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N E W S L E T T E R

I C C R OM

32June 2006

INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THE STUDY OF THE PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY





CONTENTS

Reflections on ICCROM’s 50th Anniversary

ICCROM News and Events

Cultural Heritage in Post-Conflict Recovery

Teamwork for Integrated Emergency Management (TIE

Travel Operators: New Partners in Protecting Cultural H

Millennium Development Goals and Cultural Heritage

COLLASIA 2010: Professionals on the Move

Science and Archives: the Advantages of Reciprocity

The Non-Catholic Cemetery in Rome

Building a Risk Management Learning Community

ICCROM and the Conservation of Built Heritage

Living Heritage Sites Workshop: Empowering the Comm

Conservation Training in the Arab Region:

Regional Context and International Trends

ICCROM NEWSLETTER 32, JUNE 2006



2 FROM THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL

It is with even greater pleasure than usualthat I contribute to this latest issue of the Newsletter, since it is the 50thanniversary of the resolution taken in 1956during the 9th session of ’s GeneralConference held in New Delhi to createan international centre for the study of theconservation and restoration of culturalheritage, of which the headquarters wouldbe in Rome.

Tis resolution was the result ofdiscussions started in 1952 by the Swissrepresentative, who considered thatgiven the state of cultural heritage, theinternational community did not requirethe creation of a fund, as had originally

been suggested, but rather that of aspecialised institution with the primaryfunctions of coordinating research,contributing to the training of a body ofconservation and restoration professionals,and creating appropriate documentation.

Te first question that comes to mind,in my opinion, is the pertinence of thathistoric decision, followed naturally by the

question of its validity after nearly half acentury of ’s existence. It brings usback to the middle of the twentieth century,only a decade since the creation of and the end of one of the most murderousconflicts in the history of humanity.

As well as the innumerable casualtiesof this war, there was also the tragic lossof cultural heritage. Tese circumstances

also, by the way, led the founding fathers of to implement the first internationaltreaty dedicated to the protection of culturalheritage and to ensure the adoption, by1954, of the Hague Convention, as wellas the first Protocol for the Protection ofC lt l P t i th E t f A d

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Reflections on ICCROM’s 50th AnniversaryMounir Bouchenaki



organization of excavations. In spite ofthe half-century that separates us fromthe drafting of this text, it has to beacknowledged that the issues it raises arestill very much to the fore today.

Tere is no doubt that MemberStates (which number 117 at the time of writing) are increasingly committed toensuring the protection of their culturalheritage. One can take great satisfaction innoting two recent trends that confirm this. Te first is the steady increase over the lastthree decades in the number of States thathave ratified the 1972 Conventionon the Protection of the World Culturaland Natural Heritage, with the prospect

of an almost universal acceptance of thisinternational standard-setting instrument. Tis is highly unusual and worth takingnote of. On three occasions , as aspecialised intergovernmental institution,together with two non-governmentalorganisations, and , is mentionedin the text of the 1972 Convention: in Article8.3, in Article 13.7, and in Article 14.

Here is another reason that leads one toask Member States, as well as those whoare not yet members, to adhere to and thusreinforce ’s role and position as a‘centre of excellence’ for training, researchand awareness-raising in the conservationof cultural heritage.

Te second trend observed on theinternational level, in terms of the States’

interest in cultural heritage, regards thespeed with which the recent Convention for the Safeguarding of theIntangible Cultural Heritage, adoptedin Paris in 2003, was ratified. Nearlyfifty States are at present parties to this

ti hi h h l d t id id

For his part, our colleague Jukka Jokilehto, in his work entitled A History of Architectural Conservation (Oxford, 1999),reminds us that ‘modern conservation hasbeen essentially related to new historicalconsciousness, but it has also been closelylinked with evolving science and systematicresearch for knowledge about the past.’

It is a fact that we are witnessing, onthe one hand, the widespread popularityof ’s World Heritage List, and anardent desire by States to put their culturaland natural heritage sites on that list. Onthe other hand, we are also witnessing to ourregret the damage and destruction of sitesthat are considered less important, hence the

danger of advocating a hierarchy of sites andof distinguishing between major and minortypes of heritage. Similarly, the treatmentof the various forms of intangible culturalheritage must not be perceived as merely aminor adjunct to tangible heritage.

It is worth mentioning, in this respect,the thoughts of the former President of’s General Assembly, Abdelaziz

Daoulatli. During a conference held inReggio Calabria in 2003, he raised the issueof the complementarity of the 1972 and2003 Conventions, stating that ‘both typesof heritage constitute an indivisible whole,tangible heritage being in fact the materialexpression of intangible heritage. Underthese conditions, is it not more prudent and

FROM THE D



4

judicious to synergize both components ofcultural heritage, unifying the methods andmeans used to conserve them, and hencemanage to give an even more humanisticmeaning to the universal, putting greateremphasis on the notion of cultural diversity.’

Concerning this point, ’s role will also be fundamental in assisting with

the implementation of policies for thetraining of technical staff specialised incollecting, recording, listing, safeguarding,and conserving the tangible elements thatgenerally provide the medium for theexpressions and manifestations of mankind’sintangible heritage.

Based on the experience acquired, and the

legitimacy bestowed upon it by its MemberStates, must continue, via itsgoverning bodies of the General Assemblyand the Council, to analyse the state ofcultural heritage worldwide, and to evaluatethe impact of its training and awareness-raising programmes. Tanks to the expertiseaccumulated by ’s staff and experts,one can be sure that the new challenges

facing the international community at thedawn of the third millennium with respectto the safeguarding its cultural and naturalheritage can be met.

All experts agree on the fact thatfragility is one of the characteristics of thecomplex reality that is cultural heritage. Tedisappearance of the latter, as underlinedby French art historian André Chastel,

represents a major loss. Te strategiesdeveloped by my predecessors at over the last few decades, especially in theelaboration and implementation of trainingcourses in Rome and in various locationsaround the world, have contributed in

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FROM THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL



24th General Assembly of ICCROM

Te 24th General Assembly of the MemberStates of took place in Romefrom 9 to 11 November 2005. Te GeneralAssembly approved ’s proposedprogramme for the 2006-2007 Biennium.Long-term activities from the previousbiennia will continue, but there are also

new initiatives such as those focused on theconservation of sound and image archivesand on the conservation of manuscriptcollections.

Te General Assembly approved theappointment of Dr Mounir Bouchenakias the new Director-General of and congratulated the outgoing Director-

General, Dr Nicholas Stanley-Price, on hisachievements during his period of tenure(2000-2005). Delegates also elected thirteennew members of ’s Council.

Te Award was presented to DrAbdel-Aziz Daoulatli. Te award is givento an individual for outstanding servicesin the field of conservation, protection andrestoration of cultural heritage and for

contributing to the development of .Dr Daoulatli has made a major contributionto the conservation of the heritage of unisiain particular and North Africa in general.He has also been of long-standing serviceto . From 1977 to 2001, he servedalmost continuously as a member of the Council. He was also Vice-Chair(1994-1997) and Chair (2000-2001).

New Member States

Te number of countries joining continues to increase. Since June 2006,Bahrain, Brunei Darussalam, Senegal, and ogo have al l become Member States,b i i th t t l t 117

having worked as a consultant on the and Africa 2009 programmes as well as onactivities relating to World Heritage.

