance codesin the world, thereby ensuring they meetor exceed all required standards.

Fire Pump Controller FamilyDiesel Engine Fire Pump ControllersDiesel PlusElectric Fire Pump ControllersFD30 Across-the LineFD40 Part WindingFD50 Primary ResistorFD60 AutotransformerFD70 Wye Delta (Star-Delta) OpenFD80 Wye Delta (Star-Delta) ClosedFD90 Soft StartFD20 Limited ServiceFT Series Transfer Switch ControllersFDAP-M Remote Alarm PanelsFDJP/JY Jockey Pump ControllersFDR ResidentialFPMP Multi-PackBPC/BPV Booster Pump Controllers

Diesel Plus – Diesel EngineControllersFeaturesDual output12 or 24Vdc outputsDIP Switch SelectableUniversal supply voltageSupply Voltage Range: 90V ac to 240V acReduced sizeW: 19 x D:10.5 x H: 33 inchesFeet: 18 InchesModbus communicationsRTU and ASCII transmission modesUSB portDownload message history, statistics,diagnostics and statusUpload custom messages, firmware updatesMode selectorManual-Off-Auto selector switchFront panel mounted behind a breakableglass coverKeypad/LCD displayFront panel accessibleBacklit, 4x40 character LCDEmbedded web pagesView current status, set points, diagnosticsand historyAccess pages via ethernet

Power I/O BoardProvides power to controller display boardAccepts customer inputsHouses 6 control relaysAccepts optional relay output boardsPortsSerial communication portsMonitor and record key charger data

CANBUS (SAE J1939) engine portCommunicate to engine ECM

Engine BoardIncoming power terminalsConnect 120/220V power wiresLine filterReduces/eliminates incoming voltagetransientsAC power disconnect breakerSwitch AC power on or offIlluminates when energizedCircuit breakersCB1: Battery #1 BreakerCB2: Battery #2 BreakerLED’s illuminate when energizedOutput relaysFuel StopCrank Battery #1Crank Battery #2LED’s indicate coil status30A trace on the circuit board

For more information please contact:Eaton Corporation10725 – 25th Street NE # 124Calgary, AlbertaCanada T3N 0A4Tel: +1-403-717-2000Fax: +1-403-717-0567Email: [email protected]: www.chfire.com


NEWS

Supplying the Global Market

The 60 minute integrity and 30 minuteinsulation (60/30) fire safety glass market isbooming in the Republic of Ireland, according toleading manufacturer CGI INTERNATIONAL.

CGI International’s sales manager, Paul Gee,believes that value for money and a quest forlarger tested sizes are the biggest driving forcesbehind 60/30 demand.

Paul said: “This appetite came from the needfor larger tested sizes to meet the challenges ofmodern building design and architects’ demands.

“The tested size limits of 11mm 60 minuteintegrity fire safety glass have prompted peopleto specify-up, opting for a 15mm product whichwould meet their larger size requirements,afford 60 minute integrity and include 30minute insulation protection too.

“What started off as extra value from the 30minute insulation has actually become a marketrequirement and is now critical for security andpeace of mind.

He concluded: “CGI is the only manufacturerwith certified products and test evidence for60/30 protection to both British and Europeanstandards and this is in real demand in Ireland.”

In single glazed options for timber screens of60 minutes integrity and 30 minutes insulation(60/30), CGI’s Fireswiss Foam has a certifiedmaximum sizes of 1200 (wide) x 2500mm(high)/1500mm (wide) x 2500mm (high) with a

maximum pane area of 3m2 (the aspect ratio ofthe glass may be unlimited within theseaperture dimensions). This covers both internaland external applications in particular and glasssizes in both single-glazed and IGUs (nowpossible in excess of three metres high) makingthe installation of full-height glazed partitionspossible.

The tests were carried out to the Europeanfire resistance test standard EN1364 part1 andhave been verified and incorporated into theWarrington Certification scheme CERTIFIRE inthe certificate CF437.

For more information please contact CGI on01942 710720

CGI in demand as Irish60/30 market booms

News P. 5, 10, 14 19/8/09 1:21 pm Page 10


PROFILE

Established in 1929 and a leading manu-facturer of Hazardous Area products,Clifford & Snell pioneered research

in the area of audible and visual sig-nalling devices and launched the firstelectronic sounder in 1967. Since then,the company’s customers have come toexpect quality products manufacturedto the highest standards. This isachieved through attention to detailthroughout the development process andthe innovative design of its products, whichare unique to Clifford & Snell. Compliance to BSEN ISO 9001:2008 Quality Management Systemensures a consistent and reliable product, whichare in many cases used in life safety applications.

Having set up new offices in Houston last yearto service the requirements of both North andSouth America, the company launched its latestproduct additions at the NFPA exhibition inChicago. During the 18 months since the launchof Clifford & Snell’s offices in the USA, PhilHausman – Business Development Manager, hasmade significant progress through exhibiting theproducts and marketing the Clifford & Snell brandacross the United States. This has enabled thecompany to establish new accounts and provide adeserving customer base with a much neededalternative product range for all industry sectors,including Industrial, Oil & Gas/Petrochemical,Building/Construction and General Signalling.

The Yodalex Super Series of highly reliableHazardous Area GRP sounders, strobes and combi-nation units is a significant step forward for thesignalling industry as it incorporates the use ofnew materials technology as well as a considerableimprovement in intrinsic product design. Theomni-directional Sounder and Strobe, togetherwith the combination Sounder/Strobe, now offersthe industry a fully integrated Explosion-proofenclosure with an Ex d housing, incorporatingmachined flame path interfaces throughout theproducts design. This ensures a safe and flexiblesounder designed to meet the stringent demandsof Hazardous Areas applications.

Based on a modular design with a single flame-proof enclosure forming the base of the structure

for the entire series, the light-weight Glass-Rein-forced Polyester (GRP) Series includes the YO9Directional Sounder, the YO6 Super Omni Direc-tional Sounder, the V6 Super Omni DirectionalBeacon and the fully integrated YL6 SuperSounder/Strobe combination unit which offers ahigh output sounder with 115dB @ 1 metre and axenon beacon with up to 20J light output. Theentire range can be flush-mounted, providing theuser with a slim profile beacon, or a ‘U’ bracketcan be fitted to offer additional mounting options.The corrosion-resistant GRP housing has beendesigned specifically to meet the requirements ofpotentially explosives atmospheres with the addedbenefit of being light-weight and incorporatingthe unique design of the Yodalex Series.

Onshore and offshore requirements areaddressed, as the enclosure is finished in high-performance paint which offers good resistance to harsh environmental conditions. Operationaltemperature ranges of –60oC to +60oC are offeredto accommodate the extreme temperature varia-tions found in the soaring temperatures of desertenvironments, covering applications from theMiddle East to the plummeting Arctic conditions in North America and in Northern Russia.Designed to meet ATEX, IECEx, GOST-R & ULListing Approvals, these units also provideexcellent Ingress Protection.

Clifford & Snell’s global distribution networkand its full-colour product catalogue allows for thehighest levels of customer service. IFP

Clifford & Snell The latest technology for audibleand visual signalling products inthe hazardous area marketsIt is clearly evident, with the constant pressure brought about by the ‘CreditCrunch’, that some manufacturers in many different markets are attempting toremain competitive by bringing down costs by lowering the quality of theirproduct or reducing staffing levels which has resulted in long lead times fordelivery to customers. Some industries, however, cannot alter the standards oftheir products and one such market is Hazardous Areas.

For further details, contact:Trevor GageClifford & SnellTom Cribb RoadThamesmeadLondon SE28 0BH Tel: +44 (0) 208 317 1717Fax: +44 (0) 208 317 2400Email:[email protected]:www.cliffordandsnell.com

By Trevor Gage

Director & GeneralManager, Clifford &Snell

Range of latest products at NFPA Chicagofrom London-based Clifford & Snell includinghazardous area devices

P. 11 Clifford & Snell Profile 19/8/09 1:59 pm Page 11

Our flagship addressable detector family, theSeries 200, has proved itself over manyyears to be one of the most effective, stable

and technically advanced families of point firedetectors available. The current generation, theSeries 200 plus, was introduced as an upgradeover seven years ago; with advances in technologyand changes in market demands, the latest evolu-tion of the range has been developed.

The new Series 200 Advanced delivers a com-pletely new mechanical and digital communicationsprotocol platform. The complete range of coredetection devices, an upgraded range of audible-visual warning indicators and upgraded manual callpoints and modules are being launched simultane-ously. All devices are fully approved to the relevantparts of EN54 by independent test houses. Devel-oped as the result of in-depth consultation with ourfire system integration partners, Series 200Advanced moves the science of fire detection, andthe functionality of an addressable fire system, to acompletely new level. Series 200 Advanced deliversdemonstrable, repeatable improvements in earlyfire detection performance combined with signifi-cantly increased false alarm immunity.

The Series 200 Advanced features a completelynew mechanical platform and housing that providesmore efficient smoke entry into the chamber andincludes a tri colour LED to provide comprehensivelocal status indication to assist with installation, com-missioning and troubleshooting. The new design ofoptical detection chamber delivers such a dramaticreduction in the frequency of false alarms caused bythe impact of settled dust or insect ingress that these

common triggers can, to all intents and purposes,now be disregarded, giving a considerable impact onoverall system performance. The new Advanced Pro-tocol gives greater control, configurability and devicemanagement whilst enabling the overall system tobe optimised to the location and use of the buildingwith far greater flexibility than ever before. A single,completely new base design caters for both surfacemount and flush loop cabling with installation timekept to a minimum through the provision of as largean aperture as possible. End users will benefit fromimproved protection, greater configurability, less dis-ruption and a reduction in the costs associated withfalse alarms.

Technology leadershipSeries 200 Advanced is the result of the accruedexperience gained from the installed base of manytens of millions devices. The result is a very effi-cient chamber design, proven in extensive labora-tory testing and real world installations to be moreefficient, dust and insect resistant and less suscep-tible to fault in high air velocities or back pressure.Extensive hydrodynamic modelling has confirmedthe greater efficiency of the new chamber andhousing shape combination. Large-scale integra-tion of the all-new electronics, highly automatedsurface mount PCB assembly, constant testingthroughout the manufacturing process and laserboard cutting improves quality and reliability.

The new digital protocol provides more efficientuse of the available power from the panel toincrease the number of devices per loop andprovides greater management and control at the


By Stuart Ball

System Sensor Europe

PROFILE

For more information pleasecontact:Stuart BallSystem Sensor EuropeKAC HouseThornhill RoadNorth Moons MoatRedditch B98 9NDUKTel: + 44 1527 406700Fax: + 44 1527 406699Email:[email protected]:www.systemsensoreurope.com

System Sensor Eu rThe new Series 200 Advanced family moves s

System Sensor is the world’s largest supplier of fire detectors to the commercialmarket, a position maintained through continual investment in research anddevelopment at technology centres strategically located in each of our majormarket areas: North America, Europe and the Far East.

P. 12-13 System Sensor Profile 19/8/09 1:59 pm Page 12

system, loop and device levels. Taken together,these individual advances have produced a clearleader when compared to any other detector avail-able from any manufacturer: the performance ofeach product leads its class.

The Series 200 Advanced hardwareplatformThe family consists of six new detection devices:PTIR and Photo-Thermal multi-sensor devices, opti-cal smoke detector, 58° and 78° fixed temperatureand rate of rise thermal detectors. Next generationcontrol modules, addressable call points and AVproducts are also introduced. All new generationdevices operate under the Advanced Protocol,enabling greater control and management and areavailable with or without embedded configurableisolation.

Overall benefitsReduced lifetime cost of ownershipThe Advanced Protocol allows maintenance inter-vals to be optimised reducing disruption to thesystem and costs; it also enables much moreinformation about the status each device to be col-lected from the panel, optimising maintenancescheduling and limiting in situ device failures.

Naturally, we have an obligation to minimise ourenvironmental impact, and even though the RoHSand WEEE directives are currently not applicable tofixed installation fire systems, the new devices fullyconform, reducing their environmental impact andsimplifying end of life disposal.

Enhanced system configuration andcontrolThe device level monitoring and control providedby the Advanced Protocol enable system-wide, firezone specific and individual detectors to be config-ured to match the location, the occupation levelsand the time of day. Such fine-tuning will ensurepeak performance in the detection of an actual fireand a high threshold to common causes of nui-sance and false alarms. Maintenance intervals areoptimised and early warnings of incipient faultsenable the cause to be rectified before an actualfault is signalled to the panel.

Hardware benefits

Integral isolationInstallation costs are typically 40% of an installa-tion. These are reduced, and future loop reconfigu-rations made easier, by introducing devices within-built isolation, doing away with the need forseparate isolator modules or for devices to beinstalled in dedicated isolator bases.

New optical chamber designExtensive fundamental research has been under-taken into the design of the new optical chamber.The detection technology remains as a single emit-ter/receiver configuration; our research shows thatusing dual angle or dual wavelength detectiondoes not improve performance.

Lower quiescent current drawThe average quiescent current consumption perdetector is reduced by approximately 50%, increas-ing the number of devices on the loop and enablingsmaller battery backup capacity to be fitted withoutreducing hold-up time. The reduced current drawenables the number of sounders on the loop to bedoubled, making the system more effective.

Software advantagesThe new digital communications protocol isextremely robust and gives the fire system’s design-er and integrator far more control over the opera-tion of the system. It is fully backwards compatiblewith existing systems, but each loop now has thecapability of a potential 159 addresses in both thedetector and module space. A new feature, grouppolling, improves system performance consider-ably. By implementing group polling, the responsetime for an alarm to be detected is reduced to lessthan 2.5 seconds, and, even with complex causeand effect programming in place, the time forinitiation of all output devices will be less than 10seconds. Warning devices physically adjacent tothe detector in alarm will operate within the UKrequired maximum of 3 seconds.

Output devices such as sounders and strobesare fully controllable from the panel, enabling toneselection and output levels to be set according tothe alarm status; all sounders on a loop areautomatically synchronised.

The panel has access to both raw and processedsensing element data, enabling interrogation ofthe absolute values of parameters such as driftstatus, drift fault and chamber fault. By usingregular device polling, pre-emptive maintenancecan be undertaken, minimising fault warnings.

Thinking about the futureThe new devices and communications protocol aredesigned for use during the next decade. With thetrend towards greater convergence of the variousbuilding management systems already well estab-lished, it is not difficult to envisage the fire systembecoming more deeply integrated with the HVACand security systems. As the panel has access tothe absolute output levels of each sensor, it is pos-sible to visualise the fire panel being used as themajor source of environmental information into anintegrated building management system. The tem-perature sensor could be used to control the airconditioning and the IR sensor in PTIR and COPTIRcould be used to control the room lighting. Giventhat a fire system will be mandatory, a reduction ininstallation and equipment costs for the buildingmanagement system could reduce the cost ofbuilding ownership.

ConclusionsThe Series 200 Advanced is a major step forward infire detection technology. Its introduction improvesthe speed of detection, reduces the risk and inci-dence of false alarms and provides a significantincrease in the effectiveness of addressable fire sys-tems in commercial premises, providing enhancedlife safety for the building’s occupants. IFP


PROFILE

u ropes smoke detection technology to a new level

P. 12-13 System Sensor Profile 19/8/09 1:59 pm Page 13

KINGSPAN INSULATION is pleased toannounce that its Kooltherm K15Rainscreen Board is the first insulationboard to achieve LABC Type Approval.Kingspan Kooltherm K15 Rainscreen Boardis a premium performance rigid phenolicboard, designed for use behind rainscreencladding systems and is used in a range ofapplications such as offices, schools andhospitals.

The LABC certificate eases the planningprocess projects have to go through, andapplies wherever the overall wallconstruction reflects the followingstandard design details:● An inner substrate of reinforced

concrete, masonry, or hollow

metal-framed walling formingpart of the buildingsuperstructure.

● A continuous layer ofKingspan Kooltherm K15fixed with a minimum of 9proprietary fasteners perboard and with taped joints.

● A ventilated airspace of atleast 50 mm.

● A rainscreen claddingweathering layer structurallyfixed back to the innersubstrate in accordance with manufacturersrecommendations and designrequirements.

With a thermal conductivity as low as0.020 W/m.K and a Class O/Low Risk firerated insulation core and negligible smokeobscuration, not only does Kooltherm K15Rainscreen Board meet the requirementsfor thermal performance, but the LABCsummary of the ‘Main Issues Considered’states that since K15 can be considered a‘material of limited combustibility’, it issuitable in all situations shown on Diagram40 of Approved Document B Volume 2,including those parts of a building morethan 18m above ground.

The product is also unaffected by airinfiltration and is resistant to the passageof water vapour, it remains the onlyinsulation board that has successfully metthe requirements of the BBA and holdsLABC System Approval.

LABC approval is issued by one localauthority and accepted by all other localauthorities throughout England and Wales.This approval covers compliance with theBuilding Regulations and a register ofapproved designs is kept by LABC to enable local authority building controlofficers to look up and check designapprovals.

Kingspan Insulation offers an extensiverange of insulation solutions for both newbuild and refurbishment projects.Specifiers, stockists and contractors aresupported with a comprehensive and freetechnical advisory service.

For more information please contact:UKTel: +44 (0) 870 733 8333Fax: +44 (0) 1544 387 299Email: [email protected]: www.insulation.kingspan.com


NEWS

CRANFORD CONTROLS core product rangeof conventional sounders and beacons isfurther enhanced by the addition of theloop powered addressable range ofproducts. In collaboration with C-TEC weare able to offer the well proven spatial andbase sounder products as a complete looppowered addressable product family. Thismutually convenient collaboration betweenthe two companies allows the use of provenaddressable electronic technology coupledwith the Cranford Controls sounder andbeacon electronic platforms housed inCranford Controls body plastic housing. Thisoffers the customer the best of both worldswhen choosing loop powered beacons andsounders. DIL switch selectable addressingfurther enhances the ease of fitment andcommissioning for the install engineer.

The range consists of VTG sounders, VCTsounder base and VTB combinedsounder/beacons. All products have anattractive low profile design, available inred or white fire retardant ABS, and providean excellent lateral sound distribution withadjustable volume on all models.

The products all offer a choice of 3evacuate tones (continuous, warble orsweep) along with 1 alert tone. VTG andVTB units come complete with the choiceof an IP42 rated shallow base, with a widecable entry access hole, or IP65 deep basewith top and side entry points; both,however, feature a bayonet fixingarrangement which ensures ‘quick-fit’installation. The VCT base sounder can be

used either with a smoke detector attachedor with a cover plate for those who wish touse the product as a stand alone sounder.

Group addressing facility is available onboth the VTG and VTB products allowingfor multiple units to be activatedsimultaneously. All of these products can beset to operate in master or shadow mode;when multiple shadow sounders are in usethey can all be given the same ID address asone ‘master’ sounder, ideal for heavilypopulated systems.

