ICCROM Newsletter 28...Study of Byzantine Hagiography, Greece Direction des Musées, Sites et Monuments du Togo Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Bénin Direction du Patrimoine Culturel

September 2002

ICCROMVia di San Michele, 13

I-00153 Rome, ItalyTelephone: +39-06585531

Fax: [email protected]. iccrom.org

ICCROM, the International Centre for

the Study of the Preservation and

Restoration of Cultural Property, is an

intergovernmental organization (IGO),

and the only institution of its kind

dedicated to the protection and

preservation of cultural heritage

worldwide, including monuments and

sites, as well as museum, library and

archive collections. ICCROM fulfils its

mission through collecting and

disseminating information; co-

ordinating research; offering

consultancy and advice; providing

advanced training; and promoting

awareness of the value of preserving

cultural heritage. Founded in 1959,

ICCROM now has 104 Member States,

and 103 of the world’s leading

conservation institutions are Associate

Members.

INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THE STUDY OF THE PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY

28

Office of the Director-GeneralNicholas Stanley-Price, Director-General

P. Richard Lindo, Chief OperatingOfficer

Patrice Simonnet, Liaison Officer(seconded from France)

Pilar House, Personal Assistant tothe Director-General

Françoise Ghin, AssistantSecretary

Vincenzo Alibrandi, SwitchboardOperator/Registrar

Architecture andArchaeological Sites UnitAlejandro Alva Balderrama, UnitDirector

Maria Teresa Jaquinta, ProjectManager

Ernesto Borrelli, Laboratory Co-ordinator

Chiara Lesperance,Administrative Assistant

Rahel Wolde Mikael,Administrative Assistant

Collections UnitCatherine Antomarchi, UnitDirector

Monica Ardemagni, ProjectManager

Rocco Mazzeo, Project Manager

Katriina Similä, Project Manager

Isabelle d’Ailhaud De Brisis,Clerk Typist

Heritage Settlements UnitHerb Stovel, Unit Director

Joseph King, Senior ProjectManager

Kumiko Shimotsuma, ProjectManager (seconded from Japan)

Marie-France Adolphe,Administrative Assistant

Sonia Widmer, AdministrativeAssistant

Documentation, Library andArchivesMarie-Christine Uginet, Manager

María Mata Caravaca, Archivist

Edda Trettin, Librarian

Christine Georgeff, TechnicalAssistance Service/LibraryAssistant

Margaret Ohanessian, LibraryAssistant

Gianna Paganelli, LibraryAssistant

Nicolina Falciglia, TechnicalAssistant

Office of Communication andInformationMónica García Robles, Head, Weband Data Management (onsecondment to the Government ofPeru)

M. Anna Stewart, Coordinator,Training Information andInternships

Elisa Ortiz, AdministrativeAssistant

Sabina Giuriati, InformationSystems Clerk

Administration and LogisticServicesP. Richard Lindo, Chief OperatingOfficer

Roberto Nahum, InformationSystems Administrator

Alessandro Menicucci, Head ofAccountancy

Anna Berardino, Financial Clerk

Sally Bolstridge, AccountancyClerk

Maurizio Moriconi, AccountancyClerk

Enrico Carra, Head of Logistics

Pietro Baldi, Logistics Assistant

Fabio Tosti, Messenger and Driver

ICCROM StaffAcademy of Cultural Heritage, Vilnius,

Lithuania Agency for Cultural Affairs, JapanAlvar Aalto Academy and Alvar Aalto

Museum, FinlandAmar Mahal Museum and Library, Jammu,

Jammu and Kashmir, IndiaAssociação Brasileira de Conservadores e

Restauradores de Bens Culturais(ABRACOR), Brazil

Bavarian State Conservation Office, GermanyByfornyelse DanmarkCanadian Conservation Institute (CCI)The Catholic University of America,

Washington D.C., U.S.A.Centre de recherches et de restauration des

musées de France (CR2MF), Paris, FranceCentre de recherches sur la conservation

des documents graphiques (CRCDG),Paris, France

Centre International de la Construction enTerre - Ecole d’Architecture de Grenoble(CRATerre-EAG), France

Centro de Conservação Integrada Urbana eTerritorial (CECI), Universidade Federal dePernambuco, Brazil

Centro Interdipartimentale di Scienza eTecnica per la Conservazione delPatrimonio Storico-Architettonico(CISTeC), Italy

Centro Nacional de Conservación yRestauración (CNCR), Chile

Centro Ricerche Archeologiche e Scavi diTorino per il Medio Oriente e l’Asia(CRAST), Italy

City of Jyväskylä, FinlandConsejo Nacional de Patrimonio Cultural,

CubaConservation Study Institute, National Park

Service, U.S.A.Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR),

ItalyCultural Heritage Protection Co-operation

Office, Asia-Pacific Culture Centre forUNESCO (ACCU), Japan

Curso de Especialização em Conservação eRestauração de Monumentos e ConjuntosHistóricos (CECRE), Faculdade deArquitetura da Universidade Federal daBahia, Brazil

Department of Antiquities, MalawiDepartment of Antiquities, TanzaniaDepartment of Cultural Heritage Protection,

LatviaDiagnostic Center for the Research and

Study of Byzantine Hagiography, GreeceDirection des Musées, Sites et Monuments

du TogoDirection du Patrimoine Culturel du BéninDirection du Patrimoine Culturel du Côte

d’IvoireDirection du Patrimoine et des Musées du

NigerDirection Générale de la Culture, GabonDirection National des Arts et de la Culture

du MaliEcole du Patrimoine Africain (EPA), BeninEcole Nationale d’Architecture et

d’Urbanisme (ENAU), TunisiaEcole Nationale du Patrimoine, Institut de

formation des restaurateurs d’œuvresd’art (ENP-IFROA), France

Escuela de Estudios Arabes, Granada, Spain

Euromed Heritage Programme, EuropeanCommission

EVTEK Institute of Art and Design,Department of Conservation Studies,Finland

Fondation Pégase, BelgiumFoundation for Scientific and Industrial

Research at the Norwegian Institute ofTechnology (SINTEF), Norway

The Getty Conservation Institute The Getty Grant ProgramGhana Museums and Monuments BoardGroupe d’Etudes et des Recherches sur les

Monuments Historiques (GERMH),Morocco

Hewlett Packard, ItalyHochschule für Bildende Künste Dresden

Studiengang für Künsttechnologie,Konservierung und Restaurierung,Germany

Hungarian World Heritage CommitteeINCO-Med Programme of the European

CommissionInstitut National des Sciences de

l’Archéologie et du Patrimoine (INSAP),Morocco

Institut Royal du Patrimoine Artistique (IRPA),Belgium

Institute of Archaeology, University CollegeLondon

Instituto de Capacitación Municipal (ICAM),Quito, Ecuador

Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e ArtísticoNacional (IPHAN), Brazil

Instituto Português de Conservação eRestauro, Lisbon, Portugal

International Blue Shield Committee (ICBS)International Council of Museums (ICOM)International Council on Monuments and

Sites (ICOMOS)International Institute for Conservation of

Historic and Artistic Works (IIC)Istituto Centrale per il Restauro (ICR), ItalyIstituto Universitario di Architettura di

Venezia, ItalyKatholieke Universiteit Leuven, BelgiumLaboratorio Nacional de Engenharia Civil

(LNEC), PortugalMinistère de la Communication et de la

Culture, AlgeriaMinistry of Cultural Heritage, GreeceMinistry of Cultural Heritage, HungaryMinistry of Cultural Heritage, ItalyMinistry of Culture, CameroonMinistry of Culture, Department of Cultural

Heritage Protection, LithuaniaMinistry of Foreign Affairs, Department for

International Development Co-operation,Finland

Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department ofDevelopment Co-operation, Italy

Ministry of Public Works and the Departmentof Antiquities, Cyprus

Modèles et simulations pour l’architecture,l’urbanisme et le paysage, Centre nationalde la recherche scientifique, Ministère dela culture et de la communication (UMR-MAP, Ecole d’Architecture de Marseille),France

National Board of Antiquities, FinlandNational Commission for UNESCO, JordanNational Commission for UNESCO, LatviaNational Commission for UNESCO, Lebanon

The National Gallery, EnglandNational Heritage Board, Tallinn, EstoniaNational Heritage Board, SwedenNational Museums and Monuments of

ZimbabweNational Museum of HungaryNational Museums of Kenya Netherlands Institute for Cultural Heritage

(ICN)Norwegian Agency for Development Co-

operation (NORAD)Norwegian Institute for Cultural Heritage

Research (NIKU)Norwegian University of Science and

Technology (NTNU)Oficina Nacional de Patrimonio Monumental,

Dominican RepublicOld Town Renewal Agency (OTRA), LithuaniaOpificio delle Pietre Dure (OPD), Italy Organisation of World Heritage Cities Pacific Islands Museum Association (PIMA)Parco Nazionale delle Cinque Terre, ItalyPrivate Committees for the Safeguarding of

Venice Programme for Museum Development in

Africa (PMDA), Mombasa, KenyaThe Rehabilitation Project Office, MaltaRiksantikvaren (Norwegian Directorate for

Cultural Heritage)School of Conservation, Royal Danish

Academy of Fine Art, Copenhagen,Denmark

SEAMEO-SPAFA (Regional Centre forArchaeology and Fine Arts), Thailand

Soprintendenza per i Beni Architettonici per ilPaesaggio e per il Patrimonio Storico,Artistico e Demoetnoantropologico diVenezia e Laguna, Italy

Soprintendenza Speciale per il Polo MusealeVeneziano, Italy

South African Rock Art Project (SARAP),South Africa

Swedish International Development Co-operation Agency (Sida), Sweden

Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences,Department of Landscape Planning (SLU)

Swiss Development Co-operation (SDC)Tokyo National Research Institute of Cultural

Property (TNRICP), JapanUNESCO Amman Office, JordanUNESCO Associated Schools Project

Network (ASPnet), Paris, FranceUNESCO, Division of Cultural Heritage, Paris,

FranceUNESCO-PROAP (UNESCO Principal

Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific),Bangkok, Thailand

UNESCO Venice Office, ItalyUNESCO World Heritage Centre, Paris,

FranceUniversitat Autónoma de Barcelona, SpainUniversity of Aachen, GermanyUniversity of Bologna, ItalyUniversity of Delaware, U.S.A.University of MaltaUniversity of Oviedo, SpainUniversity of Paris III, Sorbonne Nouvelle

(Formation Continue), FranceUniversity of Perugia, ItalyUniversity of Rome La Sapienza, ItalyUniversity of Thessaloniki, GreeceUniversity of Urbino, ItalyThe World Bank, Washington D.C., U.S.A.

Editors: Christopher McDowallNicholas Stanley-Price

French edition: Françoise Vogel

Production assistant: Elisa Ortiz

Photo research: María Mata Caravaca

Design and layout: Giancarlo De Pol

Printed in Italy by: Stabilmento TipolitograficoUgo Quintily S.p.A.

ISBN 92-9077-176-3

ISSN 1010-2639

We thank the following forproviding photographs not inthe ICCROM Archive: Gaël de Guichen, LazareEloundou, Mónica GarcíaRobles, Antoni GonzálesMoreno-Navarro, Elena IncertiMedici, Maria Teresa Jaquinta,Thierry Joffroy, María MataCaravaca, Katriina Similä,UNESCO Amman Office

Cover: ICCROM/CNCR Course onConservation of Library andArchives Collections, Santiagode Chile, Chile, 2001Photographs by María MataCaravacaCover design by Giancarlo De Pol

Partners in ICCROM’s programmes in 2002

ICCROM Newsletter, vol. 28,September 2002

ICCROM Newsletter, vol. 28, September 2002

From the Director-General’s desk

Official mattersGeneral Assembly

New Member StatesInternships and Fellows Programme

ICCROM web siteVisitors to ICCROM

Staff news

Architecture and Archaeological Sites UnitInternational Architectural Conservation Course (ARC)

The study and conservation of decorated glazed ceramics applied to architecture

Project TERRANAMEC ProgrammeICCROM Laboratory

Collections UnitHarmonizing thinking and policies

Encouraging synergies and co-ordinating effortsNurturing other learning strategies

Preparing tomorrow’s decision makersMulticultural, a third dimension for conservation science

Unity, diversity... where does cultural heritage lie?

Heritage Settlements UnitDistance learning programme for integrated territorial

and urban conservationMonitoring for cultural heritage

AFRICA 2009 enters a new phase

Collaboration with Member StatesPreservation of archives in Peru – and at ICCROM

“Standards in Conservation: a fable”Meetings and Events September 2002 - November 2003

Recent library acquisitionsPublications for sale at ICCROM

Partners in ICCROM’s programmes in 2002

ICCROM•NEWSLETTER1

CONTENTS

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FROM THEDIRECTOR-GENERAL’SDESK

Nicholas Stanley-Price

The United Nations has declared 2002 theYear for Cultural Heritage. UNESCO,designated as the lead agency for the Year,has stated that the biggest challenge is tomake the public authorities, the privatesector and civil society as a whole realizethat cultural heritage is not only aninstrument for peace and reconciliation butalso a factor of development.

Of course, both goals carry with them potentialrisks as well as benefits. As an instrument forpeace and reconciliation, cultural heritage canpromote better understanding of other cultures.Conversely, it can be used to exclude rather thaninclude (for instance, deliberate destruction ofheritage places in times of civil conflict, with theyear 2002 sadly providing further instances). As afactor of development, cultural heritage cangenerate income and employment. But it is at riskwhen subjected to over-exploitation, and thebeneficiaries suffer a loss of cultural identity as aresult of development schemes supposedlylaunched in their favour. (The year 2002 has alsobeen designated by the UN as the Year of Eco-tourism, a concept that can raise similar issues).

The high profile that cultural heritage now enjoysis to be welcomed. At the same time, successtends to raise expectations of continuing success,a trajectory that cannot always be sustained. Theemergence of new education programmes, neworganizations, and new media of disseminationtends to disguise the disappearance of existingones, or the substantial reductions in resources

allocated to long-established institutions. Universityprogrammes in conservation cease to be offered;national bodies suffer severe funding cutbacks,with conservation sometimes the function thattakes the heaviest cuts; and once-widelydisseminated publications stop production – andnot because they have morphed into an electronicversion available through the Internet. Moreover, asthe definition of what constitutes “heritage”continually expands, new topics tend to attractresources away from existing ones.

My point in recalling the fluctuating provision ofresources devoted to cultural heritage is not totemper enthusiasm for promoting it, but rather tostress the need for comprehensive and reliablesources of information.

Providing informationOne of ICCROM’s principal goals is to provideinformation about the conservation of culturalheritage. This task is in accordance with its firststatutory function established in 1959 as to“collect, study and circulate informationconcerned with scientific, technical and ethicalissues relating to the conservation and restorationof cultural property”.

The databases currently maintained byICCROM and made available through its web sitecover the following subjects: conservationliterature accessioned by the ICCROM library (oneof the largest specialized libraries of its kind);images of heritage sites held in ICCROM’sarchives; opportunities worldwide for formaleducation and training in conservation; and the

steadily proliferating number of conferences,seminars and congresses devoted toconservation. A new source of information addedin 2002 is a web links database which lists – andprovides active hyperlinks to – the web sites oforganizations relevant to the conservation field.