On 27 May 2005, held areception to celebrate the remarkable serviceto the organization of Alejandro AlvaBalderrama, Senior Adviser, ArchitecturalConservation, on the occasion of his

retirement after twenty-six years at . Te Director-General stressed Alejandro’sfundamental contribution to ’s workover the years, in particular to the annualArchitectural Conservation course (),and to the promotion worldwide of theconservation of earthen architecture.

In 2006, Herb Stovel, former Unit

Director of the Heritage SettlementsUnit at , was awarded the Medalof the Order for Merits to Lithuania forservices to the protection and preservationof Lithuanian cultural heritage. Hisconservation work in Lithuania wascarried out initially as a consultant forthe Canadian Urban Institute and then asa staff member for , particularly

within the f ramework of the Integrated erritorial and Urban Conservation ()programme.

Fellows and interns

oby Raphael held a five-month fellowshipat from May to September 2005. Heis a senior conservator at the U.S. NationalPark Service () and works at its central

exhibit facility where he serves as exhibitionconservation coordinator for exhibitsnationwide. During his time at , hedeveloped a set of practical standards to assistmanagers, exhibit specialists, and museumstaff in general, in the safe exhibition of

l bl ll ti T ill b

ICCROM News and Events



6

ICCROM Courses

December 2005–November

2005

Core Regional Course onConservation of ArchaeologicalSites, Tripoli, Lebanon. 14November-22 December 2005,16-27 January 2006. Organizedby ICCROM in collaboration with

the Université Libanaise, UNESCOBeirut Office, DGA (GeneralDirectorate of Antiquities, Ministryof Culture, Lebanon), DGAM(General Directorate of Antiquities& Museums, Ministry of Culture,Syria), DGA (Department ofAntiquities, Ministry of Tourism &Antiquities, Jordan).

Asian Academy for HeritageManagement: 2005 Field School

Conservation and Presentationof Archaeological Heritage in anUrban Context , Hanoi, Vietnam.1-12 December 2005. Organizedby ICCROM in collaborationwith UNESCO Bangkok, DeakinUniversity, Hanoi ArchitecturalResearch Institute and HanoiArchitectural University.

International Course: Conservationof Southeast Asian Collections in

Storage, Manila, the Philippines.8-31 May 2006. Organized byICCROM in collaboration withSEAMEO-SPAFA, the NationalMuseum of the Philippines and theUniversity of Santo Tomas.

Third International Course onthe Conservation of Modern Architecture (MARC 2006), Suburbandevelopments of the Recent Past:Visions – Realities – Futures, Helsinki,

Finland. 13 May-9 June 2006.Organized by the Alvar AaltoAcademy, Finnish National Boardof Antiquities, Tampere Universityof Technology, Helsinki Universityof Technology, Chalmers Universityof Technology and ICCROM.

12th International Course on Wood

Ph.D. in Architectural Restoration from theMiddle East echnical University ()in Ankara. During her stay at , shecarried out research on ‘Risk Managementfor Cultural Heritage in South East Anatolia- a pilot study for the cultural landscape ofHasankeyf’.

Dr Robert Waller was a Fellow from

March to August 2006. He has a Ph.D.from Göteborg University Institute forConservation and is currently Chief ofConservation at the Canadian Museum ofNature in Ottawa. During his fellowship, heinvestigated business sectors such as insuranceand the protection of commercial propertiesto see how they could make a majorcontribution to improving the managementand risk assessment of cultural heritage.

Professor Guo Xuan from the Faculty ofArchitecture and Urban Planning, ChingquinUniversity, China, was awarded a two-monthfellowship, from April to May 2006, to carryout research into ‘Architectural conservationin cultural contexts: China. Te regionalinterpretation of international principles’.

During the last twelve months, SarathChandra Boyapati, Sarah Cleary, sepangShano and Ulla Visscher have all heldinternships at . Sarath ChandraBoyapati was a member of the team thatprepared the Management Plan for theHampi World Heritage site in India, andhas experience of working with the IndianNational rust for Arts and Culture. While

at , he assisted the Sites Unit in thedevelopment of the training workshop heldin Tailand in November 2005 under theLiving Heritage Sites programme.

Sarah Cleary held a three-monthinternship sponsored by / and

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ICCROM MATTERS



ICCROM website redesigned

Te website was redesigned inspring 2006 to take account of emerging newstandards for website design. Te redesign was carried out with the support of theItalian Working Group of the EuropeanMinerva Project, a network of Ministriesfrom European Member States (www.

minervaeurope.org). Te objectives of theproject were to create an agreed Europeancommon platform and standards for thedigitisation of cultural and scientific contenton the web, and to ensure long-termaccessibility and preservation.

Te Italian Working Group of the MinervaProject developed a prototype website basedon prior identification of user needs, contentanalysis and specific quality criteria for webapplications, for example taking into accountdifferent disabilities and avoiding the use ofcolours that can harm eyesight. wasinvited to participate as a case study for theproject and benefited from the expertise of thegroup and its methodological approach to webdevelopment.

Recent publications from ICCROM

During the last twelve months, haspublished the following titles:

raditional Conservation Practices in Africa ( Conservation Studies 2),edited by Tierry Joffroy;Conservation of Living Religious Heritage( Conservation Studies 3), edited

by Herb Stovel, Nicholas Stanley-Priceand Robert Killick;Te Preservation of Great Zimbabwe.Your Monument, Our Shrine (Conservation Studies 4) by WebberNdoro; andL l F k f th P t ti f

•

•

•

submissions in French, Italian and Spanishin addition to English. If accepted forpublication after review, the papers are thentranslated into English for their publication.Each article is accompanied by abstractsin English, French and Spanish. isthe only journal covering both theoreticaland practical issues in archaeological site

conservation.

Obituaries

Dr Omotoso Eluyemi, Director of theNational Commission of Museums andMonuments of Nigeria, died on 18 February2006 at the age of 58. Dr Omotoso was aman of several titles: Chief of Ife, the Apenaof Ife, and the Okaomee of Igboukwuamong others. Most of his professionalcolleagues referred to him as ChiefOmotoso. Chief Omotoso was Chairmanof the Steering Committeefrom 2004 to 2005. He was a distinguishedscholar, writer and an accomplished orator.He was appointed to the post of DirectorGeneral of the National Commission of

Museums and Monuments in 2000 and wassuccessful in securing the repatriation ofNigerian antiquities. He was also a Vice-Chair of the World Heritage Committeefrom 2003 to 2005.

Professor Roberto Di Stefano, architectand engineer, passed away on 16 June 2005.He was the pupil of (and successor to)Roberto Pane as Professor in Restoration

at the University of Naples, one of thesignatories of the Venice Charter, anda major contributor to the definition ofmodern restoration theory, often referredto as ‘restauro critico’. Professor DiStefano was an active member of

d l ti id t f th It li



8

In situations of armed conflict, buildingsand places that are symbolic of the enemy’scultural heritage are sometimes the target ofdeliberate attacks. Te tacit goal in destroyingsymbolically important objects or places isto sap enemy morale. As a strategy it hasa long record in the history of war. Te Declaration (2003) concerning the

intentional destruction of cultural heritagehas been developed in response to thisphenomenon.

But intentional targeting is only onesymptom of the impact of armed conflict oncultural heritage. Less commonly reportedare the long-term effects of armed conflict ona people’s identity and sense of belonging toa place and, in turn, the people’s response inensuring the survival of its cultural heritage.In general, the role of cultural heritage inpost-war recovery has received much lessattention than it deserves.