For further information on the addressableloop powered range and information onany additional products to help fully equipyour fire safety system please contactCranford Controls on +44 (0) 1420 592 444or email [email protected]

Loop powered addressablerange from Cranford Controls

Kingspan Kooltherm K15 Rainscreen Board is

the first insulation board toachieve LABC approval

Kingspan first tomake the gradewith LABC

News P. 5, 10, 14 19/8/09 1:21 pm Page 14


PROFILE

● High quality fire protection products, such asfire extinguishers, wall hydrants, smoke extrac-tion systems, small extinguishing systems etc.,which are constantly further developed andoptimised to meet current technical expertise.

● Services optimally coordinated to customerneeds and applications, such as fire protectionconsulting and inspection, maintenance andservice concepts, as well as training and furthereducation seminars.

As the only supplier of total solutions our exten-sive service and product portfolio combines all themeasures necessary for a custom-tailored fireprotection solution, which also represents the bestcost/safety ratio.

The result of years of research and developmentwork is the polished, innovative products devel-oped and produced to meet the highest “Made inGermany” standards and – given the appropriatemaintenance – guarantee the longest service life.Ongoing quality assurance measures and optimisa-tion ensure that this remains so.

The wide distribution network of Minimaxemployees guarantees that every customerreceives personal support, including high deliveryand service availability.

As a one-stop service provider in fire protectionMinimax is the best partner to fully servecustomers’ needs in matters of fire protection. IFP

Minimax –experience andcompetence

Minimax has stood for experience and competencein fire protection for over 100 years

For further details, pleasecontact:Minimax Mobile ServicesGmbH & Co. KGExport DepartmentMinimaxstr. 172574 Bad Urach/GermanyTel: 0049-7125-154-133Fax: 0049-7125-154-166Email:[email protected]

P. 15 Minimax Profile 19/8/09 1:59 pm Page 15


PROFILE

For both business and leisure radio technologyis now common place. Such are the advancesmade in wireless technologies in recent years

that most people use wireless devices without asecond thought.

Radio+ is a new fire detection system usingsecure wireless connections between the fielddevices and the control panels.

Based on well proven components the sensors,sounders, beacons and call points give Radio+ ahighly reliable foundation into which the wirelesstechnology has been integrated to provide a fullyfeatured analogue addressable fire detection andalarm system.

The development of Radio+ has tracked theprogress of the European standard EN54-25 “Firedetection and fire alarm systems. Componentsusing radio links”, and has therefore been designedto conform fully with all aspects of this document.

System overview

Control panelThe Radio+ Fire Control Panel is equiped tooperate full bi-directional communication to alldevices and is designed to comply with all currentapplicable European standards.● 250 radio devices per panel● 16 detection zones● large LCD for clear indication of status and

programming● comprehensive panel i/o facilities● full bi-directional radio communication

DetectorsRadio+ detectors are based on multi-sensor tech-nologies using combinations of optical smokedetection and both fixed temperature and rate ofrise heat detection. These elements can be select-ed to provide optimum detection of all types offire and operating conditions.

Radio+ Detector● multi-sensor technology● tamper alarm● first fix base● concealed antennas

Radio+ Detector AV UnitAs Radio+ detector integrated with:● highly visible led alarm beacon● alarm sounder● 3 volume settings● 8 tones

Manual call pointRadio+ Manual Call Points share all the features ofthe Universal CX on which they are based, inaddition a tamper switch is provided so that analarm is transmitted to the Radio+ Control Panel if the call point is dismantled or removed.● reassurance led● glass or plastic resettable element● tamper alarm● concealed antennas

Open area sounder & beaconRadio+ Sounder/Beacons are based on theSymphoni AV to provide a combined audible and visual alarm to suit applications affected bythe Disabilities Discrimination Act.● 100db(a) sounder● integrated highly efficient led beacon● tamper alarm● 3 volume settings● 8 tones

Survey kitA radio survey is the key to correct and trouble-free functioning of any wireless fire detectionsystem.

The Radio+ survey kit is supplied in a handycarrying case and operates both as an initial surveyinstrument and then as a commissioning tool oncethe equipment has been installed.

AvailabilityRadio+ will be available in the UK from October 09and globally from early 2010. IFP

Radio+ wirelesssystem fromCooper FulleonA new wireless system Radio+ provides a fire detection and alarm system usingsecure wireless connections between the field devices and the control panels.

For further enquiries pleasecontact: Cooper Fulleon on +44(0)1633 628526

P. 16 Cooper Fulleon Profile 19/8/09 2:00 pm Page 16


P. 17 ads 19/8/09 2:01 pm Page 17


PROFILE

Sensitron was founded in 1988 by Dr Frigo, MD,with the mission to becoming the Italian refer-ence point in gas detection. Within a decade

the mission was fully accomplished and the follow-ing decade was totally dedicated to give Sensitronan international visibility.

In the first decade Sensitron designed and devel-oped a range of fixed gas detectors unrivalled inItaly. The choice of using catalytic sensors or electro-chemical cells instead of the semiconductor sensorsstill largely employed in the 90’s by the Italian man-ufacturers made Sensitron the first Italian Companythat could compete against well reputed Europeanmanufacturers.

As soon as the new millennium turned, Sensitronwas ready to step into the European market with awide choice of fully ATEX certified detectors.

We had always believed that the ATEX directivewould have been our ‘bridge’ to Europe and weconcentrated a lot of effort in developing detectorsthat could guarantee a reliability and performanceas high as most of our European competitors could.Sensitron has been the first Italian Company to getATEX certified detectors since 2001, well in advancecompared to many European Manufacturers andwell before the ATEX directive entered on force inJune 2003.

It was a long term investment that allowedSensitron’s reputation to grow earning a day by dayshare in a market where, in a few year’s, our namebecame a consolidated brand.

Thanks to the growing business volume, weendeavoured to expand our production facilities. In2005 Sensitron bought a multi storey building thatcould offer modern and comfortable offices andhigh tech testing facilities. A large training roomwas set up to offer a fully equipped area to cus-tomers willing to have comprehensive training ses-sions on our systems.

Indeed, one of the most important developmentsover the last years is customers’ awareness that gasdetection systems are safety equipment and, assuch, need to be reliable. A ‘safety’ intended as aparticular attention to the product as part of a sys-tem, hence the request for adequately certifiedproducts and a proven skilfulness in their installationand maintenance. This led to an increasing demandfor reliability that in recent times generated therequests of SIL approved systems.

Total reliability and fail safe products have beenour third decade commitment. Current improve-ments and developments are aimed at offeringalways more and more accurate sensors, reliableelectronics and user friendly systems.

Sensitron third decade started along with obtain-ing GALILEO SMS control panels SIL 3 approval, aprestigious certificate that only a couple of our com-petitors can boast to have. This certificate enabledSensitron to really rank amongst the market leadingCompanies.

These days a new hi-tech generation of gasdetectors is being launched in the market to witnessour ongoing commitment to safety and before theend of this year SIL2/3 SMART SMS gas detectorswill also be available: detectors will have redundantelectronics and sensing elements to provide simulta-neous detection of gas by employing 2 independentsensors integrated in the same instrument.

Along with the above hi-tech products, it mustbe said that Sensitron has never disregarded theimportance of designing innovative products dedi-cated to a more commercial market, where qualityand cost effective prices represent a major sellingkey-point.

For years Sensitron has actively designed gasdetection systems for car parks achieving a promi-nent market share: with no false modesty we canaffirm that the majority of car parks in SouthernEurope have been equipped with our systems, oftensupplied under the private label of worldwide multi-national groups we manufacture for.

Since the new European Standard for car parkshas been approved, we developed a tailor-made sys-tem where the Multiplexer MULTISCAN++ paneland the innovative SMART 3P can meet the ENrequirements in full.

We invite all readers to contact us for any infor-mation they wish to receive on our products. IFP

Sensitron: safetyand security fora better lifeSensitron srl turned 20 last year and the Company can boast a rank amongst theleading manufacturers in the gas detection market. Nonetheless, the wish togrow further and explore new market niches and new technologies is the spiritthat keeps on leading us all.

For further enquiries pleasecontact: Sensitron srlWebsite: www.sensitron.it

P. 18 Sensitron Profile 19/8/09 2:01 pm Page 18


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P. 19 ads 19/8/09 2:01 pm Page 19


PROFILE

Our company is based in a 13,000 squarefoot purpose built facility that is approvedby LPCB and VdS to ISO9001:2000

(ISO9001:2008 by the end of this year.) Ourfactory features modern SMT line equipment andan anechoic chamber, allowing us to not onlybuild and produce to a level of high quality butalso to check and ensure that our sound outputreflects this. Our commitment to this is echoed bycontinuing investment in our facilities.

Continued growth and an expanding customerbase have led to the recent addition of offices tothe upstairs of our facility, allowing for the oldoffices down stairs to be converted into a dedi-cated Research & Development department.

Our product portfolio features an extensiverange, not only covering fire and security productsbut also power supplies, door accessories, intrinsi-cally safe equipment, hazardous area and, mostrecently, Disability Discrimination Act (DDA)products.

Understanding the importance of DDA is a mustfor the future so at Cranford we are striving toemphasise the importance of this act to all ourcustomers and to also help with compliancywherever possible with our range of Spatial

Sounder/Beacons, Fireco Deafgard, Door Retainersand our newest introduction of a wireless disabledtoilet alarm.

With our ever expanding range of products anddedicated sales and technical teams, we continueto offer a high level of choice and service to ourcustomers through a highly experienced andfocused distribution network.

We also offer a wide range of approved prod-ucts which have been independently tested to theappropriate standards including EN54 by the LPCBand VdS and are CE marked to comply with therequirements of the Construction Products Direc-tive (CPD). The approved products we offerinclude our VTG and VPR Spatial Sounders, ourVSO Sounder Base, Power Supply Units and CallPoints. On top of this, all of our Cranford Controlsmanufactured products are also RoHS and WEEECompliant.

Here at Cranford Controls we pride ourselveson being a family owned and run, UK indepen-dent manufacturing company. This enables us toreact to our customer’s demands and focus on ourtradition of providing quality products andexcellent service to our customers through ourcommitted team. IFP

Cranford Controls™

– supplying to 25 countriesworldwideCranford Controls™ was established in 1993 and is a family run business thatspecialises in the design and manufacture of sounders, beacons and ancillarydevices for the fire, security and process control industries, supplying to 25countries worldwide. Situated in Alton, Hampshire, we are conveniently locatedto London with main road and mainline rail connections.

For further enquiries pleasecontact: Cranford ControlsTel: +44 (0)1420 592 444Website:www.cranfordcontrols.com

P. 20 Cranford Profile 19/8/09 2:02 pm Page 20

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Why not contact usfor more information on

T: +44 (0)1420 592 444

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www.cranfordcontrols.com

The UK’s Leading Independent

manufacturer of Quality Fire

and Security Products

Cranford Controls have been manufacturing anddeveloping high quality products since 1993.

With a strong Research and Development team we are able to fulfilthe demands of our customers with new and exciting products.

All Cranford manufactured products are designed with quality,technology, ease of installation and aesthetics in mind.As a well established leading UK independent manufacturer we areproud to offer our extensive product portfolio to our ever increasingcustomer base throughout theUK and worldwide.

Each of our products are created and tested in our purpose builtfacility approved to ISO9001:2000 by LPCB and by VdS; ourproducts also feature approvals including EN54, VdS, CPD and areRoHS and WEEE compliant.

Made with Love

P. 22 ads 19/8/09 2:02 pm Page 22

ARMSTRONG LIMITED, a leadingsupplier of quality high efficiencyHVAC and fluid handling equipmentfor residential, commercial andindustrial applications, is pleased toannounce the release of four newArmstrong Fire Pumps. They arethe 8x8x16 Vertical In-Line (VIL);6x5x13 and 8x6x13 End Suc-tion; and 12x8x18 HorizontalSplit Case Fire Pumps.

The 8x8x16 Vertical In-LineFire Pump enhances the exist-ing Armstrong VIL Fire Pumpproduct line and providesextended capabilities forflows of 1000 USgpm, 1250USgpm and 1500 USgpm.

The 6x5x13 and 8x6x13

End Suction Fire Pumps offerimproved efficiencies andextended capabilities for the ESFire Pump product line, forflows ranging from 400

USgpm to 1750 USgpm.The 12x8x18 Horizontal Split

Case Fire Pump extends the HSCFire Pump product line reaching

flows as high as 3000 USgpm.The four new Armstrong Fire Pumps

are UL and ULC listed, and are also FMapproved.

For more information on Armstrong FirePumps, please visit our website at

http://www.armstrongpumps.com

For more information, please contact: Steven LaneCommunications ManagerTel: 416-755-2298 ext. 367Email: [email protected]


FIRE PUMPS & CONTROLLERS ROUND UP

Armstrong Launches FourNew Fire Pumps

Armstrong’s Fire Pump HousesARMSTRONG LIMITED is expanding the availabilityof its fire pump house products. Previously, theproduct was only offered to the UK market, butnow the fire pump house is available globally.

All components of the Armstrong fire pumphouse are built, wired, tested and packaged atan indoor Armstrong facility. By building the firepump house in a controlled environment, therisks of equipment cost overruns, on-site errors,on-site construction delays and on-site workerinjuries are eliminated.

All components are sourced, purchased andinstalled by Armstrong, which dramaticallyreduces the responsibilities and duties of thecontractor. The fire pump house includes thefollowing components: ● Fire pumps● Electric motors● Diesel engines (with accessories)● Jockey pumps● Controllers

● Required lighting, heating, sprinklers andventilation system to meet internationalsafety standardsThe packaged fire pump house reduces on-

site construction time by up to 93%. There is no

need to perform testing on-site, since the pumpsare flow-tested and the entire system ispressure-tested before leaving the plant.

Installing the Armstrong fire pump house is asimple procedure and can be completed in aslittle as 4-8 hours. Once the fire pump housearrives on-site, all that is required of the con-tractor is to hook up the power connections,external suction and discharge.

There are several options that can be addedto the fire pump house. A building owner ormaintenance manager can be alerted to prob-lems with the ArmCom7000 remote monitoringsystem. Other options available include dooralarms, flowmeter loops and city bypass loops.

For more information, please contact: Steven LaneCommunications ManagerTel: 416-755-2298 ext. 367Email: [email protected]

End suction Fire Pump

VIL Fire PumpHorizontal split-case Fire Pump

P. 23-26 Fire Pumps R/U 19/8/09 2:40 pm Page 23

The LMR Plus Series of Elec-tric Fire Pump Controllersrepresent the next step infire protection from EATON.These state of the art con-trollers are an enhancedversion of the originalmicroprocessor-based, LMRSeries.

The DIESEL Plus FirePump Controllers aredesigned to control andmonitor 12 or 24 volt,diesel fire pump enginesand are among the mosttechnically advanced dieselengine controllers available.



Industry’s firstvariable speedelectric firepump controllerfrom MasterConstant pressure regardless of suctionvariationsMASTER introduces the industry’s first variablespeed electric fire pump controller that adjusts thepump speed to maintain a truly constant outputpressure from shut-off to rated flow. It evenadjusts for large suction pressure variations with-out wasting a drop of water. They are UL listedand FM approved for fire protection in accordancewith the latest edition of NFPA 20.

How it worksSince the output pressure of a centrifugal pumpvaries with the square of the speed, pressure can becontrolled accurately by controlling the speed of thepump. For example, if a pump runs at 1785 RPMduring shutoff with an output pressure of 204 PSIand the speed is reduced by 10 percent to 1607RPM, the new output pressure will be 165 PSI. Sincea constant output pressure is the desired outcome,one simply sets the desired pressure – say 165 PSI.The control system then varies the pump speeddepending on the actual suction pressure and flowconditions to maintain a precise, constant pressure.

Technology – backed up by a traditionalfire pump controllerMaster ECV and ECVT variable speed controllerscombine the reliability of the EC series fire pumpcontroller with the high technology of a variable fre-quency drive into one robust package. By using anindependent pressure switch that senses the system

Firetrol® FirePump ControllersFiretrol® Fire Pump Controllers are a brand of ASCOPower Technologies®, an Emerson Network Power®

business.

As a leading manu-facturer, FIRETROL’s ULListed, FM Approvedproducts have longbeen trusted to protectthe worlds’ most highprofile properties. Someof these include highrise buildings such asBurj Dubai, Taipei 101and the Jin Mao Towerin Shanghai. Othersinclude Yankee Stadiumin New York, MGM CityCenter in Las Vegas andMacau’s City of Dreams.

The Firetrol brand isalso known worldwidein the oil and gas industry. We recent-ly developed a UL Listed, Class 1,Division 2 Diesel Engine Fire Pump Controller to meet the unique requirementsfor this industry. This type of controller is used primarily in offshore platforms.

Firetrol’s dedicated team of engineers, sales and service personnel have over340 years of combined experience in the industry. We can provide the assistanceand expertise to help make sure the right product is designed for your specificneed.

For more information, please contact:Firetrol Fire Pump Controllers5625 Dillard Drive, Suite 117Cary, North Carolina USA 27518Tel: +1 919 460 5200Fax: +1 919 460 5250Website: www.firetrol.com

Eaton – world class manufacturer of fire pump controllers

For more information, please contact:Eaton CorporationTel: +1-403-717-2000Fax: +1-403-717-0567Email: [email protected]: www.chfire.com


pressure, the fire pump controller bypassesthe drive if the pressure is not adequate.Therefore, the same high reliability is main-tained as if the variable frequency drivewere not even in the system.

To help protect the drive from lightningstrikes, surges, and transients, a line sideisolating contactor and a 5% line reactor isprovided. The line reactor also helps to pre-vent harmonic electrical noise from goingback into the power system. Further, powerfuses are provided to take the drive off-linedue to an internal fault without damagingor disabling the fire pump controller.

Tamperproof enclosureThe complete variable speed fire pumpcontroller and drive is enclosed in a lock-able, dusttight, NEMA 12 enclosure with aNEMA 12 external heat sink and NEMA 12air-to-air cabinet cooler. This protects thehigh technology components from dam-age due to water spray, concrete dust, andphysical tampering and eliminates theneed for air conditioning.

Smooth hydraulic operationProcess controls dynamically regulate themotor speed and system pressure forsmooth pressure adjustments due to chang-ing flows or suction pressure variations. Theyalso provide both Soft Starting and SoftStopping to reduce or avoid start up watersurges and shut down water hammer.

Standard alarms and remotecontactsIn addition to the standard EC series alarmsand contacts, model ECV or ECVT con-trollers provide visual alarms for “Drive Fail-ure, Bypass and Overpressure” indication.

Huge cost savings in the rightapplications● Eliminates the need for a break tank.● Allows smaller pipe and better head

selection, and eliminates PRVs inESFR systems.● Reduces the use of high pressure

fittings.● Allows taller buildings without

adding zones or may eliminate azone.

● Eliminate system and floor PRVsand the annual testing.

● Eliminate or reduce the size ofthe drain riser.

● Eliminates wasteful dumping of waterthrough the relief valve under no-flowconditions.

Emergency power applicationsIn the Variable Speed mode, the drivereduces the starting current to as little as125% of the full load motor currentwhile still producing rated torque. Thus,the ECVT works extremely well with allmodern gen-sets.