The library of ICCROM has for forty years beensystematically collecting conservation literature,both published and unpublished. Unpublishedreports, material generated by course participantsand images taken during technical missionsconstitute exceptional historical documentation of

places that have by now been substantiallytransformed or actually destroyed (see illustrationson this and the following pages). Thisdocumentation is included in the ICCROM librarycatalogue or in the image archive that is graduallybeing made available on-line through the website. (It is also available in hard-copy format, giventhat regular Internet access is still problematic forlarge parts of the world’s population.)

This work has been facilitated by theappointment in February 2002 of an archivist, anew post created thanks to the approval of a 4%increase in Member State regular contributions atthe General Assembly in November 2001. Thesame increase has made possible theappointment from October 2002, of a PublicationsManager, under whose guidance ICCROM’spublications programme will be coordinated andfurther developed.

Preserving the originalDevelopments in information technology provideeasier access to more data. But the very rate ofinnovation in this field and its extraordinary datahandling abilities have implications for heritageconservation. One concerns the preservation ofpioneering digital applications which are nowconsidered already to have achieved “heritage”value. It may already be too late, for example, toexamine some of the earliest web sites to beposted on the Internet. Another is the risk thatsuccessful digitization of archives leads todisposal of the hard-copy originals. In the case ofsome wide-circulation printed papers whosecontents have been digitized, there may now beno original surviving copy of certain issues.Similarly, the ease with which virtualreconstructions of incomplete buildings can bemanipulated serves to emphasize the importanceof preserving the original documentation.

Conservation has always had as a goal thepreservation of not only the information content butalso the vehicle or physical support of an object(which contributes substantially to its informationcontent). Conservation has to ensure physicalpreservation while also promoting wide access bya variety of means. The value of physicallypreserved specimens has been confirmed time andagain as scientific research advances as, forinstance, the DNA analysis of archaeologicalskeletal material kept in store has confirmed.


State of conservation of the façade of the Church of SanFrancisco in Popayán, Colombia, on 5 April 1983, after theearthquake. Both drawings by Jaime Moncada Calixto,Instituto Colombiano de Cultura, Colombia.

Façade of the Church of San Francisco in Popayán,Colombia, before the earthquake that took place on 31March 1983.

In the face of mass preservation needs, thedecision to dispose of material is often tempting.Such decisions frequently come to be regretted,as research progresses and new questions areposed. Whatever technical innovations occur, theconservator’s responsibility to achieve a balancebetween current access to material and its long-term preservation remains as important as ever.ICCROM is attempting to strike this balance, bothfor its own information resources and in itsapproach to conservation education and training.


Education and training at ICCROM

The information databases described above are crucial to the

function for which ICCROM is perhaps best known, namely the

mid-career education and training of conservation professionals.

Equally important is analysis of the numerous enquiries received

at ICCROM and of in-country situations observed during

technical visits. Together, they provide the information on which

are based the needs assessment, curricula and content of its

long-term programmes and regular courses.

Characteristic of ICCROM’s long-term programmes are their

relatively long duration (up to ten years) and their objectives in

bringing about transfer of experience for building up regional

institutions. The actual programme structure varies according

to local needs and appropriate response strategies (see report

on the Africa 2009 programme, page 18).

Those regular courses that do not form part of such

programmes are repeat events held either annually or every

other year. At present, regular repeat courses are organized

away from Rome and depend on close collaboration with

partner organizations. Collaboration ensures that those features

typical of ICCROM regular courses held previously in Rome are

retained in events organized with partners at a distance. Three

key elements in which ICCROM continues to play a strong

collaborative role (in addition to teaching) are: 1) course

curriculum design, 2) selection of participants, and 3) course

evaluation.

The regular repeat courses that follow this model are

currently the following: the technology of stone conservation

(Venice), wood conservation technology (Oslo), the conservation

of modern architecture (Helsinki), the conservation of Japanese

paper (Tokyo), and the conservation of lacquer (urushi) objects

(Tokyo). In 2002, a new regional course has been introduced on

the conservation of wooden structures in the Asia-Pacific

region. This course draws upon the vast experience available in

Japan and complements the wider focus of the regular course

organized for many years with the heritage authorities in

Norway. It represents the re-orientation of an existing

partnership with the ACCU Nara office and the Agency for

Cultural Affairs in Japan, towards meeting an evident need in

the region.

In addition to its long-term programmes and its regular

repeat courses, ICCROM contributes to professional

conservation education through organizing short courses at the

request of its member states or its fellow IGO’s, and through

providing internship opportunities. For instance, in 2002,

ICCROM organized at the request of the UNESCO World

Heritage Centre two information courses aimed at quite

different audiences, one for officials of the Italian Government

and the other for older school children, and their teachers, from

the countries of Jordan, Lebanon and Syria (see page 20).

Finally, an Internship and Fellows Programme has been

launched in 2002. The new programme formalizes the handling

of the many requests that ICCROM receives, with a selection

committee meeting twice a year to choose the most deserving

candidates. The Fellows programme is designed to encourage

professionals to spend periods of time at ICCROM in order to

use its wealth of resources in furthering their own research. The

first appointments of interns and visiting fellows are listed on

pages 5 and 6.

Traditional construction of roofs in Japan using cypress bark

Conservation plan for San Nicola Oreano district ofThessaloniki, Greece, prepared in 1972 by P. Theocaridis,ICCROM ARC course.

ICCROM GeneralAssembly, Rome,Italy - 21-23November 2001The 22nd session of the ICCROMGeneral Assembly was inaugurat-ed by Temporary President Mari-anne Lundberg (Sweden).Speeches were given by: NicholasStanley-Price, Director-General,ICCROM; Carleen Gardner, Assis-tant Director-General, General Af-fairs and Information Department,FAO; Mounir Bouchenaki, Assis-tant Director-General for Culture,UNESCO; Vittorio Sgarbi, Under-Secretary of State for the Ministryof Cultural Heritage and Activi-ties, Italy; Francesco Aloisi deLarderel, Director-General for thePromotion of Culture and Cooper-ation, Ministry of Foreign Affairs,Italy; and Eugenio La Rocca, Di-rector of the Cultural Heritage De-partment, Rome City Council.

During the inaugural cere-monies, ICCROM Awards forservices to conservation were pre-sented to Gaël de Guichen and toÀgnes Timàr-Balàzsy (posthumous-ly), and Media Save Art awards for

journalism to Ozolua Uhakheme(The Guardian - Nigeria) and OwenClegg (The Jordan Times). Delegateselected the President of the 22nd

session, Ana Cepero (Cuba), andthree Vice-Presidents, AnneliRandla (Estonia), SirichaiWangchareontrakul (Thailand)and Zinsou Zancran (Benin). TheDirector-General presented re-ports on the implementation of the2000-2001 programme and thedraft programme for 2002-2003proposed to the General Assemblyby Council. These were approvedby delegates, as was a 4% increasein the regular contributionspayable by Member States. Theprogramme also included reportsby ICCROM staff members on cur-rent activities.

The new Council Memberselected by the General Assemblyare Orlando V. Abinion (Philip-pines), Ray Bondin (Malta),Nicholas Th. Cholevas (Greece),Blaine Cliver (USA), Erwin Em-merling (Germany), Bent Eshoj(Denmark), Bertha M. Estela (Pe-ru), John Fidler (UK), Slim Khosrof(Tunisia), José Maria Losada

(Spain), Liliane Masschelein-Kleiner (Belgium), Gabriela Mo-roder-Krist (Austria) and HortenseZagbayou (Côte d’Ivoire). Theywill hold office until the 25th Gen-eral Assembly in 2005, joining thetwelve Council Members whoseterm of office continues until 2003.

Internship andFellows ProgrammeICCROM has recently initiated anInternship and Fellows Pro-gramme, open to candidates fromall its Member States interested inimproving their knowledge of cur-rent heritage preservation issues atan international level.

The Internship Programme isdesigned for graduates in archae-ology, architecture, art history,conservation/restoration, engin-eering, library science, public ad-ministration or urban planning.ICCROM will host a maximum offour interns per calendar year,who will be supervised by an IC-CROM staff member, each for aperiod of two to six months. Twointernships were offered this year:Mr Nicolas Lopez, a graduate in


NEW MEMBER STATES

OFFICIALMATTERS

Four nations have joined

ICCROM since our last

Newsletter was published,

bringing total membership

to 104. ICCROM welcomed:

Georgia, December 2001

Azerbaijan, February 2002

Botswana, February 2002

Uruguay, March 2002

international administration atParis II University, specializing inlegislation relating to internationalorganizations (July-Sept. 2002);and Ms Leticia Leitão, an urbanconservation architect working atthe Angra do Heroísmo WorldHeritage Site in Portugal (Sept.2002-Feb. 2003).

The Fellows Programme en-courages senior professionalsfrom institutions or organizationswithin Member States to under-take research in a field of study ofinterest to ICCROM. Applicantsmust hold a Master's degree orhave relevant working experiencein heritage conservation, either asteachers or practitioners. Fellow-ships for 2002-2003 have beenawarded to: • Ms Emilia Petrova Ivanova

from the Archaeological Muse-um in Septemvri, Bulgaria to in-vestigate painted fragmentsfrom the Pisitros excavations insouthern Bulgaria (Sept.-Dec.2002);

• Mr Rohit Jigyasu from the Nor-wegian University of Scienceand Technology in Trondheim,to research traditional skills forimproving post-earthquake re-construction (Oct.-Dec. 2002);

• Dr Boguslaw Szmygin from theTechnical University of Lublinin Poland, to define the histori-cal values of old towns (March-May 2003);

• Mr Jerry Podany from the J.Paul Getty Museum, USA, tostudy the influence of Rome on20th century restoration of an-cient sculpture (July-Aug. 2003).

Two self-funded applicantshave been awarded the status ofVisiting Fellows: • Mr Randolph Langenbach from

the Federal Emergency Man-agement Agency in the USA, to

study traditional constructionin seismic areas (Sept. 2002-June2003);

• Prof William Logan fromDeakin University, Australia, toevaluate the cultural impact ofUNESCO and other internation-al organizations’ activities(April-June 2003).

For details of how to apply for ei-ther of these programmes, pleaseconsult the ICCROM web site un-der Training Opportunities or writeto:M. Anna StewartOffice of Communication and In-formation - ICCROMVia di San Michele, 1300153 Rome, Italye-mail: [email protected]

ICCROM web siteThe re-designed ICCROM web site(http://www.iccrom.org) was cre-ated by ICCROM staff and con-sultants, particularly JenniferMolina, in collaboration with theEVTEK Institute of Art and Designin Finland, and launched in Marchthis year.

A valuable feature of the site isits information databases. Theseprovide access to: the catalogue ofthe library, an extensive collectionof resources on all aspects of cultur-al heritage conservation in variouslanguages; an image archive withover 2,100 digitized images fromICCROM’s photographic collectionof heritage sites, which is constant-ly being added to; an index of train-ing opportunities worldwide; anextensive listing of conferences de-voted to cultural heritage; and alinks database, providing directlinks to the web sites of over 1000conservation organizations and na-tional government agencies operat-ing in the cultural heritage sector.In order to keep these databases

up-to-date, ICCROM kindly re-quests users to inform them of anychanges or corrections that come totheir notice.

The other main menu headersprovide general information aboutICCROM, its current programmesfor 2002-2003, and the technicalservices it makes available. The IC-CROM bookshop may also be ac-cessed for purchase of ICCROMpublications and other selected ti-tles (see pages 30-32 of this newslet-ter).

The ICCROM news page is con-stantly being updated with reportsfrom the field, and announce-ments of ICCROM courses, meet-ings and publications.

Visitors to ICCROMICCROM is always pleased to wel-come individual visitors, delega-tions and student groups fromaround the world. In the past yearthese have included the followingofficials and delegations:

• a delegation of 15 site managersand urban planners from theChina Academy of Urban Plan-ning and Design, in October;


ICCROM web site page

• Mr Gilbert Pwiti, Dean, Facultyof Arts, and Mr Webber Ndoro,Lecturer, Department of Histo-ry, University of Zimbabwe, todiscuss involvement in AFRICA2009 activities, in December;

• Mr Blaine Cliver, Council Mem-ber, and Mr John Robbins, As-sistant Director, CulturalResources, National Parks Ser-vice, USA, in January;

• Ms Lee Minaidis, Deputy May-or, Rhodes, Greece, Mr Paris Pa-patheodorou, Director, Officefor the Conservation of the OldTown of Rhodes, and Mr DenisRicard, Secretary-General,OWHC, to discuss organizationof the 2003 OWHC General As-sembly, in February;

• Mr Walid Sharif, Director, Cul-tural Heritage, Palestinian Au-thority, and Ms Kholoud AbuDayyer Daibes, Centre for Cul-tural Heritage Preservation,Palestinian Authority, in March;

• Mr Teruhisa Funato and Mr Hi-royasu Uchida, Agency for Cul-tural Affairs, Tokyo, Japan, inMarch;

• Mr Alain Godonou, Director,Ecole du Patrimoine Africain,Benin, and Mr TaoufickAminou, Vice-Rector, Universi-

ty of Benin, in April; • Amb. Rusudan Lordkipanidze,

Embassy of Georgia to Italy, andMr Peter Metreveli, SecretaryGeneral, Georgian NationalCommission for UNESCO, inJune.

Student groups during the pastyear included:

• Mr Jan Rosvall with 15 studentsfrom the University of Göte-borg, Sweden, in October andagain with 10 professors andstudents, in February;

• Prof. Olivier Verheyden andProf. Nadine Govers with 5 pro-fessors and 20 students from theInstitut Supérieur des Beaux-Arts, Saint-Luc Liège, Belgium,in December;

• Prof. Otto Makys, Head ofBuilding Renovation Depart-ment, with 30 postgraduate stu-dents and professors from theFaculty of Civil Engineering,Slovak University of Technolo-gy and Academia IstropolitanaNova, Bratislava, Slovakia, inMay;

• Prof. Antonio Mostalac, Direc-tor-General, Cultural Heritageof Aragón, Dr José ManuelLópez Gómez, Director, EscuelaTaller de Restauración de Pintu-ra Mural de Aragón, Spain with33 students and professors, inMay;

• Prof. Mariapia Sammartino,with 13 students of “Techniquesfor applied diagnosis in restora-tion and conservation of cultur-al properties” at the Universityof Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy, inMay.

ICCROM staff newsMarie-Christine Uginet, Managerof Documentation, Library andArchives, completed thirty years

of dedicated service at ICCROMon 30 March this year. A receptionwas held at ICCROM to honourthe occasion.

Susan Inman, Administrative As-sistant, Office of the Director-Gen-eral, retired on 31 January 2002.She began work at ICCROM in1978. During her years with IC-CROM she gained the respect ofcolleagues and partners fromaround the world for her dedica-tion, commitment and the highquality of her work.

María Mata Caravaca, who gradu-ated in art history at the Universityof Granada, Spain, was appointedArchivist from February, 2002.Trained in restoration at Florenceand in archival preservation at theVatican, she has previouslyworked on ICCROM’s archives asa consultant.

Dr Nobuko Inaba, Project Manag-er, Heritage Settlements Unit, sec-onded to ICCROM by theJapanese government, returned toJapan at the end of March aftertwo years. She has been promotedto Head of the Conservation Advi-sory Office of the Japan Centre forInternational Cooperation in Con-servation at the National ResearchInstitute for Cultural Properties,Tokyo.