It is all too easy to fall into the trap ofconceiving of this role simply in terms ofthe restoration of war-damaged buildings.Restoration projects can often be beneficial

both psychologically, in reviving the potencyof familiar symbols, and practically inenabling the buildings to resume theirprevious functions. But the thesis concerningculture and recovery from war is muchbroader than that. As the anthropologistValene Smith has written: ‘Wars are withoutequal as the time-markers of society. Livesare so irrevocably changed that culture and

behavior are marked by three phases: “beforethe war”, “during the war”, and “after the war”.’ It is sobering to reflect how often theseor similar phrases must be used around the world today.

Te aim of the 2005 Forum was tob i t th i th t d t t

following a normal life.recognized process, for

Culture in t

Cultural hemaintaining

conflict repris threateneof armed coForum espeaim was to s which it is phistorical pecontempora

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Attentioessential

•

Cultural Heritage in Post-Conflict RecoveryNicholas Stanley-Price

ICCROM FORUM 4-6 October

2005

Armed conflict and conservation:

promoting cultural heritage in

post-war recovery

Invited speakers

Sultan Barakat (Post-War

Reconstruction and DevelopmentUnit, University of York, UK)Post-conflict reconstruction and therecovery of cultural heritage.

Neal Ascherson (author and journalist for The Observer, UK )Cultural destruction by war, and itsimpact on group identities.

Jon Calame (Minerva Partners Inc.,New York, USA)

Divided cities and ethnic conflict inthe urban domain.

Gary Yia Lee (anthropologist, NSW,Australia)Hmong post-war identity production: heritage maintenanceand cultural reinterpretation.

Hermann Graf von Pückler(Kuratorium of Branitz, Germany)Recovering a family heritage: a personal experience in East Germany.

Suad Amiry and Khaldun Bshara(Riwaq Center for ArchitecturalConservation, Palestinian Territories)Political conflict and recovery ofcultural heritage in Palestine.

Valerie Magar (ICCROM) Armed conflict and culture changein Chiapas, Mexico.

Gamini Wijesuriya (ICCROM)The restoration of the Temple of theSacred Tooth Relic in Sri Lanka: a post-conflict cultural response to lossof identity.

Boureima Tiékoroni Diamitani(West African MuseumsProgramme, Senegal)

ICCROM FORUM



immediately after the cessation ofhostilities, testifying to the power of visible cultural symbols in the recoveryprocess (for example, CoventryCathedral in 1945, Dubrovnik in 1993,the emple of the Sacred ooth Relic inSri Lanka in 1998).Craft revival and maintenance of

cultural traditions post-conflict canbe strong unifying factors even aftermassive displacement of populations(e.g. among the Hmong communitydispersed worldwide after the Laocivil war (1953–1973) and for theSalvadoreños, of whom some 2.7 millionare estimated to have emigrated duringthe twelve years of the civil war thatbroke out in 1980). Te drive to recover one’s family’sheritage can be powerful even in theface of formidable offi cial obstacles,exemplified by the Pückler estate ofBranitz in former East Germany. Te value of cultural heritage is wellknown to those who would exploit it in

times of lawlessness but insuffi ciently topeople in general, a scenario in whichmuseums have a leading role to play (e.g.in West Africa).Cultural identities may be transformedas a result of armed conflict (forinstance, among the Hmong and alsoin Chiapas under the Zapatistas) but asense of place and belonging remains

fundamental to human experience.What role for the professionals?

Te Forum concluded with an uncomfortablequestion: whereas, as we had concluded, itis possible to document the importance of

lt i th h ti

•

•

•

•quandary. As Jon Calame observed at theForum with reference to divided cities, ‘adilemma is unavoidable: to participate isinevitably perceived as being partisan, while

inaction squanders opportunities to assisttraumatized communities. Neither optionpresents clear prospects for satisfaction andsuccess. Te neutrality and objectivity that areso much part of the professional’s ordinarymind-set cannot be sustained. Professionalstt ti t id t ki id ft fi d

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10

Emergency preparedness is a topic thatmost museums believe to be importantbut often find diffi cult to allocate time andresources to. Emergencies, after all, do nothappen everyday, and it is easy to postponetaking action to put into effect even basicpreparedness and mitigation measures.For the partners, it was important

not simply to give a course but to helpinstitutions initiate the long process of riskassessment and emergency preparedness. Tat meant creating an education modelthat would extend the experience of a course workshop into the institutional contextsin which the participants worked, and givetrainers/mentors an opportunity to provideongoing support and encouragement.

o serve this goal, eamwork for IntegratedEmergency Management was developed asa three-phase course spread over a periodof eight months: a two-week introductory workshop (15–26 August, 2005) in Bangkok, Tailand; a seven-month distance-mentoringphase (September 2005–March 2006), and areview phase (June 2006).

According to Evelyn Esguerra and RobertoBalarbar from the National Museum ofPhilippines in Manila:

Distance mentoring was able tobridge the gap between the trainers/mentors and participants despitedifferences in time and locations. Tetrainers/mentors were able to guidethe participants as well as check the

assigned tasks given to them. Eachmonthly progress report submittedby participants had a correspondingresponse and evaluation from thementors. It was very useful for theparticipants to know whether they

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Teamwork for Integrated Emergency ManagKathleen Dardes (GCI) and Aparna Tandon (ICCROM)

TIEM

TIEM has been organizedwithin the framework of theMEP (Museums EmergencyProgramme) education initiative.MEP is a response to theneeds expressed by museumprofessionals all over the worldto develop expertise in the areasof emergency preparedness andresponse.

Partners

ICCROM The International Council ofMuseums (ICOM) The Getty Conservation Institute(GCI)

Participants

National Museum of Cambodia,Phnom Penh, CambodiaNational Museum of Man, Bhopal,IndiaNational Museum of Ethnology,Osaka, JapanNational Museum of Korea, Seoul,Republic of KoreaNational Museum of thePhilippines, Manila, PhilippinesColombo National Museum, SriLanka

National Museum, Bangkok, ThailandVietnam Museum of Ethnology,Hanoi, Vietnam

Additional participants include:representatives of GraduateProgrammes in Museology ofHanoi University of Culture,Vietnam, and of the University ofPhilippines, Manila; Art Gallery ofHamilton, Ontario; and Canadian

Conservation Institute, Ottawa,Canada.

Kathleen Dardes is Senior ProjectSpecialist, Education, at The GettyConservation Institute.

PREVENTIVE CONSERVATION



Te World ourism Organization forecaststhat the number of tourists travelling fromone country to another will increase from 700million today to 1.5 billion in 2020. Culturalheritage is a strong motive for people to traveland, therefore, a key factor in developingtourism. Despite a growing awareness of theneed to protect cultural heritage, it is vital to

take into account the potential destructionto the natural and cultural environmentcaused by mass tourism. But rather thancensuring tourism, which constitutes anindispensable resource for many countries,heritage organizations should, together withtourism professionals, implement a jointaction plan to make travellers more aware ofthe vulnerability of cultural heritage and ofthe need to protect it.

’s first initiative in this area was a workshop on the use of travel guidebooks toraise awareness about heritage conservation(see Newsletter 30 (2004): 8).Results arising from this workshop includethe printing of messages on the fragilityof cultural heritage in the latest editions

or reprints of the Lonely Planet (Frenchedition), Michelin (French and Italianeditions) and ouring Club guidebooks.

Subsequently, in 2005, and decided to target other sectorsof the tourist industry that were capableof reaching large numbers of travellers. Asecond workshop, ‘Developing ourism andProtecting Cultural Heritage: a Challenge for

the wenty-First Century’, was held whichfocused on national tourism boards and touroperator associations already aware of theissue of responsible tourism.