In the Bypass mode, the motor willstart Across-the-line. As an option, Masteroffers Primary Reactor or Soft Startreduced voltage starting to help reducethe gen-set size in this mode.

For more information, please contact:Master Control SystemsP.O. Box 276, 910 North Shore DriveLake Bluff, Illinois 60044-2295Tel: 847-295-1010 Fax: 847-295-0704Website: www.mastercontrols.com



The new METRON ELEDYNE LTD typeFD4e diesel engine fire pump con-troller is designed to specifically meetthe latest NFPA 20, IEC62091 and UL218 standards. It is FM Approved toclass 1321/1322 and is UL listed.

This controller implements the latestcomponent and microprocessor logictechnology available and incorporatesyears of experience in the design andmanufacture of fire pump controlsystems.

This latest version (v4) now hasmore indicators, user programs, voltfree contacts and user inputs than everbefore. It also has a multitude of otherfeatures which include, sequential stoptimer, automatic stop timer, AC mainsfailure and shutdown in test mode allbuilt in as standard.These additionalfeatures make this controller more ver-satile and more suitable to a variety ofdifferent applications. The controller issuitable for use as a standard NFPA20basic industrial fire pump controller, orfor a multi-channel off-shore oil andgas application.

The controller also has a fantastic datalogging facility to ensure that the fire pro-

tection water pressure is constantly record-ed and that all system events are recordedwith a date and time stamp. All of these

data logs are accessed via a user friendlyoperator interface display, alternativelythey can be transferred to a PC computerby a SD memory card for interrogation.

The enclosure can be NEMA 2, NEMA4 or NEMA 4X and a special ATEX explo-sion proof version is also available.

The new FD4e controller is fully incompliance with RoHS and WEEE ECdirectives and is also CE Marked. It hasalso been exhaustively test to the latest EMC standards. The controller can also be arranged with identificationlabels in various languages from Russianto English.

Please visit our website:www.metroneledyne.co.uk for moredetails

Metron Eledyne Ltd type FD4e dieselengine fire pump controller


Globaloperatingmanufacturer

PENTAIR WATER is a Global operatingmanufacturer forsprinkler pumps.

With the BandsAURORA, FAIRBANKSand EDWARDS weoffer a wide range of Splitcase-, Inline-,Endsuction- andVertical TurbinePumps as well asFoampumps.

Of course allpumps are buildto the NFPA 20 and listed/approved byUL/FM.

For detailed information please contact:Pentair Flow Technologies GBU800 Airport Road, North Aurora, IL 60542, U.S.A.Tel: +1 630-859-7000 or visit our webpages:

http://www.aurorapump.comhttp://www.fmpump.com

http://www.edwardsmfg.com



PATTERSON PUMP IRELAND LIMITED has intro-duced an all-new EN12845 Pump Range specifi-cally for the European market. This rangefeatures very competitively priced fire pumppackages including new end suction pumpmodels.

The company’s housed and open-skidprepackaged fire pump systems continue toevolve and now utilize a bespoke modularbuilding design. This design is unique toPatterson Pump whose innovative solutionsfor prepackaged pump houses are international-ly recognized.

The new EN12845 Pump Range is a welcomeaddition to Patterson Pump Ireland’s well-estab-lished ranges of NFPA No. 20 and FM/UL fire

pump products. Itprovides a greater selection of products, whichcombine the best in quality with a competitiveprice, keeping Patterson at the forefront of thefire protection industry.

Patterson Pump Limited also haslaunched its own range of

Jockey/Booster Pumps, which rein-force the Patterson Pump Irelandbrand identity and provide signifi-cant cost savings. All new projectswill now include Jockey Pumps from

this new range as standard.

Obtain full details on specifications, priceand availability for any of these new pumpranges from your local Patterson Pumprepresentative or by contacting PattersonPump Limited’s sales team directly at +353 44 47078 or via e-mail [email protected]

Patterson Pump Ireland offers new EN12845Pump Range

The protection of life is not a matter forcompromise. This is particularly true forfire protection systemswhere they are only asstrong as their ‘weakestlink’ and compromisemay result in avoidableloss of life or property.

That is why SPP FIREPUMPS are designedspecifically for the veryparticular needs of fire pro-tection and comply with thedemanding requirements ofthe LPCB, FM and UL approvalstandards and meet all the require-ments of NFPA 20. This means that anindependent assessment has been madeof SPP’s packages and processes and thatthey conform to industry standards.

The SPP range includes End Suction, SplitCase and Multi Stage Multi Outlet pumps.In addition, experience gained from extremeenvironments such as off-shore oil & gasinstallations has led to the creation of theSPP Vertical Turbine range of pumps – thebest technical solution for applicationswhere the fire protection water source islocated below ground or deck level. Withthis type of unit the impellers are fullyimmersed in the water ensuring the pumpsare primed at all times.

The ultimate in tailor made fire protec-tion pump packages are the SPP pumphouse packages – housing pumps, controlsystems and pipework. Individually engi-neered to customer requirements, anddesigned to FM/UL or NFPA fire protectionrules, these packages are delivered complete

– installed in standard sizecontainers ready for immediate

installation on simple foundations. You will find SPP products in major

airports, oil & gas installations, in many ofthe tallest and most prestigious buildingsaround the world and in the channel tunnelbetween the UK and France. In fact, you willfind SPP fire pumps wherever people andproperty need to be protected from thedevastation of fire.

For more information, please contact:SPP Pumps LimitedTel: +44 (0)118 932 5289Fax: +44 (0)118 932 3302Email: [email protected]: www.spppumps.com

SPP Fire Pumps – protectingpeople and property aroundthe world


World Class Manufacturer

of Fire Pump

Controllers

EATON Corporation10725-25th Street NE. #124

Calgary, AlbertaCanada T3N 0A4

tel: +1 403-717-2000fax: +1 403-717-0567

email: [email protected]: www.chfire.com

The LMR Plus Series of Electric Fire Pump Controllers represent the next step in fire protection from Eaton. These state of the art control-lers are an enhanced version of the original microprocessor-based, LMR Series.

The DIESEL Plus Fire Pump Controllers are designed to control and monitor 12 or 24 volt, diesel fire pump engines and are among the most technically advanced diesel engine controllers available.

All EATON Diesel Plus Engine Controllers meet FM 1321/1323 requirements.

APPROVED

Eaton IFP39 p27 11/8/09 3:38 pm Page 1

Pumping Technology for Tomorrow’s World

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FIRE PANEL

Bosch Security Systems introduces a new firepanel series for small and medium-sizedinstallations. Based on the company’s proven

high-end panel concept, the Fire Panel 1200 Seriesoffers innovative fire protection in the one- andtwo-loop segments, combining flexibility and ease-of-use with the reliability of the marketproven Modular Fire Panel Series.

The 1200 Series panel is operated via an easy-to-use touch screen featuring a large 5.7” LCDdisplay and an intuitive user interface with a clearmenu structure. In addition, the panel offers vari-ous diagnostic functions including the display ofextensive diagnostic information.

Based on the LSN (Local SecurityNetwork) bussystem, the Fire Panel 1200 Series offers the a high

Combinesflexibility,reliability andease-of-useBosch introduces fire panel 1200 seriesfor small and medium-sized installations ● Proven panel concept provides highest operating reliability and safety

● Innovative fire protection in the one- and two-loop market segment

● LSN technology supports full range of proven LSN peripherals

P. 29-30 Bosch Detection 19/8/09 2:04 pm Page 29

level of system stability, and supports the fullrange of proven LSN peripheral components. Fur-thermore, it provides synergies with the existingModular Fire Panel family concerning specification,configuration, maintenance and logistics.

The 1200 series also offers an extensive choiceof modules giving a broad range of possibilities

for any application. Theencapsulated modules areextremely rugged and arehot swappable, whichmeans that it is possible toreplace modules in a run-ning system. The standarddeployment of the 1200Series panel is first loop. Itcan be easily extended tosecond loops with anadditional module.

Moreover, up to threeremote keypads can beconnected to the 1200Series panel. It is also pos-sible to connect the panelto an FMS (Fire MonitoringSystem) and/or a BIS (Build-ing Integration System)from Bosch.

As with Bosch’s otherfire-panel series, the 1200Series panel operates withthe new serial interface for

the Bosch EVAC Voice Alarm Systems. This allows intelligent and more detailed evacu-

ation control via the serial interface and reducesthe number of relay output modules needed inmulti-zone installations.

The Fire Panel 1200 Series is also certifiedaccording to all relevant standards, such as EN54-2A1 and EN54-4 A2. IFP


COMBINES FLEXIBILITY, RELIABILITY AND EASE-OF-USEFIRE PANEL

The 1200 series also offers an extensive choice of modules

giving a broad range of possibilities for any application.

The encapsulated modules are extremely rugged and are hot

swappable, which means that it is possible to replace

modules in a running system.

P. 29-30 Bosch Detection 19/8/09 2:04 pm Page 30

Up-To-Date? It’s Up to You! NFPA® membership is indispensable for more than 81,000 professionals worldwide. What about you? It’s an easy decision for anyone involved with protecting people and property, because NFPA keeps members on top of breakthroughs, research, and technology...and in control of their careers. Join now and SAVE 10% on NFPA codes, products, and seminars, while you stay up-to-date with:

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NFPA Whole page 3/12/07 9:14 AM Page 1

Dynax 7/4/08 09:50 Page 1


FOAMS

Overview of fixed foam systems

From foam-enhanced sprinklers to high expansiongenerators, foam is used in fixed systems to dealwith a bewildering variety of fire scenarios. How-

ever, one thing that they all have in common – withvery few exceptions – is that flammable liquids arethe fuel source. And when dealing with flammableliquids, using foam that contains fluorosurfactantsusually provides the highest level of fire suppressioncapability.

The science simplified: foam provides a barrieragainst flammable liquid vapors without aggressivelymixing with the product and enhancing the volatilityof fire from the fuel – water alone doesn’t float onhydrocarbons and only serves to make matters worse.On the other hand, foam, especially when it containsfluorosurfactants, suppresses the burning vapor byforming an aqueous film on top of lighter fuels.

How we proportion the foam concentrate withwater, and to what extent we expand it, is deter-mined by the application. It is perhaps more infor-mative to look at the applications first to helpunderstand what choices there are to be made.

Foam enhanced sprinklers Water is a fantastic firefighting medium, no ques-tion. However, sometimes it needs a little help whenbeing delivered through sprinkler systems. Where asite has a large inventory of plastic material or wherethe storage medium itself is plastic, as in the case of

tote bins, adding foam into the sprinkler nozzles viaa bladder tank gives enhanced fire control. This isclassed as unaspirated foam. In other words, there isno mechanism built into the system for entraining airinto the foam to give any expansion. Because thefoam is only expanded to what might crudely becalled a “milky effect,” the foam concentrate itselfneeds to be aqueous film forming – AFFF.

Foam deluge systemsThe difference between deluge and sprinklers,whether we use foam or not, is simply that in a del-uge system a whole zone will actuate and applywater or foam to the hazard. The detection line isseparate and controls the opening of a deluge valveto supply foam/water to the hazard. A range ofdetection options are available from simple aircharged lines with detector bulbs through to triplespectrum UV/IR flame detection. Because deluge sys-tems use open nozzles we have the option to aspi-rate the foam so that it becomes low expansionrather than unsapirated. This is achieved with theuse of nozzles that entrain air and give an expansionratio of up to 20:1 but typically lower. A relativelygentle application of aspirated foam is to be pre-ferred where solvents in particular are stored.Process hazards are typically where deluge systemsare to be found. Because these are low-expansionsystems, they usually contain fluorosurfactant foamsuch as AFFF or FFFP.

By Tom Cortina

Fire Fighting FoamCoalition (www.fffc.org)

and

David Owen

Firemain Engineering(www.firemain.com)

Foams for FixedSystems: Fluorosurfactants add effectivenessThe negative publicity surrounding 3M’s phase out of PFOS-based fire fightingfoams in 2002, and the subsequent speculation that telomer-based foams mightalso be regulated, has contributed to a shift in recent years in the types of fixedfoam systems being installed in aircraft hangars, warehouses, and other similarapplications. Now that environmental authorities have decided on a voluntarystewardship approach and telomer-based foams have not been regulated, it mightbe time to re-evaluate what are the best agents for use in fixed foam systems.

P. 33-34 Foams for Fixed 19/8/09 2:04 pm Page 33

Medium expansion pourersUsing the same methods of proportioning and foamstorage, we can expand most of the commonly avail-able foams up to 200:1. This provides a substantialfoam blanket but with very limited throw from dis-charge devices. It’s ideal where a gentle applicationis preferred and where spillage of flammables is con-tained. This is typically into bunds around tank farmsand process areas where bunding is easily achievedwhilst not hindering the means of escape. Mediumexpansion foam was particularly successful at theBuncefield incident for securing the bunds once themore volatile bund fires had been dealt with bymonitors. Medium-expansion pourers can containeither non-fluorosurfactant detergent foam or fluo-rosurfactant foam such as AFFF or FFFP. Most of thefoam used to secure the bunds during the Bunce-field incident was fluorosurfactant foam.

High expansion foamAlong with foam-enhanced sprinklers, this is anotherapplication where class B fires are not the only limita-tion to its use. Expanding foam to anything up to1000:1 means that we have a very light and relativelydry finished foam. One of the main applications forHi Ex systems at present is the protection of aircrafthangars and warehouses. For aircraft hangars, NFPAallows a choice of options including Hi Ex, roof levellow expansion AFFF deluge, and underwing monitorprotection. In recent years Hi Ex has often been cho-sen in preference in part because of environmentalconcerns about fluorosurfactant foams and alsobecause it produces far less firewater run-off, asignificant issue when considering containment.

Despite these concerns, a recent report for theCanadian Department of National Defence recom-mended the use of overhead, closed head watersprinklers with low level, low expansion AFFF foamas the fire protection system of choice for aircrafthangars. According to the report, the proposed AFFFsystem scored the highest in both technical and costevaluations, is very effective in asset fire protectionwith the AFFF agent utilized, has the ability toachieve rapid delivery and fire control, and isrelatively simple to install and maintain as all foamcomponents are located at low level.

Environmental updateTelomer-based foams do not contain or degrade intoPFOS. They are not made with PFOA (perfluorooc-tane sulfonate), but may contain trace levels as acontaminant of the manufacturing process. Ratherthan regulate telomer-based products, environmen-tal authorities such as the United States Environmen-tal Protection Agency (EPA) have decided on avoluntary stewardship approach. Under the EPA’sPFOA global stewardship program, telomer produc-ers have committed to 95% reductions of PFOA,PFOA precursors, and related higher homologuechemicals by year-end 2010 and are working towardthe elimination of these chemicals from both plantemissions and finished products by year-end 2015.

Members of the Fire Fighting Foam Coalition thatmake telomer-based fluorosurfactants and AFFF agentsare in position to meet the goals of the global steward-ship program before the 2015 target date with a familyof all C6-based fluorosurfactants that provide the samefire protection characteristics with reduced environ-mental impacts. Incorporating these new fluorosurfac-tants will require some reformulation and likely sometype of re-approval of most current AFFF, FFFP, and fluo-roprotein foam products between 2010 and 2015.

A new study published recently by SFT related tofluorochemicals found at fire training facilities inNorway has drawn interest within the foam industry.

The SFT study confirms the findings of previous stud-ies that the likely ultimate biodegradation products ofthe fluorosurfactants used in currently manufacturedAFFF agents are persistent, but are not considered tobe significant environmental toxins. The low bioaccu-mulation values developed in this study reinforce pre-vious assertions of the general safety of theseproducts. Because these studies were done at firetraining areas where foams were released uncon-trolled numerous times over many years, the findingsshould not be used to assess the impact of a one-timeuse of a fire-fighting foam to extinguish a fire, whichwould result in significantly smaller contaminant con-centrations. Current accepted practice is to use fluo-rine-free training foams whenever possible as well asto collect and treat foam discharges when fluorine-containing foams are used for training or testing.

ConclusionsThere are a number of different types of fixed foamsystems that use both fluorosurfactant and non-fluoro-surfactant foams. Although there has been a small butdiscernable trend in recent years towards the use ofnon-fluorosurfactant foams, this trend has been fueledin part by speculation that telomer-based fluorosurfac-tant foams would be regulated. Now that environ-mental authorities have decided on a voluntarystewardship approach and telomer-based foams havenot been regulated, it might be time to be far less anx-ious about telomer based foams and to continue touse the AFFF agents that have provided such provenfire performance in fixed and mobile fire protection.

Fire fighting foam coalitionThe Fire Fighting Foam Coalition, Inc. (FFFC) is a not-for-profit trade association whose members are manu-facturers, distributors and users of aqueousfilm-forming foam (AFFF) fire fighting agents and theirchemical components. The Coalition represents mem-bers’ interests on all issues related to the environmen-tal acceptability of fire fighting foams. FFFC also helpsto ensure that accurate information about PFOS alter-natives, including telomer-based products, is dissemi-nated to appropriate audiences. The Coalition is aclearinghouse for information, supports the develop-ment of industry positions, and interacts on behalf ofmembers with relevant government organizations.

FFFC has provided extensive information on AFFFto environmental agencies in the United States,Europe, and Canada that includes the following:● Amount of fluorosurfactant actives used in the

manufacture of AFFF in the United States● Chemical structure of the fluorosurfactants used

in major fluorotelomer-based AFFF formulations● Mechanics of film formation● Groundwater monitoring data from US military

fire training areas● US Inventory of PFOS-based and fluorotelomer-

based AFFF● Overview of the different types of foams, the

market channel for their distribution, and theenvironmental fate once they are used

● Aquatic toxicity of fire fighting foamsThe following companies are represented on the

Board of Directors of FFFC: Ansul (Tyco), Chem-guard, DuPont, Dynax, and Kidde (UTC). All of usbelieve strongly in the value of our products andtheir potential for fighting fires quickly and safely.Our products have been proven to provide knock-down, resist burnback and secure the enflamed areain flammable liquid – or class B – fires. From aircraftfires to major flammable liquid spills, our productshave provided quicker, more effective results withless risk to firefighters, less property damage andreduced environmental impact. IFP


FOAMS FOR FIXED SYSTEMSFOAMS

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FIRE-RESISTANT GLASS

Myth and mystique

Some assumptions are simply not justifiedgiven the fundamental nature of glass. Forexample, higher impact strength (e.g. as

toughened glass) is sometimes implicitly takengenerically to mean strength in fire. Not so – thetwo are different and governed by entirely differ-ent factors. Equally, standard annealed glass anddouble glazed units are too often erroneouslyassumed to provide an acceptable degree ofresilience. Single glazing easily cracks in fire and adouble glazed unit shows consistent integrity fail-ure in tests after only a few minutes exposure. Atoo literal interpretation of the terms “safety andsecurity” applied to glass products may also leadto misconceptions. Products in this category, for

example laminates based on plastic organicinterlayers, fail catastrophically in fire after glasscracking followed by smoking, with dripping ofthe hot liquid interlayer and flaming.

