Identify at least two of the big trends leading to WWI.

industrial arms race, colonial rivalry, nationalism, alliances

Why was China ripe for forced trade in the 1800s?

internal turmoil

What was the U.S. policy for trade in China?

Open Door Policy

Why was trade with China so important to the

Europeans?

Chinese goods were in high demand in Europe

What was the Chinese rebellion in response to the

Open Door Policy?

Boxer Rebellion

What was Bismarck’s primary foreign policy goal?

avoid 2 front conflict

What was the root of the tension between A-H &

Russia?

territorial interests in the Balkans

In 1914, who belonged to the Triple Alliance?

Italy, Germany, A-H

In 1914, Who belonged to the Triple Entente?

GB, France & Russia

What event triggered war between these two

alliances?

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Who came in to back A-H? Serbia?

Germany and Russia

What were the basics of the Schlieffen Plan?

swing through France with strong right, defeating them

quickly then beating the Russians

Why did the Schlieffen Plan fail? What did this lead to?

weak right, digging trenches on Western Front

What were the two major actions on the Western

Front in 1916?

German attack on Verdun, Allied offensive at Somme

How successful were these actions?

not at all

What were the Allies trying to accomplish at Gallipoli?

break through & reestablish connection with Russia

What were the two major battles on the western front

in 1916?

Verdun and the Somme

Identify three weapons that were used first in WWI.

machine guns, tanks, airplanes, submarines, poison gas

What is a war of attrition?

you try to win by wearing down the other side

Identify at least 4 causes of the Russian Revolution of

1917.

reform-revolt-repress, industrialism, Nicky’s a

weenie, Rev. of 1905, Crimea, R-J War, Duma-Duma-Duma

Who took control in the March Revolution?

liberals/cadets (Provisional Gov’t lead by Kerensky)

Who snuck Lenin back into Russia?

Germans

What brought the U.S. into the war?

Zimmerman Telegram & sinking of the Lusitania

What did the Germans do after the Bolsheviks

surrendered?

Launched an all out attack on the Western Front

What allowed the British and French to hold off this

assault?

help from the U.S.

How did the Germans try to counter the British

blockade?

with the U-Boat (unterseebooten)

What was Kerensky (and the provisional gov’t)’s

biggest mistake?

staying in the war vs. Germany

When did the Bolsheviks take control of Russia?

October/November of 1917

What did the treaty of Brest-Litovsk give the Germans?

lots of land & an indemnity

Why did the Bolsheviks have to sign this treaty?

needed to get out of war & focus on keeping control

Who was the political leader of the Bolsheviks? Military

Leader?

Lenin, Trotsky

Why did Ludendorff surrender before the Allies

reached Germany?

wanted mild peace according to 14 Points

Identify three of Wilson’s 14 Points.

free seas, self determination, open diplomacy, League of

Nations, “Peace Without Victory”

Identify 4 ways that the Treaty of Versailles was

hard on Germany.

blame for war, huge reparations, Alsace-Lorraine, small army, dictated, demil-

Rhineland

What did Wilson cash in his idealism for?

League of Nations

Why did trench warfare suck? (list at least three

reasons)

machine guns, trench foot, boredom, shell shock, rats,

barbed wire

Who ruled Japan for the 200 years leading up to 1850?

the Tokugawa shogunate

What was the shogunate’s policy towards the rest of

the world?

complete isolation

What was the key factor that caused the Japanese to open relations with the U.S.

after Perry’s visit?

the threat of military action

What did the Sat-Cho do to bring about the end of the

Tokugawa shogunate?

resisted their attempts to deal with the west and ultimately

attacked the shogunate’s palace and forced them to

restore the emperor

How did the new Japanese emperor refer to his reign? 

What did this mean?

meiji, enlightened rule

Where did the Japanese emperor look for models for

a new government?

the western nations

In the new Meiji government that emerged, who had the

most power?

The executive authority, which was the prime minister and the other cabinet ministers

The new government of Japan was modern and

democratic in appearance, but in reality, who still held

most of the power?

The authoritarian Sat-Cho elite

What was the negative impact of the new Meiji land

tax on the farmers?

Those who could not afford it became tenant farmers

(essentially peasants again)

Name two specific things the gov’t did to support

growing industry.

Subsidies, training from foreign advisors, education

Where did the Japanese find an abundant source of

cheap labor?

Farmers who were fleeing from the land tax

What did the Meiji require from all Japanese men?

3 years of military service

What two Japanese groups bore the greatest burden for the transition to a modern

industrial nation?

The farmers and the new industrial workers

What dynasty had ruled China for over three

hundred years prior to 1912?

the Manchu dynasty

Who were the Manchu overthrown by in 1912?

supporters of Sun Yat Sen

What large group will the Chiang Kai Shek and the

nationalists come into conflict with in the struggle for control

of China?

Mao Tse Tung and the Communists