Te aim of the workshop was to gatherthe various points of view and personal

i f t l f i l d t

Travel Operators: New Partners in Protecting Cultural Heritage

to visit before they depart, and to prepareaccordingly. Tey want more enrichingexperiences, and are ready to give up certaincomforts on condition that they find thesites relatively unspoilt. Based on this newtrend, businesses have created a new typeof ‘environmental’ guide and offer populartravel packages that include, apart from the

usual features, nature conservation activitiesin which tourists can participate with thelocal communities.

In his presentation, Andreas Mueseler,of ouristik, highlighted the close linkbetween cultural heritage and the touristindustry. According to one study, 79% ofpeople surveyed believed that the integrityof the natural environment is an essentialfactor in the choice of a destination; 70% would like to receive qualified informationon cultural heritage in their own language;and 81% consider the natural environmentas important as the cultural and socialenvironments. Such results will play animportant role in determining the futurestrategies of the tourist industry.

Other organizations are also workingon awareness initiatives. A group oftour operators have created a network, our Operators Initiatives (), whichis supported by the United NationsEnvironment Programme (), ,and the World ourism Organization(). Te aim of the network is to developresponsible tourism and diffuse material

for awareness-raising campaigns. hascreated a series of tools (brochures, leaflets,posters, -s and ‘passports’) to protectcoral reefs, which have been disseminatedthroughout the network.

Clearly, tourism professionals arel d i l d i t ti th t l

Catherine Antomarchi (ICCROM) and Monica Ardemagni



12

UN Millennium Development

Goals

1 Eradicate extreme poverty by2015

2 Achieve universal primaryeducation

3 Promote gender equality andempower women

4 Reduce child mortality

5 Improve maternal health

6 Combat HIV/AIDs, malaria andother diseases

7 Ensure environmentalsustainability

8 Develop a global partnership fordevelopment

Millennium Development Goals and CulturaWebber Ndoro and Maria Teresa Jaquinta (ICCROM)

In 2000 the United Nations proposed eightMillennium Development Goals (s)to promote concrete actions for the worldto address extreme poverty in its manydimensions: income poverty, hunger, disease,lack of adequate shelter, and exclusion. With atarget date of 2015, the s are a first attemptto subject the development process to the

discipline of showing that it can improve liveson a large scale within an agreed time-frame. When they were made public, however, manyheritage professionals must have wondered whythere was no reference to cultural heritage andthe role that it can play in achieving the s.

One of the most important aspect of thes is the focus not only on lack of income,but also on accompanying problems such aslack of education, gender inequality, infectiousdisease, and feelings of hopelessness, loss ofidentity, and lack of self-esteem. Te effects ofpoverty go beyond the individual, impactingon whole communities and nations, affectingtheir ability to sustain themselves and their ways of life, including their cultural heritageand historic environment.

Yet cultural heritage and the historicenvironment help reinforce meaning andidentity in individuals, and cohesion incommunities. It follows, therefore, that theconservation of historic buildings, towns,landscapes, and collections should have animportant role to play in any meaningfulpoverty reduction programme leading tosustainable economic development.

Tis sort of development is only possiblethrough the empowerment and involvementof local communities in the decision-makingprocess An example is related in a bookpublished by the World Bank (M. Palmer(2003), Faith in Conservation: new approaches to

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CULTURE & DEVELOPMENT



COLLASIA 2010: Professionals on the Move

Te solid and rooted atmosphere of museumsoften makes us forget how far many of theobjects in the collections have travelled. Tehistory of material culture is also a history ofmovement: things have been sent, shipped,sold or lost, ending up sometimes in verysurprising locations. Without forgetting thedeep tragedy of looted heritage, which has

left serious scars on the cultural identity ofpeoples around the world, the richness of thestories embedded in the travels of materialculture is a deep resource.

Te CollAsia 2010 programme is alsoputting the professionals involved inconserving this heritage on the move. Since2002, five activities have mobilized over onehundred professionals within the SoutheastAsian countries and beyond. Workshops andother activities have provided opportunitiesfor groups of up to twenty-five colleaguesto discuss issues relevant to shaping soundand sustainable conservation actions. Whilethere are many regional mechanisms ofinternational collaboration in SoutheastAsia, so far very few of them have engaged

the conservation professionals. Te CollAsia2010 workshops, organized in differentcountries in collaboration with local heritageinstitutions, offer precious opportunitiesfor professionals to learn more about thematerial culture in its different forms and in varied contexts.

oday, there is still very little publishedliterature on conservation of Southeast

Asian movable heritage. Tis makes theexperience that individual professionals havegained by working with collections in theirinstitutions a crucial resource for buildingthe knowledge base of the profession inthe region. Te didactic approach of the

k h f i bl l i

to meeting the challenges they face in their work. Furthermore, the Netherlands wasalso the host for the riennial meeting of the- (International Council of Museums– Committee for Conservation) in 2005. TeCollAsia workshop was timed to culminate inthe whole group participating in the -meeting in Te Hague.

wenty-two of the twenty-five -conference participants from Southeast Asiatook part in the event thanks to the professionaldevelopment component of the CollAsia2010 programme. While this is still too fewto represent a region of 600 million peoplein a gathering of over 900 professionals, suchparticipation was an important step forwardin integrating Southeast Asian professionals with the international community of colleagues. aking part in the specialized working groupsof the -, which cover subjects rangingfrom ‘Teory and history of restoration’ to‘Wet organic and archaeological materials’,is a concrete way of contributing to thedevelopment of the profession in SoutheastAsia.

It is to be hoped that in the years to comethe heritage institutions in Southeast Asia will make the most of such professionalmeetings to further the development oftheir staff: they are important occasionsfor affi rming the presence and relevance ofSoutheast Asian museums to internationaldiscussions on the future of conservationactions.

In this world of things that do not stayin one place, the international gathering inthe Netherlands provided valuable contacts with colleagues from those countries whichproduced some of the objects that haveended up in collections in even the remotest

f S th t A i ki f

Katriina Similä (ICCROM)



14

Archives are the repositories of humanity’sdocumentary heritage. In fulfilling theirmission, archival institutions are confronted with the steep challenge of having to preservethe physical integrity of a large variety of pastand present records, and to provide access tothe recorded information.

Te spectrum of materials and formats

that has been used to create archival recordsis amazingly broad, ranging, for example,from iron-gall inks on parchment to laser-modified photosensitive dyes on metallizedand lacquer-coated polycarbonate supportsof -s. Tere is still a great deal to learnabout the material behaviour of these recordsto ensure their optimum preservation andaccessibility. Tis is especially true for themore recent and widely diversified media,some of which have worryingly shortlifetimes, such as certain types of colourphotographs, cellulose nitrate and acetatefilms, and magnetic tapes and disks.

Significant knowledge gaps exist alsobeyond the tangible aspects of archivalrecords, including issues of gathering,

manipulation, classification, storage andretrieval of recorded information, bothanalogue and especially digital. Tey acquirea disturbing dimension when one considersthe already overwhelming and fast-growingbody of recorded information produced inthe current Information Age.

Science can offer a sound contributionby advancing the state of knowledge

necessary to meet archival preservationand access challenges. Such a contributionencompasses the better understanding andimprovement of the material aspects ofrecords and of their environment by theNatural Sciences, as well as the application

f i f ti d t t i t d

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to evaluate actively parscience, andfrom it, to tcollections.the understconcepts anmethodologexperimentreciprocallythe capacityand graphs

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Science and Archives: the Advantages of ReJosé Luiz Pedersoli Junior(ICCROM)

International Course on

Science and Conservation of

Archival Collections

11 - 29 July 2005, Rio de Janeiro,Brazil.