Glass is not a material with inherent resilienceagainst fire. To have any practical and significantfire resistance, especially against various firescenarios, requires a special and robust fire-resistant technology.

RegulationsCountries the world over recognise the importanceof making provision for fire safety in their countryregulations governing buildings, design, andconstruction. Some may have well established reg-ulations over more than fifty years, others may

By Mike Wood

Pilkington Group Ltd

Progress withfire-resistantglass Limiting risk, reducing uncertaintyGlass is such a common and familiar material in today’s architecture that there isa risk that too much is taken for granted concerning its behaviour in fire. Glassarchitecture and design practice continue to advance by leaps and bounds; each new iconic building that goes up seems to lead with another structuralinnovation. Fire-resistant glass, and the understanding of glass in fire, have alsoadvanced in parallel, influenced by the trend to open building design in theshadow of the threat from fire to an increasingly complex congested builtenvironment. It is important that those advances are given full recognition.

P. 37-40 Glazing 19/8/09 2:05 pm Page 37

only just be developing up-to-date guidance. In allcases, the applicable regulations are influenced bylocal tradition, custom and practice, stimulated inparticular by significant landmark fire events.

The ways of making fire safety provisions, andthe recommended guidance, varies, but the under-pinning principles remain the same. The firstpriority is safety of the occupants and sure protec-tion for firefighters. Second comes protection ofthe property and assets, an increasing need sincefire can have tremendous economic impact onlocal communities, through its affect on jobs,businesses and public buildings such as hospitals,residential homes for the elderly, and schools. Firedoes not only have a human dimension. There areeconomic, social, and environmental aspects aswell. There are good reasons for wanting good firesafety regulation, and especially appropriateenforcement.

Specifying fire resistanceGiven the complexities of fire and the variouspossible fire safety objectives, it is not sufficient tosimply specify “fire resistance”. Fire resistance hasto be defined. Standards commonly recognise twobasic classifications, which for any qualifying productmust be checked by test in a specified fire-resistantsystem. These categories are a) integrity, i.e. actingmerely as a physical barrier to simply hold backflames and hot gases, and b) insulation, whichrequires integrity plus the ability to prevent signifi-cant heat transfer from the fire and flames (by allmechanisms: radiation, conduction, convection).

Similarly, the general term “fire protection” canalso cause confusion and misconception, especiallybetween fire resistance and fire retardancy. Thefire retardant property applies entirely separatelyto spread of flame and the ability of a material tosustain burning.

Intermediate fire resistance options may alsoonly serve to blur distinctions. An example is theEuropean class EW which allows classification upto a measured radiant heat level of 15kW/sqm at 1 metre distance. Only one country in Europe usesthis class in its regulations. In fact 15kW/sqm is ahigh level of radiant heat – readily understandableif it is remembered as being equivalent to around15 times the maximum sun’s intensity at midsummer on the earth’s surface, capable of causingserious burns in a fraction of minutes. The limit toprotect people is 2.5 kW/sqm, i.e. insulationperformance.

One of the reasons for the 15 kW/sqm provisionin the classification scheme is a presumption thatthis generally limits the risk of ignition on the non-fire side. This may be the case for some materials,but not necessarily all. But what the 15 kW/sqmlevel hardly limits is the risk of smoulderingcombustion on the non fire side (without flaming),generating smoke in the protected zone. And it issmoke and fumes which cause many deaths infire.

Critical importance of insulationBecause heat is one of the most dangerousaspects of fire, integrity with limited or no ability


FIRE-RESISTANT GLASS

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to attenuate heat has restricted application. Thatis, for example, before the fire conditions becomeuntenable, i.e. in the early stages of escape withinthe first minutes of the fire alarm being sounded,or for smoke screens in the absence of flames.

In contrast, insulation plus integrity has the abilityto provide far more robust fire protection overtime, also providing excellent protection againstheat which may otherwise cause serious life-threatening burns. Insulation performance maytherefore offer particular advantages for enhancedlife safety (especially for vulnerable groups) as wellas benefits in limiting fire spread by secondaryignition on the protected side of the glazing.

Confidence in performanceOne of the most important questions facingspecifiers and designers concerning fire is productreliability. Does the product performance in a testreflect likely performance in a fire? Does a pass inone test mean a pass should the test be repeated?Does an individual furnace test reflect routineproduction quality, or is it a special quality?

The main purpose of testing is to allow productclassification. The test is formulised to represent astandard, fixed fire condition. Yet in practice thereis no “standard” fire: fire is essentially unpre-dictable and variable with infinite capacity tosurprise. Chance circumstance may determineoutcome in a way that cannot be foreseen atdesign.

A single fire test, it should be remembered, onlyprovides information on the system as providedand tested on the day of the test, as installed onthat day. Installations should replicate the originaltested specification. A single test simply allowsclassification, and only provides an indication oftendency. Important considerations that allowbetter judgment on risks in real fires are notrecorded nor offered, for example a description ofthe change mechanism under fire exposure. Ifwider assurance and confidence in the level ofperformance is sought then the wider pictureneeds to be obtained. That evaluation shouldinclude the fundamental characteristics of the par-ticular fire-resistant glass technology being used.

Pointers to reliabilityThe first point of reference is the test record – notonly the extent of testing and success rate, butalso if test failures are experienced and why. Therange and number of test approvals is a significantguide: different applications and situations,number of framing options, the complexity of theglazing arrays, and the size of the glazing panelstested are all useful indicators. It is valid to askhow many approvals have been gained, in howmany different test laboratories under differenttesting regimes, as well as the number, range andvariety of systems that have successfully gainedofficial test approval. Additional product certifica-tion – e.g. international and national marks, suchas CE marking, UL approval, and third partyschemes – are also useful indicators.

It’s the responsibility of manufacturers to takeall measures that they can to check the fitness forpurpose of their products. A basically sound androbust fire-resistant glass technology is needed,that can respond in real fire situations to theunpredictable challenges set by fire. Not all fire-resistant glass technologies may measure up to

this criterion. Internal checks and control processesare also important.

The governing attitude should be “test, testand test again,” not only in official tests but alsoby the discipline of internal furnace testing andproduct control. For example, Pilkington operatesfour full size furnace test facilities in regular use,with facility to evaluate both oil and gas firing,including the capability to test elements up to size4m by 4m.

Natural selectionOne of the most important considerations inevaluating risk in a fire is to understand the modeand mechanism of failure under fire exposure. Thenecessary level of confidence in a product can onlycome from a good pedigree of furnace testing, asdiverse and varied as possible, together with anopen explanation of the mechanism of deterior-ation in fire together with explanation of thefundamental strengths of the technology thatcounterbalance that mechanism. For example,there is a world of difference between catas-trophic, unpredictable failure (which is essentiallyan unreliable failure mode, e.g. as characteristic oftoughened glass in fire), and one that is based ongradual and progressive deterioration, which ispredictable and therefore controllable throughproduct design (e.g. as applies to intumescentsodium silicate based laminated fire-resistanttechnology, as used and extensively tested overmany years in the first of this type PilkingtonPyrostop® and Pilkington Pyrodur®).

All materials, sooner or later, fail in fire. Theproduct that recognises that, and adjusts accord-ingly in its underlying technology and design, isthe one that provides the natural choice forsecurity and peace of mind.


PROGRESS WITH FIRE-RESISTANT GLASSFIRE-RESISTANT GLASS

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Range of application The use of fire-resistant glass is now extensive,providing plenty of options. Interior applicationsinclude vision panels, full glass doors and doorsets,large area glazed partitions or separating walls,and privacy glazing with integral blind systems.Even some fire-resistant glazed sliding doorsystems are available. For the older heritage build-ing, secondary fire-resistant glazing systems maybe appropriate to provide the fire protection func-tion whilst preserving the character of the originalcasements. The widespread use of atria in designshas also led to some interesting fire-resistant solu-tions, especially in the side glazing for major atriato prevent fire break out from the adjoining roomslooking out into the atrium. The latest innovationis integral load-bearing fire-resistant glass floors inone composite structure – which critically requireinsulation fire-resistant glass to limit heat transferinto the structure and preserve structural stability.

External applications include not only thevertical façade elements to minimise the risk of firetransfer to adjacent buildings or escape ways, butalso composite overhead glazings for horizontal orinclined roof applications to allow the maximumlight penetration into the building, also fulfillingthe safety requirements for overhead. The designernow has many available options to realise innova-tive and open design without compromising firesafety (whilst providing other critical functionssuch as energy efficiency, security and acousticcomfort). One of the most important and growingapplications is the use of external fire-resistantglazing to prevent fire movement outside thebuilding, since break out followed by break in onadjacent levels is especially one of the most sensi-tive fire risks for the tall and complex buildingsthat now dominate city skylines.

The future: risk and intelligent designThe risk-based approach to fire safety design isbecoming more popular as an alternative toprescription. Complex and individual buildingdesigns call for fire safety design tailored to suitthe building’s occupancy profile, performancespecification and layout. If prescriptive regulatory

guidance is to be sidelined more and more byexpert judgment and functional design then it iseven more critical that products and technologiesare clearly understood.

Fire-resistant glass cannot be treated generically.And relying just on a single fire test, or a limitedrange, is not enough. Each fire-resistant glassneeds to be evaluated on its own merits. Risk canonly be properly evaluated, and related to real fireconditions, if the failure mode is taken intoaccount in specification decision making. Thatmeans using a robust and resilient fire-resistantglass technology, one that has an inherentlyreliable and repeatable function. If seeking to limitrisk and minimise uncertainty in real fires is theway forward, then there needs to be a greaterfocus on behaviour under real fire conditions andless of a tendency to take products just at facevalue. IFP


PROGRESS WITH FIRE-RESISTANT GLASSFIRE-RESISTANT GLASS

P. 37-40 Glazing 19/8/09 2:05 pm Page 40


FIA COMMENT

But closer to home while talking to an FIAmember on the ‘phone the other week herepeatedly said that he was losing business to

people that ‘shine and sign’. In North America‘shining and signing’ describes the process wherecelebrities show up to a convention or at a booklaunch to radiate their personalities and then tosign autographs. Now try as I might I could notsee how this process related to the servicing ofportable fire extinguishers in the northeast ofEngland. I guess you do get radiant heat from afire but I’ve never yet seen a conflagration place itssignature into a small notebook!

Not wanting to show my ignorance I let thiscomment go several times and then felt that I hadno alternative but to ask him to explain the term.My telephone friend then patiently explained tome that ‘shine and sign’ refers to those unscrupu-lous fire protection maintenance companies whoseoperatives believe that the servicing of a fireextinguisher involves the removal of a yellowduster from their bag to be followed by a biro. The former is used to wipe the dust off of theextinguisher while the latter is used to sign the appropriate paperwork as evidence that theproper level of servicing has been carried out.

I will not bore you with detail but to ‘shine andsign’ misses out 99.999999% of the BritishStandard which deals with portable fire extinguishermaintenance!

So how do these ‘shiners and signers’ get awaywith it? Well they trade upon the ignorance of thecustomer hoping that they will never be caught, arisky business when you consider that a fireextinguisher is a pressure vessel that could serious-ly injure its operator in the event of a malfunctionthat could have been brought on flawed or lackingmaintenance procedures. But do they care? Ofcourse not, they have little or no regard for peoples’safety or to the standard of business ethics thatgoes with the operation of a proper business.

Unfortunately the ‘shiner and signer’ in portablefire extinguisher maintenance has his/her peers inother parts of the fire protection industry. Indeedthere are incompetent people in all walks of life asare there people that will defraud their customersby knowingly providing a deficient service and/orproduct.

So how do you remove the risk of inadvertentlyhaving a ‘signer and shiner’ or his/her peer carry

out work for you on your premises? Well simplyput you should ask that anybody that designs,installs or maintains fire protection equipmentprove their competence. Indeed under UK firelegislation all fire protection provided will besubject to maintenance and will be installed andmaintained by a ‘competent person’. A person isto be regarded as competent where he/she hassufficient training and experience or knowledgeand other qualities to enable him/her properly toassist in undertaking the preventive and protectivemeasures.

For the UK’s commercial buildings fire legislationplaces the onus of the fire safety in buildings onthe shoulders of the Responsible Person and themain enforcing body will be the local fire andrescue authority. Thus the Responsible Personshould make sure that the people that work uponthe fire protection measures in his/her buildingshould be competent or the wrath or worse of thelocal fire and rescue authority will be incurred.

How may this competence be ascertained? Wella good start would be to ask the person inquestion to provide evidence with regard to theircompetency in the form of attendance at arelevant training course and/or membership of anappropriate competency scheme. If they can’tprovide this then contact should be made withtheir employer and the same questions asked ofthem. This process will at least make the employerthink about the needs of the end user and shouldscare off any ‘signers and shiners!

I’m looking forward to learning more newterms in the fire industry, my hope being that theynot deal with the bad parts of the business butwith its ability to ‘leverage best practice’ so thatthe ‘low hanging fruit’ of ‘continuous professionaldevelopment’ may be enjoyed by all – now that’scertainly enough jargon for one day! IFP

By Wilf Butcher

‘Shine and sign’ – Jargon with possible deadlyconsequences!!Every trade has its jargon and as a fire protection linguist I thought that I hadcome across most of the polite (and rude!) phrases by now. Indeed my internetfire protection translator is peopled with temporary files that contain the mostwonderful examples of literary excess, for example did you know that a ‘A BigYellow McLeod’ in the USA is a bulldozer working on a fire, while in Australia a‘Sponcom’ is a fire from gas issuing from a mining operation?

P. 41 FIA comment 19/8/09 2:05 pm Page 41

IWMA IFP39 p42 13/8/09 9:02 am Page 1

Spraying water mist nozzle on a ship


WATER MIST

The topic was discussed in IFP earlier in theyear and the need for full scale fire testing inorder to reach the necessary level of knowl-

edge and expertise before a water mist systemshould be installed for certain applications wasemphasized. In the ideal case – if test protocols areavailable – the tests should result in officialapproval, with testing witnessed by an authorityhaving jurisdiction.

The crucial point is that obtained test results forspecific applications or specific enclosure volumescan not automatically be applied to differentscenarios. The result would be either supported byadditional fire testing for bigger enclosure volumesor one is able to generate a formula that tells uswhich parameters of the systems have to beadjusted if the enclosure volume for example isdoubled.

Therefore, one of the important questions in thefuture will be if and how scaling rules can be appliedto water mist systems. Scaling rules will not be ableto replace full scale fire tests. However, scaling rules– based on the investigation of real fire test data –could help to reduce the cost for testing and, there-fore, the overall system costs to some extent.

BackgroundThe International Maritime Organization hasaddressed the subject during one of its Fire Protec-

tion Subcommittee meetings. If an appropriatescaling rule can be found for machinery spaces onships the approved enclosure volume could beenlarged. The discussion last year was postponeddue to the lack of sufficient data and IWMAoffered to carry out a research program on thissubject with the aim to document the possibility toscale the effects of water mist into larger volumes.The existence of a significant set of data for firetests carried out in smaller and bigger machineryspaces enabled IWMA to begin with the analysis.The objective has been to develop a scaling rulethat is verified by the test data set.

Physical scalingScaling of the effect of a water mist system fromone volume to another can be carried out byphysical scaling rules, keeping non-dimensionalcharacteristics numbers constant. The main scalingscheme used in fire modeling is Froude NumberModeling (see reference 3). If Froude Number ispreserved at different scales, the development oftemperature and gas species will be similar inspace, with a defined time scale. This approachcan be utilized when predicting the temperaturedevelopment inside a compartment, knowing thefire size. Froude Number Modeling is basically asimplification.

When scaling one test fire into a larger

Ragnar Wighus

On behalf of IWMA

Need for fullscale fire testingThe International Water Mist Association has recently published a position paperand addressed the reservations by IWMA if the design of water mist systems isbased on computer simulations only.

P. 43-44 Water Mist 19/8/09 2:06 pm Page 43

compartment, different approaches can be taken.Keeping the same fire size and increasing thevolume will for example influence the time scale ofthe temperature in the volume. On the contrary, tokeep similar time scale for the conditions inside anenclosure, the fire size has to be scaled with thelength scale. All dimensions of a compartment areto be included in physical scaling.

The ceiling height, however, is supposed to beconstant in this case. The IMO regulations allow atpresent for scaling up to twice the volume, in casescientifically based scaling rules are accepted bythe organization, by keeping the ceiling heightconstant. This is not in line with Froude NumberScaling, and leaves a challenge to physical scaling.

Analysis of test resultsThe current test protocol IMO 1165 includes alarge variety of fire scenarios. Larger and smallerfires, spray and pool fires as well as shielded firesare part of the test program. The test fires have tobe extinguished within 15 min. For the purpose ofqualifying the scaling scheme, manufacturers ofwater mist systems have provided test results fromsuch tests. Finally, a total of 105 tests have beenutilized for the investigation. Both low-pressureand high-pressure systems are presented in thedatabase for comparison.

It was found during the analysis that the timescale based on Froude Number Similarity is validfor the time history of temperatures and concen-trations of species inside the room. Increasing theroom size by keeping the same fire size, as it isdone in the test series leads to a slower tempera-ture rise inside the room, and possibly also in theobjects inside the room.

It is clearly seen that the temperature increasesmore rapidly in the smaller room than in the larger.In several cases the peak temperature measured athigh levels are significantly higher when the watermist system is activated in the smaller room.

The analysis of the tests with mock-up revealedthat the heat up of the mock-up at the measuredpositions, one at the side facing the concealedspray fire, and one at the pipe at the top of themock-up, are moderate in both room sizes. Thetemperature increase in the larger room is higherfor the thermocouple on the side facing theconcealed spray and the pool fire on the bilgeplate, indicating that the fire is continuing longer

in the larger room. This is also reflecting the longertime to extinguish.

If the horizontal room size is doubled by keep-ing the ceiling height and the fire sizes constant,the main tendency will be that the reservoir offresh air is more than doubled (water applicationrate is doubled as well). This will lead to a longertime before the oxygen depletion inside the roomwill occur. If distance from doorway to the testfires is kept constant, the influence of the fresh airsupply from the doorway will be approximatelysimilar, only differing by the reduced flow of airdue to possible less temperature differencebetween upper and lower pat of the enclosure.

At true time from the start, temperature insidethe enclosure will be lower at locations away fromthe fire source, as the combustion products willdilute into larger volume. Gas concentrations andthe concentration of smoke particles will followthe pattern of temperature. The concentration ofoxygen will then be higher.

With respect to the door opening of 2 x 2 m inthe test, the current test procedures in IMO Circ.1165 allow water mist nozzles to be positioned inan overhead position only, and the room isequipped with this door opening. This has beenconsidered as a safety factor. The door openingcan also be seen to represent additional air froman increased room volume. In this case, the realinstalled water mist systems have already beentested in a larger room volume. In a case wherethe door opening is closed, one should expect thattime to extinguishment is decreased in comparisonwith the test cases.

Another safety factor to installed water mistsystems is the required duration of fresh watersupply, 30 minutes. This is twice the maximumrequired time for extinguishing the test fires.