Dr Kumiko Shimotsuma has beenseconded by the Japanese govern-ment and holds a Masters andPhD in Engineering from TokyoUniversity. She is a senior special-ist for cultural properties at theAgency for Cultural Affairs andhas been an associate expert forUNESCO at the World HeritageCentre in Paris and at the CulturalUnit in Bangkok.


A four-month evaluation project ofthe Architectural ConservationCourse (ARC) has been complet-ed, having been designed to pro-vide ICCROM with strategicrecommendations for educationactivities in architectural conserva-tion. The evaluation report, com-missioned from independentexternal consultants, has sincebeen reviewed by ICCROM staffand by members of Council.

The report draws attention to is-sues requiring re-examination: forexample, changes in the profession-

al and social contexts of architectur-al conservation training, the as-sumptions that underlay thecontinuous holding of the ARCsince 1965, the primacy of a ‘uni-versalist’ conservation doctrine,and the current state of knowledgeand quality of practice in the field.It makes recommendations regard-ing the future role of ICCROM ineducational activities for conserva-tion, emerging and projected

needs, and the potential for univer-sity partnerships and specializedcurricula.

Other recommendations relateto laboratory and theoretical re-search and field-based initiatives,upgrading a conceptual frame-work beyond ‘universalist’ ap-proaches to include regional topicsand issues, developing strategiesto ‘train the trainers’, and makingthe most of the ARC network offormer course participants.

The evaluation report has pro-vided an informed basis for mak-ing future decisions on ICCROM’srole in educational activities for ar-chitectural conservation.

The study andconservation ofdecorated glazedceramics applied toarchitecture The ICCROM Architecture and Ar-chaeological Sites Unit has com-pleted a project on the study,conservation and restoration ofdecorated glazed ceramics appliedto architecture. As a multidiscipli-nary project, one of its most inter-esting objectives has been toengage the broadest possible rangeof professionals from differentcountries and disciplines in identi-fying the problems and the short-comings in this field.

To this end, from November2001 to March 2002, an Internet Fo-rum on this issue was organizedby ICCROM in collaboration withthe Department of Crystallogra-phy, Mineralogy and Mineral De-posits of the Faculty of Geology,Barcelona University, and theSpanish Academy in Rome. Theoutcome was very successful.More than 37% of the over onehundred ceramics professionalscontacted all over the world ac-tively participated in the Forum.


ARCHITECTUREANDARCHAELOGICALSITES UNIT

ARC84 visit to Trajan’s Column inRome, during restoration.

International Architectural Conservation Course (ARC)An assessment of 32 years of architectural conservationtraining at ICCROM

Participants expressed their inter-est in pursuing and encouragingother projects of this kind. The Fo-rum had enabled them to learnfrom and debate successful experi-ences with other professionals inthe field and strengthened IC-CROM’s fundamental role in fos-tering international initiatives ofthis kind.

The final meeting to draw con-clusions from the Forum was heldon 8-9 March 2002, at ICCROMand at the Spanish Academy inRome. The sessions examined theissues under six main headings:• degradation and the pathologi-

cal processes undergone by ce-ramics applied to architecture;

• problems relating to the theoryand criteria of intervention;

• the current state of training inthis subject, and the launchingof specialized training courses;

• current ceramic production inrelation to the architectural her-itage;

• specific terminology problems;• the problem of awareness-

building and dissemination.At the same time, ICCROM has

continued to conduct a range of re-search activities, creating a biblio-graphic database and proposing aresearch project on "Classifying,describing and studying the caus-es, mechanisms and morphologiesof the degradation of decorated ce-ramics applied to architecture", inco-operation with other interestedinstitutions.

ICCROM is now preparing apublication, in co-operation withthe Spanish Academy in Rome,containing the material generatedby this project. The aim is to pro-vide a multidisciplinary referencework for specialists in the conser-vation and restoration of glazedceramics as part of the world's ar-chitectural heritage.

Project TERRAConservation of earthenarchitecture Within the context of collaborationactivities with CRATerre-EAG andthe Getty Conservation Institute(Terra Consortium and UNESCOChair), Project TERRA held an “In-ternational Workshop: earthen archi-tecture education in the world:current status and future action”.The meeting, which took place atthe Grenoble School of Architec-ture from 3-5 October 2001, set outto assess institutional educationalactivities in the field of earthen ar-chitecture throughout the worldand to formulate guidelines for fu-ture action. The meeting was at-tended by forty-two participantsfrom various institutions in the fol-lowing countries: Argentina, Aus-tralia, Belgium, Benin, Brazil,Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Congo,

Egypt, France, Germany, Iran,Italy, Mexico, the Netherlands,Portugal, South Africa, Spain,Turkey, Uganda, Uruguay and theUSA. A CD-ROM of the proceed-ings is available on request.

NAMEC ProgrammeConservation training in theMaghreb countriesThe strengthening of institutionalcapacities for the conservation ofcultural heritage has been the ma-jor aim of the NAMEC project inAlgeria, Morocco and Tunisia.Since 1992, within the frameworkof multilateral collaboration withthe Italian Government Develop-ment Cooperation Directorate,NAMEC has benefited from addi-tional contributions from the GettyGrant Program, UNESCO, and theFrench Government (1993-1996).

During the development phase(1993-1998), based on the outcomesof the “Synthèse de l’enquête sur lePatrimoine culturel maghrébin”(Draft, Rome, 1996), regional semi-nars and specialized conservationcourses were held. A consolidationphase (1997-2001) focused on trans-ferring responsibilities to host insti-tutions of the region. During1998-2000, the programme benefit-ed from funding by the EuropeanCommission through the pro-gramme Euromed Heritage.

The Institut National du Patri-moine and the Ecole Nationale duPatrimoine in Tunis managed thegraduate-level Architectural Con-servation Course at the Universityof Tunis. In addition, two othercourses for young professionalswere launched in the region: onein Algiers dealing with objects inan archaeological context (Coursd’Alger de conservation et restaura-tion des biens archéologiques), man-aged by the Agence Nationaled’Archéologie et de Protection des


Ceramic decoration of the south-eastminaret of the Holy Shrine of Al Abbasin Kerbala, Iraq.

Sites et Monuments Historiques(ANAPSMH); and the Rabatcourse on museum collections(Cours de Rabat de conservation-restauration des collections de muséesau Maroc), organized in collabora-tion with the Direction du Patri-moine Culturel (DPC).

The third of the two-year TunisCourses ended in July 2000 andnow continues to be offered inde-pendently of the NAMEC pro-gramme. Both the Algiers and theRabat courses ended in August2001.

During the eight-year pro-gramme, training activities weredesigned with a ”skills-based ap-proach”. The specific aim of theproject was to create a group ofprofessionals in the field of con-

servation/restoration, focusing ondeveloping management capaci-ties and encouraging flexibility,innovation and individual initia-tive.

The didactic programmes of thedifferent courses, especially be-tween 1998 and 2001, were organ-ized in collaboration withEuropean partners. The contribu-tion of the European teachers in-fluenced and was influenced bythe experience of participating inthe programme in Algeria, Moroc-co and Tunisia comprising theCours du Patrimoine du Maghreb. Itis important to stress that both forteachers and students, this collab-oration allowed a mutual ex-change through experience ofdifferent Mediterranean contexts

and environments. This helpedidentify different coexistingphilosophies in the field of conser-vation/restoration and in the safe-guard of cultural heritage.

Training, in general, was carriedout through seminars and confer-ences, particularly in the Rabatand Algiers courses, and includedspecific case studies. To facilitatethe transfer of responsibilities at alocal level, the significant presenceof lecturers from Mediterraneancountries ensured better commu-nication in pedagogical terms aswell as continuity of relations withparticipants.

Interest was expressed duringthe programmes in Algeria andMorocco in achieving a technicalqualification. The Tunis course,which focused on architecturalconservation issues, proposed amore general kind of training, tofacilitate entry to the “heritageprofession”. The procedure for en-suring the equivalence of diplo-mas among the different countriesis currently under discussion.

A preliminary study of the im-pact of the NAMEC programme inthe region, in which both donorsand beneficiaries were involved,has been carried out by externalassessors.

ICCROM LaboratoryHow the laboratory supportsconservation Over the years the ICCROM labo-ratory has become a point of refer-ence for conservation professionals,offering technical advice and facili-tating contacts and networkingamong conservators. Numerous re-quests for assistance and informa-tion from individual professionals,


Algiers Course 2000-2001 - Tamenfoustarchaeological site - practical activitieson survey and excavation techniques.

students and institutions aroundthe world arrive at the laboratoryalmost every day. The above piecharts respectively illustrate theprovenance and nature of these re-quests between March 2001 andApril 2002.

Analysis of these requests al-lows us to monitor needs and

trends in conservation,both in terms of regionaldistribution and the typeof enquiries. Further-more, they give an indi-cation of current levels ofconservation knowledge.

It is significant thatover 50% of the requestsfor information comefrom Europe while therest are fairly evenly dis-tributed among the otherregions, with the excep-tion of Africa. As the re-quests arrive almostexclusively by e-mail, onepossible explanationcould be the limitedavailability of these facili-ties in certain countries.With regard to the natureof the requests, there is amuch more even distri-bution of topics althoughthose asking for technicaladvice are predominant.

At the same time, di-rect access to the laboratory takesplace in the form of theme-basedspecialized courses for conserva-tion professionals, and throughhosting interns and university un-dergraduates. Finally, we are de-lighted to receive a large numberof visitors interested in our labora-tory activities and facilities (stu-

dent groups, experts, official dele-gations, etc.). The third chart illus-trates their countries of origin forthe same period.

Current researchAs part of a combined programme,the ICCROM laboratory and CIS-TeC (Interdepartmental Centre forthe Science and Technology of His-torical and Architectural Conserva-tion, University of Rome “LaSapienza”) have been conductingresearch aimed at improving ourknowledge of the characteristicsand applicability of silicon prod-ucts in the field of heritage conser-vation/restoration.

First developed as part of an ex-perimental graduate thesis onDefining the chemical and physicalparameters that influence the stabilityof polysiloxane polymers over time(T. Falcinelli), this led to the pres-entation of three papers at the In-ternational Congress on “Silicatesin Conservation – studies, experi-ence, evaluations for consolidatinghistorical masonry” in Turin, inFebruary 2002. One of these enti-tled Silicon consolidants: the last oronly resource? (E. Borrelli, T. Fal-cinelli, M.L. Santarelli) examinedthe different products used in con-servation over the last twentyyears. Silicon polymers are becom-ing more and more widely used inconservation and have graduallyreplaced those of a different chem-ical nature. The many differenttrade names used, often to de-scribe the same chemical composi-tion, make choosing the mostappropriate product a difficulttask. The results of this analysisare now available on a CD-ROMfrom ICCROM.


Requests for information March 2001-April 2002

(countries)

Europe52%

Near andMiddle East

6%

Central and South America12%

Oceania2%

North America12%Asia

16%

Requests for information March 2001-April 2002

(topics)

Lab activities10%

Networking17%

Materials17%

Safety rules3%

Lab design3% Environmental

monitoring 3%

Technical advice 25%

Conservation techniques 22%

Visitors March 2001-April 2002

(countries)

Asia 9%

International groups 6%

Africa12%

NorthAmerica 9%

Europe58%

Central and South America 6%

An international organizationsuch as ICCROM embraces anamazing variety of heritage, socialand economic situations, and cul-tural approaches. One of our fun-damental challenges is to use thisto advantage to establish stronglinks between people, communi-ties and nations, in our efforts tostrive for peace and the develop-ment of humanity.

ICCROM’s work is inspiringwhen it celebrates pluralism.Working with heritage collectionsand their preservation offers a per-fect opportunity to improve ourhuman and professional expertisein understanding, respecting andenjoying the “other”.

The movable character of collec-tions implies that objects producedand used within one context cansuccessfully exist and be con-served in a completely differentone. Again, professionals are chal-lenged when making decisions totake into account the meaning andcharacteristics of a given environ-ment and the possible impact onthe message and long-term preser-vation of related collections andobjects.

ICCROM is a good platform todiscuss and advance thinking inthis area but it must also designand provide the appropriate toolsto ensure that all who deal withheritage and conservation, both in-stitutions and individuals, can ef-fectively integrate this thinkinginto their daily work.

We have asked a few of ourpartners to reflect on some of theactivities currently developed atICCROM, and are happy to pres-ent their comments, in the hopethat this will encourage furtherideas and suggestions.

Pluralism in progress

Marie Berducou, from the InstitutNational du Patrimoine in Paris,which is actively involved with IC-CROM in the series of ‘SharingConservation’ training courses,writes:

Harmonizing thinking andpolicies The seminars where conservationprofessionals come from far andwide to meet at ICCROM are al-ways exceptionally rich moments.Everyone rediscovers his/her ownpractices, comparing them to thoseof others. Certain points in com-mon emerge, revealing needs thathad scarcely been identified before.All in all, emulation gives rise toprojects that no-one could havethought up on their own.

More recent gatherings in Romehave underlined the fundamentalneed to re-inject the cultural val-ues of our heritage into all conser-vation activities. This intangiblecontent, conveyed by the materialsubstance of cultural properties, isessential to their understanding,preservation and relevance withinsociety. It pulverizes the conven-ient, yet artificial boundaries created between movable and im-


COLLECTIONSUNIT

Collections, a perfect way of learning to dealwith pluralism...

Participants at the ICCROM Collections seminar (26-27 November 2001) came

from Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Denmark, France, Italy, Kenya, Thailand

and the USA. While they recognized that progress in professional

development had been made, they also proposed projects that would further

strengthen capacities of partner institutions in contributing to conservation.

Other discussions included the need to develop not only training activities but

also conservation fieldwork and research activities, with emphasis on a

unified approach to heritage and an increase in community involvement in all

conservation activities.

Collections Seminar 2001. From left to right: (standing) Solange Zuniga,ABRACOR; Mubiana Luhila, PMDA; Bertrand Lavedrine, CRCDG; HugoHouben, CRATerre-EAG; Catherine Antomarchi, Rocco Mazzeo, ICCROM;Catheline Perier-D’Ieteren, Université Libre de Bruxelles; Rosalia Varoli-Piazza,ICR; Luiz Souza, CECOR; Marie Berducou, IFROA; (sitting) Charles Costain,CCI; Patcharawee Tunprawat, SPAFA; Katriina Similä, ICCROM; Ann Seibert,Library of Congress; Paloma Mujica, CNCR.

^

movable property, tangible and in-tangible heritage. It obliges us toextend beyond the simplisticframework of purely technicalproblems to a broader conceptionof conservation, in which thestakes are political, social and eco-nomic. It invites us to enter into di-alogue, first among ourselves asprofessionals from different disci-plines, and also with communitiesthat own or use the heritage inquestion.

The ideas that arise from ourfervent exchanges enable IC-CROM and its partners to har-monise their respective goals andstrive together to meet commonchallenges: to make interdiscipli-nary dialogue a central tool in theeducation of conservators and cu-rators alike; to integrate communi-cation with the public as a naturaldimension of professional activity;and to develop awareness, throughthe history of conservation, of themultiplicity of cultural approachestowards heritage.

!!!

Patcharawee Tunprawat is a proj-ect specialist at SEAMEO-SPAFARegional Centre for Archaeologyand Fine Arts, Bangkok, actively in-

volved with ICCROM in the devel-opment of a regional strategy forcollections in Southeast Asia. Shecomments:

Encouraging synergies andco-ordinating effortsThe ICCROM-SPAFA workshop onConservation Strategies for Collec-tions in Southeast Asia gatheredcollections professionals togetherfrom all over the region. Efforts tobring both private and governmentorganizations together to collabo-rate as a team as well as share anaction plan have never been madebefore, as most organizations workin isolation or collaborate only withtheir own contacts.

The first step was to send outnumerous announcements to allthe different museums and organi-zations, both public and private,concerned with collections in theregion, and promote the event aswidely as possible. A question-naire was enclosed with the an-nouncement to provide us with anoverview of current collectionsand staff in their charge.

Offering this opportunity to amuch wider audience was an in-novative approach for SPAFA,where participants in courses areusually nominated by each coun-

try. Sixty questionnaires werecompleted and returned by appli-cants from all levels ranging fromprivate organizations to govern-ment museums and universities.The positive response indicatedtheir appreciation of the impor-tance of regional strategies andsharing their experience with oth-ers. Other institutions inside andoutside the region such as IN-TACH in India, the Thai Fine ArtsDepartment and UNESCO also ex-pressed interest in the project.

!!!

Bob Ferguson, from the Institute ofEducation, University College Lon-don, is actively involved in steeringthe design and development ofCollections teaching activities, inparticular, Generation 2. He writes:

Nurturing other learningstrategies For the last twenty years or more,ICCROM has been the home of vi-brant and innovative educationaland training programmes. Theapproaches taken have varied,but there has been one importantunifying element. The work hasinvolved the respect for a varietyof cultures and the developmentof approaches to teaching andlearning appropriate for specificpurposes and contexts. There hasalso been an emphasis on theways in which education andtraining can be culturally sensi-tised and made relevant to partic-ular cultural, educational andeconomic realities.

Courses developed for specificpurposes have tried with consider-able success to produce a new gen-eration of trainers and educators. Inall this process ICCROM staff haveplayed a pivotal role. But there arenow new and exciting challenges


Participants proudly sign the bannerthey prepared for the PreventiveConservation Strategies workshop inBangkok.

The banner spells out the wordsPreventive conservation in nine of themany languages spoken in SoutheastAsia.

before us. We are now moving to anera where today's 'teachers' will bethe new producers of educationalmaterials, of appropriately de-signed courses, and the developersof suitable and useful approachesto teaching and learning.

Emphasis needs to be placed onthe multicultural heritages withwhich we deal and the multiplecontexts in which such heritagesare experienced, mediated andpassed on. Our attention must fo-cus not only on building educa-tional and training resources, butalso on the skills and knowledgeto produce and develop such re-sources. Here the new media willbe crucially important, but so willrespect for more established andoften less technically sophisticat-

ed approaches to teaching andlearning.

We need to develop our knowl-edge of educational and trainingstrategies along one path, whichrespects diversity in cultures andpedagogies. ICCROM is uniquelyplaced to undertake this excitingand challenging task.

!!!

Zaki Aslan, ICCROM consultantfor the World Heritage skills de-velopment training course held in2002 at Petra (see also page 20 of thisnewsletter), writes:

Preparing tomorrow’sdecision makers For many years ICCROM has beenexploring ways of involvingyoung generations in the gigantictask of preserving cultural her-itage. This year for the first time inan Arab country, a newinitiative, in collaborationwith UNESCO, wasstaged at the magnificentcultural landscape of Pe-tra in Jordan. School stu-dents and teachers fromArab countries were in-vited to explore variousaspects of heritage con-servation. Participantsgained insight intopreservation work at Pe-tra through hands-on ses-sions of conservation inprogress.

The workshop gaveyoung people from the re-gion the chance to under-stand their own heritageand voice their concernsabout the future of her-itage sites in the Arabworld. Asked to com-ment, students recom-mended establishing

heritage youth forums and on-sitesummer conservation courses, cre-ating information channels forheritage education, and develop-ing a schools network in the re-gion. They also proposed aheritage working day, where eachschool could adopt a monument.

Undoubtedly, the lively and in-teractive approach of such work-shops will contribute to mouldingtomorrow’s decision-makers to re-spond to the continuing threatsfacing cultural heritage and theworld in general.

!!!

Judith H. Hofenk de Graaff, for-mer head of Department of Conser-vation of the Netherlands Institute


Students watching a demonstration ofstone cleaning and restoration at Petra,Jordan.

Thanks to the Getty Grant

Program, ICCROM is now able to

make further headway in teaching

skills development. Targeted for

African museums and

professionals, Generation 2 is

gaining international recognition. It

has developed eight sets of

teaching and learning materials on

preventive conservation,

documentation, storage, fund-

raising and partnerships, mounts

and supports, deterioration of

collections, museum enlivening

skills and pest control. The project

is currently producing a “manual

for course producers”, designed

for any professional wishing to

review or develop course

programmes and materials.

Generation 2 - Mapping thePreventive Conservation Course.

for Cultural Heritage, is actively in-volved in the design and teachingof ICCROM Collections coursesand contributed the following com-ment:

Multicultural, a thirddimension for conservationscience During preliminary discussionsfor the CURRIC programme to de-fine a curriculum for conservationscientists, it became clear thatopinions on the content of conser-vation science were and are di-verse. Likewise, duringpreparations for the ICCROM/INP Sharing Conservation Sciencecourse for equal numbers ofyoung, qualified conservator/re-storers and scientists held in Parisin 2001, differences in interpreta-tion became evident. In decidingon course content, the tutors wereasked to define terms such as sci-ence, scientific investigation, sci-entific examination, scientificresearch and conservation science.This was not an easy task, but ap-peared to provide a better under-standing of the scientific activitiesof both conservator/restorer andscientist and thus bridge the gapbetween them. Considerable effortwas put into developing skills anddesigning research programmesin which both professions couldwork together and yet demon-strate their specializations at thesame time. As ICCROM coursesbring not only different disci-plines together but also diversecultural backgrounds, the courseachieved an even broader dimen-sion. To me as a frequent contribu-tor to ICCROM courses, themulticultural aspect is always afascinating experience. The cours-es are not only interdisciplinarybut also multicultural. Scientifical-ly speaking, they are not two-di-

mensional but three-dimensional.I hope the definitions developedduring the course will not onlygive conservator/restorers andscientists a common language butwill also help them understanddifferent cultural approaches toconservation.

!!!

Alain Godonou, Director of theEcole du Patrimoine Africain(EPA), Porto-Novo, Benin, writes:

Unity, diversity … wheredoes cultural heritage lie? Our experience at EPA has taughtus that any hard and fast distinc-tion between tangible and intangi-ble heritage is the fruit ofmisunderstanding. This was the

case with our work on the ancientsacred forest of Porto-Novo, trans-formed into a natural, botanicalgarden. Royal ceremonial site, con-servatory of essences, handbook ofnature, this forest was also a colos-sal stake in the power game. It washere that the colonial administra-tion took root, and built the Gov-ernment Palace, the symbol of itssettlement.

The study of the rehabilitationof the ancient city of Porto-Novo,which started in September 2001,distinguishes royal, lineage, Afro-Brazilian, colonial, religious andlandscape heritage. Royal palacesare not just architecture, but courtmusic and codified ceremonies.The lineage habitat is a sort of or-ganization-occupation of spacewhere empty spaces (courtyards,plots) are more important thanthose filled with buildings. Nei-ther is Afro-Brazilian, colonial andreligious heritage mere architec-ture, but events, carnivals, eatinghabits, beliefs, etc. Landscape in-volves the codified placing of mar-kets, sacred groves, etc. Thespecial flavour of cultural heritageis found in this inseparable mix-ture of tangible and intangible;two sides of the same coin.


Botanical garden, Porto-Novo, Benin

The Sharing Conservation series

is a direct outcome of these

seminars. These one-month

courses focus on objects (whether

movable like painted glass from

the Côte d’Ivoire or immovable like

Chartres Cathedral). Conservation

issues are analysed and discussed

with teams of curators,

conservators and scientists to

encourage participants to develop

and refine their own

methodologies.

Currently, the Heritage Settle-ments Unit manages three distinctprogrammes, and is involved witha number of technical conserva-tion initiatives carried out withand by partners (Venice stone con-servation course, Norwegianwood conservation course, Mod-ern architecture conservationcourse). The three programmesare:• Integrated Territorial and Ur-

ban Conservation (ITUC), inte-grating concern for heritagevalues in the management of ter-ritorial and urban entities.

• Living Heritage Sites, strength-ening capacity to manage her-itage sites embodying stronglinks with living communitiesand traditions.

• Africa 2009, concerned withbuilding the capacity of heritageprofessionals working with thebuilt heritage in sub-SaharanAfrica.

The experiences of the HeritageSettlements Unit in 2000-2001 gaveemphasis to two important emerg-ing issues in programme work: theneed to explore use of innovativetraining strategies (such as dis-tance learning) to extend the effec-tiveness of our training efforts and

the need to improve our ability tomonitor heritage. Both issues areexamined in detail below.

Distance learningprogramme forintegrated territorialand urbanconservationIn spring 2000, one of the most in-novative conservation training pro-grammes in Latin America,launched by the Centro de Conser-vação Integrada Urbana e Territori-al (CECI), was initiated: thedistance learning programme forintegrated territorial and urbanconservation.

CECI, which was established byProf. Silvio Zancheti at the FederalUniversity of Pernambuco, Brazil,and functions as the Latin Ameri-can arm of ICCROM's ITUC pro-gramme, brings togetherprofessors in architecture and ur-ban planning, interested in inte-grated conservation. Developmentof the programme, which began inDecember 2000, has involved com-pressing material for 100 originallectures into 25 complete modules.

Thirty-two participants were se-lected for the programme, whichwas launched in March 2002. ItsInternet component was complet-

ed in early September, to be fol-lowed by a four-week practicaltraining course in November inRecife on preparing sectoral man-agement plans for the World Her-itage city of Olinda.

This first fully comprehensivedistance learning education pro-gramme in urban conservation inLatin America has elicited enthusi-astic response across Latin Americaand in Europe. The accompanyingbilingual (Spanish-Portuguese) textGestâo do Patrimonio Cultural Inte-grado is the first in a planned seriesof ITUC curricula materials to beproduced over the next couple ofyears as part of ICCROM's efforts


HERITAGESETTLEMENTSUNIT

The Heritage Settlements Unit is designed tostrengthen the capacity of managers,administrators and professionals to care forhuman settlements of heritage value, large orsmall, urban or rural, and their varioussignificant heritage elements and features.

Valletta, Malta: “Monitoring for WorldHeritage Cities” workshop, 21-24 May,2000. Organised by ICCROM withsupport from the World HeritageCommittee and the VallettaRehabilitation Projects Office, Ministryof the Environment, Malta.

Vilnius, Lithuania: The headquarters ofOTRA, the Old Town Renewal Agency,actively collaborating with ICCROM’sITUC programme in developingmeaningful indicators for monitoring.

to disseminate thinking in thisarea.

Monitoring forcultural heritageIn a world that is simultaneouslyreducing government expenditurefor public benefit and privatisingmany sectors and initiatives, it hasbecome increasingly important todemonstrate how conservationbrings substantial benefits to com-munities and citizens. This is evi-dent in the efforts of lendinginstitutions such as the WorldBank to develop economic argu-ments for the retention of culturalheritage. Once questions are posedabout “measuring” quality, bene-fits or impact, attention is neces-sarily focused on monitoring toolsand methods.

At an international level, an in-terest in monitoring arose in theWorld Heritage arena in the early1990s, when concern was first ex-pressed over the consequences ofinscription on the World HeritageList, and the World HeritageCommittee began to examine thestate of conservation of already-inscribed sites. These explorationswere led by the Committee’s ad-visory bodies (ICCROM, ICO-MOS and IUCN), who organiseda number of important interna-tional meetings on monitoring forWorld Heritage Sites.

ICCROM, among others, hasembraced this issue in its own ac-tivities. In September 1999, it helda three-day symposium on meas-uring the non-economic value ofheritage (i.e. those values thatcannot easily be measured in dol-lar terms). The Heritage Settle-ments Unit, through its ITUCprogramme, addressed monitor-ing issues for historic cities in aninternational workshop held inMay 2000, in Malta. ICCROM also

participated in a further meeting,held by ICOMOS in Israel in Feb-ruary 2002, to look at monitoringof archaeological sites.

ICCROM and ICOMOS arecurrently collating the results ofthis work in a “Monitoring Refer-ence Manual” for the World Her-itage Committee. This manual hasbeen envisaged as an importanttool for national authorities andsite managers participating in theCommittee’s regional “PeriodicReporting” exercise.

The search for better monitor-ing tools and methods has con-firmed a number of principles ofsound heritage monitoring prac-tice:

Monitoring is not an end initself, but a means to lead tocorrective action.Fundamentally, monitoring is anactivity that involves both meas-uring and evaluating change. Inthe heritage sector, as in all fields,monitoring is undertaken to gaininformation that allows for“course correction”. For example,monitoring assessments may re-sult in decisions targeted at reduc-

ing pollution in the air around astone monument or in proposedimprovements in maintenanceregimes. Monitoring practicesneed to be integrated within themanagement systems they serverather than developed for theirown sake.

Monitoring tools should beservants of the purposesthey serve, not the contrary.Too often, monitoring projects aredriven by fascination with fash-ionable monitoring tools, such asGlobal Information Systems orsets of trendy indicators. It is im-portant that the tools and indica-tors chosen are those that willbest meet the defined purpose ofthe monitoring activity within thecontext of available resources andapplicable constraints.

Effective monitoringsystems for culturalheritage must be designedto take a wide range ofintrinsic and extrinsicfactors into account.Too often, monitoring pro-grammes focus on only one facetof a particular situation. For some,monitoring is about measuringdimensional change in a buildingor structure; for others, it is direct-ed towards understanding demo-graphic trends and the changingsocial pressures within a historic


Vilnius, Lithuania: Effective monitoringrequires looking beyond surfacechanges. Has extensive publicinvestment in façade painting in VilniusOld Town improved conditions forconservation or the contrary?Monitoring helps frame the debatearound such options in managingheritage sites.

city; and for yet others, it is part ofthe management planning cycle,providing feedback on planned ac-tions for improvement. Effectivemonitoring requires a comprehen-sive framework measuring physi-cal change in the heritage itself; theexternal pressures or conditionsaffecting the heritage; and the ef-fectiveness of conservation actionsor strategies.

The key focus in monitoringcultural heritage is thedegree to which heritagevalues are intact and lie atthe heart of decision-makingfor a site. While it is important that the moni-toring framework established for aproperty is drawn widely to ensurethat all conditions significant for itsconservation are assessed, the cen-tral question is the degree to whichthe heritage values of a site havebeen affected by time and circum-stances.

Generally, the presence of astatement of significance, describ-ing the relationship between thetangible and intangible values of asite, is a reliable indicator thatthese values are described clearlyenough to measure the impact ofproposed property developmentor conservation actions on thesevalues.

Objectivity in definingheritage values requires theapplication of scientificmethod to efforts to ensurethat the values identified arewidely shared.Objectivity in evaluating heritagevalues is often more elusive forcultural heritage than for naturalheritage. Many natural heritagevalues reflect understandings inthe natural sciences, and permitrelatively accurate scientific meas-

urement (e.g. the rarity of a partic-ular species). Cultural heritagevalues are based on perceptions offactors in human developmentthat may appear important at agiven point in time, and their eval-uation lies primarily in the realmof the humanities.

Optimizing objectivity for cul-tural heritage requires both a sys-tematic effort to identify the natureof the potential contributions ofthe property to our understandingof aesthetic, historic, archaeologi-cal, scientific and technological de-velopment, and consultationprocesses that seek general agree-ment among concerned citizens orgroups about where value lies.

ICCROM continues to develop theseexperiences within the Heritage Set-tlements programmes. A two-dayworkshop on monitoring issues will beheld in Vicenza in conjunction withthe World Heritage Convention 30th

anniversary celebrations on 11-12 No-vember, 2002. For further informa-tion, contact Herb Stovel:[email protected]

AFRICA 2009 entersa new phase The AFRICA 2009 programme, apartnership of African cultural her-itage organizations, ICCROM, theUNESCO World Heritage Centre,and CRATerre-EAG, successfullycompleted its pilot phase at the endof 2001 and has now moved into anew consolidation phase.

As in past years, the main activi-ty in 2001 at the regional level (Pro-jet Cadre) was the Regional Courseon Conservation and Managementof Immovable Cultural Heritageheld in Mombasa, Kenya, in part-nership with the Programme forMuseum Development in Africa(PMDA) and the National Muse-ums of Kenya. The course in Eng-

lish, which was attended by 22 par-ticipants from 18 countries in theregion, focused on a two-month,hands-on exercise to develop man-agement plans for two sites in theOld Town of Mombasa.

The first thematic seminar inFrench, attended by 20 partici-pants from 18 countries, took placein Ségou, Mali, in November 2001.

The seminar, a partnership withthe National Department for Artsand Culture of the Ministry of Cul-ture of Mali, was entitled “WhatArguments for Creating Aware-ness of Conservation of Immov-able African Cultural Heritage?”

Two research projects were alsocarried out in 2001. The first result-ed in the publication of a report onTraditional Conservation Practices


Site visit to Djenne in Mali during the2001 Thematic Seminar

Participants of the 2001 RegionalCourse at the Jumba la Mtwanaarchaeological site in Kenya

in Africa (the programme is cur-rently examining the possibility ofissuing a more formal publicationof this material). The second, apartnership with the SouthernAfrican Rock Art Project (SARAP),led to the compilation of a CourseManual for Rock Art Documenta-tion, which was piloted on theCOMRASA-2001 course held inKasama, Zambia.

The second annual AFRICA2009 Newsletter was published inJune, 2002. A redesigned web site(www.iccrom.org/africa2009) andan e-mail news list also help dis-seminate information about theprogramme and aid African pro-fessionals in monitoring activity inthe region.

In addition to these regular ac-tivities, the AFRICA 2009 SteeringCommittee initiated an independ-ent assessment process of the pro-gramme since it was launched in1998. The first step was an assess-ment report, which presented avery positive view of the accom-plishments to date and indicatedhow the programme could be im-

proved in the future. The findingsof the assessment team were thendiscussed at a bilingual DirectorsSeminar held in Mombasa at theend of September. A number of theproposals were adopted and a

draft programme wasdrawn up for the consol-idation phase (2002–

2005). Several new activities, in-cluding national seminars, shorttechnical courses and a pro-gramme of internship and cross-border exchange, will beintroduced as a result of the as-sessment.

AFRICA 2009 would like tothank its financial partners duringthe pilot phase. Funding for theProjet Cadre has come from Sida,NORAD, the Finnish, Italian andNorwegian Ministries of ForeignAffairs, the World Heritage Fundand ICCROM, who have all indi-cated their willingness to reaffirmtheir support during the consoli-dation phase. Funding for the Pro-jets Situés has come from the WorldHeritage Fund, French Embassiesin individual countries, the WorldMonuments Fund, NORAD, localand national heritage agencies,and private companies.


Projets Situés (Site Projects)

Site projects, a vital element of AFRICA 2009, ensure that regional activities are based on

realistic methods for management and conservation of African heritage sites. They also

allow the programme to work with

professionals, artisans and

communities that it would not

otherwise be able to reach. Projets

Situés in 2001-2002 have included

work on James Island in the Gambia,

the Kondoa Irangi Rock Paintings site

in Tanzania, the Askia Tomb in Mali,

the Asante Traditional Buildings World

Heritage Site in Ghana, Agadez in

Niger, and the Habitat Bétammaribé

in Togo. The Kasubi Tombs site in

Uganda, the subject of a Projet Situé

in 1998 and 2000, was recently added

to the UNESCO World Heritage List as

a direct result of work carried out

within the AFRICA 2009 programme.

Above: Askia Tomb in Mali

Left: Interior of the Kasubi Tombs in Uganda

Focus on Management Planning

One of the main focuses of AFRICA 2009 since its inception has been the

management planning process. Bolstered by work on several Projets Situés

and the hands-on management planning exercise that is a part of the regional

courses, the programme has begun to build on these experiences. As a first

step, a workshop was held in March 2002 in Grenoble, France, at the

CRATerre-EAG premises. The programme brought together former participants

and resource persons of AFRICA 2009 courses, partners in Projet Situés, and

staff members from CRATerre-EAG, ICCROM and the UNESCO World Heritage

Centre. The resulting work will be

used to fine-tune the 2002 regional

course and will eventually lead to

the creation of didactic materials

and a publication on the

management planning process in

Africa.

Baba Ceesay (Gambia) andSouayibou Varissou (Benin),participants of the ManagementPlanning Workshop


GEORGIAOn 25 April, 2002, a severe earth-quake hit Tbilisi, the capital ofGeorgia, resulting in loss of lifeand property. The historic area ofTbilisi is of significant heritagevalue and has been nominated forinclusion in UNESCO's WorldHeritage List. ICCROM was thefirst international organisation torespond to an appeal for assis-tance from the Georgia Depart-ment of Cultural Heritage andorganised a mission, entrusted toMr Ray Bondin, on 16-19 May,2002, to document the impact ofthe earthquake, and recommendthe relevant conservation expert-ise to assess the stability of dam-aged buildings. Preliminaryconclusions emphasized the ur-gency of the situation, noting 150buildings in immediate danger ofcollapse, and the very limited fi-nancial resources within Georgiato respond to it.

ITALYTwenty-two officials from threeItalian Ministries took part in aninformation course on World Her-itage nomination and periodic re-porting procedures, organized byICCROM in collaboration with theUNESCO World Heritage Centreon 6-8 March, 2002, in Rome. Theaim of the course was to familiar-ize participants with World Her-itage Convention implementationprocedures to enable them to un-dertake missions on behalf of theWorld Heritage Centre.

JORDAN, LEBANON,SYRIASixteen young students and fiveteachers, from Jordan, Lebanonand Syria, participated in theWorld Heritage Skills Develop-ment Training Course in Petra,Jordan, organized by UNESCO’sWorld Heritage Centre (WHC)and the Associated Schools Pro-ject Network (ASPnet) in close

collaboration with their AmmanOffice, the UNESCO Jordan Com-mission and ICCROM. The aim ofthe course, held in Arabic, was toestablish a model of co-operationbetween schools and site heritagemanagers and to develop new ed-ucational approaches to introduceworld heritage into school curric-ula. The four-day course, whichincluded practical activities onsite, focused on raising youthawareness of the dangers threat-ening cultural heritage, and en-couraging local communities tore-discover their own heritage asa means of ensuring its protection(see page 14).

LEBANONICCROM organized a trainingworksite in October 2001 on theconservation of mural paintingsat the 18th century Maronitechurch of Qannoubine in theQadisha Valley of northernLebanon in collaboration with theGeneral Direction of Antiquitiesof the Ministry of Culture inLebanon and the National Com-mission for UNESCO. TheQadisha Valley was declared aWorld Heritage Site in 1998. Thenine participants were introducedto basic theory and techniques inmural painting conservation andwere able to assist practically inthe cleaning and consolidationtreatment of the paintings in thecentral and lateral apses of thechurch.

COLLABORATIONWITH MEMBERSTATES

Some recent examples

Wall paintings in Maronite church,Qannoubine, Lebanon.

Houses in the medieval centre ofTbilisi, Georgia, after the earthquake.

Course participants on study visit atthe Appia Antica Regional Park, Rome,Italy, March 2002.

Mónica García Robles was second-ed from ICCROM to the PeruvianMinistry of Foreign Affairs in Octo-ber 2001 to undertake a project intheir Historical Boundary Archive.She reports:

The PeruvianArchive ProjectSince 1999, the Peruvian Ministryof Foreign Affairs has been givingpriority to its archives. The initia-tive started with the launch of anintegrated archival project that in-cluded introducing a computer-ized document managementsystem to facilitate the flow of day-to-day documentation, as well asreorganizing the extensive docu-mentation that the Ministry hasproduced or gathered over theyears.

The project was led by a Peru-vian archivist, Yolanda Bisso, sup-ported by seventeen archivists,who set up a system that managesinternal, incoming and outgoingdocumentation. It is now headingtowards information managementthrough e-government.

At the same time, the Ministrywas centralizing its archives in asingle building across the streetfrom Torre Tagle, the historicbuilding where they had beenhoused since 1921. Rehabilitationof the new headquarters, a formerten-storey bank building datingfrom the 1970s, included design-ing an appropriate archival space,two floors below ground level,where the bank vaults were locat-ed. The archive floor has been di-vided into two separate areas: anew section built specifically forthe Central Archives with a read-ing room and offices and the reno-vated area, with its huge vaultsand round metal doors, housingthe Treaties Archive, the HistoricalArchive of Peruvian Boundaries,and the conservation and book-binding laboratories.

When construction ended inMay 2001, the Central Archiveshad a total storage capacity of7,900 linear meters. The 11,000

boxes containing documentationsince 1821 were transferred to theirnewly furnished and climate-con-trolled home. It took over thirtypeople a whole month to moveeverything into place. The reno-vated area was completed in De-cember 2001. After streamliningthe document flow system, thenext phase was to tackle the Min-istry’s historical archives.

The Historical BoundaryArchive (Archivo Histórico deLímites – AHL)The documentation held in theAHL is unique. Not only is it con-sidered the most comprehensiveresource for the study of Peru andits territorial development, but it isalso an important decision-makingtool (the last treaty was signed in1998 with Ecuador). Its special fea-ture is that it contains collectionsof all types of documents from dif-ferent archives and various peri-ods of time, and not simply thedocuments produced by a giveninstitution. The archive currentlycomprises more than 10,200 docu-ments (70% colonial), some 4,000maps (10% colonial) and a small li-brary of about 500 books and 150atlases.

Two historians, Camilo Vicenteand José Luis Lenci, have been incharge of this collection for fifteenyears, and the main users to datehave been diplomats, engineers,geographers and geologists fromthe Dirección de Límites, who of-ten consult the holdings.

The Boundary ArchiveProjectAfter a preliminary study of thecollections and with the patronageof the Vice-Minister of Foreign Af-fairs, Ambassador Manuel Ro-dríguez Cuadros, it was decided tofocus on the map collection, which


Preservation ofarchives in Peru – and at ICCROM

Reorganizing maps and inputting datain the Map Archive, Lima, Peru

had not had a printed cataloguesince 1957. The documents had re-ceived more attention, as theywere all microfilmed and properlystored in the late 1980s. They hadalso fared better than the mapsduring the renovation works: allthe document boxes were tem-porarily transferred to the new cli-mate-controlled area of the CentralArchives, whereas the map collec-tion remained exposed.

The project aims were to imple-ment a preservation programmeas an integrated part of thearchival administration, to ensurefuture continuity of the project,and to facilitate access to the col-lection by all users.

In January 2002, when the workswere completed, the area was pro-vided with suitable environmentalcontrol for storage and use of itsholdings. Dust generated by theworks, however, made it necessaryto clean shelves, furniture and themaps inside the drawers. This taskwas performed with the archivestaff, a volunteer and the invalu-able help of Larry Ivan Mendoza,the Ministry’s paper conservatorand a former ICCROM participant(2001 Archival ConservationCourse in Chile), who also instruct-ed the team on appropriate han-dling techniques for large-formatcollections. The storage area wasreorganized to make space for ad-ditional, custom-made furniture foroutsize maps. All the maps are nowbeing rearranged according to sizeand material.

An important feature of thisproject has been the involvementof users at all levels in the preser-vation programme – researchers,diplomats, archival and cleaningstaff – as considerable damagemay occur when people are un-aware of how to handle an objectcorrectly.

In order to facilitate access tothe collection, we are implement-ing an on-line database based oninternational archival standards,which will include scanned im-ages of over 1,300 maps that willbe accessible on the Internet:http://www.rree.gob.pe/

This is a very ambitious project,and ensuring its continuity is themain goal. Special emphasis hastherefore been given to empower-ment of staff, actively involvingthem in the development, imple-mentation and decision-makingprocesses of the project.

!!!

ICCROM’s own archives are alsoactively managed, as reportedhere by María Mata Caravaca:

ICCROM’s archivesThe archives contain historicaldocuments relating to ICCROM’sactivities and administration go-ing back to the early 1950s. Theseinclude paper-based texts anddrawings as well as photographicmaterial, audio/audiovisual re-cordings and digital records,which are all stored in a climate-controlled environment.

ICCROM has been cataloguingand digitizing its graphic and pho-tographic collection since 1998.The photographs come mainlyfrom ICCROM projects and mis-sions all over the world and didac-

tic material prepared for ICCROMcourses. More than 20,000 images,recording state of conservation,scientific analysis and restorationprocesses of world cultural her-itage, have been entered into an in-house database. So far, around2,000 of them may be accessed onhttp://www.iccrom.org/eng/lib/photo.htm. A report on the IC-CROM image database was pub-lished in the Proceedings of theEVA (Electronic Imaging and theVisual Arts) 2002 Conference heldin Florence in March.

A survey to extend the usefullife of ICCROM archival materialsand help identify requirements forarchival management is close tocompletion. It has scrutinized thefollowing: • physical state of repository

(roof, masonry, plumbing andelectrical systems);

• environmental conditions (tem-perature, relative humidity,light, ventilation and air quali-ty);

• security (fire prevention and anti-theft measures, risk pre-paredness);

• range, format and condition ofarchival materials.The collected data will be evalu-

ated to establish priorities and de-cide on appropriate action forpreserving the holdings, taking in-to account their value and the fu-ture use to which they may be put.


Archive repository at ICCROM.

In the Tropics, June 2000. A youngconservator is analysing the dataobtained over a six-month periodof monitoring the environmentalconditions in a large buildinghousing a priceless archival collec-tion. Drawing up graphs and ta-bles, she extracts information froma mass of numbers. Peak tempera-ture in the month of May, 31°C.Lowest relative humidity in April,19% RH. Highest daily fluctuationin relative humidity, ±10% RH.Piece by piece, a climatic profile ofthe building emerges.

But what does this profileshow? Are these values “normal”?Thanks to her training, the conser-vator knows that heat and humidi-ty are important factors in thedeterioration of paper. So, in anideal world, all 2,000 m3 of docu-ments would be kept cool andmoderately dry. In the real world,though, the conservator’s lack ofspecialised knowledge in preven-tive conservation makes itself felt.How cool, how dry? How much vari-ation is reasonable? What shouldshe propose?

As the most highly trained con-servator in the surrounding100,000 km2, she does not have theoption of direct consultation withexperts. Articles and books pub-lished during the 1980s on the sub-ject have to fill the gap. These tellher that similar institutions in Eu-rope and the US adhere to certain

environmental standards. “Ah-ha,” she thinks. “Here it is. Opti-mum conditions for books:20-22°C, 40-50% RH. Maximumdaily fluctuation, ± 2% RH… Useof air conditioning equipment…”

A half-hour later, the picturelooks bleak. Behind the conserva-tor’s cubicle, the air conditioningvents collect dust, having brokendown one month after installation,two decades ago. Should thearchive’s conditions be brought upto international standards? Aglance out the window shows howdifficult this will be. The rainy sea-son has begun, and destitute chil-dren huddle under the publicbuilding’s roof. Replacing the airconditioning will entail great ex-pense. But then, isn’t the children’shistory worth protecting? How elsewill they know their rights? This ar-gument tips the scales, and the con-servator types, “Installation ofmodern air conditioning equip-ment is recommended, if and whenits operation follows the strict spec-ifications listed below, and itsmaintenance is properly assured.”Fortunately, the director is a veryprogressive man, so the proof of thegap between present conditionsand those recommended by Euro-pean experts should impress him.

Her writing is interrupted bythe noise of rickety wheels on thecement floor. One of the archive’sworkers waves as he passes with a

load of priceless historic newspa-pers grazing the floor, heaped on atrolley used for transportingheavy items. The conservatorsighs and calls to the worker. “Jim-my! How many times have I toldyou not to use the trolley? Youmust use the special cart instead!”Jimmy scoffs. “I would have tomake three trips with the cart! In-stead of one with the trolley. I say,damn the cart. It’s made forwomen.”

No sense in arguing or trying toexplain historical value and deteri-oration factors to Jimmy, it’s beentried before. Appeals to “quality”,the new internal procedures man-ual and American standards forhandling documents are quite

ridiculous in the eyes of a manwho barely earns enough to feedhis family by working two jobs.He can’t be fired either, since he’sprotected by the union. Only onerecourse is left. The conservatordecides it’s time to try.


Standards inconservation: a fable

Rebeca Alcántara

The hygrothermograph produces acontinuous record of relative humidityand temperature

“Look, Jimmy, I want to showyou something.” She hands him aheavy tome and points out article52 of the federal monuments law.

“Whosoever damages or destroysa historic object in any way will besubjected to one to ten years’ im-prisonment and a fine equal to thedamages.” Jimmy remains impas-sive, but the conservator can tellthat the point has been taken atlast. “You didn’t know this before,so I’m not going to do anythingabout the trolley today. But nexttime…!”

The administrator comes alongand Jimmy vanishes into thestacks. “Bad news,” says the ad-ministrator. “The building inspec-tors just came by. It seems thatinternational standards havechanged. Halon gas is no longerapproved. We have to get rid ofour fire extinguishers by next

month.” This is terrible news in-deed. The budget will not allowfor new extinguishers to be boughtuntil January. The archive will beunprotected from fire for fivemonths. “And to think of all thetrouble and expense we went toscarcely a year and a half ago, toinstall those extinguishers!”

“By the way,” says the conser-vator, “I just spoke to the fumigat-ing company’s manager. Heproposed using a newer, lessharmful product next week, be-cause the old substances havebeen linked to cancer in the FirstWorld.” The administrator lookssuspicious and asks how muchmore this will cost. On being in-formed of the estimate for the newpesticide, he laughs sardonically.“Forget it. Can you tell the differ-ence between the new product andthe old? A bottle with ISO 9000seals on it is no guarantee. What’sto prevent the owner from filling itwith the same old pesticide? If hereally uses pesticides at all. I havemy doubts, from the way the cock-roaches keep reappearing and thefact that the owner just bought aMercedes Benz…”

A year later, the conservator re-turns from studying a programmein preventive conservation abroad.She has learned, to her great cha-grin, that environmental standardsshould never be imposed as ab-solute optimum values, and thatair conditioning’s cyclical fluctua-tions may cause more harm thangood. “Thank goodness the airconditioning proposal was far tooexpensive, anyway,” she consolesherself, as she knocks on the direc-tor’s door. The director welcomesher back with a delighted smile.“Guess what!” he exclaims. “Re-member that there were electionsright after you left for your course?I presented your proposal to the

new mayor and he was very im-pressed with your appeal to bringthe archive up to internationalstandards. He used to be the man-ager of Hughes-Packerd, youknow. Anyway, he decided it washigh time we had a decent archive,talked to some wealthy societyladies, and gave us the money forthe air-conditioning equipment!Had you noticed how cool andmoist it is in here, for a change?”

!!!

This brief tale may seem like a car-icature, but it presents real, com-mon problems in the use ofstandards in the developingworld. People working in muse-ums, libraries, archives, archaeo-logical sites and churches thatkeep their communities’ culturalheritage are increasingly exposedto the concept of “standards”.What exactly are these standards,and where did they come from?What are they based on? What arethey used for? Are there any ad-vantages to adhering to them?How may we use them for ourbenefit? How may we avoid theirpitfalls?

!!!

Rebeca Alcántara graduated fromthe Escuela Nacional de Restau-ración y Museografía at Chu-rubusco in Mexico City, and iscurrently based in Paris. Her re-port on the use of standards inconservation, to which this text is aprologue, was carried out for IC-CROM.


Disorganized files illustrating the needfor an archivist.

September 200201/09/02-06/09/02 Baltimore, MD United States of AmericaIIC Congress 2002Works of art on paper,books, documents andphotographs: techniquesand conservationIIC6 Buckingham StreetLONDON WC2N 6BAUnited KingdomFax: +44 (020) [email protected]://www.iiconservation.org

09/09/02 Leicester, United KingdomWhere conservation meetsconservation: theinterface between historicbuildings and theircontentsDr Belinda ColstonDepartment of ChemistryDe Montfort UniversityThe GatewayLEICESTER LE1 9BHUnited KingdomTel: +44 116 257 [email protected]

18/09/02-20/09/02 Belo Horizonte, BrazilStructural masonry fordeveloping countries:international seminar (7th)Dr. Gray Farias MoitaCEFEET MGAv. Amazonas, 7675BELO HORIZONTE 30510BrazilTel: +55 31 3319 5237Fax: +55 31 3319 [email protected]://www.cefetmg.br/masonry

October 200201/10/02Athens, GreeceRestoration of theAcropolis monuments:international meeting (5th) Prof. Bouras CharalambosComm. PreservationAcropolis Monuments10, Polygnotou str.GR-105 55 ATHENSGreeceTel: +30 (01) 3243.427 [email protected]

01/10/02-04/10/02 Havana, CubaConservación yrestauración delpatrimonio: tallerinternacional (1er)La conservación yrestauración de bienesmuebles patrimonialesArq. Eloisa García BicetGabinete de Conservación yRestauraciónDirección de PatrimonioOficina del HistoriadorOficios #19 e/ Calle de Justizy ObrapiaHABANA VIEJACubaTel: +53 7 862 2206 / 861 5846Fax: +53 7 861 [email protected]

15/10/02-17/10/02 Beijing, ChinaWorld Heritagemanagement for Asia andPacificArchitecture forsustainable WorldHeritage tourismProf. Lu Zhou, DirectorInstitute of Architectural

ConservationTsinghua UniversityBEIJINGChinaFax: +86 10 627 [email protected]

23/10/02-25/10/02 Valletta, MaltaConservation andrestoration of arms andarmour: internationalseminarRobert SmithRoyal ArmouriesArmouries DriveLEEDS LS10 1LTUnited KingdomTel: +44 0113 220 1920Fax: +44 0113 [email protected]

25/10/02-26/10/02 Padua, ItalyColour and conservation:biennial congress (1st)Traditional and innovativemethods for the cleaningof paintings and movablepolychrome objectsCESMAR7Parco Scientifico eTecnologico-GalileoCorso Spagna, 12I-35127 PADOVAItalyTel: +39 049 [email protected]://www.cesmar7.it

29/10/02-31/10/02 Lisbon, PortugalA escultura policromadareligiosa dos séculos XVIIe XVIII: congresointernacional

Ana Isabel Seruya, Co-ordinatorInstituto Portugues deConservação e RestauroRua das Janelas Verdes, 371249-018 [email protected]://www.muse.ucl.be/policromia

29/10/02-03/11/02 Thessaloniki, GreeceInternational Committeefor the Conservation ofMosaics (ICCM):conference (8th)Wall and floor mosaics:conservation,maintenance, presentationEphoreia of ByzantineAntiquitiesof ThessalonikiEptapyrgionPO Box 35, Agios PavlosGR-554 01 THESSALONIKIGreeceTel: +30 31 20 47 34Fax: +30 31 21 26 [email protected]

November 200205/11/02-08/11/02 Strasbourg, FranceSpace applications forheritage conservation:conferenceEYRISY Association3-5 rue Mario NikisF-75015 PARISFranceTel: +33 1 4734 0079Fax: +33 1 4734 [email protected]://www.eurisy.asso.fr


MEETINGS AND EVENTS

September 2002 - November 2003

Calendar of selected meetings and events around the

world of interest to the conservation community. For a

fuller list, consult Conferences and Links on ICCROM’s

web site.

Please send information about future conferences to:

ICCROM Conference Calendar

Via di San Michele, 13

I-00153 Rome, Italy

Tel. +39-0658553372

Fax +39-0658553349

[email protected]

www.iccrom.orgGlazed ceramics applied to architecture. Rooftop chimney (no.2)on Antoni Gaudí's Palau Güell, Barcelona, Spain. Revetment byRobert Llimós. Photo by Antoni González Moreno-Navarro.

14/11/02 London, United KingdomA window on the past:conserving stained glass.A forumAndrew Argyrakis,Conservation OfficerCouncil for the care ofchurchesChurch HouseGreat Smith StreetLONDON SW1P 3NZUnited KingdomTel: +44 020 7898 1874Fax: +44 020 7898 1881

25/11/02-27/11/02 Valencia, SpainGrupo Español del IIC(GEIIC): congreso (1)Conservación delpatrimonio: evolución ynuevas perspectivasMaria Consuelo GarcíaSecretaria I Congreso GEIICSubsecreteria de PromociónCulturalAvda. de Campanar n. 32E-46015 VALENCIASpainTel: +34 96 386 [email protected]

December 200201/12/02-05/12/02 Madrid, SpainICOMOS 23rd GeneralAssemblyStrategies for the world'scultural heritageICOMOS SpainPaseo de la Castellana 12-4E-28046 MADRIDSpainTel: +34 91 435 2200Fax: +34 91 575 [email protected]

02/12/02-06/12/02 Boston, MAUnited States of AmericaMaterials ResearchSociety (MRS): fallmeetingMRS506 Keystone DriveWARRENDALE, PA 15086-7573United States of Americahttp://www.mrs.org/meetings/fall2002

10/12/02-13/12/02 Pietermaritzburg, South AfricaPreserving library andarchival materials inAfrica: opportunities andchallengesPatrick NgulubeUniversity of Natal (PMB)School of Human and SocialStudiesDept. of Information StudiesPrivate Bag X01, Scottsville3209 PIETERMARITZBURGSouth AfricaTel: +27 33 260 5972Fax: +27 331 260 [email protected]

13/12/02 Amsterdam, NetherlandsWood and furnitureconservation:international symposium(6th)The meeting of East andWest in furniture tradeDominique van LoosdrechtRijksmuseum AmsterdamPO Box 74888NL-1070 AMSTERDAMNetherlandsTel: +31 20 6747 229Fax: +31 20 6747 [email protected]

March 2003 01/03/03 Palma de Mallorca, SpainCéramique médiévale enMéditerranée: congrèsinternational (7) [Mars2003, tentative date]SecrétariatCongrès international (7)Museu de Mallorcac/Portella, 5E-07001 PALMA DEMALLORCASpainTel: +34 971 [email protected]:// Archéologia, n. 381,Septembre 2001

22/03/03-23/03/03 Tusnad, RomaniaBuilt heritageconservation: biannualinternational conference(11th)Historic building conservationcompatibility issuesDorottya Makay Program DirectorOp I, Cp 379R-3400 CLUJ-NRomaniaTel: +40 94 636 475Fax: +40 64 435 [email protected]

April 200303/04/03-04/04/03 London, United KingdomPreservation andconservation issuesrelated to digital printingand digital photography:international conference(2nd)Prof. Robert ThompsonSchool of Printing andPublishingLondon College of PrintingElephant and CastleLONDON SE1 6SBUnited KingdomTel: +44 0207 514 6701Fax: +44 0207 514 [email protected]

16/04/03-19/04/03 Bordeaux, FranceColloque Archéométrie2003Centre de recherche enphysique appliquéà l’archéologieMaison de l'archéologie

Esplanades des AntillesF-33 607 PESSACFranceFax: +33 05 5712 [email protected]

May 200301/05/03 Lisbon, PortugalConservação ereabilitação de edificios(ENCORE): encontro (3)[May 2003, tentative date]Secretariado geral do 3ENCORECDIT - LNECAv. Brasil 101P-1700-0066 LISBOAPortugalTel: +351 218 443483Fax: +351 218 [email protected]://www.lnec.pt/3encore

07/05/03-09/05/03 Halkidiki, GreeceStructural studies, repairsand maintenance ofheritage architecture(STREMAH): internationalconference (8th)G. CossuttaConference SecretariatWessex Institute ofTechnologyAshurst LodgeAshurstSOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AAUnited KingdomTel: +44 0238 029 3223Fax: +44 0238 029 [email protected]://www.wessex.ac.uk/conferences/2003/stremah03

June 200304/06/03-10/06/03 Arlington, VAUnited States of AmericaAIC conferenceThe history, philosophyand ethics of conservationAIC1717 K Street NW, Suite 200WASHINGTON, DC 20006United States of AmericaTel: +1 202 452 9545Fax: +1 202 452 [email protected]

05/06/03-06/06/03 Ljubljana, SloveniaStandards in preservation:exhibiting archival, libraryand graphic materialJedert VodopivecArchives of SloveniaZvezdarska 11000 LJUBLJANASloveniaTel: +386 1 24 14 206Fax: +386 1 24 [email protected]

July 200310/07/03-14/07/03 Moscow, Russian FederationThe InternationalCommittee for theConservation of theIndustrial Heritage(TICCIH): internationalcongress (XII)Preservation of industrialheritage and rehabilitationof old industrial centresEugene LogunovInstitute of Material CultureP.O. Box 65B-109 EKATERINBURGRussian FederationTel: +7 3432 297 874Fax: +7 3432 297 [email protected]://www.museu.mnactec.com/ticcih

August 200325/08/03-29/08/03 Dunhuang, ChinaConservation of grottosites: internationalconference (2)Conservation of ancientsites on the Silk RoadKathleen LouwGetty Conservation InstituteField Projects1200 Getty Center DriveLOS ANGELES, CA 90049United States of AmericaFax: +1 (310) 440 [email protected]://www.getty.edu/conservation

September 200315/09/03-18/09/03 Ottawa, ON, CanadaPreservation of electronicrecords: new knowledgeand decision-making:symposiumSymposium 2003 ProgramCoordinatorCanadian ConservationInstitute1030 Innes RoadOTTAWA, ON K1A OM5CanadaTel: +1 613 998 3721Fax: +1 613 998 [email protected]

November 200315/11/03-19/11/03 Yazd Iran (Islamic Republic of)Terra 2003: internationalconference (9th) on thestudy and conservation ofearthen architectureDr. A. Vatandoust, DirectorResearch Center forConservationof Cultural Relics (RCCCR)P.O. Box 11365-483411365 TEHERANIran (Islamic Republic of)Tel: +98 21 670 2667Fax: +98 21 670 [email protected]://www.terra2000.org



Archaeology Mishra, Phanikanta, Ed.,Researches in archaeologyand conservation. New Delhi:Sundeep Prakashan, 1999,199pp. ISBN 81-7574-083-3

Several authors offer acritical approach toproblems of conservationof monuments andantiquities in India andEurope. This well-illustratedwork is divided into foursections: scientific researchin archaeology; reports anddiagnosis of sites andmaterials; conservation ofobjects from excavationsand museum collections;conservation ofarchaeological sites andmonuments.

Pedelì, Corrado – Pulga,Stefano, Praticheconservative sullo scavoarcheologico: principi emetodi. Firenze: All’insegnadel Giglio, 2002, 155pp.(Futuro anteriore; 1) ISBN88-7814-208-5

Harmonising procedureson archaeological sites isfundamental to soundconservation practice forboth archaeologist andconservator/restorer. Thismanual details what must

be done at every stage ofexcavation: excavation andevaluation of objects andstructures, protectivecovering, stabilization andconsolidation, transport,cleaning, packaging andsite storage, long-termconservation. An appendixprovides further informationon useful products andequipment.

ArchitectureCoquillat, Annie – Grelat,Alain, Prévention dessinistres dus à l’humiditédans les bâtiments anciens.Paris :SEBTP, 2002, 77pp.ISBN 2-95174-5-6

The purpose of this work isto prevent accidentsoccurring as a result ofrestoring old buildings. It istargeted at foremen,building contractors andcompanies to raise theirawareness of old buildingsand of their susceptibilityto environmental andstructural changes resultingfrom drastic rehabilitation.The study includes: themain types of old buildings;humidity diagnosis - themain problems and how tosolve them.

BuildingmaterialsCarli, Félicien, Le petit guideillustré de la chaux. Paris :Terres et Couleurs, 2001,48pp. (Les cahiers de Terreset Couleurs ; 5) ISBN 2-913207-04-9

A small illustrated, didacticguide to lime presents thematerial, its characteristics,use and problems arisingfrom improper use. Theauthor deals with problemsencountered in theapplication or repair oftraditional lime renders andprovides solutions for each

case study. A guide toearth pigments for lime anda list of Europeanmanufacturers is included.

Delvigne, Jean E., Atlas ofmicromorphology of mineralalteration and weathering.Ottawa: MineralogicalAssociation of Canada, 1998,495pp. ISBN 0-921294-43-3

This atlas provides anexhaustive study of thealteration of minerals, takingrocks in Brazil and WestAfrica as examples. It firstmakes a petrographic studyof the rocks and thendescribes the relationshipbetween the original mineraland that resulting fromalteration. A large numberof colour thin-sectionsillustrate each pattern. Thework has an extensivebibliography and glossary.

CeramicsBarclay, Katherine, Scientificanalysis of archaeologicalceramics: a handbook ofresources. Oxford: OxbowBooks, 2001, 56pp. ISBN 1-84217-031-7

A handbook for ceramicarchaeologists in charge ofcollections to encouragethem to use scientificservices. The various types

of ceramic analysisavailable are explained indetail: mineralogical, basic,technological, dating,authenticity. An extensivebibliography and anappendix listing centreswhere analysis may becarried out in Great Britainare included.

El azulejo en el museo: suconservación, restauración ymontaje expositivo. Museonacional de cerámica y delas artes suntuariasGonzález Martí. Valencia:Museo nacional de ceramicay de las artes suntuariasGonzález Martí, 2001, 94pp.(Colección Ver Museos) ISBN84-369-3515-2

The catalogue of anexhibition relating to therenovation of the NationalCeramics Museum inValencia, Spain, duringwhich a programme wasset up to restore thecollections of azulejos. Itexamines all aspects ofconservation from thetransfer of mural panelsand tiles to new supportsto the restoration itself(cleaning, consolidationand reintegration), as wellas innovative methods ofmuseum presentation. Thecatalogue of exhibitscontains a historicaldescription of the objectand indications as tocorrect restorationtreatment.

General works onconservationLacona IV : les lasers dans laconservation des œuvresd’art = Lasers in theconservation of artworks,Paris, 11-14 septembre 2001.Paris : Section française del’ICOMOS, 2001, 356pp.

Laser cleaning is adoptedall over the world even ifthere are still certain

RECENT LIBRARYACQUISITIONS

The ICCROM library is pleased to announce a selection of recently acquired titles.


doubts as to its safety.Eighty-one papers, on themain applications of lasersin conservation, presentedat this 4th internationalconference, dealt with thefollowing: cleaning stone,ivory, glass, metal andorganic materials;treatment of polychromyand problems of fading;applications other thancleaning.

Section française de l’IIC.Préserver les objets de sonpatrimoine : précis deconservation préventive.Sprimont : Mardaga, 2001,264pp. ISBN 2-87009-766-2

Written by a team ofrestorers, scientists, andconservators, experiencedin heritage conservation,this book gives clear andsimple well-illustratedexplanations of the delicateproblems of preventiveconservation. The first partis devoted to theenvironment and externalfactors that affect objects.The second part analyzestheir constituent materialsand inherent susceptibilityto environmental factors;its chapters, in threesections, examine thematerial, its forms ofdeterioration, and thenecessary preventiveconservation measures.

IndustrialarchaeologyAndré, Bernard, Ed., Lepatrimoine industriel, pourquoi faire ? Acteurs etdestinataires. Vannes :CILAC - Comitéd'information et de liaisonpour l'archéologie et la miseen valeur du patrimoine

industriel, 1996, 223pp. ISSN0220 5521 (L'archéologieindustrielle en France,numéro hors-série).

This special issue includespapers from the 11thnational conference onindustrial heritage held inTrégastel, France, in 1994,which examine problemsrelating to evaluating andsafeguarding industrialheritage. Today, protectionof this heritage often haseconomic and educationalimplications with therehabilitation, re-use andexhibition of sites for touristpurposes. The papers aredivided into three sections:current industries and theirheritage, installations to beenhanced, industrialheritage and society.

Instituto Andaluz delPatrimonio Historico,Preservación de laarquitectural industrial enIberoamérica y España.Sevilla: Junta de Andalucia.Consejería de Cultura, 2001,343pp. ISBN 84-8266-182-5

A work by several authorscontaining about thirtytexts on different examplesof industrial conservation inSpain and Latin America(Argentina, Brazil andColombia). The socialinterest and re-conversionof this heritage isemphasized, as well as itsimportance in localdevelopment. The authorsstudy the history ofindustrial development inthese regions and giveexamples of public andprivate re-use of industrialbuildings/zones, and themuseum presentation ofsites and machinery.

Mural painting Guida al recuperoricomposizione e restauro didipinti murali in frammenti:l’esperienza della Basilica diSan Francesco in Assisi =Guide to the recovery,recomposition andrestoration of shattered wallpaintings: experience gainedat the Basilica of St. Francisin Assisi. Roma: IstitutoCentrale per il Restauro,2001, 120pp.

After large sections of thevault of the upper basilicaof Assisi collapsed as aresult of the 1997earthquake, it was thoughtimpossible to recoveranything from the rubble.

Thanks to the joint effortsof restorers and otherexperts, it was possible toreassemble and restore thefigures of the saints in themural paintings. Thisbilingual English-Italian textdescribes the variousrecovery phases:identification andclassification of fragments,based on existing colourand photographicdocumentation;conservation/restoration;and pictorial reintegration.

Painting Davies, W.V., Ed., Colour andpainting in ancient Egypt.London: British MuseumPress, 2001, 192pp. ISBN 0-7141-1928-8

This book presents thirty-three papers, from a 1996international conference inLondon, on the use andnotion of colour in Egyptianpainting. It covers thefollowing subjects: pigmentidentification and analysis;binders and varnishes;analysis of tombdecoration themes andtechniques; how the artistswork; and use andsymbolism of colours. Thework is handsomelyillustrated with sixty-fourcolour plates.

The conservation of icons:exchange of experience,Uusi Valamo, 5-10 June2002. Uusi-Valamo: ValamoArt Conservation Institute,2001, 66pp. ISBN 951-97952-2-7

Papers from the thirdinternational seminar on theconservation of iconsorganised by the Valamo ArtConservation Institute aspart of the EuropeanRaphael Programme. Thepurpose of the seminar wasto exchange information onconservation practices indifferent countries(Denmark, Estonia, Finland,Germany, Great BritainGreece, Italy and Serbia),and establish aninternational consortium forthe teaching and practicaltraining of youngconservators.

PaperNational Archives of NewZealand. StatutoryRegulatory Group, Storage

standard: NAS 9901Standard for the storage ofpublic records and archives.Wellington: National Archivesof New Zealand, 2001, 23pp.

Based on the regulationscurrently applied in GreatBritain and on regulationISO /DIS 11799-1998 forstorage in the New Zealandpublic archives. Theappropriate minimal andoptimal conditions are setfor efficient managementand conservation ofarchives, observing thefollowing seven principles:identification and control,adequate classificationenabling access todocuments, adequatestorage space, security,proper air conditioning,appropriate shelves andcontainers, risk-preparedness andemergency measures.

Rock artVidal, Pierre, L’art rupestreen péril : un patrimoinemondial à sauver. Paris :Pilote 24 édition, 2001,128pp. ISBN 2-912347-21-1

Rock art belongs to ouruniversal heritage, but it issubject to various forms ofattack from natural, humanor animal sources thatjeopardise its conservation,whether above or belowground. Safeguardingprogrammes range frompreventive monitoringactions to conservationtreatments. The authorpresents several cases ofwall paintings in southernSiberia, Kazakhstan andNorth Africa, as well asOceania and Easter Island,which have benefited fromextensive documentarystudies.


Podestá, María Mercedes –Hoyos, María de, Eds., Arteen las rocas: arte rupestre,menhires y piedras decolores en Argentina.Trabajos presentados alSimposio «Nuevos estudiosdel arte rupestre enSudamérica»del congresointernacional de arterupestre, Cochabamba,Bolivia. Buenos Aires:Sociedad argentina deantropología, 2000, 237pp.ISBN 987-97121-4-5

The work includesseventeen paperspresented at aninternational symposium onrock art held atCochabamba, Bolivia, inApril 1997. They especiallydeal with Argentine heritagesites from a theoretical andmethodological viewpoint.The main subjects includestate of conservation,spatial distribution,development andmanagement of sites withincreased visitor impact,and documentation. Onepaper analyzes pigmentsused in certain sites.

SculptureMarijnissen, R.H., The caseof the Elgin marbles. Ghent:Ludion, 2002, 31pp. ISBN 90-5544-409-X

The author, a world-renowned art historian, hasbeen working for manyyears on the technical andtheoretical problems relatingto conservation of works ofart. Here the problem is thecleaning of the Parthenonsculptures in 1938-1939. Hefirst examines historicaldata on the condition of themarbles and the variouscleaning operations carriedout in the 19th century andthen describes those of1937-1938. First criticizedby Harold J. Plenderleith in1938, these sparked offconsiderable debate overthe question of observingthe original appearance ofthe sculptures. The authorthen discusses thecontroversy surrounding therestitution of the marbles toGreece.

Schießl, Ulrich – Kühnen,Renate, Eds., PolychromeSkulptur in Europe:Technologie, Konservierung,Restaurierung.Tagungsbeiträge, 11-13November 1999. Dresden:Hochschule für BildendeKünste, 1999, 176pp.

An internationalsymposium on the historyand conservation ofpolychrome sculptures inEurope was held inDresden in November1999. Participants from allover Europe gave twenty-four papers in English andGerman on recentdevelopments in research.The main subjects include:polychromy and building ofsculptures and retablosduring the Gothic andBaroque periods inGermany, Portugal, Italy,Spain and Belgium;techniques of applieddecoration; terracottasculpture; Baroquepolychrome wooddecorations;conservation/restorationmethodologies ofpolychromes and thetreatment of missingelements.

TextilesCardamone, Jeanette M. –Baker, Mary T., Ed., Historictextiles, papers, andpolymers in museums.Washington: AmericanChemical Society, 2001,227pp. (ACS symposiumseries; 779) ISBN 0-8412-3652-6

The American ChemicalSociety has publishedpapers from symposia formany years. This is themost recent volume,containing papers given attwo Boston meetings in1998 on textiles, historicpapers and polymers inmuseums. The research isa point of reference for theapplication of scientificmethods to examineobjects and diagnose theirstate of conservation. Itcan help decision-makingconcerning documentation,conservation treatments,exhibition and storage. The

materials studied includecotton, silk and wool andpolymers used incontemporary sculptureand photographic film(cellulose acetate, naturalrubber, pyroxilin).

Town planning Tung, Anthony M.,Preserving the world’s greatcities: the destruction andrenewal of the historicmetropolis. New York:Crown Publishers, 2001,480pp. ISBN 0-517-70148-0

During the 20th century, thegreat metropolises of Asia,Europe, the Middle Eastand the Americas wereradically transformed. Muchof their traditional urbanfabric was destroyed as aresult of uncontrolleddevelopment and thepressure arising from socio-economical problems. Insome cities, populationgrowth and lack of planninghad disastrous effects onthe heritage. In others,efforts by social groups andgovernment cultural policysucceeded in safeguardingthe heritage for futuregenerations. The authorlooks at eighteen cities andthe solutions adopted ineach one.

Wu Liangyong, Rehabilitatingthe old city of Beijing: aproject in the Ju’er Hutongneighbourhood. Vancouver:University of BritishColumbia Press, 1999,239pp. (Urbanization in Asia;3) ISBN 0-7748-0726-1

The political convulsionsand unprecedentedeconomic development ofthe last few years have hada catastrophic effect onBeijing, one of the world’s

most ancient capitals.Redevelopment plans sincethe second half of the 20thcentury have destroyedimportant parts of the oldcity. Problems relating tosewers, waste disposal,water shortage, trafficcongestion and pollution ingeneral have reacheddramatic levels. The authorpresents the case fororganic renewal of theJu’er Hutong based on anin-depth study of the urbanfabric and traditional typesof living quarters.

Wood Centre technique du bois etde l’ameublement, Letraitement des bois dans laconstruction : termite,capricorne, lyctus, vrillette,syrex, mérule…comments’en débarrasser ? Paris :Eyrolles, 2000, 140pp.ISBN 2-212-11844-9

The fight against woodparasites is fundamental tothe durability of a building,and preservationtechniques have had toadapt to newenvironmental regulationsover the last few years.This new edition containseverything one needs toknow about treating wood.The four chapters cover:basic wood anatomy;description of mostcommonly encounteredinsects and fungi;diagnosis and identificationof parasites; treatmentaccording to type;products and materials;and safety on the worksite.

Unger, Achim – Schniewind,Arno P. – Unger, Wibke,Conservation of woodartifacts: a handbook. Berlin:Springer, 2001, 578pp. ISBN3-5404-1580-7

This manual summarisescurrent informationavailable on theconservation of woodenobjects. It covers theconservation history ofwood, its structure andproperties, organisms thatattack it, diagnosticmethods, materials andconservation techniques (inparticular, consolidationand use of adhesives). Theauthors emphasize the factthat any treatment mustfollow the rule “as little aspossible, just what isnecessary”.


New this year

The power of internship…an excellent way toexcellence. CNCR &ICCROM (eds). 2002.Pamphlet, 5pp. Free ofcharge. Distributed byCollections Unit, e-mail:[email protected].

Protective shelters forarchaeological sites in thesouthwest USA: acolloquium held atTumacacori, Arizona, 9-12January 2001. Specialissue of Conservation andmanagement ofarchaeological sites, Vol. 5,N. 1&2, 2001. 128pp.

€33.41

ICCROM publications

Ancient Binding Media,Varnishes and Adhesives,2nd ed. L. Masschelein-Kleiner. Rome: ICCROM,1995. 118pp. €16.72

ARC Laboratory Handbook.A. Urland & E. Borrelli.Rome: ICCROM, 1999. 5pamphlets. €27.86

Between Two Earthquakes.B.M. Feilden. Rome:ICCROM, 1987. 108pp.

€8.92

Bibliography: Theses,Dissertations, ResearchReports in Conservation. G.Krist et al. (comp.) Rome:ICCROM, 1990. XII +284pp. €22.29

Biology in the Conservationof Works of Art. G. Caneva,M.P. Nugari & O. Salvadori.Rome: ICCROM, 1991,192pp. €36.75

C.R.I. Climate Control inMuseums: Participant’s andCourse Assistant’s Manual.G. de Guichen & B. deTapol. Rome: ICCROM,1998. 3 vols. Also availablein French. €44.54

C.R.I. Le contrôle du climatdans les musées. Manuelpour le participant et lechargé de cours. G. deGuichen & B. de Tapol.Rome: ICCROM, 1997. 3vols. Also available inEnglish. €44.54

Characterization of EarthenBuilding Materials:Analysis, procedures for

particle size, liquid andplastic limits of soils. Videocassette; please specifyformat: NTSC, PAL orSECAM. €22.29

Climat dans les musées:mesure/Climate inMuseums: Measurement.G. de Guichen. Rome:ICCROM, 1988 (reprint).80pp. €8.92

Conservation of MetalStatuary and ArchitecturalDecoration in Open AirExposure/Conservation desœuvres d’art et décorationsen métal exposées en pleinair. Symposium. Paris,6–8.X.1986. Rome:ICCROM, 1987. 302pp. InEnglish and French. €16.72

Conservation ofWaterlogged Wood andWet Leather. B.Mühlethaler, L. Barkan & D.Noack. Rome: ICCROM,1973. 71pp. €8.92

Conservation onArchaeologicalExcavations, 2nd ed. N.Stanley-Price, ed. Rome:ICCROM, 1995. XIV +152pp. €17.83

Damp Buildings, Old andNew. G. & I. Massari.Rome: ICCROM, 1994. XII+ 305pp. €33.41

Guide de gestion des sitesdu patrimoine culturelmondial. B.M. Feilden & J.Jokilehto. Rome: ICCROM,1996. VIII + 127pp. Alsoavailable in English. €22.29

GraDoc (GraphicDocumentation Systems inMural PaintingConservation). Researchseminar, Rome 16–20

PUBLICATIONSFOR SALE ATICCROM

The following works are published byICCROM, ICCROM’s partners andother publishers. Unless otherwisenoted, works are in the language(s)of the title. Where more than onelanguage is noted, the work containsmaterial in all languages listed. Onlyworks marked ‘bilingual’ contain thefully translated text. A complete listis available on the ICCROM web siteunder Bookshop.


November 1999. W.Schmid, ed. Rome:ICCROM, 2000. VIII +345pp., 1 CD-ROM €50.11

Jeunes et sauvegarde dupatrimoine/Youth and theSafeguard of Heritage. A.Blondé, ed. Rome:ICCROM, 2000. 203pp.

€22.29

Lavas and Volcanic Tuffs:Proceedings of theInternational Meeting,Easter Island, Chile,October 25–31, 1990.Rome: ICCROM, 1994.368pp. €44.54

Library List of Acquisitions/Liste des acquisitions de labibliothèque. The ICCROMLibrary produces anacquisitions list three timesa year, with titles groupedunder major subjectheadings. These can bepurchased singly (€13.37)or obtained by subscription(€22.29 a year, postageincluded), either in printedform or diskette forCDS/ISIS software orAdobe Acrobat.

Management Guidelines forWorld Cultural HeritageSites, 2nd ed. B.M. Feilden& J. Jokilehto. Rome:ICCROM, 1998. XI +137pp. Also available inFrench. €16.72

Matériaux de constructionporeux: science desmatériaux pour laconservation architectural.G. Torraca. Rome:ICCROM, 1986. 160pp.

€8.92

Methods of EvaluatingProducts for Conservationof Porous Building Materialsin Monuments. Rome,19–21 June 1995. Rome:ICCROM, 1995. XII +474pp. €61.25

Mosaics No. 2: Safeguard.Carthage 1978. Périgueux1980. Rome: ICCROM,1981. 63pp. Also availablein French and Arabic.

€10.03

Mosaïque No. 2:sauvegarde. Carthage 1978.Périgueux 1980. Rome:ICCROM, 1981. 60pp. Alsoavailable in English andArabic. €10.03

The Past in the Future, 2nded. P. Gazzola. Rome:ICCROM, 1975. 138pp.

€8.92

Photogrammétrie appliquéeaux relevés des monumentset des centres historiques/Photogrammetry Appliedto Surveys of Monumentsand Historic Centres. M.Carbonnell. Rome:ICCROM, 1989. 175pp.Bilingual English /French.

€14.49

Presse et sauvegarde dupatrimoine/The press andthe safeguard of heritage.G. Pardo, ed. Rome:ICCROM, 2000. 187pp.

€22.29

Preventive ConservationCalendar for the SmallerMuseum. C. Antomarchi &M. McCord. Rome:ICCROM, 1996. 6 fascicles.

€13.37

Risk Preparedness: aManagement Manual forWorld Cultural Heritage.H. Stovel. Rome: ICCROM,1998. XIII + 145pp. €17.83

The Safeguard of the NileValley Monuments as seenthrough ICCROM’s archive.Rome: ICCROM, 1996.Rome. CD-ROM for PC.

€33.41

The Safeguard of the Rock-Hewn Churches of theGöreme Valley. InternationalSeminar. Rome: ICCROM,1995. XII + 231pp. €36.75

Scientific Investigations ofWorks of Art. M. Ferretti.Rome: ICCROM, 1993.87pp. €13.37

Solubilidad y disolventesen los problemas deconservación. G. Torraca.Rome: ICCROM, 1982.59pp. More recent editionavailable in English. €8.92

Solubilité et solvantsutilisés pour laconservation des biensculturels. G. Torraca.Rome: ICCROM, 1980.78pp. More recent editionavailable in English. €8.92

Solubility and Solvents forConservation Problems, 4thed. G. Torraca. Rome:ICCROM, 1990. 70pp. First(1980) edition available inFrench and Spanish. €8.92.

Structural Conservation ofStone Masonry/Conservation structurellede la maçonnerie en pierre.Athens/Athènes, 31.X-3.XI,1989. Rome: ICCROM,1990. 704pp. In Englishand French. €38.98

University PostgraduateCurricula for ConservationScientists. Proceedings ofthe International Seminar,Bologna, 26–27 November1999. Rome: ICCROM,2000.XIII + 141pp. €27.86

Western Medieval WallPaintings: Studies andConservation Experience.Sighisoara, Romania, 31August–3 September 1995.Rome: ICCROM, 1997. VI +84pp. €31.18

Other works for sale at ICCROM

Against the ravages oftime: the preventiveconservation of the culturalheritage. Leuven: StedelijkeMusea Leuven, 1999.Video cassette, VHS-PAL,11 min. €13.26

Chemical principles oftextile conservation.A. Tímár-Balázsy &D. Eastop. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann,1998.XX + 444pp. €122.49

The Colours of Rome.B. Lange. Copenhagen:Danish Architectural Press,1995. 142pp. €32.00

Conference on Authenticityin Relation to the WorldHeritage Convention.Bergen, Norway, 31January–2 February 1994.Larsen, K.E. & Marstein, N.(ed.) .Trondheim: Tapir,1994. 138pp. €27.86

The Conservation andStructural Restoration ofArchitectural Heritage, vol.I. G. Croci. Southampton:Computational MechanicsPublications, 1998. XV +251pp. €233.05

Conservation at the end ofthe 20th century/Laconservation à la fin duXXe siècle. D. Grattan, ed.ICOM-CC. S.l.: ICOM-CC.2001. 23 + 25pp. BilingualEnglish/French. €14.49

Conservation desmanuscrits de Dunhuang etd’Asie centrale. M. Cohen &A. Brandt, eds. Paris:Bibliothèque Nationale deFrance, 1998. 171pp.

€35.06

A Conservation Manual forthe Field Archaeologist. C.Sease. Los Angeles: UCLAInstitute of Archaeology,1994. V + 114pp. €25.71

The Conservation ofHistoric Buildings. B.M.Feilden. London:Butterworths, 2001. 345pp.

€59.06

Conservation of LeatherArtefacts. T. Sturge.Northampton: LeatherConservation Centre, 2000.40 €25.30

La conservation préventive.Paris, 8, 9 et 10 Octobre1992. Paris: ARAAFU,1992. 323pp. €38.11

Conservation, Protection,Presentation/Conservaçao,protecçao, apresentaçao.5th Conference of theInternational Committee forthe Conservation ofMosaics. Conimbriga,1994. Faro andConimbriga: ICCM, 1993.In several languages. XII +255pp. €33.41

The Conservator-Restorer’sProfessional Activity andStatus and itsResponsibility Towards theCultural Heritage. Florence,21–30 May 1997. Preprints.Leefdaal: ECCO, 1997.237pp. €24.52

La conservazione dellepitture murali. L. & P. Mora& P. Philipot. Bologna:Editrice Compositori, 1999.xiv + 473pp., 144 pl.

€55.77

Degrado dei monumenti inRoma in raportoall’inquinamentoatmosferico. M. LaurenziTabasso & M. Marabelli.Viterbo: Beta Gamma,1992. 176pp. €15.60

Earth Construction: aComprehensive Guide. H.Houben & H. Guillaud.London: IntermediateTechnology Publications,1994. 362pp. €39.29


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Historical and PhilosophicalIssues in the Conservationof Cultural Heritage. N.Stanley-Price, M. K. Talley,Jr. & A. Melucco Vaccaro,eds. Los Angeles: The J.Paul Getty Trust, 1996. XVII+ 500pp. €47.88

A History of ArchitecturalConservation. J. Jokilehto.Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1999. XIV +354pp. €47.89

ICOM Committee forConservation. 12th TriennialMeeting, Lyon, 29August–3 September 1999.Preprints. London: James& James, 1999. 2 vols.

€167.04

IFLA Principles for the Careand Handling of LibraryMaterials. E.P. Adcock, ed.Paris: IFLA-PAC & CPA,1998. 72pp. €15.00

Interdisciplinary approachabout studies andconservation of Mediaevaltextiles. Interim meeting ofICOM-CC Textiles WorkingGroup, Palermo, 22–24October 1998. R. Varoli-Piazza, ed. Roma: Il Mondo3 Edizioni, 1998. 199pp. InEnglish and Italian. €31.18

The invention of the historicmonument. F. Choay.Cambridge : CambridgeUniversity Press. 2001. VII+ 247pp. €74.80

Liants, vernis et adhésifsanciens. 3rd ed. L.Masschelein-Kleiner.Brussels: IRPA, 1992.123pp. €8.92

Mosaics N. 2. Safeguard.Tunis: INAA, 1987. InArabic. 88pp. €11.14

Mount-making for MuseumObjects. R. Barclay, A.Bergeron & C. Dignard.Ottawa: CCI-ICC, Centrede conservation duQuébec, 1998. VI + 57pp.Also available in French.

€39.13

The Museum Environment,2nd ed. G. Thomson.London: Butterworths,1994. 293pp. €48.78

Nara Conference onAuthenticity:Proceedings/Conférence deNara sur l’authenticité. Nara,16.X.1994. Compte-rendu.1995. Larsen, K.E. (ed.).Trondheim: Tapir. 1995. XI +427pp. In English andFrench. €38.98

Notions d’entretien descollections, 2nd ed. T.Gillies & N. Putt. Winnipeg:Service de Conservation duPatrimoine du Manitoba,1994. VIII + 152pp. Alsoavailable in English. €26.03

Parchment: the physicaland chemical characteristicsof parchment and thematerials used in itsconservation. B. M. Haines.Northampton: LeatherConservation Centre, 1999.33pp. €20.06

Pest management inmuseums, archives andhistoric houses. D.Pinniger. London:Archetype Publications,2001. IX + 115pp. €34.07

Pratiche conservative sulloscavo archeologico:principi e metodi. C.Pedelì, S. Pulga. Firenze:All’Insegna del Giglio.2002. XI + 152pp. €30.00

Préserver les objets de sonpatrimoine: précis deconservation preventive.Section française de l’IIC(SFIIC). Sprimont: Mardaga.2001. 264pp. €34.91

Public et sauvegarde dupatrimoine : cahier desensibilisation à l’intentiondes guides. C. Perier-D’Ieteren, ed. Brussels:Université Libre deBruxelles, 1999. 158pp.

€22.29

Restauration, dé-restauration. re-restauration… Paris, 5, 6 et7 octobre 1995. Paris:ARAAFU, 1995. 336pp.

€54.22

Il restauro della pietra. L.Lazzarini & M. LaurenziTabasso. Padova: CEDAM,1986. 320pp. €23.75

Science for Conservators.Book 1: An Introduction toMaterials. Book 2:Cleaning. Book 3:Adhesives & coatings.Reprinted. London:Routledge, 2002. Each

€29.91

Les solvants. L.Masschelein-Kleiner.Brussels: IRPA, 1994.131pp. €8.92

Survey of the legal andprofessional responsibilitiesof the Conservator-

Restorers as regard theother parties involved in thepreservation andconservation of culturalheritage / Étude desresponsabilités légales etprofessionnelles desconservateurs-restaurateurs … ECCO.Roma: Rocografia,2001.324pp. BilingualEnglish/French

€30.00

Tecnica costruttiva romana.Roman BuildingTechniques, 2nd ed. R.Marta. Roma: EdizioniKapa. 1991. 98pp. BilingualItalian/English. €11.36

Terra 2000 : internationalconference (8th) on thestudy and conservation ofearthen architecture:Proceedings, Torquay,Devon, UK, May 2000.London: James & James,2000. 452pp. In severallanguages. €104.68

Terra 93:internationalconference (7th) on thestudy and conservation ofearthen architecture. 24–29October 1993, Silves,Portugal. Lisbon: DGEMN,1993. 659pp. In English,French and Portuguese.

€49.88

By arrangement withIstituto Veneto per I BeniCulturali: InternationalCongress (9th) onDeterioration andConservation of Stone.Venice, June 19–24, 2000.V. Fassina, ed. 2 vols.Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2000.

€211.58

Documents

ICCROM Newsletter 28...Study of Byzantine Hagiography, Greece Direction des Musées, Sites et Monuments du Togo Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Bénin Direction du Patrimoine Culturel