The core objective of this coursewas to strengthen the participants’scientific and archival literacy,thereby improving theirunderstanding of the application ofscience and technology to archivalcollections. It addressed the needsto build a common languagebetween science and preservation,and to encourage integratedplanning of preservation strategieswithin a truly interdisciplinaryenvironment.

Partners

Instituut Collectie Nederland (ICN)Centre de Recherches sur laConservation des DocumentsGraphiques (CRCDG), France

Course participants discuss scientific

ARCHIVES & LIBRARY COLLECTIONS CONSERVATION



The Non-Catholic Cemetery in RomeSarah Cleary and Sophie Hsu-Ming Lizeray

During the summer of 2005, undertook a three-month study of the Non-Catholic Cemetery, located immediatelyinside the walls of historic Rome andadjacent to the well-known Pyramid of CaiusCestius (dating from approximately 12 ).After a request from the manager of thecemetery, and following its inclusion on the

World Monuments Watch List of the 100Most Endangered Sites, offered toundertake a study of the cemetery for theCommittee of Ambassadors responsible forits management. Tis committee comprisesambassadors of fourteen of the countries whose citizens are buried at the cemetery.

Te study was carried out by aninterdisciplinary group including architecturaland archaeological conservators, a landscapearchitect, an urban planner, and a financialmanagement specialist. A horticultural expert was also consulted. Te objectives of thestudy were to analyse issues related to theoverall management of the site, includingthe conservation of the cemetery’s landscape,stone monuments and markers. Te study

made recommendations for its long-term,sustainable management and conservation. Te cemetery, which remains in use

today, has a marked uniqueness derivedfrom its history, location and landscape. Tesite was first used for burials in 1738, withthe majority of those interred representingnon-Catholic foreigners who visited or livedin Rome. oday, it is a place of pilgrimage:

visitors come f rom around the world to paytheir respects to the important historicalfigures buried there. Among those whosegraves can be found at the cemetery are theBritish poets, John Keats and Percy ByssheShelley, the American poet, Gregory Corso,th G hit t G ttf i d S

sizes, shapes, materials, and artistic values. Te cemetery is comparable to an outdoorsculpture garden.

Te study found that the main problems with respect to the landscape include groundsubsidence, poor design and use of space, andthe need to improve the working practicesof the gardening staff. Te condition of themonuments was also a concern, with over75% in need of conservation treatments, 27%of which were considered urgent. Causesof conservation problems include moisture,

pollution, and other environmental factors. It was also found that a lack of suffi cient funds was an issue both for the conservation and forthe general management of the site. Te studyidentified areas where improvements couldbe made to conservation practices, landscape

d i t d t ll it

S



16

Building a Risk Management Learning Comm

In June 2003, and (the CanadianConservation Institute) organized jointly aninternational course on recent advances inpreventive conservation. In the ensuing courseevaluation, participants indicated that the mostinnovative part of the course was that dedicatedto ‘Risk management’. Responding to this,a course on ‘Reducing Risk to Collections’

was organized and held two years later in2005; it was heavily oversubscribed, with 122applications from sixteen countries competingfor the nineteen places on the course.

Why the interest? Although thinkingand practice in preventive conservation hasbeen widely disseminated in the last 30 years,professionals are still looking for a reliableapproach to making the best preservationdecisions for their collections, one thatinvolves and can be easily communicatedto all parties, in particular to the nationalauthorities and partners which providethe necessary resources to the heritageinstitutions. Risk management provides suchan approach; its genesis lies in the worldsof finance, health, safety, and others, where

prediction is essential to inform highlycomplex and critical decisions. When applied to cultural heritage, risk

management is not only concerned with themanagement of disasters and emergencies,such as floods or fires, but also with muchslower, more frequent and smaller risks,such as the steady development of a pestinfestation on an precious collection of books

or regular shocks suffered by a major artworkin transit. In a generation or two, those sloweror smaller risks can have a disastrous impacton the value of a collection.

Te appealing aspect of this approach isthat it is centred on estimating the loss in

l f th lt l h it hi h i f

and individuthere is a neof professio willing to apand to share

Te part2005 courseof this comm

was specificrelationshipan interactivcourse, partirisk managethey could c workplaces.79% of the g

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the Barbadoin the newslof Antwerp.in educationcourse curricArchives in G d t P

Isabelle Verger and Catherine Antomarchi (ICCROM)

Preventive Conservation:

Reducing Risk to Collections

6 - 24 June 2005, Rome

Partners

CCI (Canadian ConservationInstitute)

In collaboration with CNM

(Canadian Museum of Nature)and ICN (Netherlands Institute forCultural Heritage).

With the support of the ItalianMinistry of Foreign Affairs,Development Cooperation.

Course participants evaluating packingand transport risks

PREVENTIVE CONSERVATION



ICCROM and the Conservation of Built Heritage

In November 2005, the GeneralAssembly approved a new programmecalled Conservation of the Built Heritage. Te programme reflects ’s extensiveexperience in capacity building in this area,including the long running ArchitecturalConservation Course (), the courses onconservation of wood, stone, and modern

architecture, and the , , , and programmes.Following external evaluations of both

the and the Venice Stone courses, the secretariat undertook an examinationof current needs in the field, using a wide variety of sources. A working group of the Council looked at the future ofarchitectural conservation at . A

proposed programme was then developed by staff, and discussed and refined at ameeting, in June 2005, of twenty-five expertsfrom various regions and specialities.

Te resulting Conservation of theBuilt Heritage programme is designed tostrengthen the application of integratedapproaches to the practice of conservation

of the built heritage. Emphasis is placedon a concern for balancing managerial andtechnical concerns, promoting traditionalconstruction and management systems, andstressing preventive conservation approachesincluding risk preparedness. Links betweenconservation practice for immovable andmovable, and tangible and intangible heritage, will also be strengthened.

Te programme is anchored by a newcourse on Conservation of the BuiltHeritage to be held every two years inRome. Tis eight-week course is aimed atgiving participants a better understanding ofintegrated approaches to conservation of theb ilt h it l ki t th l l i

be held in Rome, Italy in 2007), and theInternational Course on the echnology ofStone Conservation (to be held in Venice,Italy in 2007).

Te programme also embraces ’sLiving Heritage Sites and Conservation ofArchaeological Sites sub-programmes, anda range of activities which includes research

projects, technical support, field activities. Asthe programme matures, other themes will bedeveloped.

Te strength of the new Conservationof the Built Heritage Programme will bein its programmatic approach. As withother programmes developed overthe past fifteen years, the objective of theprogramme — to strengthen an integrated

approach to built heritage conservation— was defined and then a range of activitiescreated to meet that objective. Tese activitiessupport each other and work together toproduce the desired outcomes. By using theprogrammatic approach, ensures thatthe combined results will be much strongerthan those produced by any single activity.

Te programmatic approach also allows foreasier evaluation and monitoring of progress, with the possibility of adjustments over timeto ensure that the objective of the programmeis achieved.