ConclusionIWMA recommends that the International MaritimeOrganization allows the installation of a system inan enclosure of twice the volume for which thewater mist system was tested for, based on FroudeNumber similarity and the test results provided byIWMA. These results are valid for low- and high-pressure water mist systems. The ceiling height isconsidered to be unchanged. To compensate for apossible longer duration of small remaining fires inobstructed places, it is suggested that the durationof water supply is increased to 45 minutes in thecase of twice the room size.

The results of the research work were presentedduring the last Fire Protection Subcommitteemeeting in London, will be considered during thenext meeting in early 2010 and are available forinterested parties. The detailed report of the work can be requested by contacting the IWMAoffice.

References1 Ragnar Wighus: Scaling of Fire Suppression Charac-teristics in Machinery Spaces. 8. International WaterMist Conference, Copenhagen, 17–18 September20082 Ragnar Wighus: Scaling of Fire Suppression Charac-teristics in Machinery Spaces – Report, March 20093 Hong-Zeng (Bert) Yu: Experimental Evaluation ofFroude-Modeling-Based Scaling Relationships for Water Mist Suppression of Enclosure Fires. 8. Inter-national Water Mist Conference, Copenhagen, 17–18September 2008

IFP


NEED FOR FULL SCALE FIRE TESTINGWATER MIST

InternationalWater MistConference 2009

The forthcomingInternational Water MistConference 2009 will takeplace this year in London,United Kingdom, fromSeptember 23–24.

The conference is open toanybody and will be anexcellent opportunity forthose responsible forselecting fire protection toextend the knowledgeabout water misttechnology.

The conference will be heldpartly at the London HiltonPaddington Hotel and theBuilding ResearchEstablishment (BRE). Fullscale fire demonstrationswill give particularlynewcomers the possibilityto see water mist systemsin action. Interested partiescan find more informationabout the conference suchas the program on the webpage of IWMAwww.iwma.net

Fire Test set up formachinery spaces withmock-up according tothe IMO test protocol

P. 43-44 Water Mist 19/8/09 2:06 pm Page 44


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By Jeremy Hodge

CE

BASEC FORUM

The British Approvals Service for Cables(BASEC) is a recognised sign of assurance ofindependent cable testing and approval.

A non-profit making Government-nominatedbody, BASEC has for more than 30 years been amark of reassurance to those specifying cable.

A leader in product certification services forelectrical cables, data and signal cables and ancil-lary products, BASEC has a reputation for quality,clarity and ensuring safety in cables.

All products are rigorously tested to meetnecessary and appropriate British, European andinternational standards through detailed examina-tion of manufacturers’ production processes andcontrols, and regular product testing.

As outlined below, BASEC offers a wide rangeof services in product approvals and certification,systems assessment and certification, auditing forprocess capability in cable making and indepen-dent testing and reporting in the event ofdisputes.

Product approvals – manufacturers submit eachcable type put forward for BASEC approval for afull range of tests to check the products complywith national and international standards. Onlyafter BASEC has also verified that a cable manu-facturer has the facilities, processes and the capa-bility to make good cable is a license awarded,permitting the manufacturer to display the BASECmark on their products. Each approved cable isthen regularly retested by BASEC to ensureongoing conformity.

Systems assessment and certification – hereBASEC operates individual or integrated manage-ment system assessment schemes, leading to thecompany issuing management systems certifica-tion. The BASEC schemes are designed to assessan organisation’s general ability to produce goodsand services consistently to specification andcustomer requirements, in a safe manner and withdue regard to environmental needs.

They include:● Quality management systems to ISO 9001● Environmental management systems to ISO

14001● Health & Safety management systems to

OHSAS 18001Audits where more than one of these is

employed may be conducted individually or on anintegrated basis.

Certificate of Assessed Design – BASEC offers aCertificate of Assessed Design for new conceptswhere no national or international standard yetexists. In this instance a manufacturer’s oruser’s/other specification may be used as the base-line specification, which BASEC may review toensure that current industry requirements, e.g.particular test methods, are incorporated asappropriate.

Independent testing and reporting in the event

of disputes – this enables an interested party tohave a cable independently tested. This serviceallows reports to be issued regarding a cable andits conformity to a specification, but no right touse a BASEC mark is awarded. Forensic investiga-tion can often assist in cases of cable failure or forproduct selection.

BASEC approves to many national andinternational cable standardsBASEC offers product approval to a wide variety of cable standards, and also offers bespokeapprovals for products where standards do not yetexist.

The main group of standards BASEC approvesto are British cable standards. These include BS 6004, BS 6231, BS 6500, BS 7211, BS 5467, BS 6724, BS 6622, BS 7629-1, BS 5839-1 andmany others.

BASEC also offers approval to European (CENELEC, harmonized) standards, to international(IEC) standards, and to sector standards (e.g. TIA).BASEC can also approve to other nationalstandards, such as Irish, Malaysian, etc. BASEC is a member of the HAR scheme for harmonizedcables made in Europe.

All BASEC approvals follow the sameapproach. Each approved product is subjectto a high level of product testing, manufacturingassessment and ongoing surveillance, in accor-dance with BASEC’s scheme rules and regulations.

Who tests the cables?BASEC employs a number of laboratories toconduct testing of cables, to ensure the productssent to us undergo fully independent testprocedures using the latest equipment andtechnology.

In support of this, the BASEC’s assessors makevisits to clients and prospective clients’ manu-facturing plants to monitor the whole process.Only by checking processes at first hand can we

All you need to kn oIn this special ‘profile’ feature International Fire Protection tells you everythingyou need to know about BASEC. What does the organisation do and whyshould you have BASEC approved cabling?

P. 46-47 Basec 19/8/09 2:07 pm Page 46

ensure that systems are inherently reachingrelevant standards.

It is also possible for BASEC assessors to witnesstesting at manufacturers’ premises where suitablefacilities are available.

BASEC’s assessors are highly skilled, experiencedengineers and auditors who possess extensive in-depth commercial and industrial knowledge.

They have a reputation for being highly pro-fessional and rigorous and are responsible forapproving BASEC’s highly respected certification.They need to be fully aware of the latest standardsand test criteria and what they mean in the UK,across Europe and worldwide.

Only cable marked with the “BASEC”name is BASEC approvedIt is a common misunderstanding that a cable iscompliant with standards or even BASEC approvedjust because the supplier claims that it has beenproduced to a particular standard.

Cable marked with only a standard numbershould be treated with caution. It is probable thatnobody independent of the manufacturer hasexamined that cable, and the claims made may beunreliable. Only cable marked with the “BASEC”name is BASEC approved, by demonstrating itscompliance to the required standards.

Cable standards not only specify the dimensionsand materials of a cable, they also require that arange of specific tests are undertaken to prove the construction and performance. Many non-approved cables have not been subject to therequired tests.

What’s the difference between BASECand BSI?The British Standards Institution (BSI) is the bodywhich co-ordinates the writing of standards forcables and other electrical and electronic systemsin the UK. BASEC works closely with BSI’s cablecommittees in the development of standards.

For example, it is responsible for drawing up astandard for a specific reason, say to ensure a cable meets certain fire performance criteria and how it needs to perform in the event of a realfire.

Assessors from BASEC will then ensure that thecables which manufacturers would like to beapproved as meeting that standard do, in fact,achieve the standards’ criteria through testing theproduct and the manufacturing process. IFP


ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT BASECBASEC FORUM

n ow about BASEC10 good reasons forspecifying BASEC approvedcable1. Comprehensive – BASEC conducts tests and

approvals to all specifications and standards inthe electrical sector.

2. Fit-for-purpose – quite simply, by specifyingBASEC-approved cable you know it will be fit forpurpose. Our auditors follow rigorous test andcompliance protocols of the product andprocesses throughout the manufacturing cycle.

3. Safety – certification ensures safety for the sup-plier, distributor and the end user, removing pos-sible issues further down the line. BASECapproved cables are rigorously tested for shock,compression damage and insulation strength.They are better quality and carry a lower risk ofreceiving shock or a fire starting as a result ofaccidental damage during installation.

4. Quality – BASEC approved cable is always man-ufactured under an approved quality manage-ment system to BASEC’s Product CertificationRequirements, ensuring continuity of high quali-ty levels. Auditing and assessment can also leadto certification to international standards, ISO9001 (Quality), ISO 14001 (Environment) andOHSAS 18001 (Health and Safety).

5. Endorsement – specifiers are always lookingfor third party approval of products and there isno higher level of approval than the BASECmark.

6. Cost – the difference in cost between cablesthat carry the BASEC mark and those that don’tmay not be much, but it is a small price to payfor reassurance.

7. Marketing – organisations may apply for alicence to display the BASEC mark on their prod-ucts once BASEC has verified that the productsfully comply with specification. We are also partof the Voltimum internet portal representing theEuropean electrical industry, playing an activepart in providing expert advice and comment.

8. Testing – independent testing ensures compli-ance to specification and relevant standards andis used to help provide evidence-based reportingwhere required.

9. Monitoring – through rigorous examination ofmanufacturing processes and controls – andongoing follow-up – BASEC ensures that prod-ucts meet appropriate national or internationalstandards.

10. Communication – as an independent body,BASEC communicates with the electrical supplyindustry on behalf of members through its web-site, bulletins, seminars, industry bodies and themedia. We are always happy to answer technicalenquiries and discuss any questions people haveabout cables.

The British Standards

Institution (BSI) is the body

which co-ordinates the writing

of standards for cables and

other electrical and electronic

systems in the UK.

P. 46-47 Basec 19/8/09 2:07 pm Page 47


WATERMIST

Home, in whatever form it takes, is still theplace we are most likely to be at risk from afire, as the latest figures from the Depart-

ment of Homeland Security’s Federal EmergencyManagement Agency’s US Fire Administration bearout. They show that, in 2007, fires in residentialbuildings accounted for approximately 84 percentof all fire deaths in the USA, and 79 percent ofcivilian injuries. In that year, there were 414,000reported residential fires, 2,895 related deaths and14,000 injuries, costing the US a direct loss of$7,546 million.

It will probably come as no surprise to learnthat, according to a report prepared in the UK bythe BRE (Building Research Establishment) for theDepartment of Communities and Local Govern-ment, cooking fires are commonplace. In the USAthey account for 26 percent of all residential fires.Other causes cited in the BRE report include:unattended ignited candles; discarded matches orcigarettes; faulty electrical items; and overloaded

plugs or faulty circuit breakers. Of course, the term “residential” covers a

multitude of different building types. In addition toconventional family homes, the term embraceshouses in multiple occupation (HMO), apartments,hotels, motels, dormitories, and boarding houses.It also includes what is probably the highest riskenvironment – residential care homes, where theremay be only a few staff available to assist elderlyresidents to escape at night. Such vulnerable resi-dents may need to be woken up, easily becomedisorientated, may be elderly or infirm, could wellbe under the influence of prescription drugs, andneed one-on-one assistance to evacuate thebuilding.

It is in this type of environment that a watermistsystem has the most to contribute towards lifesafety. They also have a major role to play in resi-dential buildings where safe evacuation is possibleonly via lengthy escape routes, where the buildinghas reduced fire separation or compartmentation,

By John Allen

EMEA MarketingDirector at Tyco FireSuppression & BuildingProducts

Watermist helps re sfire challenges

The alarming frequency of fires in residential buildings around the world isincreasing the awareness of the contribution that watermist systems can maketo life safety in these high risk environments. John Allen explains, and describesthe latest system launched by Tyco specifically to improve life safety in theresidential and care homes markets.

P. 48-50 Tyco Aquamist 19/8/09 2:08 pm Page 48

or where fire and rescue service access to thebuilding may be restricted.

Anatomy of a watermist systemIn essence, there are two types of watermistsystem. High-pressure watermist systems arestand-alone solutions best suited to the protectionof an enclosed space or specific asset, such as apaint spray booth or piece of production equip-ment. Low-pressure watermist systems, on theother hand, are designed to use small amounts ofwater for fire control in open areas and so are anappropriate choice for escape ways and exit routesin residential premises. Both work on the principleof using the thermal energy generated by a fire toconvert ultra-minute water droplets into steam –100-micron droplets, for example, take only0.0006 seconds to convert to steam – to providerapid and effective fire suppression. On discharge,the water absorbs heat when raising the tempera-ture of the water to 100°C; it absorbs even moreheat when evaporating that water into steam. Theevaporated water expands in volume by a factorof 1620:1.

So, they use very small amounts of water toachieve suppression and control, which nowadaysis a particularly significant consideration, as manygovernments are endeavouring to reduce waterusage. This also reduces the space required forwater storage, which may well be an importantconsideration for an installation in a small residen-tial care home.

Another “green” factor in their favour is that,at a time when concerns over global warming andatmospheric contamination are high on many

specifiers’ and end users’ agenda, the use of wateras a suppressant tops the environmentally accept-able league table. It also means that watermistsystems are suitable for occupied areas. In fact,watermist systems can aid the suppression of toxinsand smoke from the atmosphere by what is knownas “smoke scrubbing” that also prevents smokedamage and exposure to the building’s occupants.

New AquaMist® ULF systemAquaMist® Ultra Low Flow has been introduced byTyco Fire Suppression & Building Products as an

extension to its existing range of fire protectionsprinkler products. While watermist systemsshould not be seen as direct replacements forproven fire suppression sprinkler systems, they domake a valuable contribution to life safety inresidential fire protection installations.

The system is designed to provide enhancedlife-safety protection for LH (Light Hazard) residen-tial and OH3 (Ordinary Hazard) light commercialhazards as defined in BS EN 12845:2004 (Fixedfire fighting systems, automatic sprinkler systems,

design, installation and maintenance). In additionto residential buildings it is, therefore, also suitablefor schools and other similar hazards.

AquaMist Ultra Low Flow combines the ease,simplicity and dependability of conventionalsprinkler systems with the greatly reduced watersupply requirements of watermist systems. Usinginnovative micro-droplet water pressure technol-ogy to deliver an enhanced watermist per-formance, AquaMist Ultra Low Flow uses nearly70 percent less water. It requires a higher pressurethan a normal sprinkler system, but without the


WATERMIST HELPS RESOLVE RESIDENTIAL FIRE CHALLENGESWATERMIST

e solve residential

They use very small amounts of water to achieve suppression

and control, which nowadays is a particularly significant

consideration, as many governments are endeavouring to

reduce water usage. This also reduces the space required for

water storage, which may well be an important consideration

for an installation in a small residential care home.


need for extremely high water pressures and theexotic components used by some watermistsystems.

It is a fully engineered delivery system that com-prises a preassembled fire pump that is sized forthe system pressure and flow requirements, a fire-pump controller, alarm-check valve cabinet and allof the other ancillary components necessary toensure efficient, trouble-free installation. This pre-assembled system supply unit requires only apower supply for the control cabinet and pumpcontroller, and an adequate water supply piped tothe pump-supply piping inlet. A wide selection of

piping materials can be used, including the recentlyintroduced Grinnell® G-Press® and even CPVC(Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride) engineeredthermoplastic piping material.

With AquaMist Ultra Low Flow, the mist isachieved at a nozzle pressure of between 7bar(102psi) and 17.2bar (250psi) – depending on thetype of nozzle that is selected – and a water appli-cation density as low as 1.5l/m2 (litres per squaremetre) compared with as much as 4l/m2 to 5l/m2

for a conventional sprinkler system. This allowspipe diameters and system weight to be reduced,which leads to easier installation, lower installationcosts and substantially lower water usage.

On discharge, AquaMist Ultra Low Flowdroplets have the required momentum to

penetrate the fire plume, making direct contactwith the fire in much the same way as a con-ventional water sprinkler system. At the sametime, some of the droplets are dragged into thecombustion zone where they vaporise, absorbingenergy, displacing oxygen and reducing the heatoutput of the fire. Finally, the large surface area ofthe small droplets that are not directly exposed tothe fire provide extremely efficient pre-wetting,smoke layer cooling and radiation blocking to helpensure that the fire does not grow or spread.

Much of the system’s appeal comes from thefact that AquaMist Ultra Low Flow limits the

growth of a fire at an early stage and as it is devel-oping, but before it can reach a mature stage. Thesignificant reduction in water run-off and damageto the protected space and its contents, coupledwith much easier clean-up has added to itsimmediate end-user interest.

AquaMist Ultra Low Flow system layout andhydraulic design is provided by Tyco Fire Sup-pression & Building Products trained installationcontractors, where system pressures, equipmenttype and nozzle selection is determined using theunique Tyco SprinkCAD® design software. Thenew system is available only through fully trainedand approved distributors, and their installationscarry a full AquaMist Ultra Low Flow ten-yearwarranty. IFP


WATERMIST HELPS RESOLVE RESIDENTIAL FIRE CHALLENGESWATERMIST

John Allen is EMEAMarketing Director at TycoFire Suppression & BuildingProducts. More information isavailable by telephone on+44 (0) 161 875 0402, by faxon +44 (0) 161 875 0493, or via email [email protected]

On discharge, AquaMist Ultra Low Flow droplets have the

required momentum to penetrate the fire plume, making

direct contact with the fire in much the same way as a

conventional water sprinkler system. At the same time, some

of the droplets are dragged into the combustion zone where

they vaporise, absorbing energy, displacing oxygen and

reducing the heat output of the fire.


Tyco Fire Suppression & Building ProductsUnit 6, Westpoint Enterprise Park, Clarence AvenueTrafford Park, Manchester, United Kingdom, M17 1QSTel +44 (0) 161 875 0402Fax +44 (0) 161 875 0493Email [email protected]

www.tyco-fsbp.com

For all enquiries please quote: 101�

● Fire protection & Life Safety watermist solutions● Residential & hotel installations● Simple to install, easy to use● Lightweight pipe: CPVC or G-Press® ● Installation contractor designed systems● Full AquaMist support● Approved/trained installer channel access

Contact us for more product or installer information

Protecting our most valuable assets

AquaMist™ Ultra Low Flow watermist systems & solutionsTyco’s FS&BP division is the world’s #1 sprinkler products manufacturer; our products protect buildings and property all around the world.

We know sprinklers work and we know why they work. We also know that sometimes you have the chance to go one step further...

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RETRO FITTING

As an international entertainment venue in constant use, gaining access for refurbishment or essential maintenance can be diffi-

cult. This is further compounded by restrictionsdue to its status as a Grade I listed building. Inaddition, the venue is a registered charity andoperates without any public subsidy so any expen-diture must be carefully planned.

A somewhat piecemeal approach to buildingmaintenance in the past had led to a number ofdifferent fire detection systems being installed overtime. These included a twenty-five year old con-ventional system, a radio system, an analogueaddressable system with five networked panelsand a separate sprinkler system.

The conventional system was unreliable due toage, and the need to replace it presented theopportunity to fully review the fire protection

across the whole site. In line with current legalrequirements, a fire risk assessment was carriedout. As a result, it was decided that there was aneed for a single fire detection system. Theproposed expenditure was significant so TomScullane, Building Services Development Managerat the Royal Albert Hall, carried out research toensure that the best possible solution was found.

“We knew the existing fire protection hadissues that needed to be resolved,” says Tom.“None of the systems were really compatible, sotrying to reset them in sequence after an incidentwas a real chore.

