IEEE-RWEP_Energy Scavenging fr_Summary_Lect 2.ppt

8/10/2019 IEEE-RWEP_Energy Scavenging fr_Summary_Lect 2.ppt

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Energy Scavenging

from VibrationsSummary Lecture


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Problem Review


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Energy Harvesting

Wind

Water

Solar

Temperature

Vibration


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Energy Scavenging through

Vibration


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Piezoelectric

Piezoelectricity is the ability

of certain materials to

produce a voltage when

subjected to mechanical

stress.

Piezoelectric materials also

show the opposite effect,

where application of an

electrical field creates

mechanical stress (size

modification) in the crystal.


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Piezoelectric Frequency Response


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Components Provided


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Methods for Solving the Problem


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Finding Solutions


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Rotary-to-Reciprocating Motion

An Example

Asymmetric

Cam


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Rotary-to-Reciprocating Motion

Another Example

Asymmetric

Cam


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An Asymmetric Cam is not Necessary

for Rotary-to-Reciprocating Motion


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Charging Circuit

A super capacitor (0.47F 5.5v) is used to store electriccharge.

A Zener diode (BZX85-C5V6) is used to protect the

super capacitor .Rectifying diodes

Super

capacitor Zener diode


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Engineering Principles andConcepts


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Gear Ratio

AB

drivingdriven

A

B

B

A

N

NG


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Gear Train

A

C

C

A

N

NG

driving idler driven

AB

C

A

B

C

D

C

D

A

B

D

A

N

N

N

NG

Simple gear train Compound gear train


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Gear Train - Example


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Alternating Current vs. Direct Current

In alternating current (AC)the movement (or flow) ofelectric charge periodicallyreverses direction.

In direct current (DC) themovement of electric

charge doesnt change

direction.


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Diode

+ v -

i

v

i

Diodes allow the electriccurrent to flow in only onedirection.


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4 Diode Bridge


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The Meaning of Frequency

Frequency means the number of times something occurswithin a given time period. Frequency for waves is usually

measured per second. The unit for frequency is Hertz (Hz),

which means per second.


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Spectrum Decomposition


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Lesson Learned

More Complex is not Always Better

Simple Design


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Experimental Results

Simple Design

Charging the Battery

Timeresponse

Spectr

um


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Experimental Results

Complex Design

Charging the Battery

Timeresponse

Time

(minutes)

Battery

(Volts)

0 .010

5 .037

10 .050

15 .067

20 .076

25 .08530 .092


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Engineering Design Process

Identify the needor problem

Research the

need or problem

Develop possible

solutions

Select the best

solutionsConstruct a

prototype

Test and evaluate

the prototype

Modify to improve

the design if needed


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Reflective Problem Solving

Strategies

define the problem

Implement the design

reflect

analyze the problem

identify design variables

propose solutions

Test, evaluate,and improve

the design


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Piezoelectric materials, such as the lead zirconatetitanate (PZT), are great candidates for energy

harvesting using vibrations from the surrounding

environment.

Societal Impact


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Wireless corrosion monitoringsystems

Application Areas

vibrating structurevehicle

frequency

Accel.

PSD

mechanical energy

Self-powered Wireless Corrosion Sensorlow power

wireless transceivercorrosion sensorenergy harvester

Biomechanical EnergyHarvester


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References

1. M. Raju, Energy Harvesting, ULP meets energy harvesting: A game-changingcombination for design engineers, Texas Instrument White Paper, Nov. 2008

2. R.J.M. Vullers, V. Leonov, T. Sterken, A. Schmitz, Energy Scavengers ForWireless Intelligent Microsystems, Special Report in Microsystems &Nanosystems, OnBoard Technology, June 2006

3. Imec, Design for analog and RF technologies and systems, www.imec.be

4. Imec, Micropower generation and storage, www.imec.be

5. F. Whetten, Energy Harvesting Sensor Systems A Proposed Application for802.15.4f, DOC: IEEE802.15-09/0074-00-004f

6. C. Cossio, Harvest energy using a piezoelectric buzzer, EDN, pg.94-96,

March 20, 2008
http://www.imec.be/http://www.imec.be/http://www.imec.be/http://www.imec.be/

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IEEE-RWEP_Energy Scavenging fr_Summary_Lect 2.ppt