Joe King (ICCROM)



18

Living heritage implies a focus on peopleboth past and present and their culturalproducts both tangible and intangible. Teliving heritage approach is an interactiveone that respects people’s voices, pride, self-esteem, and sense of ownership in heritagemanagement. It emphasizes the importanceof flexibility and sustainability in a cultural

framework rather than universality inconservation decision-making. Te maingoal of the Living Heritage programme isto promote awareness of the living heritageapproach and to create tools necessary forheritage professionals to engage successfullycommunities in conservation.

o develop and strengthen appropriatetools for this approach, a pilot research

project is being conducted in Phrae provincein Tailand. Te results draw attention to thechallenges of involving local communitiesin heritage management, particularly ina fast changing society whose youth isabandoning the familiar environments forbetter opportunities, and where developmentpressures are intense.

A subsequent workshop on ‘Empoweringthe Community’ focused on some of the keyconcepts: living heritage (what is it and whereis it?), community (why is it important? howdo we define it?), conservation (how to protectliving heritage). Teir interrelationships werediscussed and the main points to emerge aresummarized below.

Expanding and clarifying the context

Living Heritage is considered as thesum of all expressions resulting from theinteraction between people and nature; itstresses the need to understand heritage inrelation to the ecological context within

hi h f ti ff t

Defining th

People are, a various meareligious, resgroups of difishing villagtheir traditioto a locality

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Conservcommunitieh it h

Living Heritage Sites Workshop: EmpowerinGamini Wijesuriya, Kazuhiko Nishi and Joe King (ICCROM)

Training workshop: Living

Heritage - Empowering the

Community

Phrae, Thailand.November 2005

The objective of the workshop wasto improve the management ofhistoric sites in the Mekong RiverRegion, taking into consideration

their living aspects and values.

Partners

SPAFA (SEAMEO Regional Centrefor Archaeology and Fine Arts)Fine Arts Department, Ministry ofEducation, ThailandChildren of Phrae Group (CoP/LMP)

Living Heritage Sites

Programme

The ‘Living Heritage’ approach canhelp a well-organized, focusedand committed communitygroup to make significant gainsin protecting its own heritage. Through its Living Heritage Sitesprogramme, ICCROM aspires toprovide both communities and

heritage organizations with newtools to achieve this.

LIVING HERITAGE

Vanishing traditions from Phrae.



Conservation Training in the Arab Region: Regional Context and

International Trends

Te first regional course of the programme, on the conservation ofarchaeological sites, took place from 14November 2005 to 28 January 2006 in ripoli, Lebanon. Te course, which focusedon the countries of Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan, aimed at building the capacitiesof professionals to become more involved

in the management and decision-makingprocess related to conservation projects intheir countries. Te course also began theprocess of establishing a regional networkof professionals and developing appropriateinterdisciplinary training in conservation atuniversities and training institutions in theregion. Te partners in the course were theLebanese University, the Offi ce in

Beirut, and the directorates of antiquities ofthe three countries concerned.

With any regional programme such as, there is a need to find a balancebetween international principles and valuesin conservation and those that are relativeto the system and cultural context of theheritage to be conserved. For a coursedevoted to conservation of cultural heritagein the Arab region, this means addressingthe fundamental issues relevant to regionalconservation approaches that are rootedin the Arab historical context as well ascontemporary international trends in thefield. For example, the Waqf (an endowmentfounded on the idea of producing charity inperpetuity from a set of fixed assets) can be

considered as a regional mechanism for theconservation of historic structures from theninth century until the political and socialtransformations of the twentieth century.Recent research by A. El Habashi has shownthat the principles for treating buildings

ithi th hi t i l t t f W f t

such as the Comité de Conservation desMonuments de l’Art Arabe in Egypt (which

actively conserved and restored the ‘Islamic’monuments of Egypt from 1882 until1954), and the emerging directorates ofantiquities in the region enforcing western-led legislative measures for the conservationof ‘monuments’. Tis part of the coursehighlighted the various philosophicalapproaches these institutions adopted duringseveral decades of activities, with implicationson approaches and social attitudes towardsheritage conservation in the Arab world.

Te course also focused on a number ofimportant conservation processes includingheritage management and planning,documentation and research, diagnosis ofcauses of deterioration, site presentation, andconservation techniques for some common

types of heritage in the region. Classroomactivities were reinforced by field work atthe World Heritage site of Byblos, whereparticipants were able to apply many of theconcepts discussed.

As a result of the course, participantsbl t i th d t t h

Zaki Aslan (ICCROM)



20

It is a commonly accepted truth thatconservation should play an important rolefor the field of archaeology, at least in theory.For a long time now, international resolutions,charters and a significant number of nationallaws have emphasized the need to includeconservation within archaeological research.However, implementation of these norms

at most archaeological sites, and with theircollections, is often far f rom being a reality,hence the continuous requirements fortraining in this field.

Dealing with archaeological heritageis undoubtedly a complex task, requiringattention to technical, economic, aestheticand symbolic aspects. Of all these, economicfactors are most commonly cited as the

major constraint upon the implementationof conservation measures. Given limitedresources, as is often the case in the culturalsector, conservation is perceived as aluxury, with painfully slow processes thatrequire expensive techniques and materials.Conservation is thus often seen as limitingadvances in the knowledge of the past. Without denying scarcity in resources andthe consequent limitations, a more seriousthreat is posed by a lack of understanding andcooperation among professionals involved with the archaeological heritage.

It is not suffi cient to implement separateconservation and archaeological activities,either site- or collections-oriented. Hence,archaeologists and conservators need to learn

about each other’s professions, within thecontext of a joint curriculum. In this manner,each profession would not be learning about‘the other’ from a distance, but would besharing the learning process and, throughthis, creating a common language — the keyt l f t ti Ti t

process, to tand the lon

Courses collaboratioprovide the to bring togdifferent culin theoretic

the aim of iand perhapsattitudes ancreate this n

One of tcurrently coof training Because of in this part

training in Working wiand Montedesigned toregional contaken placecourse heldoffered an omanagementhree-weekarchaeologieastern Serb

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t bili ti

Training in Archaeological Conservation in Valerie Magar (ICCROM)

Course on Archaeological

Conservation

Diana-Karatas, Serbia andMontenegro18 August - 7 September 2005

PartnerDiana Department for PreventiveConservation, National Museum,Belgrade

ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONSERVATION



Christian Biggi

As an archaeologist, my application to’s internship programme was based ona desire to understand better the approachesto protecting the cultural heritage which isdiscovered by my profession, but all too oftenneglected afterwards. I was excited to beaccepted as intern to the programme

as it gave me the chance to complement andimprove my knowledge of archaeologicalconservation in another region.

Te internship involved me in thepreparation of training courses forprofessionals from Syria, Jordan andLebanon. Te workload was considerablebut multifaceted, and allowed me to assistin course preparation at every level. I

believe that contact with the many high-level experts and participants that attracts was an invaluable experience whichis rarely matched elsewhere. Working forthe programme allowed me to comeinto contact with the heritage of the ArabRegion and those people working there, who are highly committed to professionalcapacity building and the preservation ofcultural heritage and sites.

Sarath Chandra Boyapati

My internship at was a valuableexperience in my life, professionally andpersonally. Working on the community-based Living Heritage programme at broadened my knowledge about conservation

theory and practice, and helped me to addressthe complex issues of managing a livingheritage site.In my current role I coordinate multipleagencies in an integrated conservationapproach to the World Heritage Site ofH i Ti i ltidi i li

posed to collections in Southeast Asia, andthe professional systems and environments in which conservators and heritage institutionsoperate in underfunded or developingconservation environments. I was also ableto further my learning in the superb library and at various symposia where I was able to observe ‘ in action’! Tis

provided me with a greater understanding ofhow IGOs can operate in an internationaland highly complex field, through education,awareness and advocacy. As a result my view of conservation has shifted to a moreinternational outlook, based on factors suchas sustainability, appropriate technologies,relevance to local environments, andcommunity interaction.