“Even on an everyday basis, staff had to learnand remember how to reset the system afteractivation – it was unnecessarily confusing to use.We wanted to be confident that whatever solutionwe arrived at, it would provide us with a reliable

By Rowland Davies

Marketing ServicesManager, Apollo FireDetectors Limited

Working in concertto deliver fireprotection to theRoyal Albert HallLondon’s Royal Albert Hall is one of the most recognisable concert venues in theworld. Opened in 1871 by Queen Victoria, it hosts over 350 performances everyyear. These include not only classical and popular music concerts, but also eventsas diverse as tennis tournaments and an audience with the Dalai Lama.

P. 53-55 Retro Fitting 19/8/09 2:10 pm Page 53

and flexible fire system that was simple to use andwould be future-proof.”

Having made detailed enquiries regarding differ-ent technology options, the closed system approachwas dismissed as being too restrictive and costly.The Royal Albert Hall team then started the processof finding a company that could help them developan open protocol fire detection system.

Building the teamLeader Systems LLP first became involved on theproject in June 2007. The company has a reputa-tion as a fire systems house that is able to deliverlarge, complicated projects on time and to budget.Even so, the client wanted to be certain that thecompany fully understood the challenges involved.A series of discussions followed, during whichLeader Systems recommended a system based onan open digital protocol to give the venue theflexibility and future-proofing it required.

Fact-finding trips were arranged so that theclient could meet the preferred manufacturers –Advanced Electronics (control panel) and ApolloFire Detectors (devices). The two companies wereable to demonstrate the proposed technology’scapabilities at first hand, including ease of installa-tion and a PC-based graphics system. The clientwas also shown a monitoring tool which enablesauthorised users to remotely log into the fire net-work, receive email notification of any fires, faultsand disablements, isolate devices and notify therelevant departments or users.

Working in partnership, Leader Systems andAdvanced Electronics discussed the problems likelyto occur during installation and day-to-day opera-tion, including nuisance events and false alarms. Inaddition to the use of a PC-based graphics system,a suggestion was made about monitoring the firesystem. This requirement was met using new IPGateway technology from Advanced Electronics.

The strong partnerships between the fire detec-tion companies clearly impressed the managementteam at the Royal Albert Hall. Leader Systems wasappointed to undertake the design, installationand commissioning of the new fire detection

system in July 2007. The technical requirements were agreed by

mid-September and Leader Systems delivered afire system strategy at the beginning of October. Itincluded a clear methodology for removal andreplacement of the fire equipment, so that theclient understood exactly what would happen andwhen. It also illustrated how the fire detection pro-ject would correspond with restricted access timesdue to other essential refurbishment work takingplace around the building.

Meeting client requirementsLeader Systems recommended an intelligent firedetection system based on Apollo’s open digitalprotocol to overcome the historical issues withoperation, performance and ongoing maintenance.

Having used Apollo-based fire systems verysuccessfully for many years, Leader Systems wasconfident in specifying their open digital protocol.Because it is used by a large number of product andpanel manufacturers, Apollo protocol gives freedomof choice and doesn’t tie the client to a singlecompany or range of fire detection products, so itwas a perfect choice for the Royal Albert Hall.

The system design centres around a standardnetwork of six four-loop Advanced Electronicscontrol panels. To meet the need for a single pointof information, a graphics package that enablesstaff to pinpoint any incidents on the ground plansof the building was specified – a much more user-friendly interface than the multiple system panelsit replaces. Leader and Advanced also collaboratedon the development of a bespoke mimic panelthat indicates damper activation as a result of analarm.

Apollo’s Discovery and XPander ranges of firedetectors were chosen to meet the environmentaland architectural demands of the Royal Albert Hall.The Discovery range of intelligent fire detectorsmeets several key client demands: proven reliabilityin the field, adaptability to changing conditionsand protection against unwanted alarms. Leaderspecified these devices for the majority of thebuilding.


Wireless fire detectorsprovide protection inthe Royal Albert Hall’sfamous domed roof

RETRO FITTING


However, there are some areas where hard-wired devices could not be installed, such as theceiling of the auditorium. For these areas, XPanderwireless fire detectors were specified. Thesedevices are fully compatible with the intelligent firesystem and simply connect to the control panel viaan interface, which is wired to the loop. They arethen recognised by the control panel as anotherdetector connected to the system.

As the Royal Albert Hall is a listed building, thenew fire detection system had to use existingwiring. This raised some technical issues, whichthe choice of appropriate technology was able toovercome. For example, the original analogueaddressable fire system needed a separate soundercircuit. Apollo integral base sounders enabled useof existing wiring to replace these, creating inte-grated loops, while zone monitors and DIN-railinterfaces enabled the new fire system to interfacewith other critical equipment.

Fire system strategyThe fire system strategy split the work into fivephases. Phase 1 covered the replacement of theconventional system, including the installation of atemporary new addressable control panel tomonitor the conventional zones in the Victoriakitchen and restaurant areas – now the CodaRestaurant – where other works were under way.The temporary panel enabled this area to be linkedin permanently to the new fire system at a laterdate without loss of cover.

Phase 2 addressed the Circle area of the audi-torium, which was equipped with a conventionalsystem. This was a real challenge because the newintelligent fire system would normally have beenconfigured as loops. However, the Royal AlbertHall’s listed building status precluded any rewiring.Leader System’s solution was to use Apollo zonemonitors initially to connect existing devices to thenew analogue panel. They subsequently removedthe zone monitors once the new analogueaddressable devices were installed, connected tothe original wiring. The new system is thereforeanalogue addressable, but configured radially. Thisvariation to the British Standard was discussed andagreed with all interested parties.

There were two parts to Phase 3. Firstly, a con-tingency was built in to enable loop installation inthe Circle areas when access was possible, in casethe Phase 2 changeover using the existing wiringproved unsuccessful. Secondly, the old radiodetection system was replaced with new wirelessfire detectors. This system is installed in the domeof the roof.

The plan for Phase 4 was to replace the oldanalogue addressable system with the newintelligent system and commission all the new fireproducts. Switch-over of all the commissionedcomponents to a single system and developmentof the graphics package was scheduled in Phase 5.

Unforeseen circumstancesHowever, the best-laid plans can go awry. In June2008, as Phase 4 was due to start, the existinganalogue addressable system ceased functioning.This represented a breach of the agreed method-ology and gave the client serious concerns aboutexisting fire cover.

Following an emergency meeting, the fire systemcompanies worked together to deliver a revised

methodology that would deliver a fully compliantfire detection system. It involved the like-for-likereplacement of 19 loops of devices and five con-trol panels. There was just one snag: the originalfour-month schedule now had to be reduced tojust three weeks.

There was no room for error because any failureto meet access slots for certain areas would causehuge knock-on delays. In addition, The Promsseason was due to start on the 14th of July: andthis is not the sort of event you can cancel.

Leader Systems stationed a project managerand a technical support engineer permanently onsite, and rostered four pairs of installation andcommissioning engineers who worked to a tightschedule to ensure that the work was completedon time. They finished a day early.

Learning curveAll the companies involved on the Royal AlbertHall project have learned something from theexperience. Leader Systems now knows that, evenunder severe time constraints, they are capable ofadapting to the most extreme circumstances anddelivering on time. Advanced Electronics’ develop-ment of a bespoke damper panel and graphicsinterface proves that the latest technology can besuccessfully adapted to the needs of an historiclandmark building.

Apollo Fire Detectors, meantime, has found anew use for its wireless fire detectors. Although itisn’t a main application for them, the XPanderdevices offered a novel solution for providingtemporary fire cover in areas of the building whererefurbishment was in progress. Once work wascomplete, hard-wired devices were installed andthe wireless devices removed for use on the nextphase.

ConclusionThe client fully appreciates the unique circum-stances that the Royal Albert Hall presented andthe added value contributed by all the companiesinvolved in the fire detection project. BuildingServices Development Manager Tom Scullaneconcludes: “I needed a fire detection system thatput me in control and the combination of LeaderSystem’s design, Advanced’s control equipmentand Apollo’s open protocol gave me that.” IFP


Apollo’s wireless firedetectors helped tocomply with Grade Ilisted buildingrestrictions

WORKING IN CONCERT TO DELIVER FIRE PROTECTION TO THE ROYAL ALBERT HALLRETRO FITTING


Reliable IFP37 4/2/09 4:27 pm Page 1


SPRINKLERS

Some will say I should not comment until theinvestigations are concluded. Sadly, investiga-tions into tragic fires all too often take years

without any clear conclusions or recommendationsemerging. Two years on we are still waiting forlessons to be drawn from the fire in the PenhallowHotel in Newquay, which levelled the hotel andkilled three people; and from the fire in a vegetablepacking warehouse in Atherstone-on-Stour, whichcollapsed killing four fire-fighters. In the latter case

I am told that the owner is rebuilding withsprinklers, so someone has learnt from this fire.Unfortunately the priority for investigations seemsto be to apportion blame rather than to prevent arepeat. This approach implicitly assumes that theexisting measures are adequate; all that isnecessary is that they be followed. The problem isthus one of education and can be addressed bymanuals and drills.

While education and drills are helpful they cannot

By Alan Brinson

European Fire SprinklerNetwork

Sprinklers as aCore Fire SafetyMeasureSprinklers to upgrade fire safetyFollowing the tragic fire in Lakanal House in Camberwell on 3rd July, in which sixpeople died, many of us felt a depressing sense of failure. We knew thatsprinklers could have prevented this tragedy. We also knew that we had failed topersuade decision-makers to install sprinklers when making upgrades to firesafety while refurbishing buildings.

P. 57-59 Sprinklers 19/8/09 2:11 pm Page 57

be the first and last line of defence against fire in abuilding that is inherently unsafe. Moreover in ablock of flats housing frequently changing popula-tions they cannot be entirely effective. I hope thatthis time the enquiries consider whether sprinklerscould have made a difference. I also hope that theyare conducted in a public manner, as called for byHarriet Harman MP, so that evidence can be givenfor all to see. I know I am prejudging the conclusionbut there has never been a high-rise fire whosespread has not been prevented by a properlydesigned, installed and maintained sprinkler system.It would be remarkable if the Camberwell high-risefire were the first that could not have been con-trolled by a sprinkler system.

Today fire safety experts, including those work-ing for the government, agree that sprinklerswork. Rather, the discussion is about cost and theeconomic case in terms of lives saved. The cost tofit a sprinkler system in an existing block of flats isabout £1,000-£2,000 per flat, with the expecta-tion that it would be at the lower end of thisrange. Over the lifetime of the sprinkler systemthis works out to about £1 per week, includingmaintenance. For a typical hotel room it would beabout 30-40p per night, which is much less than apacket of peanuts from the minibar. By contrast Iam told that the cost to replace the lifts in a high-rise building, which must be done periodicallywhereas the sprinkler system only needs to beinstalled once, is £6,000 per flat. Sprinkler retrofitcan be done and has been done in many high-risebuildings in the UK. Clearly it is important that asprinkler system is properly maintained but main-tenance costs are low and critical componentssuch as pumps and valves are in areas locked frompublic access where they can be tested withoutdisruption to the residents of the building. Withinthe flats themselves all that is needed is a visualcheck of the sprinklers.

Research carried out by the BRE for the govern-ment earlier this decade found an economic casefor fitting sprinklers in blocks of flats higher thanten storeys. Consequently in the last change toApproved Document B, which took effect in April2007, sprinklers were introduced as a requirementfor blocks of flats with a floor higher than 30m. IfLakanal House were built today it would be fittedwith sprinklers. Would it therefore be wise for high-rise social housing to be retrofitted with sprinklerswhen major refurbishments take place? Socialhousing is at greater risk of fire than owner-occupierhousing, so the economic case for sprinklers is evenclearer. In the United States some States and citieshave gone further and mandated the retrospectivefitting of sprinklers in all high-rise residential build-ings. They include Atlanta, Boulder, Harrisburg,Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maui, Miami Beach,Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Phoenix, Scottsdale,San Jose and Tucson. The ordinances all havelengthy deadlines so that owners have many yearsto finance and plan the work.

Sprinklers for sustainabilityCoincidentally the London mayor’s office hasrecently published a “London Housing DesignGuide” draft for public consultation. This docu-ment does not refer to fire safety but is interestedin sustainability. Fire has a role to play in sustain-ability, since a building vulnerable to fire is not, inthe long term, sustainable. The government isconsidering this question and has commissionedthe BRE to study it. First conclusions are due thisautumn. Meanwhile an insurer, FM Global, hasconsidered whether there is an environmental casefor fitting sprinklers in buildings, based purely oncarbon emissions and without including any con-sideration of toxic fire gases or fire-water run-off


SPRINKLERS


into rivers and groundwater. Using mostly publicdata it has estimated the frequency and size offires in different types of buildings, the carbonemissions with and without sprinklers, and theembodied carbon required to fit sprinklers. Thebalance is very clearly in favour of sprinklers, witheven a standard office building able to save 1-2%of its lifetime carbon emissions with the savingsbeing ten times as great as the carbon embodiedin the sprinkler system. For an industrial buildingthe savings can be as great as 14% of lifetimecarbon emissions with the savings more than 100times greater than the carbon embodied in thesprinkler system. This is a relatively painless wayfor the UK to make substantial savings in carbonemissions!

At a recent Parliamentary seminar, we learnedthat the scope of the Building Regulations hasrecently expanded to include sustainability. So iffitting sprinklers in new buildings could reduce netcarbon emissions, Approved Document B can beupdated to require them.

Sprinklers for universal designThe Norwegian government has published a pro-posal for public comment that would requiresprinklers to be fitted in all new housing of morethan two storeys, as well as in new hospitals andhealth care facilities. The rationale behind thisinitiative is to make buildings sufficiently safe for people with disabilities, consistent with the government’s policy to increase the number of residential buildings that meet the goals ofuniversal design.

In Scotland the Building Standards Division ofThe Scottish Government is investigating the costsand benefits of installing sprinklers in all newhospital buildings. Fires in hospitals cause few

deaths but they do cause huge disruption with lostoutput in terms of cancelled operations. Thisbecomes worse when equipment takes a longtime to replace. Moreover some patients’ lives canbe endangered if they are disconnected fromequipment so as to be evacuated during a fire. Adefend-in-place strategy is safer for them but onlypossible if sprinklers are fitted to make sure thefire stays small and is quickly extinguished.

Why install sprinklers?This article has given three reasons to installsprinklers. They are a way to improve fire safety inexisting buildings to an acceptable level; they are ameans to reduce net carbon emissions frombuildings; and they are a means to embrace theconcept of universal design.

There is a fourth reason, and it is to reduce thesocietal impact of fire. In recent years discussionswith the Government about whether to installsprinklers have focussed on the economic case butthe benefits have been limited to those fromsaving lives and preventing injuries. This narrowview makes it acceptable that a recent fire in an unsprinklered plastics packaging facility inLeominster should necessitate the evacuation of150 people from their homes; close road and raillinks; close five schools and colleges, some ofwhich were holding A-level examinations; andforce hundreds of local people to stay indoors withclosed windows on a hot summer’s day. All this isacceptable because, fortunately, nobody was hurt.I doubt the residents of Leominster would agree.We can do better than this. The evidence ismounting that it makes sense to fit sprinklers inmany more buildings, for a number of very goodreasons. It is time to make sprinklers a core firesafety measure. IFP


SPRINKLERS AS A CORE FIRE SAFETY MEASURESPRINKLERS


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PUMP CONTROLLERS

Manufacturers have been providing micro-processor based units for several years,and continue to work diligently to incor-

porate the latest technology into their controllerswith every new product release.

This technology transformation has resulted in arequirement for both sales and support personnel,at all levels, to continuously upgrade their knowl-edge of the ongoing changes and enhancements.Yesterday’s hands on “Mr. Fix-it” is quickly givingway to today’s “Techno-Jockey” who is completelyat ease in this ever changing environment.

Support specialists are being asked to be avail-

able at a moments notice and are required to havea solid understanding of not only the working ofthe controller, but how its’ operation affects thesystem within the pump room. It is no longeracceptable to provide technical information viaprinted page or CD –ROM’s only. Controller manu-facturers’ web sites must contain the most up todate information, so that it may be downloaded,instantly from anywhere on the globe, in multiplelanguages. Such are the requirements in today’s“techno-age”.

With today’s fire pump controllers enhanceddiagnostics, communications and data retrieval

By Rob Harris

Pump ControllerMarketing Manager,Eaton Corporation

Technologybased FirePumpControllers –ARE YOU READY?It’s been known for quite some time that technological advancements have beenfiltering down to fire pump controllers and are driving product enhancements,which can be of great benefit to the user.

P. 61-62 Pump Controllers 19/8/09 2:11 pm Page 61

features, more information is readily available atthe touch of a button, than ever before. And withthe trend towards features and functions beingincluded as standard instead of optional, supportpersonnel must be prepared to continuouslyupgrade their skill set.

Controllers can now continuously monitor allalarm and status conditions, supply on-line track-ing of events and generate not only electronicreports, but dial up text-enabled cell phones andpagers with alarm messages.

Most manufacturers have made printers, whichproduce a physical print out, an optional item,while concurrently adding communicationsoptions such as Modbus, Ethernet via RS232and/or RS485. Some have incorporated floppy diskdrives while others can download and upload datadirectly to laptops, or USB storage devices, whichallow for data transfers at a secure site away fromthe adverse conditions found in some pumprooms. Software programs and embedded webpages provide a large amount of data that can beused for troubleshooting purposes.

Once the information is gathered, the user cananalyze the data remotely in a clean, dry and safeenvironment, away from the pump room. The

ability to select and program various parameterson a laptop and send to the controller remotely ordownload via a portable storage medium isbecoming more prevalent.

With the cost of pump room space rising, bothelectric and diesel engine fire pump controllers arebeing designed to occupy less space. This hasbeen made possible, partly due to microprocessorsbeing incorporated into the units. With a micro-processor based unit, there is generally a reductionin the amount of wiring and internal componentsthat take up controller real estate, allowing for anoverall reduction in size.

Even with the large selection of controllersalready available, new designs are constantly beingintroduced to the market. Combination units thatincorporate a transfer switch and fire pump con-troller in one enclosure have emerged. As well, thedesire to keep a constant pressure in the systemhas created a need for a new type of product forboth diesel engines and electric motors.

The variable speed fire pump controller com-bines microprocessor technology with industriallyproven drives.

With all the technological advances makingtheir way into the controllers, ease of use by theuser must still be taken into account when design-ing new units. Keeping the controllers “userfriendly”, is vital. Many manufacturers are doingthis and have segmented the programming menuinto pertinent logical selection/programming areas

– making it easy for the user to select andprogram parameters in a logical, sequential way.

During commissioning, there is considerablepressure to have the controller perform efficientlywithin the confines of the pump room. Should aproblem arise, the controller must be able to beprogrammed, and troubleshooting must occurwithin a reasonable amount of time. Inability toprogram the unit will add to the frustration levelof everyone in the room. Fire protection personnelmust be prepared to attend training programs andinformation sessions to keep their skills current.Fortunately, there are a variety of sessions availablefrom industry organizations and manufacturers tochoose from.

Even though there is a substantial amount ofinformation available, it’s still what you do withthe data that’s important. Getting the data easily,analyzing it and acting upon it, is the key to betterfire protection in the future. Of what use is thetechnology and data, if it’s not utilized properly? Ifthe fire pump controller contains the ability toprovide data that can assist with life protection,but is not being used, it will be difficult to elevateit’s status to the point where it is a desiredpurchase instead of a low bid item.

What does the future hold in the evolution offire pump controllers? Will they become a slave ona network, dutifully sending information back to acentral command post, all the while standingguard, waiting for a call to start … or will theybecome the pump room master, gathering infor-mation from various other components such assmart valves, motors and engines then relayingthat information to the appropriate place? It’s any-one’s guess. Remote monitoring of controllers isalready in existence and it’s not too far fetched toimagine that Ethernet connections will becomestandard, allowing controllers to communicate toa building management or monitoring system.One thing is for certain, the next generation of firepump controller will not look anything likeyesterday’s isolated, stand alone units.

Even with all the technological advances of theproduct, it’s comforting to realize that fire pumpcontrollers are still predominantly relationshipbased purchases. People still buy from people theycan trust and rely on. That puts an increasedresponsibility on manufacturers to provide topquality service, support and training. And it’s beingdone. The industry is healthy. We’ve moved a longway in a short period of time, and even though themarket has slowed, the need for quality fire protec-tion products will never go away. We’re farremoved from the days of Henry Ford, where youcan have your fire pump controller in any color youwant – as long as it’s Red … and it meets code. IFP


TECHNOLOGY BASED FIRE PUMP CONTROLLERS – ARE YOU READY?PUMP CONTROLLERS

Even with all the technological advances of the product, it’s

comforting to realize that fire pump controllers are still

predominantly relationship based purchases. People still buy from

people they can trust and rely on. That puts an increased

responsibility on manufacturers to provide top quality service,

support and training.

P. 61-62 Pump Controllers 19/8/09 2:11 pm Page 62

7400 East 42nd Place • Tulsa, OK 74145-4744 USA • phone: (918) 627-1942 • fax: (918) 622-8916 • 1-888-OCV-VALV (628-8258) • [email protected] • www.controlvalves.com

In today’s business climate, we believe a company should be held accountable by more than just regulations and government entities. At OCV, we answer to you-the customer-and you expect a high standard, demand solutions that work, and insist on products of quality.

We also believe in longevity and commitment. Our Sales and Engineering teams o' er new talent combined with seasoned professionals for a sum of over 283 years of experience. With companies failing and economic conditions changing overnight, isn’t it nice to know you will get an answer every time you need help with an application?

OCV wants to be your partner for managing , uid application needs – large or small. OCV continues to develop its broad spectrum of technical expertise, turning . eld experience and problem solving knowledge into a re. ned o' ering of services and state-of-the-art product.

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MICRO-ENVIRONMENTS

The need for a well conceived business continu-ity plan is becoming more widely recognised inthe wake of the natural and man-made

disasters that now seem to plague the four cornersof the globe. Businesses are alert to the fact that amajor disaster – such as a fire – has the potential tofatally cripple the business. This view is borne outby the Association of Records Managers andAdministration in the USA, which states thataround 60 percent of businesses that experience amajor disaster, such as a fire, close within two years.This is further supported by statistics from the USLabour Department that show that over 40 percentof all companies that experience a disaster neverreopen, and that more than 25 percent of thosethat do reopen close within two years.

What sometimes still has to be appreciatedthough is that it is not necessarily the size of thefire that causes the organisation’s demise, but thecritical importance of the assets that the fire putsout of action, either temporarily or permanently.

The importance of these business-critical assetsis not just their cost of replacement, but in theimpact their damage or destruction can do tocontractual obligations, output, deliveries, serviceprovision and customer relations. This is particularlyso in tough economic times when competitors willexploit any shortcomings in a company’s ability todeliver goods or services and, once lost, acustomer may never be regained.

This undoubtedly accounts for the increasingnumber of electrical control cabinets that now

By Nick Grant

EMEA General Manager,Firetrace International

Key assetprotection –seeing thebigger pictureMost of the attention surrounding the protection of “micro-environments” is focused on electrical cabinets. However, while they may top the list ofapplications, electrical cabinets is just one example of mission-critical assets that need dedicated fire detection and suppression, as Nick Grant explains.

P. 65-67 Micro Environment 19/8/09 2:12 pm Page 65

have dedicated fire detection and suppressionprotection. Certainly they account for a significantpercentage of the 150,000 FIRETRACE® installa-tions that Firetrace International has suppliedaround the world.

So, how do these systems work? FIRETRACE,for example, is a self-contained solution thatrequires neither electricity nor external power, andis activated automatically around-the-clock with-out the need for manual activation or monitoring,and requires virtually no maintenance. It comprisesan extinguishing agent cylinder that is attached to proprietary FIRETRACE Detection Tubing via acustom-engineered valve. This leak-resistant poly-mer tubing is a linear pneumatic heat and flamedetector that is designed to deliver the desiredtemperature-sensitive detection and delivery char-acteristics. It is routed throughout the areas to beprotected and, when the tubing is exposed to heatand radiant energy from a fire, it ruptures andinstantly directs the suppression agent at thesource of the fire.

The provision of electrical power is, of course, afundamental requirement of virtually every busi-ness. But, electrical cabinets are not the only assetsthat need to be safeguarded and the list expandsas companies in every market sector becomeaware of their dependence on core pieces ofequipment. Today this list includes: IT server enclo-sures, UPS equipment, cable trays and remotetelecommunications applications; bus and vehicleengine and generator compartments; on-shoreand off-shore petrochemical control centres; windenergy turbines; and ventilation and air conditioningplant. It also embraces: applications throughoutthe mass transit sector, particularly rail and airtransport; dust and mist extraction in the manu-facturing arena; fume cupboards and analyticalequipment in pharmaceutical companies; andacross the utility industries.

Let us take a closer look at just four of these.

IT & telecomsStatistics bear out the fact that electrical faults areamong the main causes of fire, and with the mass

of electronic components, power feeds and cablesin IT and telecommunications enclosures, shortcircuits, defective components and faulty cablingoften lead to a fire.

While these were once protected by total flood-ing systems that used Halon 1301, the signing ofthe Montreal Protocol – or to give it its full name,The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Depletethe Ozone Layer – banned the effective, butenvironmentally unacceptable agent. Around thesame time it began to become acknowledged thattotal suppression of the room was not a costeffective way to protect equipment that wasinvariably housed in “micro-environment” cabinetsor enclosures.

The suppression agent of choice for FIRETRACEsystems protecting these applications is one of thenew generation of clean agents, such as 3M™Novec™ 1230 Fire Protection Fluid. CO2 (carbondioxide), although one of the suppression agentoptions available from Firetrace International, iscertainly not suitable for these applications, wherethere is a risk of thermal shock to the delicateequipment.

Buses & coachesA recently completed three-year study by theNorwegian Public Road Administration and theSwedish Road Administration concluded that asmany as one in every hundred buses is involved ina fire incident each year. This is supported bytestimony given to the United States’ NationalTransportation Safety Board, which revealed thatas many as 2,600 fires break out each year onbuses in the USA alone, and that a great manymore bus fires go unreported.

Engine and generator compartments are wherethe majority of fires start and, if a fire is allowed tospread to the passenger area, it is likely to engulfthe entire vehicle, threatening passengers’ lives. Inaddition to the risk of fuel line ruptures, there areany number of flammable liquids present through-


MICRO-ENVIRONMENTS


out the engine compartment, including hydraulic,brake, automatic transmission and power steeringfluids, plus combustible accumulated grease onthe engine block, for which frayed or damagedelectrical wiring can easily provide the ignitionsource.

The dynamics of the airflow in and around anengine compartment when a bus or coach is inmotion can seriously impair the performance andreliability of traditional detection and suppressionsystems when heat and flame may be propelledelsewhere. This has led to the increasing adoptionof FIRETRACE, as the system’s leak-resistant tubingis routed throughout the engine compartment.Immediately a fire is detected, the tubing rupturesand automatically releases the suppression agent,extinguishing the fire precisely where it starts andbefore it can take hold.

Petrochemicals Petrochemical installations, both on-shore and off-shore are high-hazard environments where fire hasto be extinguished in the shortest possible time ifdire consequences are to be avoided.

While the incidence of petrochemical fires is,thankfully, relatively low, the potential for loss oflife and the destruction of high-revenue-earningassets is ever present, perhaps more so than in anyother industry. Just 21 years ago, an explosion andsubsequent fire destroyed the Piper Alpha oil pro-duction platform in the North Sea in the world’sworst-ever offshore oil disaster. It killed 167 menand the total insured loss was a staggering US$ 3.4 billion.

So it is certainly a fire safety challenge wherethe adage, “large fires start as small fires” hasparticularly pertinent meaning, as a small fire in acontrol room can soon spread to the platformwellhead areas. So in vulnerable control and com-munications enclosures it is essential that thatthere is an immediate and seamless transition fromdetection to suppression. This is achieved in a UL(Underwriters Laboratories) and FM (FactoryMutual) certified and CE (Conformité Européene

or European Conformity) marked FIRETRACEsystem when the proprietary Firetrace DetectionTubing ruptures and automatically and instantlyreleases the suppression agent.

Wind energyReliable fire detection in wind turbines is critical,particularly when they are in remote locations oroffshore. Dirt, dust and temperature extremes areknown to cause false alarms and false suppressiondischarge in traditional systems, while vibrationcan loosen vital connections, rendering the systemuseless.

Suppression challenges with traditional systemsinclude the fact that most wind turbines have anumber of openings to allow air to circulate toreduce the temperature inside the nacelle – thelarge housing behind the propeller – and that thegap between the nacelle and the support tower istypically an open space. Both of these openingssignificantly inhibit achieving the “designatedagent concentration” in traditional systems, anddevising a solution to overcome these challengestypically adds hundreds of kilos to the nacelle.

Instead of attempting to provide protection forthe entire nacelle, individual FIRETRACE systemsprotect critical areas that are most prone to fire.Typically these include: electrical enclosures in the nacelle; near generators; in the tower base;and any adjacent cabinets housing controls orelectrical transmission equipment. They are alsoused to protect: braking systems, generator enclo-sures; SCADA (Supervisory Control and DataAcquisition) systems; and hydraulic systems thathave the potential to rupture near points ofignition.

In all of these applications, FIRETRACE can befitted as a new-build installation or retrofitted toexisting “micro-environments” in a matter ofhours. And the solution is highly cost effective,particularly when you consider the alternative,which may result in a bill running into hundreds ofthousands or millions of dollars, or even theultimate collapse of the business. IFP


KEY ASSET PROTECTION – SEEING THE BIGGER PICTUREMICRO-ENVIRONMENTS

Further information onFIRETRACE is available fromthe FIRETRACE EMEA headoffice in the UK on +44 (0)1293 780390, or fromFiretrace Internationalheadquarters in Scottsdale,Arizona USA on +1 480 6071218. The company’s websiteis at www.firetrace.com


Dafo Fomtec 7/3/09 10:28 am Page 1


APPLICATION GUIDANCE

The UK, however, is also suffering from anunfettered plethora of questionable actionsfrom self promoting, self inspecting suppliers/

applicators, who are potentially undermining thefoundations for future fire safety in buildings.

This article is intended to advise againstquestionable installations and suspect installers.

Fire doorsWe recently witnessed a respected TV programmeadvising that ordinary timber doors could beconverted into fire doors by the simple applicationof an intumescent coating to the surface. Thestatement was compounded by the implication –‘Why buy an expensive fire door?’

The answer is very clear!A reliable fire door will have been tested in a

standardised manner by a recognised fire testlaboratory. The fire test report will limit theapplication of the data to the tested constructionwithout willy-nilly extension to all and sundrydoors.

It’s critical to recognise that the test is on theentire door system, including the fittings andfixings, the door frame, the abutments and thephysical dimensions of the entire door system astested. Approved Document B defines ‘fire door’in a very particular way as ‘a door or shutter . . .which together with its frame and furniture asinstalled in a building, is intended . . . to resist thepassage of fire and/or gaseous products ofcombustion and is capable of meeting specifiedcriteria to those ends’.

The outcome of the test is affected by manyfactors, such as:● The type of wood of which the door is made

and its density● The thickness of the door● The structure of the door including variations

from any panelling● The frame that encloses the door● The fixings, fittings and spacings between the

door, the floor and the frame● The additional protection required for fixings

and panelling.We must call a halt to the unqualified appli-

cation of intumescent coatings to any old doorand strictly observe the limitations of the field ofapplication certificate for any products that mayhave been tested on specific door assemblies.

A specific and reliable timber fire door schemeis operated by the British Woodworking Federationat www.bwf.org.uk

Surface coatingsThe surfaces of rooms and routes for means ofescape in buildings are subject to tested require-ments in Approved Document B, ranging fromClass 4 to Class 1/ Class 0, noting that Class 0 isnot the direct outcome of a single fire teststandard. European classifications have also beenintroduced.

The surface coating on these surfaces willdirectly affect the fire classification that can beattained.

The ASFP has encountered various situations

By Bill Parlor

Technical Officer,Association forSpecialist Fire Protection(ASFP)

Recognising illadvisedapplicationguidance forintumescentcoatingsLet’s be very clear from the outset. Fire protection in buildings can be a morecomplicated process than it first appears to be. Product manufacturers gothrough the hoop to prove the relevance of their products and the competenceof the installer has always been critical for successful application. ASFP installermembers are all required to be third party certificated installers in accordancewith recognised schemes operating under the auspices of UKAS, the UKAccreditation Service. This is non-negotiable!

P. 69-71 Application Guidance 19/8/09 2:12 pm Page 69

where suppliers have encouraged purchasers toapply’ intumescent wallpaper’ to a variety ofsurfaces, without regard to the limitations of thefield of application arising from any fire test report.In other words, they play with people’s lives forpersonal profit. Reputable suppliers will know thatsurfaces can be upgraded, but the results willdepend on the materials, substrates and exposureof the surface to be treated.

The ASFP provides useful advice for enhancingthe fire performance of surfaces in buildings in itsfree ‘Orange Book’ entitled ‘Guidance on theclassification for the reaction to fire performanceof fire retardant coating systems’, which can bedown loaded without charge from www.asfp.org.uk/publications

European based information will becomeavailable as ETAG 028 ‘Fire retardant systems’from www.eota.be It should be noted, however,that the methods described above do not makeclaims for improving the fire resistance of elementsof structure.

Over-cladding intumescent coatingsapplied to steelworkWhilst it may be possible to over-paint somespecific types of intumescent coating system, theindividual coating manufacturer should always becontacted for advice. Without such advice, over-painting would not be recommended. A reg-ular maintenance schedule should be evaluated inconjunction with the supplier.

In other cases, where intumescent coatings

have been applied as fire protection to steelwork, itmay be desirable to install additional cladding overthe steelwork, or in close proximity to it. The ASFPhas published Technical Guidance document TGD13 which advises that a minimum gap of 50 timesthe dry film thickness of the reactive coating shouldbe provided to allow adequate expansion of thecoating in fire. This advice applies to the flat sur-faces and to the flange tips, unless specific test dataproves otherwise for each steel section concerned.

Where the cladding is mounted onto continu-ous linear fixings or spacers, made of timber ormetal, the spacers should be considered to be apart of the main structure and be duly protectedfrom fire, unless evidence can be provided tojustify an alternative action.

Fire protection of steelwork The ASFP ‘Yellow Book’ has established bestpractice for the fire protection of solid steelstructural columns and beams since 1975 andprovides lots of advice. But some advice is beingrevisited and reconsidered by ASFP and by BSI.One example is whether the fire protection ofcircular or rectangular hollow steel sections shouldalways be based on test data from I-shaped or H-shaped steel sections? Which tested configura-tion considers the worst case? New advice hasnow been published.

In the meantime, the ASFP has published threeguides for the fire protection of structural steel-work on the construction site. Publications TGD 14and 15 provide new codes of practice for the on-site application of boards and non-reactive


APPLICATION GUIDANCE

The ASFP has published Technical Guidance document TGD 13 which

advises that a minimum gap of 50 times the dry film thickness of the

reactive coating should be provided to allow adequate expansion of

the coating in fire. This advice applies to the flat surfaces and to the

flange tips, unless specific test data proves otherwise for each

steel section concerned.


sprays respectively. The third publication, TGD 11,provides a code of practice for the on-site specifi-cation and installation of intumescent coatings. Itprovides details such as:● Surface preparations● Application procedures● Control and quality of site applications● Factors affecting in service performance ● Ease of maintenance ● Repair procedures and standards of finish ● Management considerations● Validation checklists● Quality plans and records.

Again, all three TGDs can be downloaded, freeof charge, at www.asfp.org.uk/publications

New harmonised European Fire Test &assessment methodsMuch of the fire test data and assessment ineveryday use in the UK has been based on firetests to BS 476 Part 21 and assessed to agreedprinciples as published in the ASFP Yellow Book.Some historical data may go back to BS 476 Part 8test methods.

But now we are entering a period of new kindsof historical test data at a European level as well.In previous years ENV 13381-4 provided a meansof determining the contribution of fire protectionsystems when applied to structural steel. The doc-ument was due for review a number of years agoand the review has now almost been completed.Old test data to ENV 13381-8 will become historicinformation.

The new fire test and assessment details will beprovided in BS EN 13381-8 for the contribution tofire resistance of structural steelwork from reactivecoatings. Moreover, the publication of a furtherdocument, BS EN 13381-4, will provide the pro-cedures for boards and non-reactive sprayedsystems. The ASFP Yellow Book will be updated toreflect these changes when publication occurs.

Junctions between different fireprotection systems for steelASFP Technical guidance document TGD 08provides industry agreed Code of Practice for thejunctions between different fire protection cover-ings to steel. It is an important issue, otherwiseany liability may be difficult to establish.

In simple terms, the actions required dependson which product was in situ before the additionalsystem was to be added. Is an intumescentcoating to be added next to a board or, non –reactive sprayed coatings, or a different intumes-cent system? Or is the existing system based onintumescent technology, and a different system tobe installed? These issues are fundamentallyimportant to a reliable installation.

ASFP Technical guidance document TGD 10

provides a code of practice for refurbishment andupgrading fire protection of structural steelwork.The refurbishment process can take differentdirections, either as (a) full replacement (b) partialremoval/replacement, or (c) removal and replace-ment with different system.

Fire protection of steelwork with webopeningsWhilst the fire protection of solid steel structurehas been well established over the years, newresearch data can sometimes challenge olderpractices and this is now apparent for the use ofintumescent coatings for the fire protection of‘cellular’ beams with circular, lozenge, and/orrectangular web openings.

Because the residual steel post betweenseparate web openings can have different size andshape, the failure temperature and manner of fail-ure in fire can vary as well. The ASFP hasaddressed this problem in Section 6 of the YellowBook. New information will be added to provide aprotocol for the evaluation of systems suitable forbeams with rectangular openings in the steel web.

It is important to recognise that any claimsmade for the fire protection of ‘cellular beams’requires the test and assessment protocol to befollowed so that multi-temperature analysis tablescan be created for individual reactive coatingsystems, initially for beams with circular openingsand then extended to include rectangular open-ings. The test data is only valid if the required testprotocol has been fully completed

FAQs relating to intumescent coatingsReaders will often have specific applicationquestions, many of which have been transposedinto FAQs on the ASFP web site, such as:● Can intumescents be used to fire protect beams

at the heads of compartment walls?● What is the recommended treatment for steel

brackets and angles?● What clearance is needed for services through

beams?● What about different exposure conditions?● Can I add intumescent coatings over other

types of built-in fire protection?More information is provided on the web pages

of the ASFP at: www.asfp.org.uk

ConclusionReputable fire protection products should only beapplied by reputable installers with independentthird party certification. First party certificationpractices based on non-accredited arrangementsshould not be considered as a viable alternative.

All of our lives are threatened by those who giveincomplete advice, or misapply data with limitedfields of applications. Be on your guard! IFP


RECOGNISING ILL ADVISED APPLICATION GUIDANCE FOR INTUMESCENT COATINGSAPPLICATION GUIDANCE

Whilst the fire protection of solid steel structure has been well

established over the years, new research data can sometimes

challenge older practices and this is now apparent for the use of

intumescent coatings for the fire protection of ‘cellular’ beams with

circular, lozenge, and/or rectangular web openings.



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FALSE ALARMS

The driver behind just about every piece of firesafety legislation is life safety, with the easeand efficiency in which occupants can be

evacuated from a burning building being theprimary concern. While this is an entirely laudableaim, the decision on what type of fire detectionand alarm equipment is selected should surely alsotake into account the critically important needs ofthose whose lives may be put in jeopardy fightingthe blaze.

Indeed, it is surprising that the impact thatsystem selection may have on the firefighter is notmore widely appreciated or taken into account.This is especially so considering the risks thatfirefighters face on a daily basis and the highregard that society generally has for their courageand professionalism. Perhaps this is because thereis sometimes a failure to appreciate that thefunction of a fire detection and alarm installationdoes not end with the arrival of the fire brigade?Certainly it is something that we should all givemore thought to. With legislation moving increas-ingly towards fire safety regimes based around riskassessment, the safety of the firefighter is aresponsibility that, internationally, is becomingincreasingly difficult to shirk – and rightly so.

So, what system features should we be lookingfor that will make the firefighter’s life safer, and hisor her job easier to perform? There are four areasthat are worth considering, the technology forwhich is already widely available. These are: theneed for the early detection of a fire; the impor-tance of reducing, if not eliminating, false alarms;fast identification of the location and growth of a fire; and sufficient system versatility to enablethe firefighter to influence “on the ground”response to the fire. Let us look at each of these inturn.

Early detectionA view commonly held by firefighters is that theactions taken in the first few minutes of a fire havea significant bearing on its outcome. Put anotherway, the shorter the delay in detecting and raisingthe alarm, the greater the prospect of averting apossible disaster.

This has implications both regarding the selec-tion of the most appropriate detection or sensingdevice and the speed in which the device isactivated. So, it is important for owners and occu-piers of buildings to ensure that the right sensor ordetector is installed – and, of course, maintained –

By Graham Lowe

UK Sales Manager,Hochiki Europe

Alarming senseThere is a tendency to focus entirely on occupant safety when considering firedetection and alarm equipment, overlooking the impact that system selectioncan have on the performance and safety of firefighters. So, Graham Lowe, takesa closer look at what makes a fire alarm “firefighter friendly”.

P. 73-75 False Alarms 19/8/09 2:14 pm Page 73

in the right locations. Far too frequently structuralor occupational changes are made to a buildingwithout adequately reviewing the siting of detec-tors or questioning whether the detector is still themost appropriate choice in the newly prevailingcircumstances. In short, get this equation wrongand the result might well be delay in detecting agenuine fire.

Eradicating false alarmsAlthough there is fairly widespread awareness thatfalse alarms are disruptive and costly, it still surprisesmany to learn that, in the UK alone, there areupwards of 1,000 false alarms every day costingthe economy a staggering £1 billion each andevery year.

In terms of the impact on firefighters, aroundhalf of the calls to the UK’s fire and rescue serviceare unwanted alarms, and many of these aregenerated by fire detection and alarm systems. Forexample, of the 13,500 signals from automatic firealarms in Greater Manchester in 2006, the GreaterManchester Fire & Rescue Service says that lessthan one percent were actual fires and fewer than half of those required firefighters to useequipment.

This adds a considerable cost burden to munici-pal fire brigades. Worse, it has the potential forscarce resources to be wasted attending a falsealarmed “emergency” that could otherwise beused to have an earlier and possibly safer impacton a real fire.

In the past few years there have been a numberof improvements to detection devices that haveboosted their reliability and ability to distinguish

between a real fire, environmental pollution andother conditions that might otherwise have initiateda false alarm. An example is Hochiki’s FlatResponse high performance chamber technologythat is incorporated into all of its optical sensorsand detectors. This provides the device with theoptimum sensitivity to smouldering and flamingfires. Re-engineering and refining the internaloptics has enhanced the sensor’s or detector’sreaction to a wider range of inputs.

Hochiki’s ESP – Enhanced System Protocol –analogue addressable open protocol incorporatesa suite of false alarm management tools thatfurther enhances immunity from false alarms. Thissuite is called ARM or Alarm Reduction Manage-ment and includes drift compensation that, whenactivated by the control panel, automaticallyrecalibrates every sensor every 24 hours.

ESP also provides what is called full digitaltransmission for exceptionally secure signalling,and incorporates checksum error checking tounderpin the integrity of the data and ensurereliably correct communication. The protocol alsohas high immunity from electrical noise, so thereare no false alarms due to corruption.

Clear addressabilityThe characteristics of each type of sensor anddetector depend upon the type of fire detectionand alarm system that is being installed.

These are commonly referred to as “con-ventional” or “non-addressable” systems and“analogue addressable” systems. In a conventionalor non-addressable installation, the detectors – the term “detector” is usually applied to non-


FALSE ALARMS


addressable devices – are in one of two states,either normal or alarm. Individual detectors are notidentified or given a specific “address” or location.This type of system tends to be used in smallerbuildings. From the firefighter’s perspective non-addressable systems provide little informationbeyond the fact that a fire has broken out.

Analogue addressable sensors – the term“sensor” being normally used for analogueaddressable devices, such as Hochiki’s EnhancedSystem Protocol – have their own unique“address” number on the system’s control panel.This means that the firefighter can immediatelyidentify the site of a fire and, as other sensors areprogressively activated as the fire spreads, track itsdevelopment. Not surprisingly, these systems areinvariably the preferred solution for high-hazard,large or complex buildings, or those withcomplicated or phased evacuation procedures.

Fire-scene versatilityFire is not a static event; when the fire brigadearrives it is confronted by a dynamic and often fastdeveloping scenario. Occupants may still be in thebuilding; some may not even be aware that a firehas broken out; and orderly evacuation, possiblyby people unfamiliar with the building, will be thefirefighters’ primary concern.

Voice alarm systems can play a major role inovercoming some of these obstacles, particularly inshopping malls, leisure centres and hospitalswhere giving clear directions, zone by zone, on theappropriate course of action that should be takencan be vitally important. Voice alarms can alsocontribute by informing occupants when not toevacuate. An example of this is following a terror-ist explosion, when the safest course of action ispossibly to remain in the building, rather than tomass-evacuate, exposing everyone – firefightersincluded – to the danger of an explosive device

targeted at the building’s fleeing occupants.Voice alarm systems such as Hochiki’s FIREvac

incorporate a prioritise mixer that designates theorder of messages played, and ensures that thefirefighter’s microphone can override any back-ground music, paging or pre-programmedmessages with live announcements. Audio cover-age can be enhanced for larger open areas by theaddition of up to ten FIREvac slave panels for eachFIREvac master panel or zone. These will repeat allof the firefighter’s microphone and digital messagebroadcasts made at the master panel to whichthey are connected. Localised control of pagingand background music is also possible, as eachslave panel has its own paging and backgroundmusic input.

The on-going challengeThe global trend for more and more buildings tobe designed using fire engineering techniquesrather than prescribed measures has placedgreater responsibility on fire detection and alarmequipment manufacturers to devise ever morereliable, fast and accurate solutions. Buildingdesigners are using new materials and pioneeringstructural techniques, owners are demandinggreater in-use flexibility, and occupiers are con-cerned for their safety in a whole plethora of riskscenarios. To these concerns we must strive toensure that the firefighter’s needs are alsoaddressed.

While events such as the terrorist attack on theWorld Trade Centre in 2001, where 346 firefighterslost their life, are beyond current technology’sability to influence or control, there will always bemen and women prepared to forsake their ownsafety to rescue others. So, the industry’s role mustsurely be to provide them with every possiblefacility to do their work effectively, proficiently and– above all – safely. IFP


ALARMING SENSEFALSE ALARMS

Graham Lowe is UK SalesManager of Hochiki Europe.He can be reached bytelephone on +44 (0)1634266566, or via email [email protected] Europe’s website is atwww.hochikieurope.com


20137 Milano - Via Ennio, 25 - ItalyTel.: + 39 02 5410 0818 - Fax + 39 02 5410 0764E-mail: [email protected] - Web: www.controllogic.it CONTROL LOGIC s.r.l.

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CONTROL LOGICSparkdetector

designed fordust collectionsystemsto protectstorage silosfrom the riskof fi re.

Sparks fl yat high speed.

They travel at a hundred kilometresper hour along the ducts of the dustcollection system and reach the silo

in less than three seconds

The CONTROL LOGICSPARK DETECTOR

is faster thanthe sparks themselves.

It detects them with its highlysensitive infrared sensor,

intercepts and extinguishesthem in a fl ash.

It needs no periodic inspection.

The CONTROL LOGIC system is designed for “total supervision”.

It verifi es that sparks have been extinguished, gives prompt warning of

any malfunction and, if needed, cuts off the duct and stops the fan.

BETTER TO KNOW IT BEFOREEye is faster than nose.

In the event of live fi re the IR FLAME DETECTOR

responds immediately

CONTROL LOGICIR FLAME DETECTOR

the fastest and most effective fi re alarm devicefor industrial applications IR FLAME DETECTOR

RIV-601/FAEXPLOSIONPROOFENCLOSURE

For industrial applications indoorsor outdoors where is a risk of explosionand where the explosionproof protection is required.One detector can monitor a vast areaand responds immediately to the fi re, yet of small size.

IR FLAME DETECTORRIV-601/F

WATERTIGHTIP 65 ENCLOSURE

For industrial applications indoorsor outdoors where fi re can spread out rapidly due to the presence of

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Also forRS485 two-wire serial line

25SF-c275x185gb.indd 1 24-06-2005 12:50:37

Control Logic w/p 16/2/06 12:22 pm Page 1


FIRE RATED CABLE

Skylines across the world are increasingly punc-tuated by buildings that would have beeninconceivable a decade or so ago when legis-

lation precisely stipulated how buildings should beconstructed. The drift away from this prescriptiveapproach to design and construction in favour ofsetting down what should be achieved has seen atransformation in the freedom of expression it hasgiven to architects and the way it has inspired theadoption of new structural solutions. It has also

brought the art and science of fire engineering tothe fore.

Not surprisingly, these changes have had theirgreatest impact in the larger, prestigious projectsacross the world, such as high-rise city-centrecommercial developments, the new generation ofhuge shopping malls and leisure complexes andthe latest airport terminals. This new approach hasalso had an impact beyond the confines of“iconic” buildings, to embrace hospitals and

By Mark Froggatt

Marketing ServicesManager, Draka UK

Engineeredsolutionsdemand morefrom cablemanufacturersIncreasingly, fire safety in high-rise, multi-use or high-occupancy buildings andthroughout the mass transit sector is dependent upon the reliability ofsophisticated emergency lighting and fire detection and alarm systems. In turn,these systems demand cabling that will continue to supply the essential powerduring a fire. Mark Froggatt explains.

P. 77-79 Fire Rated Cable 19/8/09 2:15 pm Page 77

universities where the opportunity has beengrabbed to construct buildings that are moreefficient and versatile than was previously possible.

At the same time as these changes wereprogressing from the drawing board to bricks andmortar, our fire safety expectations were increas-ing in line with a universal desire for improvedhealth and safety. So much so that even instructures not overtly influenced by the newthinking, such as in the rail infrastructure, safetyexpectations were significantly on the rise.

Whatever the driver behind these changes, theresult is that the fire safety of occupants andvisitors to these buildings has become far moredependant upon the unerring reliability of sophisti-cated active fire protection measures. This includes

fire detection and alarm systems; smoke ventingsystems; emergency lighting provisions; electrically-operated fire doors and smoke curtains; firefightinglifts; pressurisation and depressurisation fans;motor-driven smoke control dampers; and pumpsfor sprinkler systems and wet-risers. In turn, thishas spawned an entirely new generation of high-performance cables.

New solutions to new challengesAmong the most prominent of the new cables isDraka’s Saffire 0HLS halogen-free cable that offersa new and higher level of fire safety performance.Another is Firetuf Powerplus, a new 600/1000VSWA (Steel Wired Armoured) 0HLS power cablethat provides enhanced circuit integrity perfor-mance to meet the demanding requirements of BS7346-6:2005 (Components for smoke and heatcontrol systems. Specifications for cable systems),and the more stringent demands of the UK’sApproved Document B (Fire safety) 2006 of theBuilding Regulations. It also satisfies the insistenceof the recently introduced British Standard BS9999:2008 (Code of practice for fire safety in thedesign, management and use of buildings) thatrequires the power supply to electrical equipmentto continue to operate in the event of fire.

The importance of specifying a 0HLS cable ishard to over play. A key feature of this type ofcable is that it does not emit halogen gases andburns without producing large amounts of densesmoke. By comparison, under fire conditions, thestandard PVC cables used widely in the construc-tion industry emit hydrogen chloride gas, whichhas a suffocating odour that is detectable in evenvery low concentrations. Burning PVC cables alsogenerate hazardous volumes of debilitating ordisorientating smoke that can easily increase thelikelihood of panic and make safe evacuationmuch more difficult to achieve.

Firetuf Powerplus incorporates high-performancematerials that enable it to achieve the maximum120-minute rating when subjected to the inte-grated testing of BS 8491: 2008 (Method forassessment of fire integrity of large diameterpower cables for use as components for smoke


FIRE RATED CABLE


and heat control systems and certain other activefire safety systems). This demanding regimeinvolves flame irradiation exposure, direct impactand high-pressure water spray testing.

Enhanced performanceCurrently though, one of the most widelyfavoured Draka cables is another 0HLS cable–Firetufplus. This is an “Enhanced” category cable,as defined in BS EN 50200: 2000 (Method of Testfor Resistance to Fire of Unprotected Small Cablesfor use in Emergency Circuits) and BS 8434: 2003(Methods of Test for Assessment of the FireIntegrity of Electric Cables).

While “Standard” cable is acceptable for themajority of installations, Enhanced cable isrequired in clearly prescribed buildings. In the UKthese are: buildings where cables are required tooperate longer due to phased evacuation; build-ings over 30 metres high that are not protected bysprinklers; buildings with critical signal paths toareas where people may remain for some timeduring a fire; and buildings where a fire riskassessment identifies the need for enhancedperformance.

Recently, this particular cable has been used in ahost of buildings with these characteristics. Theyinclude the latest addition to the impressivePaddingtonCentral commercial developmentalongside Paddington Station in London. This24,619 square metre, glass-fronted structure isone of the UK’s latest skyline landmark officebuildings, designed by internationally-renownedarchitects, Sheppard Robson. Firetufplus waschosen for the fire detection and alarm system inthe nine-storey building, which earned the coveted“Excellent” status for its sustainability, the highestachievable BREEAM (Building Research Establish-ment Environmental Assessment Method) rating.

Firetufplus was also selected for the newHighcross leisure and retail destination in Leicester,the largest redevelopment ever to be completed inthe city, where it is used for the fully-networkedfire detection and alarm system and the publicaddress system that covers all of the centre’s publicareas. In the education sector, the same cable wasspecified for the new Queen Margaret Universitycampus at Craighall in Scotland. Here it is provid-ing essential reliable power to all of the vital lifesafety and property protection systems throughoutthe £45 million project that is now home to 4,500students and staff.

On the Queen Margaret University project,Firetufplus was used in conjunction with anotherDraka halogen-free cable, Firetuf Power a600/1000V-rated SWA (Steel Wired Armoured)fire-resistant circuit integrity energy cable. How-ever, on another Scottish project, the new £100million Victoria Hospital in Glasgow, it was usedalongside Draka’s Saffire cable.

Infrastructure projectsFiretufplus has also made its mark on majorinfrastructure projects.

It was used to provide dependable power forthe emergency lighting in the main terminal build-ing and the terminal satellite building at therecently opened Terminal 5 at Heathrow Airport inLondon, the largest freestanding building in theUK and, at the time, Europe’s largest constructionproject. This overturned an earlier decision to use

mineral insulated cables, as Michael Cowell, Tech-nical Development Manager for BAA, explains:“With the more stringent requirements for fireperformance cables as set out in BS 5839-1:2002,we assessed all of the Enhanced-category pliablecables on the market and decided that Draka’sFiretufplus fully met our quality and safetyrequirements.”

The project was a landmark for Draka, as thecompany also devised a new EMC (electro-magnetic compatibility) cable especially for theintegrated fire alarm, voice alarm and publicaddress system in the terminal. This cable, FiretufEMC, satisfied the need for a high level of electro-magnetic immunity, and has proved so successfulthat it has since been added to the standard Drakacable offering.

The rail and road infrastructure elements of the£4.3 billion project used Draka’s Firetuf Connectamodular wiring system. This included NetworkRail’s tunnel for the Heathrow Express rail exten-sion into central London, Tube Lines’ tunnel forLondon Underground’s extension to the PiccadillyLine, and the new terminal’s airside roads. This isthe same cabling system that has been used on anumber of high profile infrastructure projectsaround the globe, such as the Mass Rapid Transitsystem at the Changi Airport extension, theVictoria Line extension in Singapore, the HS1 –High Speed 1 – rail link between London andParis, the Dublin Port Tunnel, and the London’sDocklands Light Railway extension.

Other recent examples of projects where Drakacable has been installed include Motor City inDubai, the world’s first F1 theme park; the DubaiMall, believed to be the world’s largest shoppingand entertainment destination; and the impressivenew Dubai Cricket Stadium. IFP


ENGINEERED SOLUTIONS DEMAND MORE FROM CABLE MANUFACTURERSFIRE RATED CABLE

Mark Froggatt is MarketingServices Manager at Derby-based Draka UK, He can bereached on +44 (0) 1332345431 or via email [email protected]. Thecompany’s website can befound at www.drakauk.com



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IFP Issue 39