MATTER

IES LAURETUMSCIENCENAME…………………

IES LAURETUMSCIENCENAME…………………

MATTER

CONTENTS

1.Wh_t is m_tter?2.Properti_s of matt_r

3.Ma_s4.T_me

5.Temperatur_6.L_ngth

7.Surf_ce area8.Volum_9.Densit_

1. What is matter?

Everything that takes up space, and has mass is matter. Therefore,everything around us is matter.

2. Properties of matter

We can classify the properties of matter into two types:

General properties. These are the properties common to all matter:mass, volume and weight

Specific properties. These are the characteristics that differentiate onekind of matter from another. They can be used to identify and describematter. For example: density.

The International System of Units

To measure matter, many types of units can be used. To comparemeasurements, however, everyone needs to use the same units.

The most common system is the International System of Units. The-re are some base units and all other units are a combination of thesebase units.

Properties Length Mass Time Temperature

Unit metre kilogram second Kelvin

Symbol m kg s K

3. MassMass is the amount of matter in an object. Mass is measured in ki-

lograms(kg). Scales are used to measure mass.

Multiples and submultiples of a kilogram:

Unit and symbol Equivalent in kg

ton (t) 1000 kg

kilogram (kg) 1 kg

hectogram /hg) 1 hg = 100 g

decagram (dag) 1dag=10g

gram (g) 1kg = 1000 g

decigram (dg) 1 g = 10 dg

centigram (cg) 1 g = 100 cg

miligram (mg) 1g = 1000 mg

ACTIVITES1. Complete:

2. A box of biscuits weighing 1 kg costs 3 € . A box weighing 250 gcosts 1 €. Read and calculate:

The 1 kg box of biscuits is _________ times bigger than 250 g box.

How much Money do you save if you buy the big box?

50 mg = kg = dg = hg = dag = g

2 dag = dg = kg = g = hgmg =

5. Temperature

It´s used to measure the thermal state of matter .This measure-ment is related to the speed of particles in matter. More speed equalsmore temperature.

Thermometers are used to measure the temperature of matter.

In the International System of Units, the kelvin (K) is the unit fortemperature. Another unit, degrees Celsius (ºC) is used frequently. So-me countries like the United States of America and Great Britain useanother measurement called Fahrenheit (ºF).

4. Time

Everyone is aware of the passing of time. Time is used to measurethe passing of events. In the International System of Units, time is mea-sured in seconds (s).

The following units are also used to measure time :

1 minute (min) = 60 s

1 hour (h) = 60 min

1 day (d) = 24 h

ACTIVITIES1. Complete :

2. How many things can you list related to measuring time?

Example : class duration.

3. Where do the names Fahrenheit, Celsius and Kelvin come from?

60 seconds = 1______ _____ days = 1 year 1 ____= 100 years

1h = _____ min 1________ _______= 1 week=24 h

6. Length

Length is the distance between two points. It is a base unit in theInternational System of Units. Length is measured in metres.

Multiples and submultiples of a metre:

Unit and symbol Equivalent

Kilometre (km) 1 km= 1000 m

Hectometre (hm) 1 hm = 100 m

Decametre (dam) 1 dam = 10 m

Metre (m) 1 m

Decimetre (dm) 1 m = 10 dm

Centimetre (cm) 1 m = 100 cm

Milimetre (mm) 1 m = 1000 mm

ACTIVITIES

1. Which multiples and submultiples of the metre would tou use to cal-culate the folloging measurements?

a. The distance between two towns.

b. The diameter of the head of a nail.

c. The length of tour pen.

d. The length of the classroom.

2. Measure the folloging things and give the result using the correctunit de measurement (I.S.)

a. Length of your pen.

b. Length of your book.

c. Your height.

d. Length of the classroom.

7. Surface Area

Surface area is the space occupied by the length and width of anobject. It is a unit derived from length.

In the International System of Units, surface is measured in squaremetres (m2)

Multiples and submultiples of a square metre:

Unit name Equivalent

Square kilometre( km2) 1 km2 =106 m2

Square hectometre (hm2) 1 hm2 = 104m2

Square decametre (dam2) 1 dam2 =102m2

Square metre (m2)

Square decimetre(dm2) 1 m2 =102 dm2

Square centimetre (cm2) 1m2 =104cm2

Square milimetre (mm2) 1m2 =106 mm2

1m2

ACTIVITIES

1. Measure the surface of a piece of paper an give the result in cm2,m2,dam2 and mm2.

2. Give the folloging measurements in :

320 mm2 = _____________ cm2 =____________ dam2

3.5 m2 = _____________ km2 =____________ cm2

0.01 hm2 = _____________ dm2 =____________ km2

8. Volume

The volume of a solid is the amount of space it occupies. It is a de-rived unit from length. Volume is measured in cubic metres (m3).

To measure the volume of :

Regular geometric solids, use the corresponding mathematical formu-la:for example , to find the volume of a box, multiply the base ( length xwidth ) by the height.

Irregular-shaped solids, use a measuring cylinder to measure the volu-me. Submerge the body in water, then measure the amount of waterdisplaced.

Liquids, use a measuring cylinder to measure the volume. The volumeof a liquid can be calculated by measuing the capacity of its container.Capacity is measured in litres (L). 1 L= 1 dm3

Gases, like liquids but using a measuring cylinder filled with water.

Unit and symbol Equivalence

cubic kilometre (km3) 109 m3

cubic hectometre (hm3) 106 m3

cubic decametre (dam3) 103 m3

cubic metre (m3) 1 m3

cubic decimetre (dm3) 10-3 m3

cubic centimetre (cm3) 10-6 m3

cubic milimetre (mm3) 10-9 m3

9. Density

Density is the relationship between the mass and the volume of abody, that’s is, how concentrated the mass is in a specific volume. Den-sity is measured in kg/m3 or g/cm3..

The relationship between mass and volume :

The greater the mass, is the greader the density

The greader the volume is , the smaller the density.

Density is a specifc property of matter. It helps differentiate onesubstance from another.

Density = Mass / Volume

ACTIVITIES

1. Look at the density diagram and write down the name (or names) of:

a. a liquid that is less dense than water

b. one solidsthat is more dense than steel

c. a gas whith a low density

d. a liquid which would have amass of 2000 kg if you had2 cubic metres of it.

substance Density (kg/m3)

air 1.3

wood 750

petrol 800

water 1000

aluminium 2700

steel 7800

lead 11300

DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONS

Connect each term with the right definition.

UNITSUNITS

Chose the right unit for every property.

TOOLSTOOLS

Draw a picture of each tool.

Mass millilitresVolume gramsDensity grams/millilitres

Balance Beaker

Graduate cylinder

Mass Mass divided by volumeVolume Total space occupied by a bodyDensity Amount of matter in a body

EXPERIMENTSEXPERIMENTSEXPERIMENTS

Fill in the text using the words from the box.

MEASURING THE MASS

SOLIDTo measure the mass of a solid object we place the object on

the ...............

LIQUID

To measure the mass of a liquid substance:

We place a ................ on the balance

We zero the balance

We pour the ................. in the beaker.

We read the mass.

GAS

We can measure the mass of the air in a balloon:

Place an un-inflated .................. on the balance.

Read the mass of the balloon without ................... (m1)

Place the inflated balloon on the ...................

............. the result (m2)

Calculate the mass. (m = m2-m1)

Balance Air Side Water

Volume Balloon Geometric cylinder Read

Beaker Liquid

MEASURING VOLUME

LIQUID

To determine the volume of a liquid we usethe .........................

SOLID WITH GEOMETRICAL SHAPE

To calculate the volume of a solid with geometrical shape we use a mathemati-cal formula.

Volume = side x .......... x side

SOLID WITH NON-GEOMETRICAL SHAPETo determine the volume of a non geometrical solid object:

We fill the ............................... with ..................

We read the .................... (V1)

We put the object into the graduated cylinder with water.

We read the new volume. (V2)

We calculate the volume.

V = V2 – V1

MEASURING DENSITY

Density = mass / volume

RESULTSRESULTSRESULTS

MASS OF THE SOLID

MASS OF THE LIQUID

MASS OF THE GAS

VOLUME OF THE SOLID WITH

GEOMETRICAL SHAPE

VOLUME OF THE SOLID WITH

NON-GEOMETRICAL SHAPE

VOLUME OF THE LIQUID

DENSITY OF THE SOLID

DENSITY OF THE LIQUID

Revision 1

Revision 2

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Matter