I will always remember my time at fondly, and as a time of growth and learningfor which I am eternally grateful.

Maria Corsino

My internship at has greatly enrichedmy approach to science and conservation. Te object of my research was silicon-basedproducts and how their application canbe optimized for conservation purposes. Icollaborated closely with Ernesto Borrelli,Laboratory Coordinator.

I also took advantage of ’sintellectual environment. As an intern, Ihad the opportunity to interact with other staff, interns and fellows, and toattend lectures on many different topics. Tis

has benefited me in my current architecturalconservation project, collaborating withprofessionals in other fields. I have been ableto communicate successfully conservationissues and notions, and this has resulted in aconservation-friendly outcome. Conservationi l i t t i t i t ith

Reflections on ICCROM’s Internship Programme



22

mortars and renders. Australia does not havea tradition of applying hydraulic additivessuch as pozzolana to mortars and concrete aspioneered by the ancient Romans, so I wasinterested in its modern applications.

Recently, I have been able to applymy research to a conservationproject in Sydney for the Macquarie Place

Obelisk, designed in 1816 to mark thedistances from the young port Colony.I am taking a very methodical andunconventional approach by planning the work in stages, with a prolonged testingand documentation stage to understand thedecay mechanisms and micro-environmentaround the monument, before beginningconservation treatments. We have included

some mortar trials adding a pozzolana(trass ) to a lime-based mortar to infill semi-detached contour scale on the sandstone, inthe hope that it will be more durable thantraditional lime sand mortars.

My memories of are of wonderfuldedicated people and good work, so I wish you all ‘buon lavoro’.

Gayle McIntyre

As an intern and moderator for theInternational Course on Reducing Risksto Collections, I had the rare opportunityto integrate and align my experience andexpertise with the current research, theclever and witty curriculum design, theteaching talents, and the multiple resources

and skills contained within the CollectionsUnit of . It was remarkable toobserve how this small department workstirelessly on multi-layered and complicatedprojects with such style, grace, commitmentand genuine passion.

Ti i t hi ff d d th

Gudrun Sch

Working wiproject, andof the Shar2004 Coursinto many cinvolved disa heritage p

its conservahow could t vulnerabilitpublic? Andthe history

I currentof managemrole in whicbetween all

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Ulla Vissche

During my developing plan and a lpreservationarchive. I reand also haand archiveand foreign

how they wDisaster with local suexpertise. Innational insown boundaf h ll

Anne Cummins

Gudrun Schmid

TRAINING



ICCROM Library: Selected New AcquisitionsPaul Arenson (ICCROM)

CONSERV

Archaeology

Mitigation of construction impact on archaeologicalremains. Vol. 1: Main report. Vol. 2: Database ofarchaeological mitigation strategies , M. J. Daviset al. (London: English Heritage) 2004. 1-901992-47-0 Tis study, commissioned by EnglishHeritage, discusses ways to avoid or limit

damage and disturbance to archaeologicalsites and in situ remains that are subjectto development works or constructionprojects. Separate sections cover optionsintended to lessen impact before, duringand after construction, as well as monitoringtechniques and mitigation strategies such asreburial. An accompanying - containsa database of archaeological and construction

sites where these strategies have been put touse.

Arqueología preventiva en el Eje Cafetero:reconocimiento y rescate arqueológico en los municipios jurisdicción del Fondo para la reconstrucción del EjeCafetero, FOREC , Carlos Andrés Barragán andVíctor González Fernández (eds.) (Bogota:Instituto Colombiano de Antropología eHistoria ()) 2001. 958-8181-03-8After the 1999 earthquake in the Colombiancoffee-growing region known as the EjeCafetero, the Colombian government createda special fund, , for the reconstructionand development of the region. Tis bookpresents efforts made to protect the region’srich archaeological heritage, with an emphasis

on the role of preventive archaeology in theresearch process. Te studies, covering therescue and monitoring of archaeologicalheritage within the affected municipalities,are documented, along with the legalinstruments used by .

a series of government buildings, privatemansions and industrial sites. Also featuredis a revitalization project for the PlakaDistrict, the historical centre of Athens. Aneditorial effort is made to display the tensionsbetween ideal and feasible restoration goals,and the balance struck between the needs ofpreservation and modernization.

Mostart: A Bridge Story , Rusmir Ćišić, ihomir Rozić, and Anto Šain (Mostar: City of Mostar) 2004. Tis book documents the project to rebuildthe Stari Most (Mostar Bridge), destroyed byartillery fire in 1993 and now reconstructedby the City of Mostar with assistance andfunding from and the World Bank.

Sections in Bosnian and in English cover:the bridge’s history; a structural analysis ofthe bridge design; sampling and classificationof original building materials such as stone,mortar and metal; strengthening of the bridgefoundations; and the specifications for, andcutting of, new enelija stone blocks to beused in the reconstruction. Also presentedare the archaeological investigations andtechnical description of the associated araand Halebija owers, which were rebuilt aspart of this project.

Archives and library conservation

Scelte e strategie per la conservazione dellamemoria (Choices and strategies for preservationof the collective memory), Maria eresa anasi

et al. (eds.) (Bolzano: Archivio di Stato) 2005. 88-7574-048-8 Te papers of this international convention,held in Dobbiaco in 2002, outline dangersand solutions for the preservation of archivalinformation, on whichever support or formatit b f d B d t i i l d



24 CONSERVATION RESOURCES

Vaucluse and Drôme departments in France. Te purpose was to educate the public aboutthe sources of deterioration that commonlydegrade or destroy archival documents. Teseinclude: humidity and temperature levels,dust and light; biodeterioration from mouldand bacteria, or from insect and rodentattack; air pollution; and disaster events such

as fire and flood. Also covered are preventiveconservation, archival housing and inventory,and document restoration techniquesincluding anoxic deinfestation and paperreintegration.

Biology, microbiology, infestation

Schimmel: Gefahr für Mensch und Kulturgutdurch Mikroorganismen (Fungi: a threat for people

and cultural heritage through micro-organisms),Angelika Rauch, et al. (eds.) (Stuttgart: Konrad Teiss Verlag) 2004. 3-8062-1925-7 Tese papers, presented at the 2001 conference, focus on the dangers posed bymould and other forms of microbiologicalattack, both to cultural property objectsand to the persons who work or come intocontact with them. Broad topics include:the identification of microbial attack;contamination causes; types of object damage;prevention and treatment options; andprecautions to shield humans from healthrisk. Te contributions of biologists, medicaldoctors, archivists, and lawyers were soughtin addition to those of conservators, so as tocreate an interdisciplinary discussion useful to

the conservation profession yet also accessibleto the general public.

