I) Early HistoryA) Phoenicians are the first early sea

travelers

I) Early HistoryB) Aristotle:

1) Considered the 1st marine biologist

2) Described many forms of sea life

384-322 BC

I) Early HistoryB) Middle Ages

1) Most knowledge from ancients lost2) Vikings: Leif Eriksson discovers Vinland3) Arabs: voyaged to E. Africa, SE Asia, & India

a) Figured out wind pattern currents (including monsoons)

995 AD

I) Early History1451 – 1506 ADC) Renaissance

1) Columbus:a) Rediscovers

America in 1492

I) Early History

1480 – 1521 AD

C) Renaissance2) Magellen:

a) First person to sail around the world

I) Early History1728 - 1779ADC) Renaissance

3) James Cook:a) Explored all the

oceans and began making scientific observations

I) Early HistoryD) Edward Forbes

1) Dredged ocean floor & discovered new sea creatures; father of modern oceanography

1815 – 1854 AD

I) Early HistoryE) Charles Darwin

1) Studied plankton & described

the formation of coral

reef atolls

1809 – 1882 AD

II) Challenger ExpeditionA) Three and one half

years at sea voyage; first voyage specifically designed to study the oceans

B) Published over 50 volumes; took 19 years to publish

III) Other Historical EventsA) 1887-1925 - Albatross

Expeditions (USA)1) Scientific expeditions to

Indian & Pacific Oceans.

III) Other Historical EventsB) 1888 - Marine Biological

Laboratory (MBL) at Woods Hole established (Massachusetts)

III) Other Historical EventsC) 1924 - The Scripp's

Institution of Oceanography established (La Jolla, CA)

IV) Modern HistoryA) World War II:

development of sonar for sub hunting1) Based on the

detection of underwater echoes

2) Allowed accurate mapping of oceanic floors

IV) Modern HistoryB) SCUBA: self

contained underwater breathing apparatus1) Developed right after

WWII by Emile Gagnan & Jacques Cousteau

2) First time one could study directly in the marine environment

V) Marine Biology TodayA) Modern

Scientific Ships

B) Submarines

C) Satellites

D) Remote Sensing

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