Earthen architecture

Arquitectura de erra em Portugal/Earth Architecture in Portugal , Maria Fernandes andM i C i ( d ) (A i ã C t

Legislation

Les monumeVols. I et II ,Audrerie (e 2-7475In celebratioof the groundedicated to

monumentsLimoges to worldwide oand immovapapers presescholars, lawprofessionalconcern for legislation,

regional dev

Going, Goinin Illicit Ant(Leicester, U 1-9039 aking as iincreasing tbook presenregulating tof antiquitiloopholes e well as waynot appropantiquities presents inthouses and

sides why t working, anmarket as a

Mural paint

La Pintura MR t ió



CONSERV

Madrasa Amiriya: la conservazione delle pitturemurali/Amiriya Madrasa: conservation of themural paintings , Selma Al Radi, RobertoNardi, and Chiara Zizola (Rome: Centro diConservazione Archeologica) 2005. Arabic: 88-901903-2-9; Italian: 88-901903-0-2; English: 88-901903-1-0 Tis book details the restoration project of

the mural paintings of the Amiriya Madrasa,one of Yemen’s most significant monuments, which was undertaken by the ArchaeologicalConservation Centre of Rome withthe help of international funding. Terestoration work provided the occasion fora six-month course in 2003 which trained Yemeni professionals in mural paintingconservation and maintenance. Te book,

available in Arabic, Italian and English versions, describes all stages of the project,as well as providing extensive photographicdocumentation of the beautiful temperamural paintings, both pre- and post-conservation.

Museum storage

Magasinbygningens, fysik og funktion: postprint, Maj Ringgaard et al. (eds.) (Hvidovre,Denmark: Nordisk Konservatorforbund,danske afdeling) 2005. 87-990583-8Papers from this 2004 course on museumstorage, held by the Danish chapter ofthe Nordic Conservation Association,investigate topics such as facilities designand layout, environmental monitoring,

collections management and tracking, andrisk management. Tis situation of museumstorage in the Faeroe Islands, Iceland andSweden is also discussed. Te publicationends with a section of course surveysevaluating conditions in six Danish museumt f iliti

criteria and techniques, climatic effects on themechanical behaviour of paintings, evaluatingand correcting tensioning levels, and othertopics are discussed.

aiteen Muisti: konservoinnin kerrostumia / Art’s Memory: layers of conservation, ReettaKuojärvi-Närhi et al. (eds.) (Helsinki:

Sinebrychoff Art Museum) 2005. 951-53-2730-X In the course of the 2001-2002 restorationof the Sinebrychoff Art Museum, a historichouse museum located in Helsinki, aseries of interventions took place to thehouse interior as well as to its collectionsof furniture, panel paintings, portraitminiatures and pastels. Among the paintings

restored were works by Giovanni Boccati, Jürgen Ovens, and Marten de Vos. Tisbilingual publication f rom the Valtion aidemuseo (Finnish National Gallery)documents the restorations and the scientificanalyses that preceded them, and provideshistorical background on the house and itsobjects, including discoveries that came tolight as a result of the conservation work.

Site management and maintenance

Historic Fortification Preservation Handbook,David M. Hansen, Kimberly Keagle andDeborah Rehn (WA: Washington State Parks& Recreation Commission) 2003. Tis handbook, produced by the WashingtonState Parks and Recreation Commission

together with the United States NationalPark Service and the University of Oregon,addresses the fundamental issues of historicfortification designation and management.Individual sections cover: the identificationand evaluation of military fortifications

hi t i ti idi l



26 CONSERVATION RESOURCES

Att vårda en kyrka , Elisabeth Svalin(Stockholm: Verbum Förlag) 2004. 91-526-3011-0 Tis short volume on church maintenance,produced in conjunction with theRiksantikvarieämbetet (Swedish NationalHeritage Board), provides practical guidanceto caretakers of church property in Sweden.

Te book discusses church interiors andexteriors with a focus on climate issues,the daily handling of church objects andcleaning of church spaces, the creationand maintenance of inventories, and riskmanagement issues such as security, fire, theftand safety. Each chapter ends with a checklistof recommended actions, and containssuggestions on how to design maintenance

routines. For instances where expertassistance must be sought and permissionsobtained, information is given on the typesof Swedish antiquities authorities and theassistance each can provide.

Sculpture

Policromia: a escultura policromada religiosa dosséculos XVII e XVIII: estudo comparativo dastécnicas, alterações e conservação em Portugal, Espanha e Bélgi, Ana Isabel Seruya et al. (eds.)(Lisbon: Instituto português de conservação erestauro (IPCR)) 2004. 972-95724-4-5 Tis book arose from a comparative studyproject starting in 1999 which involved ninemovable-objects conservation institutions inPortugal, Spain and Belgium. Te intent was

to create a subject database, as well as to worksystematically towards a European standardof best practices for conserving religiouspolychrome Baroque sculpture. Papers fromthe 2002 conference held at the IPCR inLisbon present different aspects of the topic,i l di t d f t h i d t i ti

conference tourism para more ethicprofits are usustainable preservationpresented, atourism init

the Near EaUrban cons

Cairo: ReviStefano Bia(urin: Um 88-422Cairo, with is one of the

in the worldprofoundly monumentsits residents while preserAga Khan urban redevAl-Azhar ppreviously bAyyubid cithistoric butDarb al-Ahthis volumemonumentsredevelopmreconciling Cairo reside

Te Science ofand Jane DaAllemandi &Despite nummonumentsf fl di



The following books are a selection of recenttitles offered for sale by ICCROM. Unlessotherwise noted, works are in the language(s)of the title.

The books may be purchased online from theICCROM bookshop (http://www.iccrom.org/eng/db_bookshop.asp), or by downloadingthe order form, or by writing directly tothe bookshop at ICCROM (address on backcover).

Publications for Sale

Conservation of LivingReligious Heritage ,H. Stovel, N. Stanley-Price and R. Killick(eds). Rome: ,2005. 113 pp. (

Porous Building Materials - MaterialsScience for ArchitecturalConservation,G. orraca. Reprint.Rome: , 2005.

149 pp. €15.00

raditionalConservation Practicesin Africa , . Joffroy (ed.). Rome:, 2005. 104 pp.( ConservationStudies 2). €30.00

Solubility and Solvents for ConservationProblems , G. orraca.Reprint. Rome: ,2005. 64 pp. €10.00

Legal Frameworks for theProtection of ImmovableCultural Heritage in Africa , W. Ndoro andG. Pwiti (eds). Rome:, 2005. 75 pp.( ConservationStudies 5). €25.00

Management Guidelines for World CulturalHeritage Sites ,B.M. Feilden and J. Jokilehto. Arabictranslation. Rome:

El estudio y laconservación de lacerámica decorada enarquitectura .A. Alva Balderrama, A.Almagro Vidal, and I.

Bestué Cardiel (eds).Rome: , 2003.Several languages.€60.00

CONSERV



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ICOM Committee forConservation. 14thriennial Meeting, TeHague, 12-16 September 2005 . Pre-prints.London: James &

Manual para el manejo delos sitios del PatrimonioCultural Mundial,B.M. Feilden and J. Jokilehto. Rome:ICCROM, 2003.187 pp. €22.00

Preparación ante elriesgo: un manual parael manejo del PatrimonioCultural Mundial , H.Stovel. Rome: ,2003. 206 pp. €22.00

Survey of the legaland professionalresponsibilities of theConservator-Restorers .ECCO, 2001. 324 pp.Bilingual English andFrench. €30.00

CONSERVATION RESOURCES





ICCROM, the International Centre for the

Study of the Preservation and Restoration of

Cultural Property, is an intergovernmental

organization (IGO), and the only institution

of its kind dedicated to the protection andpreservation of cultural heritage worldwide,

including monuments and sites, as well as

museum, library and archive collections.

ICCROM fulfils its mission through collecting

and disseminating information; co-ordinating

research; offering consultancy and advice;

providing advanced training; and promoting

awareness of the value of preserving cultural

heritage.

ICCROM

Via di San Michele, 13

I-00153 Rome, Italy

Telephone: +39-06585531

Fax: +39-0658553349

[email protected]

www. iccrom.org

I C C R O M

INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THE STUDY OF THE PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY