H$Zm©Q>H$ gaH$ma n[aga AÜ``Z textbooks/class5/5th-hindi-evs.pdf · The protection of our environment is our topmost priority now. The environment that we are discussing here is

5

H$Zm©Q>H$ gaH$ma

n[aga AÜ``ZEnvironmEntal studiEs

Aä`mgg{hV nmR²>`nwñVH$tExt cum work book

{hÝXr _mÜ`_Hindi mEdium

nm±Mdr H$jmfiftH standard

karnataka text book society (r.)100 Feet Ring Road, Banashankari 3rd Stage,

Bengaluru - 560 085.

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Foreword

The protection of our environment is our topmost priority now. The environment that we are discussing here is our natural environment. The role of natural environment in human life is similar to the social environment which plays an important and prominent role in human growth. There is a need to nurture and protect natural environment as our duty. Apart from protecting the existing trees, we need to plant new ones. We also need to develop tanks and take measures to protect all the sources of water. Judicious usage of river water is also the need of the hour. Deforestation should be stopped. A pro people developmental activity and a programme aimed at the protection of environment should not be at loggerheads. We need to have a developmental vision that can ensure our secure physical existence. We need natural environment. Opposing natural environment protection in the name of development or opposing the developmental initiatives in the name of protecting natural environment is not good.

The issue here is about the choice of our developmental model. There is a big difference between the developmental model that seeks to provide basic needs to human beings and a model that seeks to attain development by destroying the Earth and turn it into a barren planet. Hence, we need to have a balanced vision of development.

So, the need of the hour is to foster balanced and sustainable nature oriented thinking in our children. Let them think of development once they are grown-ups. First, let them understand nature and realize the importance of protection of nature. Let them imbibe the importance of nature in their minds through this process. With this good intention, Environmental Studies is introduced from class I itself.

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At present, Environmental Studies text cum work book is in usage from class I to class IV. The Government of Karnataka has extended the Environmental Studies to Class V as well in its order dated May 27, 2014. A text book committee was also formed with the mandate of preparing a suitable text book for Class V. Now, a complete Environmental Studies text is included in the Class V. The Social science chapters that were present earlier in the Class V are shifted to Class VI text. Now, the new text book for Environmental Studies for Class V is ready. It is a text cum work book. It is implemented from the academic year 2017-18.

We are indebted to Dr. Eknath Ekbote, the Chairperson of the Environmental Studies textbook committee and also to the members of the committee. The contributions of the editorial committee and the high power review committee are also acknowledged with pleasure. We also thank Smt. N.R. Shyalaja Kumari, SADPI, KTBS, for her efficient work as the subject coordinator.

While remembering all those who have supported this text book preparation work, we sincerely believe that students get benefitted from this text book.

H.N. Gopalakrishna Managing Director Karnataka Textbook Society (R) Bengaluru.

Prof. Baraguru Ramachandrappa Chairman-in-Chief

Textbook Revision Committees Karnataka Textbook Society (R)

Bengaluru.

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Chairperson's Speak

The 5th Standard Environmental Studies text book has been prepared based on the guidelines of the NCF-2005. In this text book Science and Social science topics are integrated and it is a continuation of 1 to 4th standard Environmental Studies. It paves way for learning the concepts of 6th standard science and social science. Considering the age and mental ability of the child, care has been taken to use simple language in this text book.

Based on the theory of constructivism, importance has been given to the construction of knowledge of the child. Ample opportunities are given to develop love and concern towards environment through observation/discussion/activity/experiments with daily experiences. Local examples, situational illustrations, maps, charts are given to help the child's learning. Teachers have to guide the children to use them properly. We hope that the box items like know this, Think promote the child's self-learning and participatory learning which leads to meaningful and permanent learning.

Experienced teachers, subject experts, artist and scrutinizer have made a sincere effort to prepare this text book. I am very grateful to them. I express my grateful thanks to the members of editorial board, members of high power committee and officers of Karnataka text book society who have given their valuable suggestions/guidance for the preparation of this text book.

Suggestions and comments from teachers, parents and those who are interested in education are always welcome to improve the quality of this text book.

Dr. Eknath Ekbote, Chairperson

Textbook Committee

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Text Book CommitteeChairman-in-Chief :Prof. Baraguru Ramachandrappa, State Textbook Revision Committees, Karnataka Textbook Society, Bengaluru. Chairperson : Dr. Eknath Ekbote, Professor of education(Retd.), Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi. Members:Dr.M.J. Ravindranath, Senior Scientist (Retd.), Bengaluru.Smt.S. Gunavathi, Junior programme officer, R.M.S.A. State office, Bengaluru.Sri Raghavendra Sunagar, Asst. teacher, GHS, Marakamadinni, Manvi Tq, Raichur Dist.Smt. R.N. Vasantha Sujay, Asst. teacher, GHS, Hebbala, Bengaluru.Smt. K.V. Geetha, Asst. teacher, GHPS, Ayodhynagar, Puttur Tq, Dakshina Kannada Dist.Artist :Sri V.B. Shinge, Drawing teacher, Karnataka High school, Dharwad.Scrutinizer :Dr. S. Niranjandas, Principal (Retd.), Vijaya Teachers' College, Bengaluru.Editorial Board Members :Dr. R. Shailaja, Director, Regional Environmental studies, South zone, Bengaluru.Dr. M.R. Nagaraju, Educationist, Rajarajeshwarinagar, Bengaluru.Dr. H.S. Ganesha Bhatta, Principal, M.E.S. Teachers' College, Rajajinagar, Bengaluru. Dr. Ashwathanarayana, Professor, History Dept., Bangalore University, Bengaluru.Dr. M.J. Sundar Ram, Professor (Retd.), Girinagar, Bengaluru.Dr. M. Shashidhar, Professor, History Dept., Bangalore University, Bengaluru.High Power Committee Members :Dr. H.D. Gurubasappa, Principal, Sree Siddharatha College of Education, Tumakuru.Prof. P. Mallappa, Professor (Retd.), J.S.S. Nagar, Mysuru.Sri Y. C. Ravikumar, Senior lecturer, District Institute of Education and Training, Chikkaballapura.Translators :Sri Vilas G. Pudale, H.M.(Retd.), Shri Shantinath Hindi High School, Ghantikeri, Hubballi.Sri Nandalal R. Rathi, H.M. (Retd.) Guledgudda, Bagalakote.Sri P.S. Suregaonkar, A.M.(Retd.), Shri Shantinath Hindi High School, Ghantikeri, Hubballi.Smt. Uma Rao, Asst. teacher (Retd.), Govt. Ex. Mpl High School, Ballari.

Chief Advisors :Sri H.N. Gopalakrishna, Managing Director, Karnataka Textbook Society, Bengaluru. Sri K.G. Rangaiah, Deputy Director, Karnataka Textbook Society, Bengaluru.

Programme Co-ordinator :Smt. N.R. Shylaja Kumari, Senior Assistant Director, KTBS, Bengaluru.

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H«$.g§. nmR> n¥ð> g§»`m

1. Ord OJV 1 - 18

2. n[adma 19 - 30

3. g‘wXm¶ 31 - 51

4. gm‘wXm{¶H$ Iob 52 - 59

5. Z¡g{J©H$ g§gmYZ 60 - 75

6. dm¶w 76 - 82

7. nmZr 83 - 93

8. H¥${f 94 - 110

9. Amhma - OrdZ H$s agYma 111 - 123

10. Aml¶ 124 - 129

11. Ðì¶ H$m ñd^md 130 - 155

12. ‘ybVËd, ¶m¡{JH$ VWm {‘lU 156 - 159

13. {dñ‘¶H$mar D$Om© 160 - 180

14. AmH$me 181 - 196

15. h‘mam ^maV - àmH¥${VH$ {d{dYVm 197 - 226

16. h‘mam ^maV - amOH$s¶ Am¡a g§pñH¥${VH$ 227 - 250

{df` gyMr

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nmR> - 1

Ord OJVn[aga g§ajU h‘ g^r H$m H$V©ì¶ h¡, AmnZo Eogr KmofUm gwZr hmoJr& n[aga

O¡gm eãX h‘| {Man[a{MV h¡& n[aga ¶mZo h‘mao Mmam| Va’$ {XImB© XoZodmbo A§e hmoVo h¢& n[aga H$mo XoIH$a hr AmZ§X CR>mZm Mm{hE & nhmS>, O§Jb, ZXr Prb, PaZm ‘Yw‘³Ir, {H«${‘, H$sQ>, Mrb, gm±n, {‘Q²>Q>r, àH$me, njr O¡go {OVZm XoIVo h¢, CVZm {dñ‘¶H$mar, AmíM¶©nyU© A§e h‘| {XImB© nS>Vo h¢& ¶hr h‘mam n[aga h¡& h‘mam n[aga {d{dYVm H$m ñWmZ h¡& BgH$s {d{dYVm H$mo g‘PZo H$m Hw$Vyhb Vwåh| h¡, h¡ Zm? Vmo Bg KQ>H$ H$m AW© g‘P br{OE&

Bg nmR> H$mo grIZo Ho$ ~mX Vw‘, � Ordr Am¡a {ZOud dñVwAm| H$mo nhMmZmoJo & � Ordr¶m| Ho$ à‘wI bjU g‘PoJo & � gñ¶m| Ûmam Amhma V¡¶ma H$aZo H$m H«$‘, OrdZMH«$ Am¡a {d{dY àH$ma Ho$ gñ¶m| H$m n[aM¶ nmAmoJo &

� Amhma godZ Ho$ AmYma na àm{U¶m| H$m dJuH$aU H$amoJo & � gñ¶ Ed‘² àmUr¶m| Ho$ g§ajU H$m ‘hËd g‘PmoJo &

Bg H$Wm H$mo nT>mo - Ambgr gmo‘ÊUmgmo‘ÊUm EH$ Ambgr ì¶{º$ Wm& CgH$m AnZm WmoS>m IoV hmoZo na r EH$ {XZ r IoVr H$m H$m‘ Zht H$aVm Wm& Xÿgao bmoJm| Zo Omo Hw$N> ^r {X¶m, nm H$a dh Or ahm Wm& Cgo ‘y±J’$br ~hþV ng§X Wr& Cg‘| r yZo hþE ‘y±J’$br Ho$ ~rO n§MàmU Ho$ ~am~a bJVo Wo& EH$ ~ma ^yZrhþB© ‘y±J’$br ImVo hþE CgH$mo EH$ {dMma gyP J¶m& AnZo IoV ‘| ‘y±J’$br Ho$ ~rO ~moZo na n¶m©á ‘y±J’$br {‘boJr& {H$gr H$s nyN>VmN> H$aZo H$s Oê$aV Zht, ‘Z hr, ‘Z gmoM {b¶m& gmW hr gmW gmoMm {H$ ‘y±J’$br Ho$ ~rOm| H$s Anojm ^yZohþE ~rOm| H$mo ~moZo go ^yZohþE ~rO hr {‘b|Jo Z? Xþ~mam ^yZZo H$m H$m‘ hr Zht ahoJm, Eogm {dMma Câ J¶m& {H$gàH$ma Ho$ ~rO ~moZo Mm{hE, BgH$m n[akmZ a{hV gmo‘ÊU AJbo {XZ hr ^yZo ~rOm| H$mo ~moZo H$m H$m¶© Ama§^ {H$¶m& gmo‘ÊU H$mo IoV ‘| H$m‘ H$aVo XoI AS>mog-nS>mog Ho$ {H$gmZ Iwe hmo J¶o& Am{Ia gmo‘ÊU Zo Ambñ¶ N>moS> {X¶m, gmoM H$a do Iwe hmo CR>o& {XZ ~rV J¶o& g~ Ho$ IoVm| ‘| hamnZ N>m¶m, gñ¶ CJAm¶o& bo{H$Z gmo‘ÊUm Ho$ IoV ‘| EH$ ^r gñ¶ Zht CJm&

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gmo{M¶o : ³Wm nT>r Zm? gmo‘ÊUm Ho$ IoV ‘| gñ¶ ³¶mo§ Zht CJo?

Zht, ^wZZo ‘y±J’$br ‘| gñ¶ hmoZoH$o$ Oê$ar bjU hmoVo h¢& Bgo O¡{dH$ bjU

H$hm OmVm h¡& ^wZZo na gñ¶ hmoZo Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ O¡{dH$ A§e ZîQ> hmoVo h¢&

Bgo AO¡{dH$ pñW{V H$hVo h¢& n[aga ‘| O¡{dH bjU`w³V A§em| H$mo Ordr H$hVo

h¢ Am¡a O¡{dH$ bjU a{hV A§em| H$mo {ZOudr H$hVo h¢&

{ZåZ Vm{bH$m ‘| n[aga gå~§Yr Hw$N> A§em| H$mo Am¡a CZHo$ gm‘Zo Hw$N> bjU

h¢& Ü¶mZ go nT>mo& àË¶oH$ A§e ‘| CgHo$ gm‘Zo gy{MV bjU {XIVo h¢, Vmo (3)

{MÝh S>mbmo& ¶o bjU Zht {XIZo na/Zht hmoZo na (x) {MÝh S>mbm&

n[agaHo$ A§e

bjU

d¥{Õ ImZm J{V ídmg {dgO©Z g§doXZmË_H$ à{V{H«$`m àOZZ

Myhm

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BªQ>

KS>r

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‘|T>H$

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Vw‘ go (3) {MÝhdmbo A§e n[aga ‘| Ordr, (x) {MÝhdmbo A§e {ZOr©d dñVwE± H$hbmVr h¢&

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n[aga ‘| {XIZodmbo H$B© A§e {ZåZ {b{IV h¢& CÝh| Ordr AWdm {Z{O©d dñVwAm| ‘| nhMmZmo& R>rH$ M¶Z Ho$ gm‘Zo (3) {MÝh bJmAmo&

n[aga Ho$ A§e Ordr {ZOud dñVwE±

njr

Jwã~mam

nmZr

Am‘ H$m noS>

dmhZ

H$b‘

H$m¶©H$bmn : Vw‘ go XoIo J¶o Xÿgao Ordr Am¡a {ZOu{d¶m| H$s Vm{bH$m V¡¶ma H$amo&

_______ _______ _______ _______ _______

_______ _______ _______ _______ _______

gñ¶ Am¡a àmUr, Ordr hmoVo h¢& n[aga ‘| {XIZodmbo BZH$mo Ordr Ho$ ê$n ‘| {ZYm©[aV H$aZo ‘| H$B© bjU hmoVo h¢& Or{d¶m| Ho$ bjUm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| ¶hm± OmZH$mar h¡, g‘P bmo& 1. Ordr, OrdH$mo{eH$mAm| go ~Zo h¢&

{MÌm| na Ü¶mZ Xmo& ¶o gñ¶ Am¡a àm{U¶m| Ho$ OrdH$mo{eH$mE± h¢& Ka ~m±YZo H$m H$m‘ Vw‘Zo XoIm h¢& BªQ>, {g‘|Q>, nmZr, bmohm, bH$S>r Eogo H$B© dñVwAm| H$mo R>rH$ VarHo$ go g§¶mo{OV H$aZo na Ka O¡go ~ZH$a V¡¶ma hmoVo h¢, R>rH$ Cgr Vah OrdH$mo{eH$mAm| go Or{d¶m| H$s Xoh H$s aMZm hþB© h¡& OrdH$mo{eH$mAm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| A{YH$ OmZH$mar AJbr H$jm ‘| nmAmoJo&

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2. Ordr ídmg boVo h¢&

Ordr ídmg boVo h¢, Bgo Vw‘Zo {nN>br H$jm ‘| hr g‘P {b¶m h¡& Ordr ídmg boVo hþE dm¶w Am³grOZ boVo h¡, Am¡a H$m~©Z S>¡¶mo³gmBS> H$mo ~mha N>moS> XoVo h¢&

Bg {MÌ na Ü¶mZ Xmo&¶h H$m¡Z gm {MÌ h¡, nhMmZ H$a ¶hm± {bImo

àm{U¶m| H$mo ídmgmoÀN²>>dmg H$aZo Ho$ {bE {deof A§J hmoVo h¢& gñ¶ ^r ídmgmoÀN²>dmg Ho$ {bE Am³grOZ na Adbpå~V h¢& bo{H$Z à{U¶mo|

H$s Vah BdmgmoÀN²>dmg Ho$ {bE {deof A§J Zhr§ hmoVo h¢& gm‘mÝ¶V¶m n{Îm¶m| H$s {ZMbr gVhna nÌa§Y«m| (ñQ>moå¶mQ>m) Ûmam ídmgmoÀN²>dmg H$aVo h¢&

nX ghm`: ñQ>mo_oQ>m (nÌa§Y«) ídmgmoÀN²>dmg Ho$ {bE {deof a§Y« Omo n{Îm`m| H$s {ZMbr gVh na ajH$ H$mo{eH$mAm| Ûmam {Z`§{ÌV h¢&

Am³grOZ A{Zb H$s ghm¶Vm go Amhma ‘| pñWV D$Om© Or{d¶m| H$s Xoh H$mo CnbãY hmoVr h¢&

gmo{M¶o : Amhma go {‘bZodmbr D$Om© go Or{d¶m| Ho$ {bE ³¶m Cn¶moJ h¢?

3. Ordr Amhma H$mo ñdrH$ma H$aVo h¢&

bH$S>r H$mQ>Zm, ^madmZ W¡br T>moZm, {eH$ma H$aZm, Bg àH$ma Ordr ha amoO H$B© J{V{d{Y¶m± H$aVo h¢&

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{ZåZ H$B© Or{d¶m| Ho$ Zm‘ {bIo J¶o h¢& ¶o Ordr h‘mao Amdí¶H$ H$m‘ ‘| ghm¶Vm H$aVo h¢& CZHo$ Ûmam hmoZodmbo à‘wI H$m‘ {bImo&

Ordr H$m‘

hmWrÉ

~¡b

Hw$Îmm

BZ g^r H$m¶© H$aZo Ho$ {bE Or{d¶m| H$mo D$Om© Mm{hE& Ordr AnZo {bE Amdí¶H$ D$Om© H$mo Amhma Ho$ Ûmam àmßV H$aVo h¢&

gñ¶m| H$m Amhmagñ¶ H$m àË¶oH$ ^mJ EH$ Z EH$ J{V{d{Y H$aVm ahVm h¡& Cgo ^r Amhma

Mm{hE Z? gñ¶ H$mo Amhma H¡$go {‘bVm h¡? gmoMmo& hm±, hao gñ¶ AnZo {bE Amdí¶H$ Amhma H$mo Amn hr V¡¶maH$a boVo h¢& Bg{bE gñ¶m| H$mo ñdnmofr H$hVo h¢&

dm`w_§S>bH$m~©Z S>¡`moŠg¡S>

nU©h[a_

Ob, I{ZO bdU

nX ghm` : ñdnmofU : Ordr AnZm Amhma Amn hr V¡`ma H$a boVo h¢&

gñ¶ go Amhma V¡¶ma H$aZm

{MÌ H$mo XoImo& gñ¶ go Amhma V¡¶ma H$aZo ‘| Amdí¶H$ Mma à‘wI A§e hmoVo h¢& H$m¡Zgm? {H$g go? Bg H$m¶©H$bmn H$mo {ZåZ {bIm J¶m h¡& CgHo$ H$WZm| H$mo R>rH$ go OmoS> H$a {b{IE&

H$m¡Z gm {H$g go R>rH$ H$aHo$ ¶hm± {bImogm¡a D$Om© har nÎmrnmZr, I{ZO bdU dm¶w_§S>bH$m~©Z S>¡¶mo³gmBS> gy¶©nU©h[a‘ {‘Q²>Q>r

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gñ¶ gy¶© Ho$ àH$me H$s D$Om© dm¶w go H$m~©Z S>¡¶mo³gmBS>, {‘Q²>Q>r go nmZr, I{ZO bdUm±Am| H$mo OS>m| go Ademo{fV H$aHo$ nÎmr ‘| pñWV nU©h[a‘ H$s ghm¶Vm go Amhma V¡¶ma H$a boVo h¡& Bgo àH$me g§íbofU H$hVo h¢&

gñ¶ go Amhma V¡¶ma H$aZo ‘| ½byH$moO V¡¶ma hmoVm h¡, Am¡a Am³grOZ ‘wº$ hmoVm h¡& Or{d¶m| H$mo BZ XmoZm| Ho$ Cn¶moJ ¶hm± {bImo& 1) ½byH$moO_______________________________________________2) Am³grOZ______________________________________________

g‘yh ‘| MMm© H$s{OE : gy¶© Zht hmoVm Vmo ³¶m hmoVm Wm?

{ZåZ {MÌm| na Ü¶mZ Xmo& ò AnZo {bE Amhma H¡$go nmVo h¢?

S´>mo{gam, Zon|{Wg, ¶w[Q´³¶wbo[a¶m gñ¶ AnZo Amhma Amn hr V¡`ma H$aZo na ^r Z¡Q´>moOZ nmZo Ho$ {bE H$sQ>m| na Adbpå~V h¡§& BÝh| H$sQ>mhmar gñ¶ H$hVo h¢& CZHo$ ~mao ‘| AJbr H$jm ‘| g‘PmoJo&àm{U¶m| H$m Amhma

àmUr AnZm Amhma Amn hr V¡¶ma H$a Zht boVo h¢& do Amhma Ho$ {bE gñ¶ Am¡a BVa àm{U¶m| na Adbpå~V hmoVo h¢& Bg{bE àm{U¶m| H$mo nanmofr H$hVo h¢&

g^r àmUr EH$ nÕ[V H$m Amhma ñdrH$ma Zhr§ H$aVo h¢& CZHo$ Ûmam Im¶oOmZodmbo Amhma H«$‘ na àm{U¶m| H$mo {ZåZàH$ma dJuH¥$V {H$¶m J¶m h¢&gñ¶mhmar - gñ¶ Ed§ Cggo CËnÞ nXmWm] H$mo ‘mÌ Amhma Ho$ ê$n ‘| ñdrH$ma H$aZodmbo àmUr hmoVo h¢&‘m§gmhmar - AnZo Amhma ‘| Xÿgao à{U¶m| H$mo ImH$a Or{dV ahZodmbo àmUrhmoVo h¢&¡

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{‘lmhmar - gñ¶ Am¡a àmUr XmoZm| H$mo ImZodmbo àmUr hmoVo h¢&Bg {MÌ H$r ghm¶Vm go gñ¶mhmar, ‘m§gmhmar Am¡a {‘lmhmar àm{U¶m| H$mo

{ZåZ Vm{bH$m ‘| {bIH$a gyMr V¡¶ma H$amo&

gñ¶mhmar ‘m§gmhmar {‘lmhmar

4. Ordr d¥[Õ H$aVo h¢&{ZåZ {MÌm| na Ü¶mZ Xmo&

¶o {MÌ CZ Or{d¶m| H$s d¥{Õ H$mo {XImVo h¢& àË¶oH$ {MÌ ‘| Or{d¶m| H$s bå~mB©-Mm¡S>mB© Am¡a JmÌ ‘| ~T>V hþB© h¡& Bgo d¥{Õ H$hVo h¢&

D$Om© go gå~§{YV Hw$N> H$WZ {ZåZ Cëbo{IV h¢& ¶o H$WZ R>rH$ h¢ Vmo () JbV h¢ Vmo (�) S>mbmo& JbV H$W¶m| H$mo R>rH$ H$aHo$ {bImo&

* g^r Ordr OZZ H$mb ‘| N>moQ>o hmo H$a, ~mX ‘| {Z{X©îQ> D±$MmB© Am¡a JmÌ nmVo h¢& ( )

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__________________________________________________

* Or{d¶m| H$s d¥{Õ VoOr go ¶mZso EH$-Xmo {XZm| ‘§o hmoVr h¡& ( )

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

* gñ¶ H$s d¥{Õ CZHo$ VZo Ho$ {gao AWdm VZo Ho$ JmÌ ‘| {XImB© XoVr h¡ ( )

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

5. Ordr J{V H$aVo h¢&

BZ {MÌm| na Ü¶mZ Xmo& ¶o Or{d¶m| H$m H$m¡Z gm bjU gy{MV H$aVo h¢?

¶o J{V go gå~m§{YV h¢& J{V, Or{d¶m| H$m Cg‘| r àm{U¶m| H$m {deof bjU h¢&

àm{U¶m| H$s J{VàmUr EH$ Am¡a go Xÿgar Am¡a MbVo h¢& Cgr{bE àm{U¶m| H$mo {deof A§J hmoVo

h¢& {ZåZ H$B© àm{U¶mo| Ho$ Zm‘ h¢& CZHo$ MbZm§J ¶hm± {bImo&

‘Zwî¶ ___________ Mrb ____________

H§$Jmé ___________ M‘JrXS> ____________

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àmUr ³¶m| J{V H$aVo h¢, Bgo g‘yh ‘| MMm© H$aHo$ {ZåZ XÎm ñWmZ ‘| {bIm|

gmo{OE : H$ma, ~g añVo ‘o J{V H$aVo h¢& KS>r ‘| H$m±Q>o d¥ÎmmH$ma J{V H$aVo h¢& ZXr, Vmbm~-Prb H$m nmZr ~hVm h¡& ³¶m BZ‘| r Ord h¡? {ZOud dñVwAm| H$s J{V Am¡a Or{d¶m| H$s J{V ‘| ³¶m A§Va h¢?

àm{U¶m| ‘| MbZm§J O¡go hmoVo h¢, d¡go gñ¶m| ‘| Zht hmoVo h¢& gñ¶m| H$s OS>m| H$mo {‘Q²>Q>r OH$S>o aIZo go CÝh| EH$ Amoa go Xÿgar Amoa MbZo H$mo Zht hmoVm h¡& VWm{n gñ¶m| ‘| {ZåZ MmbZm| na Ü¶mZ Xo gH$Vo h¢&

* OS>| ^y{‘ ‘| Ob H$s CnpñW{V H$s Amoa ~T>Vr h¢&* gy¶©H$m§{V gñ¶ gy¶© H$s Va’$ AnZm ‘wI ‘moS>Vm h¢&

Eogo H$s{OE : {XZ Ho$ g‘¶ A§Yoao H$‘ao ‘| EH$ J‘bo H$m gñ¶ aImo& EH$ {IS>H$s go àH$me H$mo A§Xa AmZo Xmo& EH$ AWdm Xmo K§Q>m| Ho$ ~mX gñ¶ H$s n{Îm¶m± {H$g Amoa PwH$s h¢, Bg na Ü¶mZ Xmo& {‘Ìm| Ho$ gmW-MMm© H$amo&

gmo[ME : gñ¶m| H$mo Vwåhmao ~am~a n¡a hmoVo Vmo ³¶m hmoVm Wm?

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6. Ordr {dgO©Z H$aVo h¢ &

Or{d¶m| H$s Xoh ‘| AZoH$ J{V{d{Y¶m± MbVr h¢& Bggo Xoh ‘| Adm±{N>V dñVwE± CËnÝZ hmoVr h¢& BÝh| Xoh go ^r ~mha S>mbZm hr Mm{hE& Zht Vmo Xoh H$mo H$îQ> hmoVm h¢&

H$m~©Z S>¡¶mo³gmBS>, ngrZm, ‘b, ‘yÌ Ho$ ê$n ‘| àmUr AZMmhr dñVwAm| H$mo ~mha S>mbVo h¢& BgHo$ dmñVo {deof A§J hmoVo h¡&

Amhma V¡¶ma H$aZo Am¡a AÝ¶ H$m¶m] Ho$ níMmV² ~mha {ZH$bZodmbo H$m~©Z S>¡¶mo³gmBS>, gyIo nÎmo, VZm, gS>o ^mJ gñ¶m| go Ny>Q> OmVo h¢& gñ¶ A{V[a³V nmZr H$mo n{Îm¶m| Ho$ Ûmam ~mha S>mbVo h¢&

Eogo H$s{OEo : J‘bo ‘| pñWV gñ¶ H$mo ßbmpñQ>H$ H$da go T>H$ H$a VZo Ho$ nmg ‘O~yVr go ~m±Ymo& EH$-Xmo K§Q>m| VH$ J‘bo H$mo Yyn ‘| aImo& A~V~ ßbmpñaH$ H$da H$mo Ü¶mZ go drjU H$amo& drjU Ho$ AZw^d H$mo H$jm ‘| ~m±Q> bmo &

7. Ordr g§VmZmoËnmXZ H$aVo h¢&

{MÌ ‘| àË¶oH$ Ordr Am¡a CgHo$ ~ÀMo na Ü¶mZ Xmo& àË¶oH$ Ordr Ho$ ~ÀMo OÝ‘ XoZodmbo Ordr Ho$ ~am~a {XIVo h¢& Ordr Ho$ Ûmam AnZo O¡go ~ÀMm| H$mo OÝ‘XoZo H$s KQ>Zm H$mo g§VmZmoËn{Îm H$hVo h¢&

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g§VmZmoËn{Îm go gå~§{YV {ZåZ H$B© H$WZ {X¶o J¶o h¢& H$WZ ghr hmo Vmo (3), JbV hm| Vmo (x) {MÝh S>mbmo& JbV H$WZm| H$mo CgHo$ gm‘Zo {X¶o ñWmZ na R>rH$ H$aHo$ {bImo&

H$WZ ghr/JbVR>rH$ {H$¶mhþAm

H$WZ

g§VmZmo{Îm go Ordr AnZr g§V{V H$mo AmJo ~T>mVo h¢&

g§VmZmoËn{Îm go n[aga ‘| BVa Or{d¶m| Ho$ {bE Amhma {‘bVm h¢&

g§VmZmoËn{Îm àm{U¶m| ‘| ‘mÌ {XImB© XoVr h¢&

EH$ hr Ordr H$s A{V g§VmZmoËn{Îm go n[aga ‘| H$moB© IVam hmoVm Zhr h¢&

Hw$N> àmUr A§S>o aIZo Ho$ Ûmam, Am¡a ^r Hw$N> grYm AnZo ~ÀMm| H$mo OÝ‘ XoZo Ho$ Ûmam g§VmZmoËn{Îm H$aVo h¢&

H$m¶©H$bmn : A§S>o aIZo Ho$ Ûmam Am¡a grYo AnZo ~ƒm| H$mo OÝ‘ XoZo Ho$ Or{d`m| H$s gyMr V¡¶ma H$amo& ______________________ ______________________

______________________ ______________________

______________________ ______________________

______________________ ______________________

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y gñ¶, ~rO E§d VZm| Ho$ Ûmam g§VmZmoËn{Îm H$aVo h¢&

H$m¶©H$bmn : ~rO Am¡a VmZm| Ho$ Ûmam g§VmZmoËn{Îm H$aZo Ho$ gñ¶m| H$s gyMr V¡¶ma H$amo&

______________________ ______________________

______________________ ______________________

______________________ ______________________

______________________ ______________________

gñ¶ H$m OrdZ MH«$ :

~rO gñ¶ H$s g§VmZmoËn{Îm H$m à‘wI ^mJ h¡& ~rOgo ~rO H$s CËn{Îm n[aga Ho$ AmíM¶©OZH$ {df¶m| ‘| go EH$ h¡& ~rOm| Ho$ Abmdm H$B© gñ¶ AnZo VZo Ho$ Jm±R>> go Z¶o gñ¶m| H$mo nZnZmVo h¢& BZHo$ ~mao ‘| AJbr H$jm ‘| A{YH$ OmZH$mar nmAmoJo&

~rO go ~rO CËnÝZ H$aZo Ho$ gñ¶ H$m OrdZ MH«$ ¶hm± h¡, Ü¶mZ Xmo&

~rO VZo H$m Jm±R>

gñ¶

’y$b

H$ƒm\$b

’$b

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gmo{ME : gm‘mÝ¶V`m ’$b ‘| pñWV ~rO go gñ¶ H$s g§VmZmoËn{V hmoVr h¡& bo{H$Z Zm[a¶b H$m g§X^© Bggo AbJ h¡ ³¶m|? {ejH$m| H$s ‘XX nmbmo&

H$m¶©H$bmn : gñ¶ H$s g§VmZmoËn{V go ‘mZd g{hV àm{U¶m| Ho$ {bE AZoH$ Cn¶mo{JVm±E h¢& {‘Ì/ gho{b¶m| go MMm© H$aH$o$ gyMr V¡¶ma H$amo>>&

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Eogo H$s{OEo : ~agmV Ho$ àma§^ ‘| AnZoMmam| Va’$ hmoZodmbo noS>-d¥jm| Ho$ ~rOm| H$m g§J«h H$amo& Cd©a {‘Q²>Q>r bo H$a Cggo {‘Q²>Q>r Ho$ Jmobo V¡¶ma H$amo& AnZo g§J«{hV EH$-EH$ ~rO H$mo EH$-EH$ {‘Q²>Q>r Ho$ Jmobo Ho$ A§Xa YHo$bmo& ~agmV hmoZo na CÝh| ^y{‘ ‘| Amamo{nV H$amo& à{Vdf© H$aVo ahmo& Bg Vah Vwåhmao go Amamo{nV H$moB© ~rO ^{dî¶ ‘| AÀN>r Vah ~T> gH$Vm h¢&

8. Ordr CX²XrnZ H$mo à{V{H«$¶m {XImVo h¢&

n¡a H$mo H$m±Q>m Mw^Zo na h‘| XX© H$m AZw^d hmoVm h¡& OmS>o ‘| eara H$m±nVm

h¡& gm±n AnZr ajm Ho$ {bE ~wg² H$hVm h¡& Yyn Ho$ Vmn Ho$ {Zd©hU H$aZo Ho$ {bE

^¢go nmZr ‘| CVaVo hþE h‘Zo XoIm h¡& H$B©H$sQ> Ny>Zo na do h‘o| H$mQ>Vo h¢& àmUr

MrIVo h¢& Bg Vah Ordr AnZo hr {d{Y go à{V{H«$¶m H$aVo h¢& ¶o g^r Mmam| Amoa

H$s CX²XrnZm| Ho$ {bE XoZodmbr à{V{H«$¶mE± hmoVo h¢& Ordr AnZo n[aga ‘| hmoZodmbo

n[adV©Zm| Ho$ {bE ñn§{XV hmoVo h¢& gm‘mÝ¶V¶m ñne©, Ja‘r, R>§S>, eãX, J§Y Ho$

{bE Ordr à{V{H«$¶m XoVo h¢& BgHo$ {bE Or{d¶m| ‘| {deof A§J hmoVo h¢&

nX ghm` : CXXrnZ - n[a`mdaU _| hmoZodmbm EH$mEH$ n[adV©Z

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BZ {MÌm| na Ü¶mZ Xmo& Nw>B©‘wB© gñ¶ H$s n{Îm¶mo| H$mo Ny>Zo na g§Hw${MV hmoVr h¢& {~ÀNw> go ~mh¶ dñVw H$m ñne© hmoZo na S>§H$‘maZm, gy¶©H$m§{V ’y$b gy¶© H$s Amoa ‘wI H$aZm - BgVah Ordr CX²XrnZm| Ho$ {bE à{V{H«$¶mË‘H$ hmoVo h¢&

gmo{MEoo : Jm¶ H$mo XoIZo na ~N>S>o H$m CN>bZm, ~ÀMo Kmogbo ‘| Zht {XIZo na ‘mXm n{j Ho$ K~S>mZo H$m Hy$OZm, ‘wJu AnZ nam| ‘| AnZr MyO| {N>nmZm, AWdm MyOm| H$s ajm H$aZo Ho$ {bE {~ëbr AWdm ~mO na AmH«$‘U H$aZm, ¶o àm{U¶m| H$s

^mdZm H$mo {XImVo h¢& Bg Vah {d{dY Or{d¶m| H$s ^mdZmAm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| Xmo dmŠ` {b{IE&

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9. Ordr, Or{dVmd{Y go ¶wHV h¢&Ordr OÝ‘ boZo Ho$ ~mX àm¡T> Ordr Ho$ ê$n ‘|§ d¥{Õ nm H$a g§VmZmoËn{Îm H$aHo$,

~yT>o hmoH$a A§V ‘| ‘aOmVo h¢& Bg Vah EH$ Ordr Ho$ OÝ‘ VWm ‘aU Ho$ ~rM H$s Ad{Y H$mo Or{dVmdm{Y H$hVo h¢& H$B© àm{U¶m| H$s Am¡gV Or{dVemdm{Y ¶hm± XrJB© h¡& Ü¶mZ Xmo&

àmUr Am¡gV Or{dVmd{Y (dfm] ‘|)

H$Nw>Am 150

hmWr 70

Jm¶ 20

Mrb 20

‘Zwî¶ 70-80

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gñ¶m| H$mo Or{dVmdm{Y Ho$ AmYma na EH$ dm{f©H$ gñ¶, {Ûdm{f©H$ gñ¶ Am¡a ~hþdm{f©H$ gñ¶m| ‘| dJuH¥$V {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

BÝh| {ZåZ {MÌm| Ûmam g‘P bmo

[Ûdm{f©H$ gñ¶

~rQ>ê$Q>

JÞm

nÎmr Jmo~r

JmOa

AXaH$

Xmo df© AWdm Xmo ‘m¡g‘ VH$ Or{dV ah H$a ’y$b, ’$b, ~rOm| H$s

CËn{Îm H$aHo$ {dZîQ> hmoZodmbo gñ¶

EH$ dm{f©H$ gñ¶

EH$ df© ‘| AWdm EH$ ‘m¡g‘ ‘| ’y$b {Ib H$a H$ÀMo ’$b Ho$ ~mX ’$b

nH$ H$a {dZîQ> hmoZodmbo gñ¶Omodma

YmZ

Joh± VaH$mar

H$nmg

bQ²Qy>

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~hþdm{f©H$gñ¶

AZoH$ dfm|© VH$ Or{dV ah H$a ’y$b, ’$b, ~rOm| H$s CËn{Îm

H$aZodmbo gñ¶ gwnmarAm‘

Zm[a¶b

{Zå~w

Zr‘

’$bg

{ZåZ {b{IV gñ¶m| Ho$ Cn¶moJ {bImo&

EH$ dm{f©H$ gñ¶ :

1) __________________________________________________

2) __________________________________________________

{Ûdm{f©H$ gñ¶ :

1) __________________________________________________

2) __________________________________________________

~hþdm{f©H$ gñ¶ :

1) __________________________________________________

2) __________________________________________________

Or{dVmd{Y Ho$ AmYma Ho$ Abmdm gñ¶m| H$mo ~rOXbm| Ho$ AmYma na EH$Xb

~rO Am¡a {ÛXb~rO gñ¶m| ‘| dJuH¥$V {H$¶m OmVm h¢&

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Eogo H$s{OEo : amJr Am¡a ‘y±J’$br Ho$ ~rO bobmo& amV ‘| gmoZo go nhbo CÝh| AbJ-AbJ nmZr go âo bmoQ>o ‘| S>mbmo& gw~h nmZr {ZH$mb H$a amJr Am¡a ‘y±J’$br Ho$ ~rOm| H$mo hmW go ‘O~yVr go X~mAmo Vwåhmao AZw^d H$mo ~m±Q> bmo&

EH$Xb gñ¶ Ho$ ~rO ‘| EH$ Xb hmoVm h¡&

CXmhaU Ho$ {bE : Omodma, amJr, Johÿ±, YmZ& {ÛXb gñ¶ Ho$ ~rO ‘| Xmo Xb hmoVo h¢&

CXmhaU Ho$ {bE : bmo{~¶m, ‘y±J’$br, VwAa, MZm, CS>X&

Eogo H$s{OEo : Vw‘mao dmgñWmZ ‘| {‘bZodmbo EH$Xb Am¡a {ÛXb gñ¶m| H$m g§J«h H$amo& CZH$s n{Îm¶m±, Am¡a OS>m| na Ü¶mZ Xmo& {ejH$m| H$s ghm¶Vm go CZHo$ ~rM H$m A§Va g‘Pbmo&

Or{d¶m| Ho$ bjUm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| g‘P {b¶m h¡Zm? gñ¶ E§d àmUr n[aga H$o$ à‘wI A§ehmoVo h¡& bo{IZ AmOH$b ‘Zwî¶m| H$s bmbM go n[aga ‘| noS>-d¥jm| Ed_² àm{U¶m| H$s g§»¶m KQ>ahr h¡& gñ¶ E§d àm{U¶m| H$m g§ajU AmOH$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡&

h‘ ³¶m| gñ¶m| H$m g§ajU H$a|?- ~agmV Ho$ {bEo - Amhma Ho$ {bE - AJbr nrT>r Ho$ {bE

gñ¶m| Ho$ g§ajU H«$‘ Ho$ ~mao ‘| {‘Ì/gho{b¶m| go MMm© H$amo&

àmUr g§ajU H$m ‘hËd

{ZåZ KQ>Zm H$mo nT>mo~mo{Z©¶mo ‘| EH$~ma ‘p³I¶m| H$s g‘ñ¶m A{V ~T> JB©& BZHo$ {Z¶§ÌU ‘| H$sQ>ZmeH$m|

H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m J¶m& ‘p³I¶m± g~ ‘a JB©& ‘arhþB© ‘p³I¶m| H$mo dhm± H$s {N>nH${b¶m± ImZo bJr& Bggo ‘p³I¶m| ‘| pñWV H$sQ>ZmeH$ {N>nH$m{b¶m| H$s Xoh ‘| nhþ±Mo& BZHo$ Hw$à^md go {N>nH$m{b¶m| H$m MbZm - {’$aZm Yr‘m hmoJ¶m& V~ CÝho AmgmZr go nH$S> H$a {~{ëb¶m± ImZo bJt& {N>nH${b¶m| Ho$ O[a¶o {~[ëb¶m| H$s Xoh ‘| H$sQ>ZmeH$ nhþMJ¶o& H$B© {~{„¶m± ‘a JB©& {~{„¶m| H$s g§»¶m KQ>Vo hr Myhm| H$s g§»¶m hX² go Á¶mXm ~T>Zo bJr& Bggo ßboJ ~r‘mar H$s g‘ñ¶m ~T>Zo Ho$ H$maU AZoH$ bmoJ ~{b MT> J¶o& Myho-Mw{h¶m| Ho$ {Z¶§ÌU Ho$ {bE gaH$ma Zo Xÿgao Xoem| go {~{„¶m| H$m Am¶mV {H$¶m&

Bg KQ>Zm go n[aga ‘| àm{U¶m| H$m g§ajU Am¡a Or{d¶m| ‘| g§VwbZ H$m ‘hËd g‘P ‘| AmVm h¢&

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àmUr g§ajU Ho$ ‘hËd Ho$ ~mao ‘| Am¡a H$B© A§e {ZåZ {b{IV h¢, nT>mo& y àmUr n[aga H$mo g§Vw{bV ~Zm¶o aIZo ‘| à‘wI nmÌ H$mo {Z^mVo h¢& y àm{U¶m| Ho$ Zme go n[aga ‘| Amhma H$m A^md CËnÞ hmo H$a BVa Or{d¶m| na Jham n[aUm‘ nS>Vm h¡&

y AmOH$b gaH$ma Ûmam amîQ´>r¶ AaÊ¶, dÝ¶Or{dYm‘, njrYm‘, A^¶maÊ¶ H$s ñWmnZm go àmUr g§ajU CnH«$‘ AnZm¶o J¶o h¢& àm{U¶m| H$m {eH$ma na nm~§Xr bJmB© JB© h¢&

H$m¶©H$bmn : H$Zm©Q>H$ ‘| pñWV amîQ´>r¶ A^¶maÊ¶, dÝ¶OrdrYm‘ Am¡a njrYm‘m| H$s gyMr V¡¶ma H$s{OE&

______________ _______________ _____________

______________ _______________ _____________

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______________ _______________ _____________

______________ _______________ _____________

AnZo Mmam| Va’$ H$m OrdOJV AmíM¶©H$mar h¡& n[aga ‘| gñ¶, àm{U¶m| Ho$ ~mao

‘| g‘P H$a n[aga ‘| Cgo g§a{jV H$aZo H$m H$m¶© H$a|, Vmo AmO h‘| {XIZodmbm

n[aga AJbr nrT>r H$mo ^r XoIZo {‘boJm& ¶{X h‘ n[aga H$s aúmmH$a|, dh h‘mar

ajm H$aoJm& h‘oem ¶h ~mV ¶mX aImo&

y

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nmR> - 2

n[admaA~ VH$ Vw‘ Bg ~mV H$mo OmZ MwHo$ hmo {H$ n[adma ‘| ahZo dmbo bmoJm| H$m

Amngr [aíVm hmoVm h¡& do {‘bOwbH$a ahVo h¢& H$B© ~ma n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶ {ddmh, Zm¡H$ar {ejm Am{X H$maUm| go n[adma go Xÿa hmoH$a AbJ n[adma ~gm boVo h¡& g‘¶ Ho$ AZwgma n[adma Ho$ ñdê$n ‘| AZoH$ ~Xbmd Am aho h¢&

Bg nmR> H$mo grIZo Ho$ ~mX Vw‘, � n[adma H$m ‘hËd g‘PmoJo& � d§ed¥j Ho$ X²dmam AnZo n[adma H$s OmZH$mar nmAmoJo& � [aíVm| H$mo g§Ho$Vm| Ûmam nhMmZZo H$s Hw$ebVm nmAmoJo& � n[adma Ho$ ñdê$n ‘| AmE ~Xbmdm| H$mo nhMmZmoJo � {d^³V n[adma VWm A{d^³V n[adma Ho$ bjUm| H$mo OmZmoJo&

Mm¡Wr H$jm ‘| d§ed¥j H$m n[aM¶ A~ VH$ Vw‘ nm MwHo$ hmo& d§ed¥j {H$go H$hVo h¢? ¶hm± {bImo&

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d§ed¥j‘¢ ‘Zw hÿ±& Bg d§e Ho$ X²dmam ‘¢ AnZo n[adma H$m n[aM¶ H$amD±$Jm& ¶h ‘oam

d§ed¥j h¡& ¶hm± ‘¢ hao a§J Ho$ Mm¡ImZo ‘| hÿ±& ‘oao n[adma Ho$ g^r gXñ¶m| Ho$ Zm‘ n‹T>mo

nwéf

órn{V-nËZr

_mVm-{nVm go OÝ_o ~ƒo

d§ed¥j ‘| Cn¶mo{JV g§Ho$V {MhZ

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nhbr nr‹T>r

Mm¡Wr nr‹T>r

Vrgar nr‹T>r

Xÿgar nr‹T>r

am‘ßnm ^m½¶å‘m

{dZwVm

a{jV

‘Zw

amYm

{à¶m

ào‘m

a{d amOy aå¶m

nëb{d gw‘m

{H$aU H$sV©Zm

eaU

{nN>bo n¥îQ> na {XE JE d§ed¥j Ho$ Zm‘m| H$mo ZrMo gyMr ‘|§ {X¶m J¶m h¢& AnZo H$mo ‘Zw g‘PH$a Bg d§ed¥j Ho$ bmoJm| H$m Amngr [aíVm {bIo&

(H«$.g§.1 H$m CXmhaU g‘Pmo)

H«$‘ g§»¶m Zm‘ [aíVm

1. {à¶m XrXr

2. a{jV - amYm

3. ào‘m

4. am‘ßnm, ^m½¶å‘m

5. a{d, {dZwVm

6. nëb{d

7. eaU, gw‘m

8. amOy, aå¶m

9. {H$aU

10. H$sV©Zm

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gmo{MEo: ³¶m BZ bmoJmo Ho$ gmW ào_m Am¡a ‘Zw H$m [aíVm EH$ O¡gm h¡&

d§ed¥j H$s aMZm hoVw nwéf Ho$ {bE , ór Ho$ {bE g§Ho$V{Mh²Z H$m Cn¶moJ {H$`m J¶m h¡& {ZåZ {b{IV g§Ho$V {MhZm| H$mo XoIH$a [aíVm| H$m Zm‘ {bImo&

H«$‘ g§»¶m {MhZ [aíVm

1. nËZr - n{V

2.

3.

4. {nVm - nwÌr

5.

6.~S>r ~hZ - N>moQ>r ~hZ

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‘oao n[adma H$m n[aM¶ hmo MwH$m h¡& A~ AnZo n[adma H$m d§ed¥j V¡¶ma H$amo&

‘oao Am¡a AnZo n[adma H$s VwbZm H$aHo$ BZ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma Xmo&

1. ‘oao n[adma H$s {H$VZr nr[‹T>¶>m± h¢?

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2. Vwåhmao n[adma H$s {H$VZr nr{‹T>¶m§ h¢?

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3. ‘oao Am¡a Vwåhmao n[admamo ‘| go {H$gH$m n[adma ~‹S>m h¡? H¡$go?

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‘oao n[adma ‘| Mma nr{‹T>¶m| Ho$ gXñ¶ h¢& h‘ g^r EH$ hr Ka ‘| ahVo h¢& g^r bmoJ {‘bH$a moOZ H$aVo h¢& Ë¶mohma Am{X {‘bH$a _ZmVo h¢& naXmXm Am¡a naXmXr H$m ß¶ma h‘ g~H$mo {‘bVm h¡ & g^r bmoJ gå‘mZ Ho$ gmW CZH$s XoI^mb H$aVo h¢& n[adma Ho$ g^r H$m‘H$mO CZHo$ ‘mJ©Xe©Z go hmoVo h¢& Bgr Vah Xmo go A{YH$ nrT>rdmbo AJa EH$ hr Ka _| ahVo hmo§ Vmo dh A{d^ŠV n[adma H$hbmVm h¡ &

‘oar ~wAm ào‘m Ho$ n[adma ‘| Ho$db MmabmoJ h¢& ào‘m ~wAm AemoH$ ’y$’$mOr Am¡a CZHo$ Xmo ~ÀMo& ào‘m ~wAmOr Ho$ gmg - g‘wa Xÿgao Jm±d ‘| ahVo h¡>>±, Bgr{bE CZH$m n[adma N>moQ>m h¡& Bg Vah Xÿgar nr‹T>r H$m AbJ n[adma {d^³V n[adma H$hbmVm h¡&

Vwåhmam n[adma {H$g àH$ma H$m h¡, OmZmoJo?

BZ bjUm| ‘| go (3) AWdm (x) H$m {ZemZ bJmAmo& AJa BZ bjUm| ‘o (3) A{YH$ AmE Vmo Vwåhmam {d^³V n[adma h¡& AJa (x) A{YH$ AmE Vmo dh A{d^³V n[adma h¡&

H« .g§. n[adma Ho$ bjU hm± (3 ) Zhr (x)

1. ‘oao n[adma ‘o 2 nr{T>¶m± h¡&

2. h‘ g^r [aíVoXma h¡&

3. Ka ‘o ‘mVm - {nVm ~S>o h¢&

4. ‘oao n[adma H$m AmH$ma N>moQ>m h¡&

5. n[adma Ho$ g^r ~ÀMo A{ddm{hV h¢&

Cn¶w©³V bjUm| H$s ghm¶Vm go ‘oam n[adma n[adma h¡& ¶h

OmZH$mar {_bVr h¢&

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³¶m Vw‘ OmZVo hmo?

� d§ed¥j H$s aMZm H$aVo g‘¶ ~ÀMm| Ho$ Zm‘ Á¶oð>Vm Ho$ H«$_mZwgma {bIm OmVm h¡&

� d§ed¥j ‘| Cg d§e Ho$ ~ÀMm| Ho$ Zm‘ ~S>o go booH$a N>moQ>o VH$ H«$‘mZwgma {bIH$a CgH$o$ ~mX CZHo$ nVr/nËZr H$m Zm‘ {bIm OmVm h¡&

� d§ed¥j eãX H$s H$ënZm noS> Ho$ g‘mZ nr{T>¶m± ^r ~T>>Vr h¢ ¶h gy{MV H$aVr h¢& {bIVo g‘¶ ~S>m| go N>moQ>o VH$ D$nago ZrMo H$s Amoa {bIm OmVm h¡& ~S>m| Ho$ ~mX H$s nr{T>¶mo| H$mo Xem©Zo Ho$ {bE Eogo {bIm OmVm h¡&

‘oao {‘Ì Ho$ n[adma H$mo XoIm Z& Bg n[adma Ho$ ~mao ‘| Vwåhmar ³¶m am` h¡?

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A~ ‘¢ AnZo {‘Ìm| Ho$ n[admamo§ H$m n[aM¶ H$amD±$Jm&`h _oao {_Ì H$m n[adma h¡& ¶h A{d^³V n[adma h¡&

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A~ VH$ Vw‘Zo ‘oao, Vwåhmao, Am¡a _oao {_Ì Ho$ n[adma Ho$ ~mao ‘| Omo OmZm CZHo$ ~rM H$s g‘mZVmAm| Am¡a {d{^ÞVmAm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| {bImo&

g‘mZVm {d{^ÞVm

_oao {_Ì H$m n[adma ^r A{d^³V n[adma h¡& Bg n[adma H$s gw{dYmAm| VWm Agw{dYmAm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| AnZo {‘Ìm| go MMm© H$aHo$ {bImo&

H« .g§. gw{dYmE± Agw{dYmE±

1.

2.

3.

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A~ AnZr ghobr Ho$ Ka Mb|& CgH$s H$s ‘m± Hw$N> H$h ahr h¢& AmAmo gwZ|&

‘¢ ~S>o n[adma ‘| ahH$a ~S>r hþB©& ‘oao n[adma ‘| 25 bmoJ ahVo Wo& ~ÀMm| H$m nmbZ-nmofU g^r {‘bH$a H$aVo Wo& O~ ‘¢ N>moQ>r Wr V~ XmXr H$hm{Z¶m± gwZmVr Wt& A~ ‘oao n[adma ‘| ‘¢, ‘oao n{V Am¡a ‘oao Xmo ~ÀMo h¢& Bg g‘¶ ‘wPo AnZo n{V Omo {H$ AñnVmb ‘| h¢, CÝho ImZm XoZo OmZm h¢& AnZo N>moQ>o ~ÀMo H$mo {H$gHo$ nmg N>moS>H$a OmD$± Bgr ~mV

H$s {MÝVm hmo ahr h¡&

BZH$s n‹S>mo{gZ a{‹O¶m ~hZ Am ahr h¡ Z? XoI| do ³¶m H$hVr h¢ gwZ|&

qMVm ‘V H$s{OE AnZo N>moQ>o ~ÀMo H$mo ‘oao nmg N>moS>H$a OmBE ‘¢ XoI by±Jr& Amg-n‹S>mog ‘| ahZo dmbmo H$mo EH$ Xÿgao H$s ‘XX H$aZr hr M{hE Z?

Vw‘Zo gwZm Z? _oao ghobr H$s ‘m± H$s qMVm Xÿa hþB©& A~ ¶h ~VmAmo {H$ Xÿgao bmoJm| Zo Vwåhmao n[adma H$s ghm¶Vm {H$g-{H$g Vah go H$s h¡ BgHo$ ~mao ‘| {bImo&

{H$gZo? {H$g Vah ghm¶Vm H$s?

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gmo{MEo: ³¶m Vwåhmao n[adma H$s ghm¶Vm Xÿgao eha ‘| ahZodmbo ~ÝYw {‘Ìm| Zo H$s Wr&

‘¡Zo Vwåhmam n[aM¶ AbJ-AbJ n[admam| go H$am¶m& ZrMo {XE JE A§emo H$mo n‹T>H$a AnZo n[adma Am¡a Xÿgao n[admam| ‘| {d^m{OV H$aHo$ AmJo {XE JE Mm¡ImZm| ‘| {bImo&

� nmbZ nmofU� C{MV {ejm {XbmZm� Amhma gm‘J«r XoZm� n‹T>mZm� Iobm|o ‘| nam{OV hmoZo na gm§ËdZm XoZm&� ~r‘mar ‘| BbmO H$amZm&� ß¶ma Xþbma XoZm&� Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$mo nyam H$aZm&� ‘m± H$s AZwnpñW{V ‘| ghm¶Vm H$aZm&� A{YH$ g‘¶ ahZm&

‘oam n[adma AÝ¶

h‘mao n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶m| Ho$ Abmdm AÝ¶ bmoJ n‹S>mogr ^r h_mar ghm¶Vm H$aVo h¢&

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{H«$¶mH$bmn: AnZo Ka Ho$ Amg-nmg ahZodmbo 10 Kam| go |Q> H$amo& àË¶oH$ Ka Ho$ _w{I¶m H$m Zm‘ {bIH$a Cg Ka ‘| ahZodmbo bmoJm| H$s Hw$b g§»¶m {bImo& BZ gXñ¶m| H$m n[adma Ho$ ‘w{I¶m Ho$ gmW ³¶m [aíVm h¡ {bImo& {XE JE CXmhaU na Ü¶mZ Xmo& Bg Z‘yZo H$mo XoIH$a OmZH$mar nmH$a âmo&

H«$.g§ ô§Q> {H$E Jò Ka Ho$ _w{I`m H$m Zm‘

n[adma Ho$ Hw$b gXñ¶m| H$s g§§»¶m

_w{I`m go gXñ¶m| H$m [aíVm

CXmhaU : am‘ÊUm 06{nVm, _mVm, nËZr,

nwÌ, nwÌr1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Bg OmZH$mar Ho$ AmYma na {ZåZ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma Xmo&1) 5 go H$‘ gXñ¶m| dmbo n[admam| H$s g§»¶m __________2) 5 go A{YH$ gXñ¶m| dmbo n[admam| H$s g§»¶m __________

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3) 2 nr[‹T>¶m| dmbo n[admam| H$s g§»¶m __________

4) 2 go A{YH$ nr‹T>rdmbo n[admam| H$s g§»¶m __________

5) Bg [H«¶m H$bmn X²dmam ‘¢ Zo OmZm

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n‹T>H$a OmZ br{OE : AmOH$b Ho$ {XZm§o ‘| CÚmoJ, Am_XZr n‹T>mB©, OrdZ {Zdm©h Am{X H$maUm| go n[adma Ho$ ñdê$n ‘| ~Xbmd Am ahm h¡& {d^³V n[admam| H$s g§»¶m ~‹T> ahr h¡&

JmH$a-Py_mo

n[adma, n[adma _oam n[adma

n¡Xm hmoH$ma ~‹S>m hþAm n[adma

h±gVo h±gVo g_` {~Vm`m n[adma

_mVm - {nVm ^mB© H$m n[adma

ß`ma - Xþbma XoZo dmbm n[adma

{~Zm n[adma _¢ Zht

{~Zm n[adma g§gma Zht

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� {MÌ H$s ghm¶Vm go {ZåZ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE&

ghOrdZ

ar{V[admOg‘mO ‘| ñWmZ

nmbZnmofU

nhMmZ ghH$m[aVm

~‹S>m| H$m AmXa

{ejm

ào‘

dmËgë¶

ñdmñW¶

~‹S>m| H$m AmeudmX

gå~ÝYm| H$s d¥{Õ

‘obOmob

gwwajm

Amdí¶H$VmAmo| H$s ny{V©

1) n[adma go ‘wPo H$m¡Z go CÎm‘ JwU grIZo h¢?

___________ ___________ ___________ __________

___________ ___________ ___________ __________

___________ ___________ ___________ __________

2) ‘wPo n[adma H$s Amdí¶H$Vm ³¶m| h¡?

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nmR> - 3

g‘wXm¶

EH$ {ZpíMV àXoe ‘| ahZo dmbo bmoJm| Ho$ g‘yh H$mo g‘wXm¶ H$hVo h¢& g‘wXm¶ ‘o bmoJ EH$ Xÿgao na {Z^©a ahVo h¢& g‘wXm¶m| H$s nhMmZ AbJ AbJ Zm‘m| go H$s OmVr h¡&

CXmhaU : J«m‘ g‘wXm¶, ZJa g‘wXm¶, A{Xdmgr g‘wXm¶&

Bg nmR> H$mo grIZo Ho$ ~mX Vw‘, � g‘wXm¶m| Ho$ àH$ma Am¡a bjUm| H$mo OmZmoJo& � J«m‘ g‘wXm¶ dhm± Ho$ J«m‘rUm| H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| VWm CZHo$ g§‘mYmZm| Ho$ ~mao ‘o OmZmoJo& � ZJa g‘wXm¶ Ho$ bmoJm| H$m OrdZ dhm± H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| d CZHo$ {ZdmaU H«$‘m| H$m nVm bJmAmoJo&

� Am{Xdmgr g‘wXm¶ H$m n[aM¶ nmAmoJo& � {d{dY noem| H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Am¡a ‘yë¶m| H$mo OmZH$a ûm«_ Jm¡ad H$s àe§gm H$amoJo&

{d{^Þ g‘wXm¶

¶hm± EH$ Jm±d H$m {MÌ {X¶m J¶m h¡& XoImo, {H$VZo gmao Ka h¢ Z?

Bg Jm±d ‘| H$B© n[adma {Zdmg H$aVo h¢& BZ g^r n[admam| Ho$ g‘yh H$mo

g‘wXm¶ H$hVo h¢&

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gmo{MEo : EH$ ~¥hV² ‘obo H$mo XoIZo AbJ-AbJ Jm±dmo go AZoH$ n[adma AmE hþE h¢& ³¶m BÝh| g‘wXm¶ H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡?

a{d H$s H$hmZr n‹T>H$a àíZ H$m CÎma Xmo&a{d H$m Ka AmZÝXnwa ‘| h¡& BgHo$ {nVm ¶ht n¡Xm hmoH$a ~S>o hþE Bgr Vah

H$B© bmoJ Bgr Jm±d ‘| H$B© gmbm| go ahVo h¢& {H$gr EH$ Ho$ Ka ‘| H$moB© H$m¶©H«$‘ hmo Vmo g^r ‘XX H$aVo h¢& a{d Ho$ {nVm {H$gmZ h¢, Am¡a H$B© H$m`m] Ho$ {bE Xÿgam| na {Z^©a H$aVo h¢, g‘wXm¶ Ho$ ³¶m bjU h¡? (H$moB© VrZ)

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n‹T>H$a OmZ br{OE :

h‘ h‘mao H$s ^mdZm aIZo dmbo EH$ {ZpíMV àXoe ‘| ahZodmbo OZg‘yh H$mo g‘wXm¶ H$hVo h¢& g‘wXm¶ Ho$ g^r gXñ¶ ¶h ^mdZm aIVo h¢ {H$ do EH$ Xÿgao na {Z^©a h¢& AJa g‘wXm¶ H$m AmH$ma N>moQ>m hmo Vmo ¶h ^mdZm A{YH$ à~b hmoVr h¡& AJa g‘wXm¶ H$m AmH$ma ~‹S>m hmoVmo Bg ^mdZm H$s H$_r hmoVr h¡&

n¶m©daU ‘| A{YH$Va àmUrdJ© H$m g‘yh ‘| ahZm g‘wXm¶ H$mo Xem©Vm h¡& ‘Yw‘p³I¶m±, Mt{Q>¶m± g‘wXm¶ (g‘yh) ‘| ahH$a H$m‘m| H$mo ~m±Q>H$a OrVr h¢ ¶hr BZH$s {deofVm h¡& Vwåhmao Amgnmg Bgr Vah go g‘wXm¶ ‘| ahZodmbo AÝ¶ Or{d¶m| H$mo nhMmZH$a AnZo {‘Ìm| go Bg ~mao ‘| MMm© H$amo&

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¶hm± {XoE JE {MÌm| ‘| go Vw‘go OmZo JE A§em| H$mo {bImo.

OmZo JE A§e

J«m‘rU g‘wXm¶______________________________________

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ZJa g‘wXm¶______________________________________

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Am{Xdmgr g‘wXm¶______________________________________

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J«m‘rU g‘wXm¶, ZJa g‘wXm¶ Am¡a Am{X dmgr g‘wXm¶ Zm‘H$ AZoH$ g‘wXm¶ h¡&

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¶hm± na J«m‘rU g‘wXm¶ H$m {MÌ h¡& Bg {MÌ ‘| ahZo dmbo H¥${f Ho$ A{V[a³V AÝ¶ Am¡a H$m¡Z go H$m¶© h¡ {bImo&

H¥${f H$m¶© A{V[a³V H$m¶©

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g‘wXm¶ ‘o ahZo dmbo n[admam| H$mo H$m‘ H$aZo Ho$ {bE AZoH$ gmYZm| H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& J«m‘rU g‘wXm¶ ‘| EH$ Xÿgao H$m Adbå~Z A{YH$ {XImB© XoVm h¡& ¶hm± ha noeo H$m gå‘mZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

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H$m¶©H$bmn : {H$gmZ Ho$ H$m‘ ‘| AmZodmbo {d{^Þ gmYZm| H$s gyMr ~ZmH$a BÝho {H$gmZ {H$ggo àmßV H$aVm h¡ {bImo&

gmYZ {H$ggo___________________

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^maV Ho$ 72 à{VeV bmoJ Jm±d ‘| ahVo h¢& BZ‘| go 70 à{VeV bmoJm| H$m

OrdZ H¥${f na AmYm[aV h¡& IoVr Ho$ gmW-gmW Xþ½Y CËnmXZ (Jm¶, ^¢g nmbZ)

‘wJu nmbZ, ‘N>br nmbZ aoe‘ Ho$ H$sS>m| H$m nmbZ Am{X AÝ¶ H$m‘ ^r H$aVo h¢&

~wZmB©, bwhma{Jar, ~‹T>B©{Jar, Am¡a Q>moH$ar Am{X ~wZZo O¡go H$m‘ ^r h‘ Jm±d

‘| XoI gH$Vo h¢& BZ H$m‘m| Ho$ {bE [ó¶m| na {Z^©a h¢& Jm±d‘o g’$mB©, ñdmñW²¶

{ejm, amoOJma gå~ÝYr g‘ñ¶mE± XoIZo H$mo {‘bVr h¢& Jm±dmo Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE

gaH$ma Zo AZoH$ H$X‘ CR>mE h¢& Omo Bg àH$ma h¡&

1. {e{jV J«m‘rU ¶wdH$mo Ho$ CÚmoJ Ho$ {bE amoOJma ¶moOZm, Odmha J«m‘ g‘¥{Õ

¶moOZm&

2. JwUmË‘H$ {ejm Ho$ {bE gd©{ejm A{^¶mZ&

3. J«m‘ñdÀN>Vm Ho$ bú¶ny{V© Ho$ {bE {Z‘©b J«m‘¶moOZm&

4. ~m{bH$mAm| H$s A{^d¥{Õ Ho$ {bE ^m½¶bú‘r ¶moOZm&

5. {ZY©Zm| H$mo J¥h {Z_m©U Ho$ {bE AZwXmZ VWm H$Om© XoZo Ho$ {bE Amdmg ¶moOZm&

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BZ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma Xmo&

1. Jm±d Ho$ bmoJmo Ho$ noem| H$mo {bImo&

__________ __________ __________ __________

__________ __________ __________ __________

__________ __________ __________ __________

__________ __________ __________ __________

2. Jm±d Ho$ bmoJ {H$Z g‘ñ¶m¶m| H$m gm‘Zm H$aVo h¢?

_________________________________________________

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3. J«m‘rU {dH$mg Ho$ {bE gaH$ma X²dmam MbmB© JB© {H$gr EH$ ¶moOZm Ho$ ~mao ‘| {bImo&

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ZJa g‘wXm¶

¶hm± EH$ ‘hmZJa H$m {MÌ h¢& Bg {MÌ ‘| Vw‘Zo {OZ ~mVm| na Ü¶mZ {X¶m CZHo$ ~mao ‘| ZrMo {XE JE Imbr OJh ‘| {bImo&

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bmoJ {ejm, amoOJma, Am{X Ho$ {bE Jm§dmo go ZJa AmVo h¡& ZJam| ‘| bmoJmoH$mo {^Þ {^Þ àH$ma Ho$ H$m‘ H$aVo hþE XoIVo h¡&

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ZrMo {XE JE {MÌm| H$mo XoImo, ¶o bmoJ H$m¡Z go H$m‘ H$a aho h¢? {bImo& Bg Vah Ho$ H$m‘ H$aZo dmbo bmoJ Vwåhmao Jm±d/eha ‘| ahVo hmo Vmo, Cg {MÌ na (3) H$m {M• A§{H$V H$amo&

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^maV ‘| bJ^J nm±M hOma ZJa h¢& BZ ZJam| ‘| Xg bmI go A{YH$ OZg§»¶m dmbo gÎmmB©g ‘hmZJa h¢&

¶hm± ZJa H$mo {MÌU H$aZo dmbo {MÌ {XE JE h¢& BZ {MÌm| H$mo XoIH$a àíZm| Ho$ CÎma Xmo&

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1. Vw‘ ZJa ‘o OmH$a ³¶m-³¶m XoImoJo?

__________ __________ __________ __________

__________ __________ __________ __________

__________ __________ __________ __________

__________ __________ __________ __________

__________ __________ __________ __________

2. BZ {MÌm| ‘| n¶m©daU H$mo Xÿ{fV H$aZo dmbo {MÌ na (3) H$m {MhZ A§{H$V H$amo&

3. AJa Vw‘ ZJa ‘| ahVo hmo Vmo {H$Z g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m gm‘Zm H$a aho hmo?

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4. ZJam| Ho$ {dñVma go n¶m©daU H$mo hmoZodmbo ZwH$gmZ Ho$ ~mao ‘| {ddaU Xmo&

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{ejH$ H$s ghm¶Vm go {ZåZ{b{IV {df¶m| Ho$ ~mao ‘| {‘Ìm| go MMm© H$amo& H$jm ‘| g~Ho$ gm‘Zo AnZo {dMma ì¶³V H$amo&

� ZJa ‘| Amdmg H$s g‘ñ¶m� g§Mma éH$mdQ> (Q´>¡{’$H$ Om‘)� Am¡Úmo{JH$ àXoem| ‘o àXÿfU&� Hy$S>o H$m {Zd©hU&� Pm|nS>-nQ²>Q>r àXoe&� Ob àXÿfU

Bg Vah H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| go {ZnQ>Zo Ho$ {bE gaH$ma Zo Hw$N> H$m‘ {H$E h¢ Omo Bg àH$ma h¢&

{ZH$mg ì¶dñWm

nrZo Ho$ {bE ewÕ nmZrH$s Amny{V©

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gw{dYm OZH$ gwg{‚mV ~g CS²>S>o VWm aobdo ñQ>oeZ

ZJam| Ho$ ~mhar {hñgmo ‘| dVw©b ‘mJm] H$s ì¶dñWm

CÚmZ dZm| H$m {Z‘m©U

gaH$mar H$m¶©H«$‘m| Ho$ gmWgmW ZJa ‘| ahZodmbo àË¶oH$ ì¶{³V$H$mo ZJa H$s

g’$mB© H$m Ü¶mZ aIZm Mm{hE& ào‘ Am¡a {dídmg H$s ^mdZm Ho$ gmW {‘bOwbH$a

ahZm Mm{hE&

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Am{Xdmgr g‘wXm¶

Bg {MÌ ‘| {XImE JE H$m¡Z go A§e Vwåhmao ahZ-ghZ go {^Þ h¢? {bImo&

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KZo O§Jbmo VWm nhmS>r àXoem| ‘| ahZo dmbo bmoJm| H$mo Am{Xdmgr H$hVo h¢&

BZH$m {Zdmg, ^mfm, doe-^yfm, {ddmh nÕ{V Am{X {d{eîQ> hmoVo h¢& ‘¡gya {Obo

Ho$ gmoqbJm, X{jU H$ÞS> {Oëbo Ho$ H$moaJ H$moS>Jw {Obo Ho$ OoZwHw$ê$~ VWm ¶a~ê$

BË¶m{X Zm‘ Ho$ Am{Xdmgrdmgr g‘wXm¶ h¢&

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{MÌ H$s ghm¶Vm go BZ Ho$ noem| H$mo {bImo&

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Bg g‘wXm¶ Ho$ bmoJ O§Jbm|, nhm{S>¶mo| ‘| ahZo go ¶o bmoJ ‘H$mZ, {ejm, n[adhZ, Amhma, {~Obr BË¶m{X gw{dYmAm| go d§{MV ahVo h¢& BZ {XZm| gaH$ma Bg g‘wXm¶ Ho$ bmoJm| Ho$ {bE {ejm Amhma {dVaU Ka, ñdmñÏ` Am{X H$s gw{dYmE± nhþ±MmZo H$s H$mo{ee H$a ahr h¡&

AnZr ‘yb^yV Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$r ny{V© VWm EH$ Xÿgao H$s ghm¶Vm Ho$ {bE {ZpíMV àXoe ‘| ahZodmbo bmoJm| H$m g‘yh hr g‘wXm¶ h¡, Bg ~mV H$mo Vw‘ g‘P MwHo$ hmo& J«m‘rU, ZJar¶ VWm A{Xdmgr g‘wXm¶m| Ho$ A{V[a³V h‘ AÝ¶ g‘wXm¶m| H$mo ^r XoIVo h¢&


· EH$ hr {df¶ ‘| é[M aIZodmbo bmoJm| X²dmam AnZo {dMmam| Ho$ AmXmZ-àXmZ Ho$ {bE ~Zm¶m J¶m g‘wXm¶& CXmhaU : bmoH$JrV ào{‘¶m| H$m g‘wXm¶&· {H$gr H$m`© _| n[adV©Z bmZm h¡ AWdm {H$gr H$m_ H$mo H$aZo Ho$ {bE bmoJmo H$m g_wXm` & CXmhaU : n`m©dmaU ào{_`mo H$m g_wXm` · EH$ g‘mZ amoOJma H$aZodmbo AWdm EH$ hr Vah Ho$ H$m¶© H$aZodmbo bmoJmo Ûmam ~Zm¶m J¶m g‘wXm¶& CXmhaU : {ejH$ g‘wXm¶

Bg Vah h‘ XoIVo h¡ {H$ AnZr ngÝX, {dam‘ g‘¶ AmXVm| A{^é{M¶m| Ho$ AZwgma bmoJm|Ho$ g‘wXm¶ ~ZVo h¡& g‘wXm¶ Ho$db n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶m| go Zhr ~ZVm ~{ëH$ {d{^Þ ì¶{³V¶m| Ho$ Amngr gå~ÝYm| go ^r g‘wXm¶ ~ZVo h¡& ¶hr g‘wXm¶ H$m {dñV¥V AW© ~VbmVm h¡& BZHo$ Abmdm Y‘©, bú¶, ^mfm, g§ñH¥${V Am¶w qbJ Am{X na AmYm[aV hmoH$a g‘wXm¶ ~ZVo h¢& Bg ~mV H$mo h‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢&

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A~ VH$ Vw‘ Vah-Vah Ho$ amoOJma/H$m‘m| Am{X Ho$ ~mao ‘| OmZH$mar nm MwHo$ hmo& Vwåh§o Amhma àmßV H$aZo Ho$ {bE BVZo bmoJm| Ho$ gh¶moJ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡& ³¶m Vw‘ Bg ~mV H$mo OmZVo hmo? ¶hm§ {XE JE MmQ>© H$mo Ü¶mZ go XoImo& Bggo Vw_Zo ³¶m grIm Bgo {bImo&

Amhma Ho$ {bE gh¶moJ

Amha H$s Amdí¶H gm_J«r$

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ObHw±$Am/Zha|/Q²¶y~dob ImoXZo dmbo,nmBn, n§ngoQ> V¡¶ma H$aZo dmbo,{~Obr H$m H$m‘ H$aZo dmbo&

~rO{H$gmZAZmO g§J«hH$ H$aZo dmboAmhma g§ajH$VmobH$a ~moao ‘| âZo dmbo&

dmhZ MmbH$&

ImX

ì¶mnmarImX V¡¶ma H$aZo dmbo&g§ñH$aU H$aZo dmbo&~moao V¡¶ma H$aZo dmbo& VmobZo dmbo&n[adhZ dmbo&

H$sQ>ZmeH$

g§emoYH$V¡¶maH$‘OXÿa

‘OXÿa IoVr ‘OXÿa

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dmhZ MmbH$

ì¶mnmar

n{a>dmhH$

WmoH$ ì¶mnmar/Xbmb

ì¶mnmar

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~mn ao! AJa h‘mar Amhma gm‘J«r Ho$ {bE BVZo bmoJ H$m‘ H$aVo h¢ Vmo, dñÌ V¡¶ma H$aZo, J¥h {Z‘m©U BË¶m{X dñVwAm| H$s V¡¶mar Ho$ nrN>o {H$VZo bmoJmo H$s ‘ohZV h¡ BgHo$ ~mao ‘| Oam gmoMH$a XoImo& AJa BZ g~‘o EH$ ^r gh¶moJ Z H$ao Vmo H$m‘ nyam Zht hmo gH$Vm& h‘ dñVwAm| H$mo n¡go XoH$a XþH$mZ go IXrH$a bmVo h¢& ¶h g~Hw$N> AmgmZr go {‘b OmVm h¡ Eogm gmoMZo H$s ~OmE h‘ {OZ dñVwAm| H$m à¶moJ H$aVo h¢, CgHo$ nrN>o {H$VZo bmoJm| H$s ‘ohZV H$m‘ H$aVr h¡, Bgo Zhr§ ^ybZm h¡& AV… g‘wXm¶ Ho$ àË¶oH$ noeo/H$m‘ H$m gå_mZ H$aZm Mm{hE Am¡a BZ H$m‘m| H$mo H$aZo dmbo àË¶oH$ ì¶{³V H$m ^r gå‘mZ H$aZm Mm{hE&

g‘wÐ Ho$ nmZr go ~ZZo dmbm Z‘H$ h‘o H¡$go {‘bVm h¡ Am¡a Bgo H$m¡Z V¡¶ma H$aVo h¢? ({ejH$ H$s ghm¶Vm go) EH$ MmQ>© V¡¶ma H$amo&$

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{H$gr EH$ g‘wXm¶ H$s CÞ{V ‘| AZoH$ àH$ma Ho$ H$m‘m| H$m H$aZm Oê$ar h¡& Bg ~mV H$mo Vw‘ g‘P MwHo$ hmo g‘wXm¶ ‘| ‘yb^yV Amìí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© H$aZo dmbo amoOJmam| Ho$ Abmdm Hw$N> AbJ H$m‘ H$aZodmbo bmoJ ^r h¢&

¶hm± {XE JE {MÌ XoImo& ¶o H$m¡Z h¢? BZgo h‘| ³¶m Cn¶moJ h¢? {MÌ Ho$ ZrMo {XE JE Imbr OJh ‘| {bImo&

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g‘wXm¶ Ho$ bmoJmo Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ gm_{J«¶m| H$mo V¡¶ma H$a Amny{V© H$aZo dmbo, n¶m©daU H$mo ñdÀN> aIZo dmbo, ‘yb^yV gw{dYmAm| H$s ny{V© H$aZodmbm| Ho$ Abmdm _Zmoa§OZ, IwerXoZodmbo ‘mZ{gH$ g§Vw{ï> àXmZ H$aZo dmbm| H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& ha H$m‘ Oê$ar h¡& {H$gr ^r g‘wXm¶ H$s CÞ[V ‘| g~H$m hmW hmoVm h¡& CZHo$ H$m¶m|© H$m r ‘hËd hmoVm h¡& Bg ~mV H$mo g‘PH$a àË¶oH$ ì¶{³V H$m gå‘mZ H$a|&

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¶hm± na AnZr d¥{Îm Ho$ AË¶ÝV g’$b ì¶{³V¶m| Ho$ {MÌ {XE JE h¢& ¶o bmoJ H$m¡Z h¢& ¶o bmoJ {H$g hþZa ‘| gmYZm H$aHo$ g’$b hþE& Bgo {bImo&

y {d{^Þ joÌm| ‘| g’$bVm àmßV H$aZo dmbo ì¶{³V¶m| Ho$ {MÌm| H$mo B³Q²>R>m H$aHo$ AnZr nmR>embm ‘| àX{e©V H$amo&

y Vw‘ ~S>o hmoH$a ³¶m H$m‘ H$aZm MmhVo hmo? Bg H$m‘ Ho$ Ûmam g‘wXm¶ H$mo ³¶m bm^ hmoJm& Bg na AnZr H$jm ‘o {dMma ì¶³V H$amo&¶hm± {XEJE {MÌ H$mo XoIH$a Bg Ñí¶ H$m {ddaU Xmo&

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Bg n[adma H$mo {H$g Vah H$s ‘XX {‘br {MÌm| H$s ghm¶Vm go {ddaU Xmo&

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g‘wXm¶ _|, AJa H$moB© {dn{Îm ‘| hmo Vmo g‘wXm¶ Ho$ AÝ¶bmoJ CgH$s ghm¶Vm H$aVo h¢& Bgr Vah ~m‹T gyIm, ^yH§$n BË¶m{X àmH¥${VH$ {dnXmAm| ‘| hm{Z hmoZo na {d{^Þ g‘wXm¶m| Ho$ bmoJ ghm¶Vm H$aVo h¢&

Bggo Vw‘Zo ³¶m OmZm, {bImo&

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ha ì¶{º$ g‘wXm¶ H$m EH$ {hñgm h¡& g‘yh ‘| ahZo dmbo ha ì¶{³V go {‘bH$a hr g‘wXm¶ H$s aMZm hþB© h¡& g‘wXm¶ Ho$ gh¶moJ Ho$ {~Zm Or{dV ahZm ‘wpíH$b hmoVm h¡& AV… g‘¶ n‹S>Zo na h‘| ^r g‘wXm¶ Ho$ AÝ¶ bmoJm| H$s ghm¶Vm H$aZr Mm{hE&

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nmR> - 4

gm‘wXm{¶H$ Iob

Iobmo H$m OÝ‘ g‘wXm¶ ‘| hr hþAm h¡& bmoJm| Zo AnZm Imbr g‘¶ {~VmZo Ho$ {bE Iobm| H$m ‘mJ© MwZm& Iobm| Ûmam g‘wXm¶ Ho$ bmoJmo§ Ho$ Amngr gå~ÝY ~‹T>Vo h¢& ~‹S>o N>moQ>o g^r H$mo {‘bH$a IobZo H$m ‘m¡H$m {‘bVm h¡& bmoJmo Ûmam AnZo ‘Zmoa§OZ Am¡a emar[aH$ ì¶m¶m‘ Ho$ {bE {ZYm©[aV {H«$¶mH$bmn hr "Iob' h¡& ¶h g‘wXm¶ Ho$ bmoJm| Ho$ {‘bOwbH$a ahZo, IobH$a AmZÝX CR>mZo dmbo {H«$¶mH$bmn h¡&

Bg nmR> H$mo grIZo Ho$ ~mX Vw‘, � Iobm| Am¡a emar[aH$ ì¶m¶m‘ H$m ‘hËd OmZmoJo& � gmh{gH$ Iobm| H$m n[aM¶ nmAmoJo&

a{ddma H$mo nmR>embm H$s Nw>Q²>Q>r h¡& Vwåhmao {bE Nw>QyQ>r H$m {XZ Iwer H$m {XZ h¡& Nw>Q²>Q>r H$m {XZ Vw‘ H¡$g¡ ì¶VrV H$amoJo& ³¶m ³¶m H$amoJo ¶hm± {bImo:-

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BZ_| go Vwåh| {H$ggo ~hþV Iwer {‘bVr h¡? Bgo nhMmZmo& BZ‘| Iob ^r h¡ ³¶m?

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¶hm± Xr JB© gyMr H$mo Ü¶mZ go XoImo& BZgo IobZo dmbo Iobm| go hmoZodmbo Cn¶moJ H$mo N>m±Q>H$a {bImo&

k g§Vmofk boIZ H$m¡ebk ~w{Õ H$s Hw$emJ«Vmk ghH$[aVm

k ‘Zmoa§OZk ñnYm©Ë‘H$ ^mdZmk hma-OrV H$mo g‘mZ ê$n gok J«hU H$aZo H$s ‘Zmo^mdZm

k ^yI {‘Q>Zmk n[aga gwajmk emar[aH$ ì¶m¶m‘k {‘ÌVmk kmZ

Bg {MÌ na Ü¶mZ Xmo& ¶o bmoJ à{V{XZ Bgo H$aVo h¢& ò bmoJ ³¶m H$a ah| h¡? {bImo&

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Iob, ¶moJ, emar[aH$ ì¶m¶m‘ Am{X H$aZo go emar[aH$ Am¡a ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñW¶ H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& BZ g~H$m Aä¶mg H$aZo go ‘m§gno{e¶m± Am¡a ñZm¶w H$s j‘Vm ~‹T>H$a eara ñdñW ahVm h¢& emar[aH$ dOZ H$mo ghr aI gH$Vo h¢& eara H$m AmH$ma ghr hmoZo go gwÝXa {XImB© XoVo h¢& AmË‘{dídmg ~‹T>Vm h¡& Imbr g‘¶ H$m gXþn¶moJ hmoVm h¡& ‘Zmoa§OZ Am¡a Cëbmg go h‘oem CËgm{hV ahVo h¢ Am¡a ’w$Vubo ah gH$Vo h¢&

gmo{MEo

* emar[aH$ {H«$¶mH$bmn Z H$aZo dmbm| H$mo H$m¡Z gr naoem{Z¶m§ hmo gH$Vr h¢&* ‘moQ>o bmoJm| H$mo AnZm dOZ H$‘ H$aZo Ho$ {bE ³¶m H$aZm R>rH$ ahoJm& Bg ~mao ‘| ³¶m H$aVo hmo?

Iob {g’©$ h‘mao {bE bm^H$mar h¡ ³¶m?Xoer, {dXoer Iobm| go Xoe-{dXoe Ho$ ~rM ñZoh gm¡hmX©Vm ~‹T>H$a Amngr

g§å~ÝY ~‹T>H$a [aíVo ‘O~yV hmoVo h¢&

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Hw$N> AÝVaï´>r¶ Iobm| Ho$ Zm‘ {bImo&

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¶hm± {XE JE Mm¡ImZo ‘| ^maV H$m {H$gr Xÿgao Xoe Ho$ gmW IoboOmZo dmbo {MÌ H$mo boH$a ¶hm± {MnH$mAm|&

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BZ {MÌm| H$mo XoImo& {XE JE Zm‘m| H$s gyMr go N>m±Q>H$a BZ {MÌm| Ho$ ZrMo {bImo ({ejH$ H$s ghm¶Vm bmo)

(Zmd H«$s‹S>m, nd©VmamohU, Amg‘mZr N>bm±J nd©V MmaU, n{hEdmbr M‹T>mB©)

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BZ {MÌm| H$mo XoIH$a bJVm h¡ Z dmh& ¶o g~ ^r Iob hr h¡& BÝho gmh{gH$ H«$s‹S>m H$hVo h¢&

n‹T>H$a OmZ br{OE : amo‘m§MH$ VWm {deof emar[aH$

gm‘Ï¶m] na AmYm[aV H«$s‹S>mAm| H$mo gmh{gH$ H«$s‹S>mE± H$hVo h¢& ¶o

H«$s‹S>mE± A{YH$Va Agm‘mÝ¶ ê$n go bú¶ na n±hþMZo H$s MwZm¡Vr

XoZo dmbo Iob hmoVo h¢& BZ Iobm| Ho$ {bE A{YH$ V¡¶mar VoOr, Hw$ebVm à{ejU

VWm emar[aH$ j‘Vm ‘§o ¶w³V {IbmS>r H$mo ZB© ZB© MwZm¡{V¶m| H$m gm‘ZmH$amVr

h¡& Eogr H«$s‹S>mAm| go ‘Z H$mo AmZÝX, IVam| H$m gm‘Zm ‘mZ{gH$ pñWaVm, emar[aH$

ì¶m¶m‘ VWm ‘Zmoa§OZ {‘bVm h¡& na ¶h ^r gM h¡ {H$ ¶o Iob IVam| go âo

hmoVo h¢& AV… IVam| go ~MZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV gmdYm{Z¶m| H$m nmbZ H$aZm

Mm{hE&'

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- BZ Iobm| ‘| ^mJ boZo go nhbo CgHo$ {bE Amdí¶H$ gmYZ VWm {ZpíMV

Hw$ebVm nmZm Amdí¶H$ h¡&

- A{YH$ g§¶‘² VWm {Oå‘oXmar H$m AZwH$aU Amdí¶H$ h¡& gÝX^m] Ho$ AZwgma ght

ar{V go {Zdm©h H$aZm Mm{hE gmh{gH$ Iobm| Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| AmZo dmbo IVamo,

hm{Z IVao go ¶w³V Iobm| Ho$ {bE AÀN>r Vah Aä¶mg H$aHo$ CZH$m gm‘Zm

H$aZo H$m AZw^d àmßV H$a Amdí¶H$ V¡¶mar VWmà{ejU àmßV H$aZm Mm{hE&

- AnZo Xb Ho$ gh¶moJ Ho$ gmW BZ Iobm| ‘o ^mJ boZm Mm{hE&

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¶hm± na Hw$N> J«m‘rU àXoe H$s gmh{gH$ H«$s‹S>mAm| Ho$ {MÌ h¢& ~‹S>m| H$s ghm¶Vm go BZH«$s‹S>mAmo§ Ho$ Zm‘ OmZH$a {bImo&

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AnZo n[adma H$s OmZH$mar dmbo {H$gr EH$ gmh{gH$ H«$s‹S>m Ho$ ~mao ‘| OmZH$a {ddaU g§J«hH$a {bImo&

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{díd Ho$ AË¶ÝV D±$Mo "‘mCÊQ> EdaoñQ>>' {eIa na g~go nhbo M‹T>mB© H$aZo dmbo ì¶{º$ H$m¡Z Wo? ES²>‘ÊS²> {hboar Am¡a VoZqgJ ZmoJ}&

"‘mD$ÊQ> EdaoñQ>' {eIa na M‹T>Zo dmbr nhbr ^maVr¶ ‘{hbm "~MoÝÐr nm°b' Wr&

J«m‘rU gmh{gH$ H«$s‹S>mE± h‘mar gm§ñH¥${VH$ na§namAm| H$m à{Vq~~ h¡& naÝVw AmYw{ZH Q>r.dr.VWm BÝQ>aZoQ> Am{X Ho$ à^md go BZ Iobm| H$m AmH$f©U H$‘ hmo J¶m h¡&

‘¡gya amOKamZo Ho$ O‘mZo go "Hw$íVr' Mbr Am ahr h¡& AmOVH$ Xeham H«$s‹S>mAm| ‘| BgH$m ApñVËd ~Zm hþAm h¡&

gmB{H$b MbmZm, V¡amH$s, VoO Mmb, ¶moJmä¶mg Am{X H$aZm AÀN>r AmXV§o h¢& BZ g~go ñdmñW¶ AÀN>m ahVm h¡&

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AÜ¶m¶ - 5

Z¡g{J©H$ g§gmYZ

h‘mar n¥Ïdr, Or{d¶m| Ho$ OrdZ Ho$ {b¶o Amdí¶H$ g§gmYZ ¶w³V h¡& g§gmYZ H$m ‘Vb~ h¡ {H$ Z¡g{J©H$ê$n ‘| àmá nmZr, {‘Å>r, dm¶w, I{ZO nXmW©, noS>-nm¡Yo Am¡a àmUr Am{X& ‘mZd g{hV g^r Ordr OrZo Ho$ {b¶o BZH$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡& ‘mZd H$s àJ{V Ho$ {b¶o ¶o g^r A{V‘yë¶ h¢&

Bg nmR> H$mo grIZo Ho$ ~mX Vw‘, � Z¡g{J©H$ g§gmYZm| H$s Adí¶H$Vm Ho$ ~mao ‘o OmZmoJo& � Z¡g{J©H$ g§gmYZm| Ho$ àH$mam| Ho$ ~mao ‘| OmZmoJo& � {d{^Þ g§gmYZm| H$s ‘hËdVm Ho$ ~mao ‘| OmZmoJo& � Z¡g{J©H$ g§gmYZm| H$mo Z{dH$aUr¶ Am¡a AZ{dH$aUr¶ g§gmYZm| ‘| dJuH$aU H$a gH$moJo& � Z¡g{J©H$ g§gmYZm| H$s {‘Vì¶`Vm Am¡a g§ajU H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Ho$ ~mao ‘| OmZmoJo&$

Z¡g{J©H$ g§gmYZm| H$mo nhMmZZo Ho$ {b¶o {ZåZ nho{b¶m| H$mo gwbPmB©¶o:-

1. ‘oao {~Zm Vw‘ EH$jU ^r Or{dV Zhr§ ahVo ha EH$ noS> nm¡Ym, new-n[j¶m| H$mo ‘oar Oê$aV h¢& H$moB© ^r ‘wPo XoI Zhr§ gH$Vm ‘¢ H$m¡Z hÿ±? __________________

2. n¥Ïdr Ho$ A{YH$V‘ ^mJ H$mo ‘¢ AmdaU {b¶m hÿ±,

‘¢ Amn g~H$s ß¶mg H$mo ~wPmVm hÿ±,

‘¢ noS>-nm¡Yo Am¡a new-njr¶m| H$mo R>§S>m H$aVm hÿ±, ‘¢ H$m¡Z hÿ±? __________________

3. ‘¢ AnZo D$na AmnH$mo dmg H$aZo XoVm hÿ±, ‘¢ noS>-nm¡Ym| H$mo CJZo ‘| ghm¶H$ hÿ±, ‘oao D$na ahZodmbo g^r àm{U¶m| H$mo ghmam XoVm hÿ±,

‘¢ H$m¡Z hÿ±? __________________

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4. ‘¢ ’$b Am¡a ~rO XoVm hÿ± R>§S>r N>m¶m H$mo ’¡$bmVm hÿ±, ‘oao {~Zm H$moB© Ordr Zhr h¡,

‘¢ H$m¡Z hÿ±? __________________

5. ~g, bm°ar, H$ma O¡go dmhZ ‘oao H$mo MmhVo h¢, ‘¢ V¡¶ma hmoZo Ho$ {b¶o hOmam| df© bJVo h¢, ^y‘r Ho$ A§Xa go ‘wPo ImoXH$a ~mha {ZH$mbVo h¢,

‘¢ H$m¡Z hÿ±? __________________

6. ~V©Z, {Jbmg, Am{X ‘wP hr go ~ZVo h¡, AmË¶§V gw§Xa Am^yfU ‘oao go ~Zm¶o OmVo h¢, ‘oao AnQ>H$ H$mo Vw‘ H$R>moa ~ZmVo hmo,

‘¢ H$m¡Z hÿ±? __________________

7. ‘wP go A§Yoam ~hþV Xÿa ^mJmVm h¡,

‘wP go M‘{H$bm àH$me àmá hmoVm h¡,

D$Om© H$m òmoV Omo _¢ hÿ± ‘¢ H$m¡Z hÿ±? __________________

Z¡g{J©H$ g§gmYZmo§ H$mo ZdrH$aUr¶ Am¡a AZ{dH$aUr¶ g§gmYZm| Ho$ ê$n ‘| dJuH¥$V H$a gH$Vo h¢&

1. Z{dH$aUr¶ g§gmYZ

gm¡aD$Om©, dm¶w(hdm), nmZr, {‘Å>r, O§Jb (dZ) Am{X g§gmYZ CZH$o$ gVV

Cn¶moJ Ho$ ~mX ^r {ZgJ© ‘| CnbãY (CnpñWV) h¢& ‘mZd Ho$ Or{dVmd{Y ‘|

¶o g^r {Za§Va CnbãY hmoZo Ho$ H$maU, BZ g§gmYZm| H$mo Z{dH$aUr¶ g§gmYZ

H$hVo h¢&

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2. AZ{dH$aUr¶ g§gmYZ

H$mo¶bm, noQ´>mob, {S>Oob Am¡a Z¡g{J©H$ J¡g Am{X g§gmYZ {Za§Va D$n¶moJ H$aVo

ahZo go IË‘ hmo OmVo h¢& Eogo g§gmYZm| H$m Z{dH$aU Ag§^d h¢& Bg{bE BÝho§

AZ{dH$aUr¶ g§gmYZ H$aVo h¢&

{ZåZ {b{IV g§gmYZm| H$mo g§~§{YV ~mñHo$Q> _| gabaoIm ItMH$a S>m{b¶o:-

H$mo¶bm

bmohm

noQ´>mob

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nmZr

Am³grOZ

O§Jb (dZ)

gmoZm (ñdU©)

dÝ¶ Ordr

gm¡a D$Or

AZ{dH$aUr¶ g§gmYZ

Z{dH$aUr¶ g§gmYZ

g§gmYZ

A~VH$ AmnZo Z¡g{J©H$ g§gmYZm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| AÜ¶¶Z {H$¶m h¡& A~ Z{dH$aUr¶

g§gmYZm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| g{dñVma go grIo§Jo&

gm¡aD$Om©

gy¶© go àmá D$Om© hr gm¡aD$Om© h¡& n¥Ïdr na D$îU Am¡a àH$me H$m ‘w»¶ òmoV

h¡& gy¶© go h‘| àH$me Am¡a D$î‘m àmá hmoVr h¡& Amn OmZVo h¢ {H$ noS>-nm¡Yo gm¡a

D$Om© H$m Cn¶moJ H$aHo$ AnZm Amhma b¡¶ma H$aVo h¡&

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� gm¡a D$Om© H$m Cn¶moJ H$aHo$ {H$¶o OmZodmbr {H«$¶mAm| H$s gyMr ~ZmB©E&

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______________________ ___ ________________________

______________________ ___ ________________________

______________________ ___ ________________________

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Bgo H$aHo$ Xo{IE: Xmo ~V©Z br{O¶o, {OZ‘| {‘Å>r ar hÿB© h¡& ha EH$ ~V©Z ‘| EH$-EH$ go‘ H$m ~rO S>m{b¶o& EH$ dV©Z H$mo gy¶© àH$me ‘| a{I¶o Am¡a Xÿgao ~V©Z H$mo EH$ A§Yoao H$moR>S>r ‘| a{I¶o& XmoZmo ~V©Zm| H$mo à{V{XZ nmZr go gt{M¶o& n§Ðh {XZm| Ho$ ~mX CZ XmoZm| ‘o§ ³¶m ³¶m n[adV©Z hþAm h¡, CgH$m {ZarjU H$s[O¶o& Amn Ho$ {ZarjU H$mo {bIH$a a{I¶o&

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gm¡a D$Om© Ho$ ~mao ‘| A{YH$ kmZ Amn {dñ‘¶H$mar D$Om© Zm‘H$ KQ>H$ ‘| nm¶|Jo&

nmZr Am¡a dm¶w r Z¡g{J©H$ g§gmYZ h¢& BZHo$ ~mao ‘| AJbo AÜ¶m¶m| ‘| nT>oJ|&

{‘Å>r

h‘ {‘Å>r na MbVo h¢& h‘ {‘Å>r na ahVo h¢& nmZr H$s Vah {‘Å>r ^r

Z{dH$aUr¶ g§gmYZ h¡& noS>-nm¡Ym| H$s d¥{Õ Ho$ {b¶o {‘Å>r H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡& Amn

OmZVo h¢ {H$ noS>-nm¡Yo AnZo Amhma H$mo V¡¶ma H$aZo Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ nmZr Am¡a

Im{ZO (bdU) {‘Å>r go àmá H$aVo h¢& {‘Å>r Ho$ ~mao ‘| A{YH$ OmZH$mar Amn

CÀM H$jmAm| ‘o§ grIo§Jo&

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y {_Q²>Q>r H$mo H$m¡Z-H$m¡Zgo H$m`m] Ho$ {bE Cn`moJ H$aVo h¢ {b{IE&

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H$s naV V¡¶ma hmoZo Ho$ {b¶o 500 go 1500 df© bJVo h¡& ~hVm nmZr, ~hVr hdm Am¡a AÝ¶ Or{d¶m| go {ebmAm| H$m {eWbrH$aU go {‘Å>r ~ZVr h¢&

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_______________ ________________ ________________

_______________ ________________ ________________

nT>H$a-OmZ br{OE : g‘ñVar¶ H¥$fr : {‘Å>r Ho$ Anj¶ H$mo amoH$Zo {b¶o ^y‘r Ho$ AmH$ma Ho$ AZwgma H¥${f H$aZm&

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dZdÝ¶ àmUr Am¡a n{j¶m| H$m Z¡g{J©H$ Amdmg dZ (O§Jb) h¡& do àmUr¶m| H$mo

Amdí¶H$ Amhma Am¡a ‘Zwî¶ H$mo AZoH$ Cn¶moJr dñVw¶| àXmZ H$aVm h¡& BZ {MÌm| H$m {ZarjU H$aHo$, dZm| Ho$ Cn¶moJm| H$s gyMr ~ZmBE:

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� ____________________________________________________

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Amn AnZo XmoñVm| Ho$ gmW dZm| Ho$ AÝ¶ Cn¶moJm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| MMm© H$s{OE&

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dZm| H$m g§ajU

no‹S>m| Ho$ H$Q>md H$m {Z¶§ÌU, dZm| H$m nwZ… {Z‘m©U dZm| Ho$ CËnÞm| H$m ghr Cn¶moJ, dZ ‘| bJZodmbr AmJ amoH$Zo Ho$ {bE noS> H$s S>m{b¶m| H$mo H$mQ>Zm Am{X Cnm¶m| go dZm| H$m g§ajU H$a gH$Vo h¡&

dZm| H$m g§ajU H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o gaH$ma Zo am{ï´>¶ dZ Zr{V H$mo 1988 ‘| n[aîH¥$V [H$¶m h¡ Am¡a dZm| Ho$ g§dY©Z Am¡a g§ajU Ho$ {b¶o AZoH$ H$X‘ CR>m¶o h¢&

nT>H$a-OmZ br{OE :

y gaH$ma dZ {d^mJ Ûmam amï´>r>¶ dZm| H$m {Zd©hU Am¡a g§ajU H$aVm h¡&

y J«m‘ n§Mm¶V Am¡a ñWmZr¶ bmoJm| H$m g‘yh (g‘wXm¶) gm‘m{OH$ dZm| H$s ajm H$aVo h¢&

y am{îQ´>¶ CÚmZ Am¡a dÝ¶Ordr-g§ajU Ym‘mo§ H$m nVm bJmH$a, CZHo$ dZ àXoe H$o$ gmW dÝ¶ Or{d¶m| H$s ^r ajm H$s OmVr h¡& CXmhaU : ~Þoê$KÅ> Am¡a ~ÝS>rnwa dZàXoem| H$mo AZoH$ H$mZyZ ~ZmH$a CZH$s ajm H$s OmVr h¡& noS>m| H$mo H$mQ>Zm, dZ bH$S>r H$s VñH$ar, dÝ¶ àmUr¶m| H$m {eH$ma H$aZm H$mZyZr AnamY h¢&

y Hw$N> Ym{‘©{H$ {dídmg Am¡a AmMaU (añ‘o) ^r dZ g§ajU ‘| ghm¶H$ ~ZVo h¡&

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nT>H$a-OmZ br{OE :

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nT>H$a-OmZ br{OE : d¥j‘mVm Ho$ Zm‘ go Xoeâ Ho$»¶m{V àmá gmbw‘aX {Vå‘³H$ h‘mao H$Zm©Q>H$ H$s Jm¡admpÝdV gwnwÌr h¡& Vw‘Hy$a {Oëhm Ho$ Jwã~r VmbwH$

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n[aga ({ZgJ©) Ho$ à{V CZH$s bJmd H$mo XoIH$a, gm¡ go A{YH$ nwañH$ma XoH$a CZH$mo gå‘m{ZV {H$¶m J¶m& {OZ‘| Hw$N> à‘wI nwañH$ma h¡ -

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n[aga Ho$ g§ajU ‘| nyao {díd H$mo EH$ AZwH$aUr¶ CXmhaU gmbw‘aX {Vå‘³H$m h¡& ³¶m|{H$ n[aga Ho$ à{V CgH$s {ZîR>m Am¡a CgH$s ajm Ho$ à{V lÕm AÝ¶moÝ¶ Am¡a AZwH$aUr¶ h¡&

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Cggo CZH$m AZdrH$aUr¶ g§gmYZ _| YH$o$b XoVo h¡& ¶h h‘mam H$V©ì¶ h¡ {H$ Eogo, Xþb^© dÝ¶ àOm{V¶m| H$s ajm H$aZr Mm{hE&

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AmnZo Z{dH$aUr¶ g§gmYZ Ho$ ~mao ‘| AÜ¶m¶Z {H$¶m h¡& A~ Hw$N> AZ{dH$aUr¶ g§gmYZm| Ho$ ~mao ‘§ AÜ¶¶Z H$aoJ|&

B§YZ

do nXmW© Omo ObZo na D$î‘m D$Om© XoVo h¢, CÝho B§YZ H$hVo h¡&

CXmhaU: dmhZ H$mo MbmZm, ^moOZ V¡¶ma H$aZm

y dmhZ H$mo MbmZo Ho$ {b¶o Cn¶mo{JV VrZ B§YZm| Ho$ Zm‘ _____________ _____________ _____________

y Ka ‘| ^moOZ V¡¶ma H$aZo Ho$ {bE Cn¶mo{JV VrZ B§YZm| Ho$ Zm‘ _____________ _____________ _____________

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eara Am³grOZ Ho$ {~Zm gS>H$a ({d^{OV hmoH$a) ~ZZodmbo nXmW© Ordmí‘ B§YZ

h¡& BZ‘| noQ´>mo{b¶‘², àmH¥${VH$ J¡g Am¡a H$mo¶bm à‘wI Ordmí‘ B§YZ h¡&

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nXmW© (I{ZO) h¡& {ebmAm| Ho$ naVm| Ho$ VbN>Q> ‘| g§J«{hV ‘¥V Or{d¶m| Ho$

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~Zm h¡&

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‘bm‘, dma{Zg a§J, {bnpñQ>H$, amgm¶{ZH$ ImX, d¡g{bZ O¡br Am{X V¡¶ma H$aZo

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~Xbo ‘| dmhZm| ‘| B§YZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| Cn¶moJ H$aVo h¡&

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nT>H$a-OmZ br{OE : Kamo| ‘| Amn agmoB© J¡g Cn¶moJ H$aVo hþE XoIo hm|Jo& Bgo Ð{dV noQ´>mo{b¶‘² J¡g (Liquified Petrolem Gas-LPG) noQ´>mo{b¶‘² AWdm AmÐ© àmH¥${VH$ J¡g H$mo g§ñH$m[aV H$aHo$ Bg àmá H$aVo h¢&

y H$mo¶bm : bmIm| dfmoª nyd© ^yJ^© ‘| bwá (g‘m¶o J¶o) noS>-nm¡Ym| Ho$ Adeof nyU©V… Z gS>H$a AWdm nyU© ê$n go {d^m{OV Z hmoH$a {ebmAm| Ho$ naVm| Ho$ ZrMo Cg Xm~ Am¡a Vmn‘mZ Ho$ H$maU H$mo¶bm ‘| n[adV©Z hþAm h¡& {dÚwV CËnmXZ ‘| Bgo B§YZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| Cn¶moJ H$aVo h¢& Am¡Úmo{JH$ joÌ ‘| Bgo D$Om© Ho$ ê$n ‘| D$n¶moJ H$aVo h¢&BZHo$ CXmhaU Xr{OE :R>mog B§YZ : ______________

Ðd B§YZ : ______________

J¡g B§YZ : ______________

BZ B§YZm| H$m g§ajU H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o (~MmZo Ho$ {b¶o) H$m¡Zgo Cnm¶ Amn gy{MV H$a|Jo Am¡a CÝh| ¶hm± na {b{IE :

agmoB© J¡g noQ´>mob/{S>Oob

nT>H$a-OmZ br{OE : B§YZm| Ho$ A{V Cn¶moJ go n¶m©daU H$mo j{V nhþ±MVr h¡& BZ {XZm| ‘| Ordmí_ B§YZm| Ho$ n¶m©¶ ê$n ‘o gm¡a D$Om© Ho$ Cn¶moJ Ho$ ~mao ‘| à`ËZ hmo ahm h¡&

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I{ZO g§gmYZZ¡g{J©H$ - XrKm©d{Y à{H«$¶mAm| go n¥Ïdr (^y‘r) Ho$ A§Xa I{ZO ~ZVo h¢&

I{ZO ¶h {ebmAm| ‘| àmá hmoVo h¢& A¶ñH$ (H$ƒr YmVw) Ho$ ê$n ‘| BÝho ~mha {ZH$mbH$a, H$maImZm| ‘| ewÕ H$aHo$, YmVwAm| H$m {ZîH$f©U {H$¶m OmVm h¢&

CXmhaU : bmoh A¶ñH$ (H$ƒrYmVw) go bmoho H$m {ZîH$f©U H$aZm (AbJ H$aZm)Aë¶w{‘{Z¶‘², Vm§~m, Mm±Xr Am{X YmVwAmo| H$mo CZHo$ A¶ñH$ go {ZîH$m{fV {H$¶m

OmVm h¡& nX ghm¶

A¶ñH$ (H$ƒrYmVw) : ¶h àH¥${V ‘| àmá hmoZodmbm ~hÿn¶mo{J nXmW© h¡& BgHo$ g§¶moOZ H$mo amgm¶{ZH$ gyÌ Ûmam ì¶³V H$aVo h¢&

� {ZåZ {MÌm| H$mo XoIH$a, I{ZOm| Ho$ Cn¶moJ ~VmB©¶o:

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{dMma H$s{O¶o : ¶{X I{ZO Zhr§ hmoVo Vmo, ³¶m hmoVm Wm?

AmnHo$ Kam| ‘| Cn¶mo{JV hmoZodmbo I{ZOm| Ho$ ~ma| ‘| AnZr H$jm H$mo ~VmB©E&

nT>H$a-OmZ br{OE : Imbr hþE I{ZO g§gmYZ Z¡g{J©H$ ê$n go dmng ^Vu hmoZo Ho$ {b¶o, n¥Ïdr (^y‘r) Ho$ A§Xa hmoZodmbr d¡km{ZH$ à{H«$¶mAm| na {Z^©a ahVm h¡& I{ZO V¡¶ma hmoZo ‘o bmIm| df© bJVo

h¢& Bg{b¶o BÝho {‘Vì¶`Vm go ({H$’$m¶V go) Cn¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE&

y ZrMo {X¶o J¶o Z¡g{J©H$ g§gmYZm| Ho$ Cn¶moJ {b{IE :Z¡g{J©H$ g§gmYZ D$n¶moJ

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dZ (O§Jb) _____________________________

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gm¡a D$Om© _____________________________

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àmUr _____________________________

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Orde‘ B§YZ _____________________________

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I{ZO _____________________________

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y AmnHo$ Ka Ho$ {Z‘m©U ‘| Cn¶mo{JV hmoZodmbr dñVwAmo§ H$s gyMr V¡¶ma {H${OE& Bg gyMr ‘| ahZodmbo Z¡g{J©H$ g§gmYZm| H$mo (3) {MÝh Ûmam ~VmB©E& Bggo AmnH$mo ³¶m nVm bJVm h¡?

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y h‘mar Amdí¶H$VmAm| Ho$ AZwgma Amdí¶H$ ¶o g§gmYZ g^r àXoem| ‘| g‘mZê$n go àmá Zhr§ hmoVo h¢& CnbãY g§gmYZm| H$s JwUdÎmm ‘| ^r A§Va ah gH$Vm h¡& h‘mar Amdí¶H$Vm go A{YH$ BZ g§gmYZm| H$m A{V Cn¶moJ hmoZo go, BZ {XZm| BZ H$m A^md (H$‘r) ‘hgyg hmoVm h¡& ¶hr nar[ñW{V ~Zr aho Vmo, ^{dî¶ ‘| H$wN> g§gmYZ àmá Zhr§ hmoJ|& AV… BZ g§gmYZm| H$mo {H$’$m¶V go

Cn¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE Am¡a g§^dZr¶ hmoVmo CZH$m nwZ… Cn¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE&

nT>H$a-OmZ br{OE

· Z¡g{J©H$ g§gmYZ h‘mar Amdí¶H$VmAm| Ho$ {b¶o, Z {H$ h‘mar ñdmW©âr BÀN>mAm| H$mo nyÎmu H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o h¡& y Z¡g{J©H$ g§gmYZ H$m {H$’$m¶V go Cn¶moJ H$aHo$ Z¡g{J©H$ g§VwbZ ~Zm¶o a{I¶o&

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³¶m AmnH$mo ‘mby‘ h¡?

� nhbo nd©V, dZ, I{ZO, àmUr, {‘Å>r, nmZr A{XH$mo Z¡g{J©H$ g§gmYZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| ‘mZVo Wo& bo{H$Z AmO H$s narpñW{V ‘| BgH$m ì¶mnH$ ({dñg¥V) AW© hmo J¶m h¡& g§gmYZ eãX H$m AW© g‘¶ Ho$ AZwgma ~XbVm ahVm h¡&

� EH$ g‘¶ ‘| EH$ dñVw H$mo g§gmYZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| ‘mÝ¶Vm h¡ Vmo, Xÿgao g‘¶ ‘| n[adV©Zerb n[a[ñW{V Ho$ H$maU Cgo g§gmYZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| ‘mZVo Zht h¡& CXmhaU: AmO H$s napñV{V ‘o Z¡g{J©H$ J¡g EH$ g§gmYZ h¡& hOmam| df© nhbo bmoJm| Ho$ {bE ¶h g§gmYZ Zhr Wm&

� n¥Ïdr Ho$ ha ñWmZ na àmá hmoZodmbo gy¶© àH$me, nmZr, {‘Å>r H$mo gd©ì¶mnr g§gmYZ H$hVo h¡&

� ¶{X dZm| Ho$ g§gmYZm| H$mo ObmD$ bH$S>r Am¡a bH$S>r Ho$ bÅ>m| Ho$ ê$n ‘| Cn¶moJ H$aVo h¡ Vmo, CÝho Xþ~mam Cn¶moJ Zhr§ H$a gH$Vo h¢& BgHo$ n[aUm‘ ñdén dZ EH$ AZdrH$aUr¶ g§gmYZ ~Z OmVm h¡& A{YH$ noS>-nm¡Ymo§ H$mo bJmZm Am¡a bH$S>r Ho$ Cn¶moJ ‘| {‘bì¶¶Vm bmZo go, dZ H$mo EH$ ZdrH$aU g§gmYZ ~Zm gH$Vo h¢&

� g‘wÐ Ho$ Z‘{H$Z nmZr H$mo AmOH$b nrZo ¶mo½¶ nmZr ~ZmZo Ho$ AZoH$ {dYmZ àM{bV h¡& bo{H$Z ¶o {dYmZ A{YH$ I{M©bo h¢& ‘mZd ‘| Nw>nr hþB© A§mV[aH$ ~w{Õe{³V, {H«$¶m{ebVm, H$m¡ebVm, gm¢X¶© àkm Am{X H$mo ^r EH$ àH$ma H$m g§gmYZ H$h gH$Vo h¢&

y

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AÜ¶m¶ - 6

dm¶w

Z¡g{J©H$ g§gmYZm| ‘| dm¶w ^r EH$ h¡& n¥Ïdr Ho$ Mmam| Va’$ dm¶w H$s naV go Amd[aV h¢, {Ogo dm¶w‘§S>b H$hVo h¡& dm¶w ¶h AZoH$ J¡gm| H$m (A{Zbm|H$m) {‘lU h¡ Omo noS>-nm¡Yo Am¡a àmUr¶m| Ho$ Or{dV ahZo Ho$ {b¶o, A{V Amdí¶H$ h¡&

Bg nmR> H$mo grIZo Ho$ ~mX Vw‘, � dm¶w Ho$ ApñVËd Ho$ ~mao ‘| à¶moJm| go OmZmoJo& � dm¶w Ho$ KQ>H$ OmZmoJo& � dm¶w Ho$ Hw$N> JwUY‘m] H$mo à¶moJm| Ûmam OmZmoJo& � dm¶w Ho$ Cn`moJ OmZ bmoJo& � dm¶w àXþfU (‘m{bÝ¶) H$m AW©, H$maU, n[aUm‘ Am¡a Cnm¶ (n[ahma) Ho$ ~mao ‘| MMm© H$amoJo&

y dm¶w h‘| {XImB© Zhr§ XoVr h¡& bo{H$Z CgH$s CnpñW{V H$m AZw^d hmoVm h¡& Amn H¡$go H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$ h‘mao Mmam| Va’$ dm¶w h¡? Bg {df¶ na VrZ dm³¶ {b{I¶o&

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nT>H$a-OmZ br{OE : h‘ ídgZ {H«$¶m ‘| dm¶w ‘| go Am³grOZ J¡g H$mo boVo h¡& ídgZ {H«$¶m Ho$ {~Zm h‘ Or{dV ah Zhr§ gH$Vo& h‘mao O¡go noS>-nm¡Yo Am¡a àm{U¶m| H$mo r ídgZ Ho$ {b¶o Am³grOZ Mm{hE&

B§KZ H$mo ObZo Ho$ {b¶o Am³grOZ Mm{hE& BZHo$ Abdm dm¶w go h‘| AZoH$ Cn¶moJ h¡& BZHo$ ~mao ‘| Amn AJbr H$jmAm| ‘| nT>oJ|&

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dm¶w ¶h Am³grOZ (21%), Z¡Q´>moOZ (78%) H$m~©Z-S>¡-Am³gmB©S> (0.04%) Ob^mîn (nmZr H$m A§e) {ZpîH«$¶ J¡g (OS> J¡g) Am¡a Yyb (0.96%) Ho$ {‘lU go ~Zr h¡&

H$m~©Z-S>¡-Am³gmB©S> (0.04%)

AmH$grOZ (21%)

Z¡Q´>moOZ (78

%)

Omb^mîn, {ZpîH«$¶ J¡g Am¡a Yyb (0.96%)

Cnamo³V {MÌ _| dm¶w Ho$ g§¶moOZ H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$s{OE Am¡a {ZåZ àíZm| H$m CÎma {b{I¶o:-

1. dm¶w ‘| g~go A{YH$ à‘mU ‘| H$m¡Zgr J¡g h¡?

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2. dm¶w ‘| h‘mao ídgZ H$mo Amdí¶H$ J¡g H$m à‘mU {H$VZm h¡?

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3. gm‘mÝ¶V dm¶w ‘| H$m~©Z-S>¡-Am³gmB©S> H$m à‘mU {H$VZm ahVm h¡?

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4. dm¶w ‘| AË¶§V H$‘ ‘mÌm ‘| ahZodmbm A§e (KQ>H$>) H$m¡Zgm h¡?

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Bgo H$s{OE: EH$ H$m±M Ho$ {Jbmg Ho$ Vb _| ewîH$ H$mJO H$o$ Qw>HS>o X~mB©E& {Jbmg H$mo CëQ>m H$aHo$, AmH¥${V ‘| ~Vm¶o AZwgma nmZr go âo Zm§X (Hw§$S>m) ‘| gmdYm{Z go X~mB©E&

{ZarjU H$s{O¶o H$s ³¶m hmoVm h¡? ³¶m {Jbmg ‘| nmZr âVm h¡? ³¶m {Jbmg ‘| aIm hþAm H$mJO H$m Qw>H$S>m {^JVm h¡? Zht& Eogm ³¶m|

A~ {Jbmg H$mo WmoS>mgm PwH$mB©E& Amn ³¶m XoIVo h¢? dm¶w H$s ~y§Xo {Jbmg go ~mha {ZH$bVr h¡ Am¡a nmZr A§Xa OmZo bJVm h¡& ¶h H¡$go g§^d hmoVm h¡?

Imbr {Jbmg dmñVd$ ‘| Imbr Zhr§ h¡& dh dm¶w go âm h¡& nmZr go âo Zm§X ‘| O~ {Jbmg H$mo CëQ>m X~m¶m J¶m, dm¶w ~mha AmVr h¡ Am¡a nmZr {Jbmg ‘| A§Xa OmVm h¡& Bg à¶moJ go Amn H$mo ³¶m OmZH$mar àmá hmoVr h¡?

gmo{ME : {H$gr dmhZ H$m Q>m¶a O~

n§H$Ma hmoVm h¡, ³¶m hmoVm h¡?

Mwëho ‘| bH$S>r ObZo Ho$ {b¶o ³¶m {H$¶m Om ahm h¡? Bg go AmnH$mo ³¶m ‘mby‘ hmoVm h¡? ¶hm± na br{IE :

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� aoImAm| H$mo ItMH$a Omo{S>E :

dñVwAm| Ho$ ObZo ‘| dm`w

ghm¶Vm H$aVm h¡&

dm¶w AdH$me J«hU H$aVr h¡&

dm¶w H$m ^ma hmoVm h¡&

dm¶w H$s D$Om© Ho$ Cn¶moJm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| {dñ‘¶H$mar D$Om© Zm‘H$ nmR> ‘| nT>oJ|&

~hVr dm¶w H$mo VoO hdm H$hVo h¡& VoO hdm ‘¢ Anma D$Om© hmoVr h¢&

BZ KQ>ZmAm| go Amn ³¶m grIVo h¢?

y e{³Vembr VoO hdm (Am±Yr) go Kam| Ho$ N>V CS> OmVo h¢&

y ~mha amñVo na MbVo g‘¶, H$^r-H$^r h‘ ‘hgyg H$aVo h¢ {H$ VoO hdm h‘| ‹THo$b ahr h¡&

y O~ VoO hdm ~hVr h¡, V~ ~mha gwIm¶o J¶o H$nS>o B©Ya-CYa {VVa-{^Va hmo OmVo h¢¡&

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80

y EH$ Q>m¶a Ho$ Q>¶y~ Ho$ A§Xa H$s hdm, ~mha {ZH$mbr OmVr h¡ Vmo, dmhZ AmJo Zht OmVm&

y e{³Vembr VoO hdm (Am±Yr) go Zm[a`b Ho$ noS> PwbVo h¢& y nV§J AmH$me ‘| Cna VH$$ CS>Vo h¡&

H$maImZm| Am¡a dmhZm| go {ZH$bm hþAm Kw±Am, dñVw Am¡a ’$Q>mHo$ ObmZo go dm¶w àXÿ{fV (‘m{bÝ¶) hmoVm h¡&

‘Zwî¶ Am¡a AÝ¶ Or{d¶m| H$mo hm{Z nhþ±MmZodmbo amgm¶{ZH$ H$U (nXmW©), Yyb, A{Vgyú‘ Or{d dm`w ‘| {‘{lV hmoZm hr dm¶w àXÿfU h¡& H$maImZm| Am¡a

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81

dmhZm| go {ZH$bo KwE| ‘| ahZodmbo amgm¶{ZH$ Am¡a A{Vgwú_ H$U O~ dm¶w ‘| {‘{lV hmoVo h¡, dm¶w àXþ{fV hmoVr h¡& Bggo öX¶amoJ, H¡$Ýga ídmg g§~§{YV g‘ñ¶m¶| AmqX hmoVr h¢& noS>-nm¡Ym| H$s d¥{Õ Am¡a CZgo hmoZodmbo CËnÞm| na ~wam à^md nS>Vm h¡& Bggo Hw$N> àmUr¶m| H$s àOm{V¶m§ ^r gd©Zme hmo OmVr h¡& g^r Or{d¶m| H$mo dm¶w H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoZo Ho$ H$maU, h_| dm¶w àXþfU H$mo amoH$Zm Mm{hE& AV… h‘| dm¶w àXþfU H$mo amoH$Zo Ho$ {b¶o ¶mo½¶ Am¡a Amdí¶H$ H$X‘ CR>mZm Mm{hE&

� AmnHo$ {ejH$ AWdm Ka ‘| ~S>o bmoJm| H$s ghm¶Vm go dm¶w àXþf©U H$mo amoH$Zo Ho$ H$moB© Xmo Cnm` br{I¶o:

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nT>H$a-OmZ br{OE : dm¶w àXþfU H$mo amoH$Zo Ho$ {b¶o AnZmò OmZodmbo Hw$N> H«$‘ Bg àH$ma h¡&

y H$maImZm| Ûmam ~mha CËg{O©V amgm¶{ZH$ AZwn¶w³V nXmW© H$mo dm¶w ‘| {d{bZ hmoZo go amoH$Zm Mm{h¶o AWdm {Z¶§ÌU H$aZm Mm{hE&

y H$maImZm| ‘| D±$Mr-D±$Mr {M‘{Z¶m± {Z{‘©V H$aZo go Yw±Ao H$mo ~hþV D±$MmB© na N>moS> gH$Vo h¡&

y H$mo¶bm, {S>Oob Am¡a noQ´>mob Ho$ ~Xbo J¡g-B§YZ H$m Cn¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE& y Yw±Am {Z¶§ÌU ì¶dñWm H$mo AnZmZm Mm{hE& y gmd©O{ZH$ dmhZ ì¶dñWm D$n¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE& y gm¡a D$Om©, Ob{dYwV D$Om© òmoVm| H$m D$n¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE& y OZ Amdmg àXoem| Ho$ ZOXrH$ nXmWm] H$mo ObmZm Zhr§ Mm{hE&

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dm¶w àXþf©U H$mo Ü¶mZ _| aIVo hþE {ZåZ ¶w½‘ {MÌm| ‘| ghr Am¡a JbV H$mo nhMm{ZE& H$maU {b{IE&

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83

nmR> - 7

nmZrnoS>-nm¡Yo Am¡a àmUr¶m| Ho$ OrdZ Ho$ {bE nmZr AË`mdí`H$ h¡& nmZr Ho$ {~Zm

’$gb ^r D$JmB© Zhr OmVr h¡& g^r Ho$ {b¶o nmZr H$s ‘m¡{bH$ Amdí¶H$Vm h¡& nmZr Ho$ AZoH$ Cn¶moJ h¡& AV… nmZr EH$ ‘hËdnyU© g§gmYZ h¡& Bgo OrdZ Ðd H$hVo h¡& n¥Ïdr H$m 71% n¥îR>^mJ nmZr go Amd¥V h¡&

Bg nmR> H$mo grIZo Ho$ ~mX Vw‘, � nmZr Ho$ CX²J‘ (òmoV) Ho$ ~mao ‘| OmZmoJo& � nmZr Ho$ ^m¡{VH$ JwUm| H$mo OmZmoJo& � nmZr H$s O¡{dH$ à‘wIVm H$s àe§gm OmZmoJo& � nmZr H$s ‘hÎmVm Am¡a ga§jU Ho$ {dYmZm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| OmZmoJo& � gm§àXm¶r Am¡a AmYw{ZH$ nmZr ga§jU {dYmZm| H$mo OmZmoJo&

{nN>br H$jmAm| _| n‹T>o hþE n¥Ïdr na nmZr Ho$ {dVaU H$mo ñ_aU H$s{OE& {ZåZ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma {b{IE : y n¥Ïdr na g~go Á¶mXm nmZr H$hm± na h¡?

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y Cn¶moJ {H$¶oOmZodmbo VmOonmZr (‘rR>m nmZr) H$m à‘mU {H$VZm h¡?

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y ‘rR>onmZr Ho$ òmoÌ (CX²J‘) H$m¡Zgo h¢?

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y ¶hm± na AmnH$mo ‘mby‘ nmZr Ho$ òmoVm| Ho$ ~mao _| {b{IE&

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dfm© (~agmV) ¶h nmZr H$m à‘wI òmoV h¡&

AÝ¶ òmoVm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| OmZH$mar àmßV

H$aoJ|&

g‘wÐ

n¥Ïdr na nmZr H$m g~go ~‹S>m òmoV

g‘wÐ h¡&

{MÌ ‘| ½bmo~ H$s Va’$ Xo{IE& n¥Ïdr na Amd[aV

nmZr Ho$ ^mJ H$mo Zrboa§J Ûmam ~Vm¶m J¶m h¡&

Z{X¶m±

ZXr¶m| Ho$ nmZr H$m òmoV dfm© hr h¡& J‘u Ho$

{XZm| ‘| nd©Vm| na ahZo dmbm d’©$ ({h‘)

{nKbH$a ZXr¶m| ‘| nhþ±MVm h¡& V~ ZXr¶m±

ânya ~hVr h¢& g^r ZXr¶m± AnZo {Z{íMV

‘mJ© ‘| àdm{hV hmoH$a, A§V ‘| g‘wÐ ‘|

{‘bVr h¢&

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H$Zm©Q>H$ amÁ¶ ‘o àdm{hV à‘wI Z[X¶mo| Ho$ Zm‘ {b{I¶o:

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nmZr Ho$ PaZo n¥Ïdr Ho$ ^yn¥îR> (H«$ñQ>) Ho$ ZrMo g§J«{hV

nmZr Ho$ X~md Ho$ H$maU EH$ aÝY« Ûmam ~mha AmVm h¡, {Ogo nmZr H$m PaZm H$hVo h¡& dfm© H$m nmZr n¥Ïdr na (O‘rZ na) ahZodmbo Iwbo^mJm| go A§Xa àdoe H$aVm h¡, Am¡a A§V©Ob Ho$ ê$n ‘| g§J«{hV hmoVm h¡ Am¡a PaZo Ho$ ê$n ‘| ~mha AmVm h¡&

Hw±$E n¥Ïdr n¥îR> H$mo WmS>o JhamB©

VH$ ImoXH$a, àmá {H$¶o OmZodmbo A§V©Ob H$mo Hw±$E H$m nmZr H$hVo h¢& Hw$Am| ‘| {H$VZo àH$ma h¢? do H$m¡Zgo h¢? `hm± {b{IE

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nT>H$a-OmZ br{OE : A§V©Ob H$m AË¶m{YH$ Cn¶moJ H$aZo go, ^y{‘ Ho$ A§Xa g§J«{hV A§V©Ob IË‘ hmo ahm h¡& Bgo dmng (Xþ~mam) g§J«h H$aZo Ho$ {bE, dfr Ho$ nmZr H$mo ^y{‘ ‘| Ademo{fV hþE

O¡go H$aZm Mm{hE& h‘o A§V©Ob H$m D$n¶moJ Ho$ nmZr H$m g§J«h Am¡a nmZr H$m Xþ~mam D$n¶moJ H$aZo Ho$ {dYmZm| H$mo AnZmZm Mm{hE&

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Vmbm~ ‘mZd Ûmam H¥${Ì‘ ê$n go {Z{‘©Îm

O‘rZ Ho$ ZrMbo ñVa Ho$ mJ H$mo "Vmbm~' H$hVo h¡, Ohm± na nmZr g§J«h hmoVm h¡& ¶hm± nmZr g§J«h H$s j‘Vm H$‘ ahVr h¡& Bgo Bg Vah {Z‘m©U {H$¶m OmVm h¡ {H$ D±$Mo ^mJ go ~hH$a AmZodmbr dfm© H$m nmZr g§J«h hmoVm h¡& dfm© H$m nmZr Zm{b¶mo Ûmam ~hH$a Vmbm~ H$mo nhþ±MVm h¡&

Obme¶ZXr¶m| na Amanma ~m±Y ~m±YH$a nyao

df© Ho$ {b¶o nmZr H$mo g§J«h H$aHo$ aIVo h¢, Vm{H$ nyao df© Ho$ {b¶o Ohm± na nmZr H$s H$‘r hmoVr h¡, dhm± CnbãY {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Am¡a ~hþCÔo{e¶ ¶moOZmAm| H$mo r nmZr H$s AmnyVu H$s OmVr h¡& BZ‘| AË¶{YH$ ‘mÌm ‘| nmZr g§Jh H$aZo H$s j‘Vm hmoVr h¡ Am¡a BZH$mo Obme¶ H$hVo h¡&

H$Zm©Q>H$ amÁ¶ _| ~m±Yo J¶o Hw$N> Obme¶m| Ho$ Zm‘ {b{IE:-

1. ____________ 2. ____________

Obme¶ H$m {MÌ H$aHo$ ¶hm± na {MnH$mB©E&

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¶hm± na {X¶o J¶o {MÌm| H$s ghm¶Vm go CZHo$ ~rM Ho$ A§Vamo H$m nVm bJmB©E Am¡a [a³V ñWmZm| ‘| br{IE& ({ejH$ H$s ghm¶Vm br{OE)

A§Va Vmbm~ Obme¶

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Cn¶moJ Vmbm~ Obme¶

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gmo{ME : h‘mao ~wOwJm] Zo Vmbm~, gamoda, Q>¢H$ Am¡a Hw±$Amo Am{X Ho$ {Z‘m©U H$aHo$ nmZr H$mo g§J«h H$aVo Wo& AmO Ho$ {XZm| ~S>o-~S>o Obme¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aHo$ nmZr g§J«h {H$¶m OmVm h¡& BZ XmoZm| _| H$m¡Zgm n[aga ñZhr h¡? ³¶m|?

{ejH$ AWdm Ka Ho$ ~wOwJ© Ho$ gmW OmH$a Vmbm~, gamoda, Hw±$E AWdm Obme¶m| H$m {ZarjU H$aHo$ {ZåZ {df¶m| Ho$ ~mao ‘| OmZH$mar g§J«h H$s{OE&

* {H$g ñWmZ na dh {Z{‘©V h¡?* nmZr H¡$go g§J«h hmoVm h¡?* BZgo hmoZodmbo à¶moOZ H$m¡Zgo h¡?* df© Ho$ H$m¡Zgr Ad{Y ‘| (‘m¡g‘ ‘|) do âo hþE ahVo h¡? H$m¡Zgr Ad{Y

‘| do Imbr AWdm nmZr H$m g§J«h H$‘ ahVm h¡? ³¶m|?AmnHo$ Ka ‘| Am¡a nmR>embm ‘o nmZr H$mo {H$g ar{V go àmá H$aVo h¡? ¶hm§

na br{IE&

Ka ‘| nmR>embm ‘|

nmZr Ho$ D$n¶moJ H$s Vm{bH$m ~ZmB©E

Ka ‘| nmR>embm _|

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nT>H$a-OmZ br{OE : AmnZo nmZr Ho$ Cn¶moJ H$s gyMr Omo ~ZmB© h¡ Cg‘| ³¶m Cg_| n[adhZ Ho$ ~mao ‘| brIo h¢? nmZr na ^r bmoJ g§Mma H$aVo h¢& ZOXrH$ H$s Xÿar¶m| H$mo V¶ H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o N>moQ>r Zmd AWdm ~moQ> H$m Cn¶moJ H$aVo h¢& ‘N>br nH$S>Zo Ho$ {b¶o r ~moQ> Cn¶moJ

H$aVo h¡& Xÿa H$s Xÿar¶m± V¶ H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o OhmO H$m Cn¶moJ H$aVo h¢&

Bgo H$s{OE : EH$ H$m±M H$s ~moVb ‘o ~hVo hþE ~agmV Ho$ nmZr H$mo g§J«h H$s{OE, Am¡a EH$ Xÿgar ~moVb ‘| ~agmV Ho$ g‘¶ nmZr Ho$ ~y±Xm| H$mo grYm g§J«h H$s{OE& CZHo$ a§J Ho$ ~mao ‘| {ZarjU H$aHo$, CZHo$ ~rM H$m A§Va br{IE&

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A~ Xmo {Jbmg nmZr br{OE, Am¡a EH$ ‘| Må‘M e³H$a Am¡a Xÿgao ‘| EH$ Må‘M Z‘H$ S>m{bE& XmoZm| H$mo AÀN>r Vah {hbmH$a, CZH$m ñdmX M{IE& AmnH$mo ³¶m ‘mby‘ hmoVm h¡ Cgo br{IE&

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ewÜX nmZr a§J{hZ, J§YhrZ Am¡a ñdmXhrZ hmoVm h¡& nmZr ‘| {db¶ hmoZodmbo Z‘H$ Am¡a bdU CgHo$ ñdmX Ho$ {b¶o H$maU h¡&

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`hm± {Xò hþE H$m`©H$bmn H$mo AnZo {ejH$/nmbH$m| H$s ghm`Vm go nyU© H$s{OE& ~mX _| CZHo$ g§~§{YV H$WZ ghr (3) JbV (x) A§{H$V H$s{OE& JbV H$WZm| H$mo ghr H$aHo$ {b{IE&

H$m`©H$bmn H$WZ

∙ EH$ Imbr {Jbmg Am¡a CgHo$ g_mZ JmÌ Ho$ nmZr go âo {Jbmg hmWm| go CR>mB©E

∙ nmZr H$m ^ma hmoVm h¡& ____________________________

∙ {g{T>`m| na EH$ {Jbmg nmZr C§S>o{bE

∙ nmZr Cƒ ñWmZ go {ZåZ ñWmZ VH$ ~hVm h¡&

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∙ EH$ N>moQ>o nmÌ _| nmZr boH$a Cgo Myëho na AÀN>r Vah C~m{bE

∙ nmZr C~bZo na dh ~mîn ~ZVm h¡&

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∙ H$m§M Ho$ {Jbmg, H$m§M H$s ~moVb Am¡a H$m§M Ho$ {S>ã~o _| g_mZ à_mU H$m nmZr S>m{bE&

∙ nmZr AnZo aho nmÌ H$m AmH$ma Zht boVm

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AmnZo nmZr Ho$ ^m¡{VH$ JwUm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z {H$¶m h¡& A~ h‘ nmZr H$s O¡{dH$ à‘wIVm Ho$ ~mao ‘| AÜ¶¶Z H$a|Jo&

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91

Or{d¶m| Ho$ eara ‘| {dnwb‘mÌm ‘| nmZr h¡& noS> - nm¡Yo Am¡a àmUr Ho$ eara ‘| 70% nmZr h¡& g~go nhbm Or{dH$m CX²J‘² nmZr ‘| hr hþAm h¡& noS>-nm¡Yo Am¡a àmUr¶m| Ho$ O¡{dH$ à{H«$¶m Ho$ {b¶o nmZr Amdí¶H$ h¡& dZñn{V¶m| H$s A{^d¥{Õ Ho$ {b¶o nmZr Adí¶ Mm{hE& hao a§J Ho$ dZñn{V¶m| (gñ¶m|) H$mo Amhma V¡¶ma H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o nmZr Amdí¶H$ h¡&

gmo{ME : ¶{X noS>-nm¡Ym| H$mo, dZñn{V¶m| H$mo Amdí¶H$ ‘mÌm ‘| nmZr H$s AmnyVu Zhr hmoZo na ³¶m hmoVm h¡?

h‘mao ~wOwJ© bmoJ Bg A{V‘yë¶dmZ nmZr H$mo AnZo OrdZ H$m A{^Þ A§J

g‘PVo Wo& AnZo n[adma Ho$ g^r AmMaUm| _| (añ‘m| ‘|) nmZr H$m EH$ à‘wI

ñWmZ Ama{jV aIVo h¡& ³¶m AmnZo AnZo Ka ‘| AWdm Amgnmg nS>mog ‘| {ZarjU

{H$¶m h¡?

� AmnHo$ Ka ‘| AWdm Amgnmg Ho$ nS>mog _| nmZr H$s nyOm H$s nÜX{V hmoVmo,

dh H$m¡Zgr h¡? Am¡a ³¶m AmMaU H$aVo h¡? br{IE&

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� nmZr Ho$ òmoV (CX²J‘) ³¶m| àXÿ{fV hmoVo h¢?

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92

Ob àXÿfU (‘m{bÝ¶) :

nmZr H$mo {‘Å>r, H$Mam, H$mJO, IaIQ> (~Mm hþAm Amhma) Am{X ^m¡{VH$

ar{V go àXÿ{fV H$aVo h¢& Am¡Úmo{JH$, amgm¶{ZH$m| go {‘{lV nmZr amgm¶{ZH$ ImX,

{H«${‘ZmeH$ Am{X ‘| hm{ZH$maH$ A§e hmoVo h¢, Omo nmZr H$mo Oharbm ~Zm XoVo h¢&

Eogo nmZr H$m Cn¶moJ H$aZo go AWdm nrZo go H$mbam, A{Vgma, Am‘e§H$m (XñV)

Am{X amoJ AmVo h¢& H$^r-H$^r àmUhm{Z ^r hmoVr h¡& Xÿ{fV nmZr ObMam| H$s

g§V{V H$mo ^r Zme H$a XoVr h¡&

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93

nT>H$a-OmZ br{OE :

· Xÿ{fV nmZr go H$mbam amoJ hmoZo Ho$ ~mao ‘| Amn AÜ¶¶Z {H$¶o h¢¡& R>hao hþE nmZr ‘| ‘ÀN>am| H$s g§V{V ~T>Vr h¡& ‘ÀN>amo go ’¡$bZodmbm amoJ ‘bo[a¶m h¡&

y ßbmgVmo{S>¶‘² Zm‘H$ amoJmUw AZm{’${bg² Zm‘H$ ‘mXm ‘ÀN>a Ho$ eara _|o ahVo h¢& Eo ‘mXm ‘ÀN>a ‘mZd eara H$mo H$mQ>Zo na, ‘mZd Ho$ a³V ‘| ¶o amoJmUw àdoe H$aVo h¢ ({‘bVo h¢) V~ Cgo Áda (Vmn), R>§S> bJZm, CëQ>r hmoZm, Am¡a {gaXX© O¡go bjU {XImB© XoZo bJVo h¢& ¶hr ‘bo[a¶m amoJ h¡& ‘bo[a¶m amoJ H$s ¶mo½¶ {M{H$Ëgm Zht hmoZo na ‘m¡V ^r g§^d h¡&

Xÿ{fV nmZr H$mo H$^r ^r nrZm Zhr Mm{hE& ewÕ nmZr nrH$a h‘ AnZm

ñdmñW²¶ (Amamo½¶) H$s ajm H$a gH$Vo h¢& nrZo Ho$ {b¶o ¶mo½¶ nmZr àmá H$aZo Ho$

{b¶o Amn ³¶m H$aoJ|? AnZo ghnmR>r¶m| Ho$ gmW MMm© H$s{OE& EH$ V»Vm (MmQ>©)

V¡¶ma H$aHo$ AnZr H$jm ‘| àX{e©V H$a|&

y

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94

nmR> - 8

H¥${f

IoV‘| {H$gmZ ahVm JmVm XoImo ¶moJr H$mo hb MbmVm&&

’$b Zht MmhVm godm go nyOVm Bg bmoH$-nabmoH$ H$mo H$‘©go gmYVm&&

Ë¶mJr H$îQ> go AÝZ H$‘mVm g¥{ï>{Z¶‘ go dh ¶hm± ^moJVm&&

amîQ´>H${d Hw$d|nw go D$na {bIohþE JmZo na Jm¡a H$amo& Bg JmZo ‘| hbMbmZo dmbm, ì¶{³V ¶moJr h¡, AÝZ CËnÞ H$aZodmbm hr, Ë¶mJr h¡& ¶h H$m¡Z h¡? Vwåhmam CÎma ¶hm± {bImo&

h‘mao AÝZXmVm H$hbmZodmbo {H$gmZm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| ¶h JmZm {bIm J¶m h¡& {H$gmZm| H$m à‘wI CÚmoJ H¥${f h¡& Bg{bE {H$gmZm| H$mo H¥${fH$ ^r H$hVo h¢& AnZo OrdZ MbmZo Ho$ {bE H¥${fH$, H¥${f Ed‘² VËgå~§Yr H$m¶m] ‘| AnZo Amn H$mo bJmboVo h¢&

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95

AmAmo A~ h‘ H¥${f Ed‘² H¥${fH$m| Ho$ ~mao ‘| WmoS>r OmZH$mar àmßV H$a|&>

Bg nmR> H$mo grIZo Ho$ ~mX Vw‘,

� Amhma H$hm§ go {‘bVm h¡, Bgo H¥${f Ho$ gmonmZm| Ho$ Ûmam g‘P bmoJo&

� H¥${fH$m{‘©H$, N>moQ>o {H$gmZ, ~S>o {H$gmZm| Ho$ H$m‘ VWm g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo OmZH$a n[ahmamonm¶m| H$mo gy{MV H$amoJo&

� O¡{dH$ H¥${f Ed§ amgm¶{ZH$ H¥${f H$m AW© g‘PH$a CZHo$ ~rM H$m A§Va nhMmZmoJo&

� ~m[ae na AmYm[aV H¥${f^y{‘, qgMmB© H¥${f ^y{‘ H$o$ ~mao ‘| g‘PbmoJo&

� ~y±X qgMmB© Am¡a {MS>H$md qgMmB© H$mo g‘P H$a XmoZm| qgMmB© nÕ{V ‘| CJZodmbo ’$gbm| H$s gyMr V¡¶ma H$amoJo&

� H¥${f ^y{‘ ‘| AnZm¶oOmZodmbo gm§{ÐV H¥${f, {‘lH¥${f Am¡a ~mJmZr H¥${f Ho$ ~mao ‘| OmZH$mar nmAmoJo&

� YmÝ¶ g§J«mhH$ AmYw{ZH$ Am¡a gm§àXm{¶H$ {dYmZm|/gmYZm| H$mo nhMmZmoJo&

ñ_aU H$s{OE : IoV-^yIÊS>H$m| ‘o H$m‘ H$aZodmbo bmoJm| H$mo XoImo& CZgo - {H$¶oOmZodmbo H$m‘m| H$mo ¶mX H$amo/ drjU H$amo& CZH$s ¶hm± gyMr V¡¶ma H$amo&

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2. ________________________________________________

3. ________________________________________________

4. ________________________________________________

5. ________________________________________________

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BgHo$ {ZåZ H$Zm©Q>H$ Ho$ {Obm| H$s à‘wI ’$gbm| H$s gyMr Xr JB© h¡& Y¶mZ Xmo&

H«$.g§ {Obm à‘wI ’$gb|

1. ~rXa VwAa, Johÿ±, Omodma, JÝZm

2. H$b~waJr VwAa, Johÿ±, Omodma, ~mOam, MZm, H$nmg

3. {dO¶na VwAa, Johÿ±, Omodma, ~mOam, MZm, JÝZm, A§Jya

4. ¶mX{Jar Omodma, ~mOam, VwAa, Johÿ±, YmZ, JÝZm

5. ~obJm±d JÝZm, Omodma, Johÿ±, MZm, ‘y±J’$br, H$nmg, Vå~mHw$

6. ~mJbH$mo{Q> JÝZm, Johÿ±, Omodma, ~mOam, MZm

7. am¶Mya YmZ, H$nmg, Omodma, ~mOam, MZm gmo¶m~rZ

8. CÎma H$ÝZS> YmZ, Zm[a¶b, gwnmar, BbmÀMr, H$mbr{‘M©, H$mOy

9. YmadmS> H$nmg, Omodma, Johÿ±, YmÝ¶,JÝZm

10. JXJ Omodma, Johÿ±, ‘y±J’$br, H$nmg, JÝZm

11. H$moßnb YmZ, H$nmg, ~mOam, VwAa, JÝZm, ‘y±J

12. hmdoar H$nmg, JÝZm, {garYmÝ`, Omodma, gy¶©H$m§{V

13. ~„mar Omodma, H$nmg, JÝZm, YmZ, VwAa, gy¶©H$m§{V

14. {ed‘mo½Jm gwnmar, amJr, Zm[a¶b, YmZ, H$nmg

15. XmdUJoao H$nmg, YmZ, ‘H$B©, ~mOam, JÝZm

16. CSw>nr YmZ, Zm[a¶b, Johÿ±, H$mbr{‘M©, H$mOy

17. {M³H$‘Jbyê$ amJr, H$m’$s, YmÝ¶, Oram, Mm¶, H$mbr{‘M©

18. {MÌXþJ© ‘y±JH$br, ‘H$B©, Omodma, Oram, MZm

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19. X{jU H$ÝZS> YmZ, Zm[a¶b, gwnmar, H$mbr{‘M©, H$mOy, H$m\$s

20. hmgZ YmZ, bmo{~¶m, amJr, Vå~mHy$, H$m’$s, JÝZm

21. Vw‘Hy$é amJr, ‘y±J’$br, Zm[a¶b, VwAa, ‘y±J, Ho$bm

22. {M¸$~„mnwa bmo{~¶m, amJr, ehVyV

23. H$moS>Jw H$m’$s, g§Vao, a~S>, H$mbr{‘M©, amJr, YmZ

24. ‘¡gyé YmZ, amJr, MZm, Vå~mHy$, JÝZm, ‘y±J’$br

25. ‘ÊS>¶m YmZ, amJr, JÝZm, bmo{~¶m

26. am‘ZJa amJr, ehVyV, bmo{~¶m, go_, Am‘

27. ~|Jbyé J«m‘rU amJr, go_, Zm[a¶b, A§Jya

28. ~|Jbyé eha amJr, bmo{~¶m

29. H$mobma amJr, bmo{~¶m, ehVyV

30. Mm‘amOZJa amJr, Omodma, ehVyV, go_, JÝZm

Vwåhmao {Obo Ho$ à‘wI ’$gbm| H$s gyMr ~ZmAmo&

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Vwåhmao {Obo Ho$ à‘wI ’$gbm| H$s gyMr ~ZmB©, h¡ Zm? ’$gbm| H$mo H¥${f ^y{‘ ‘| CJmZo Ho$ {bE H$B© gm‘mÝ¶ gmonmZm| H$m AZwgaU {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

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98

BZ {MÌm| na Ü¶mZ Xmo& CZHo$ gm‘Zo Ho$ H$WZm| H$mo nT>mo& {MÌm| E§d H$WZm| H$s OmoS>r ghr Zht h¡& {MÌm| H$mo CZHo$ ghr H$WZm| Ho$ gmW aoImItM H$a OmoS>r Om‘mAm|&

àmUr, njr, H$sQ>m| Am¡a amoJm| go \$gb H$mo g§a{jV H$aZm&

’$gb CJmZo Ho$ {bE hb MbmZm

’$gb CJmZo Ho$ {bE ~rO ~moZm

’$gb AÀN>r Vah AmZo Ho$ {bE amgm`{ZH$ AWdm O¡{dH$ ImX S>mbZm

¶§Ì AWdm hmWm| go ’$gb H$s H$Q>mB© H$aZm

’$gb AÀN>r Vah CJZo Ho$ {bE Ob H$mo àdm{hV H$aZm&

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99

{MÌm| H$mo H$WZm| Ho$ gmW R>rH$-R>rH$ OmoS>{b¶m, h¡Zm?

¶o H¥$fH$m| Ho$ {bE ’$gb CJmVo g‘¶ AZwgaUr¶ gmonmZ h¢& VwåZo H$WZ H$mo

ghr {MÌ go OmoS> {b¶m h¡& bo{H$Z do H«$‘mZwgma Zht h¢& BZ gmonmZm| H$mo H$mbmZwH«$‘

go ZrMo {bImo&

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4. __________________________________________________

5. __________________________________________________

6. __________________________________________________

gmo{MEo : H¥${f O‘rZ ‘| CJm¶oOmZodmbo gñ¶m| H$mo ’$gb H$hVo h¢& ³¶m|?

H¥$fH$ H¥${fH$m¶m] go gå~§{YV H$m¶© H$aVo h¢, Bgo Vw_Zo OmZ {b¶m h¡& IoV O‘rZ ‘| H$m‘ H$aZodmbo H¥$fH$m| ‘| ¶hm± {ZåZ {b{IV VrZàH$ma Ho$ H¥$fH$ hmoVo h¢&

1) H¥${f H$m{‘©H$

2) N>moQ>o H¥${fH$

3) ~S>o H¥${fH$

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100

{ZåZ OmZH$mar H$mo nT>H$a VrZ àH$ma Ho$ H¥${fH$m| H$mo g‘Pbmo &{ejH$m|/~S>m| H$s ghm¶Vm nmAmo&

dh EH$ Jm±d h¡& Cg Jm±d H$o$ g^r bmoJ ào‘, {dídmg go {‘bOwb H$a OrdZ MbmVo h¢&

a§Jå‘m Cgr Jm±d H$s h¡& CgH$s AnZr O‘rZ Zht h¡& AnZo n[adma Ho$ IM} H$m {Zd©hU CgH$s AnZr {Oå‘oXmar h¡& Bg{bE dh Xÿñam| H$s O‘rZ ‘| Kmg CImS>Zo, gñ¶m| H$mo Amamo{nV H$aZo H$nmg Nw>S>dmZo O¡go H¥${f H$m`© H$aZo Ho$ {bE OmVr h¡& Cgr Jm±d Ho$ OwboH$å‘m Ho$ gmW CgH$m Jham ñZoh h¡&

OwboH$å‘m EH$ {H$gmZr Am¡aV h¡& CgH$s ñd`§ H$s Hw$N> O‘rZ h¡& AnZr O‘rZ go {ZH$mbr hþB© ’$gb H$mo ~oMZo go {‘bZodmbo YZ go dh AnZm n[adma MbmVr h¡& ¶o XmoZmo| Cg Jm±d H$s ‘§Oå‘m H$mo ~hþV MmhVr h¢&

‘§Oå‘m Cg Jm±d H$s ¶eñdr {H$gmZr Am¡aV h¡& _{hbm h¡ CgHo$ nmg AnZr ñd§V

10-15 EH$S> IoVr O‘rZ h¡& CgH$s O‘rZ ‘| a§Jå‘m O¡gr Xg-EH$ ‘{hbmE± H¥${fH$m © H$aVr h¢& ‘§Oå‘m AnZr O‘rZ ‘| Z Ho$db ’$gb, ~pëH$, ‘wJunmbZ, ôS>-~H$ar, OmZdanmbZ H$m H$m¶© H$aVr h¡& H¥${f H$m¶© H$aZo Ho$ {bE

~S>o-~S>o ¶§Ì ^r CgZo IarX {b¶o h¢& BVZm hr Zht ‘Yw‘³Ir nmbZ, aoe‘-H¥${f go ^r Cgo YZ {‘bVm h¡& Bg{bE CgJm±d Ho$ bmoJ Cgo ~S>so H¥${fH$ H$m gå‘mZ XoH$a Jm¡ad àH$Q> H$aVo h¡& ‘§Oå‘m Xÿgam| H$mo ^r ~S>so H¥${fH$ ~ZZo Ho$ {bE gbmh XoVr ahVr h¡&

H$Wm H$mo nT>{b¶m h¡ Zm? H$Wm _| nmÌ h¢& CZ nmÌm| H$mo ghr eãX go OmoS>mo&a§Jå‘m ~S>r H¥${fH$

OwboH$å‘m H¥${f H$m{‘©H$

‘§Oå‘m N>moQ>r H¥${fH$

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H¥${fH$m{‘©H$ BZHo$ nmg AnZr ñd§V O‘rZ Zht hmoVr h¡& AnZm OrdZ MbmZo hoVw ¶o bmoJ

Xÿgam| H$s O‘rZ ‘| H$m‘ H$aVo h¢&

H¥${f H$m{‘©H$m| H$mo AnZr hr g‘mñ¶mE± hmoVr h¡& {ZåZ {b{IV H$B© H$WZ h¢& CZ‘| H¥${fH$m{‘©H$m| H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ gm‘Zo (3) AWdm (x) {MÝh S>m{b¶o&

1. H¥${f H$m{‘©H$m| H$mo df© â H$m‘ Zht {‘bVm h¡& 2. H$B©~ma ‘OXÿar H$s Am¶ AË¶ën ahVr h¡& 3. H¥${fH$ H$m{‘©H$ A{V lr_§V hmoVo h¢&

Eogo H$s{OEo : AnZ| Jm±d Ho$ EH$-Xmo H¥${fH$ H$m{‘©H$m| go ^|Q> H$amo& CZgo gm‘Zm H$s OmZodmbr g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo ¶hm± Cëbo{IV H$a|&

1) ______________________________________________________

2) ______________________________________________________

H¥${fH$ H$m{‘©H$m| H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo hb H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$B© {Z¶‘ A‘b ‘| bm¶oJ¶o h¢& CXmhaU: H¥${fH$ H$m{‘©H$m| H$mo Xr OmZodmbr H${ZîR> ‘OXÿar H$mo {ZYm©[aV {H$¶m J¶m h¡&

gmo{MEo: H¥{fH$ ‘OXÿam| H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo gwbPmZo Ho$ {bE Cnm¶m| Ho$ ~mao ‘| gmoMmo&

H$m¶©H$bmn:{ejH$m| H$s ghm¶Vm go H¥${fH$ H$m{‘©H$m| H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ {bE n[ahm`© Cnm¶m| H$s gyMr V¡¶ma H$amo&1) _____________________________________________________

2) _____________________________________________________

3) _____________________________________________________

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N>moQ>o H¥${fH$ N>moQ>o H¥${fH$m| Ho$ nmg AnZr hr Aën O‘rZ hmoVr h¡& AnZr O‘rZ ‘| CJZodmbr

H¥${f CËnÝZ H$mo ~oM H$a {‘bZodmbo YZ go AnZm OrdZ MbmVo h¢& BZHo$ nmg ^r g‘ñ¶mE± hmoVr h¢&CXmhaU Ho$ {bE : y H¥${f H$aZo Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ YZ H$m A^md hmoVm h¡& y H¥${fO‘rZ H$s H$‘r hmoZo go AnZo n[adma Ho$ {Zd©hU ‘| Am‘XZr H$s Amny{V© Zht hmoZo go BZH$mo H$îQ> ahVm h¡&

y H¥${f O‘rZ Ho$ {bE qgMmB© gm¡bä¶ H$‘ hmoVm h¡& H$B© g§X^m} ‘| O‘rZ H$mo nmZr H$s CnbpãY Zht hmoVr h¡&

y H¥${f ^y{‘ H$s Cd©aVm Ho$ AZwgma Am¡a ‘m¡g‘ Ho$ AZwgma ’$gb {ZH$mbZo Ho$ {bE BÝh| R>rH$ ‘mJ©Xe©Z Zht {‘bVm h¡&

BZH$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo gwbPmZo Ho$ {bE H$B© n[ahm`© Cnm¶m| H$mo AnZm¶m J¶m h¡&CXmhaU:* YZ Ho$ gh¶moJmW© ~¢H$mo go F$U gm¡bä¶ {X¶o J¶o h¢&

* Zham| Ho$ Ûmam nmZr H$m gm¡bä¶ {X¶m J¶m h¡&

BZHo$ Abmdm Am¡a H$B© n[ahm¶© gm¡bä¶ {X¶o J¶o h¢& {ejH$m| H$s ghm¶Vm go ¶hm± CZH$s gyMr V¡¶ma H$a|&

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2) _________________________________________________

3) _________________________________________________

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~S>o H¥${fH$

gm‘mÝ¶V¶m ~S>o H¥${fH$m| Ho$ nmg A{YH$ O‘rZ hmoVr h¡& BZH$s IoV-O‘rZ ‘| H¥${fH$m¶© ‘| BZHo$ n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶m| Ho$ Abmdm AÝ¶ghm¶H$ ^r ~S>r g§»¶m ‘| hmoVo h¢& ~S>o H¥${fH$m| Ho$ ~mao ‘| H$B© H$WZ {bIo hþE h¢, Jm¡a H$amo&

y AmYw{ZH$ ¶§Ìm| H$mo IarXH$a Cn¶moJ H$aVo h¢&

y YmÝ¶m| H$mo JmoXm‘ ‘| g§J«{hV H$a Ho$ ~T>ohþE Xm‘ XoI H$a {~H«$s H$aVo h¢&

y ~¢H$m| go {‘bZodmbo YZ gh¶moJ H$m Cn¶moJ H$a boVo h¢&

y {d{dY ’$gbm| H$s H¥${f H$aZo go BZH$s Am‘XZr A{YH$ hmoVr h¡&

~¢H$m| go ~S>o H¥${fH$m| {bE {‘bZodmbo gm¡bä¶m| H$s MMm© H$aHo$ ¶hm± {b{IE&

1) _______________________________________________________

2) ______________________________________________________

gmo{ME : ~S>o H¥${fH$m| H$s O‘rZ ‘| A{YH$ H¥${f ghm¶H$ hmoVo h¡, ³¶m|?

H¥${fH$ bmoJ IoVr~mS>r ‘| H¥${fH$m¶© AnZmZo H$s ~mV go Vw‘ n[a{MV hmo hr& H¥${fH$m| Ho$ nmg hmoZodmbr H¥${f ^y{‘ ‘w»¶V… Xmo àH$mam| ‘| dJuH¥$V hmoVr h¡&

>1) ~m[ae AmYm[aV H¥${f^y{‘ 2) qgMmB© H¥${f ^y{‘

H¥${fH$ BZ XmoZm| àH$mam| H$s ^y{‘ Ho$ AZwgma H¥${f H$aVo h¢&

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1. ~m[ae AmYm[aV H¥${f ^y{‘~m[ae H$‘ hmoZodmbo àXoem| ‘o O‘rZ ~m[ae AmYm[aV H¥${f ^y{‘ àH$ma H$s

hmoVr h¢& H$‘ nmZr Ho$ Cn¶moJ go CJm gHo$, d¡gr ’$gbm| H$mo ^y{‘ H$s {‘Q²>Q>r Ho$ AZwgma ’$gb CJmVo h¢&

~m[ae AmYm[aV O‘rZ H$s H¥${f H$mo gyIr AWdm gyIr^y{‘ H¥${f Ho$ Zm‘ go OmZm OmVm h¡&

H$m¶©H$bmn : ~m[ae AmYm[aV CJm¶oOmZodmbr ’$gbm| H$s gyMr ~ZmAmo&

2. qgMmB© H¥${f^y{‘H¥${fH$ H$mo nmZr hr ‘w»¶ gån{Îm hmoVr h¡& nmZr Ho$ {~Zm H¥${f H$s Zht Om

gH$Vr h¡& ~m[ae hr nmZr H$m ‘w»¶ òmoV h¡& gd©H$mb ~m[ae Zht hmoZo Ho$ H$maU {d{^Þ òm|Vm| ‘| nmZr H$m g§J«h H$aHo$ CgHo$ Cn¶moJ go H¥${f H$aZo Ho$ {dYmZ H$mo H¥$fH$m| Zo AnZm {b¶m h¡&

ZrMo H$B© {MÌ h¢, Ü¶mZ Xmo&

’$gbmo H$mo ~m[ae$ Ho$ Abmdm Vmbm~, Zha, Hw$Am±, ZmbHy$nm| go nmZr H$s Amny{V© H$s OmVr h¡& BgràH$ma {H$gr ¶mo½¶ nmZr Ho$ òmoV Ho$ Cn¶moJ go H¥${f H$aZo Ho$ {dYmZ H$mo qgMmB© H¥${f H$hVo h¢&

qgMmB© H¥${f ‘o {‘Q²>Q>r Ho$ JwU Ho$ AZwgma JÝZm, YmZ, H$nmg O¡gr ’$gbm| H$mo CJmVo h¢& CÝh| qgMmB© H¥${f H$hVo h¢&

H$m¶©H$bmn : {‘Ìm| Ho$ gmW MMm© H$aHo$ qgMmB© ’$gbm| H$s gyMr V¡¶ma H$amo&

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Vmbm~, Zha, Hw$Am±, ZmbHy$nm| go {H$gmZm| H$s O‘rZ H$mo nmZr {‘bZo go BÝho qgMmB© òmoV H$hVo h¢&

qgMmB© òm|Vm| go nmZr Ho$ {’$Oyb IM© amoH$Zo Ho$ {bE {d{eîQ> qgMmB© nÕ{V¶m| H$m AZwgaU H$aVo h¢& do h¢ -

1) ~y±X {gMmB© 2) {MS>H$md {gMmB©

{ZåZ X{e©V {MÌm| na Jm¡a H$aHo$ ~y±X qgMmB© Am¡a {MS>H$md qgMmB© H$m AW© g‘P bmo&

~y±X qgMmB© H$s ’$gbm| Ho$ gñ¶m| H$s OS>m| ‘| ~y±X ~ ~y±X nmZr {‘bZo H$s ì¶dñWm H$s OmVr h¡& {MS>H$md {g§MmB© nÕ{V ‘| nmZr, ’$gbm| na ~m[ae Ho$ ~am~a nmZr H$m {MS>H$md g‘mZ ê$n go hmoZo H$s ì¶dñWmH$s OmVr h¡&

H$m ©H$bmn : ~y±X qgMmB© Am¡a {MS>H$md qgMmB© Ho$ Cn¶moJ go CJm¶rOmZodmbr ’$gbm| H$s gyMr V¡¶ma H$amo& ({ejH$m|/nmbH$m| H$s ghm¶Vm nmAmo)

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~y±X qgMmB© Ed‘² {MS>H$md qgMmB© Ho$ Cn¶moJm| H$s gyMr ~ZmAmo&

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2) _________________________________________________

3) _________________________________________________

4) _________________________________________________

5) _________________________________________________

6) _________________________________________________

gmo{ME : AmOH$b Ho$ {XZm| ‘| {H$gmZm| H$mo ~y±X qgMmB© nÕ{V H$mo AnZmZo H$s gbmh Xr OmVr h¡& ³¶m|?

nTH$a g‘P br{OE : H$B© àXoem| ‘| H¥${f ^y{‘ A{VH$‘ nmofH$m§edmbr hmoVr h¢& gm‘mÝ¶V¶m Bgo ~§Oa^y{‘ H$hVo h¢& ¶hm± gwb^Vm go ’$gb {ZH$mbZm gmÜ¶ Zht h¡& bo{H$Z AmOH$b ~§Oa ^y{‘ ‘| OÌmon VWm nm|Jo{_`m {nÞmQ>m O¡{dH$ B§YZ CËnÞ H$aZodmbo

noS>-Pm{S>¶m| H$mo CJm¶m OmVm h¡&

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H¥${f ^y{‘ Ho$ àH$mam| H$mo g‘P{b¶m h¡ Z? ~m[ae AmYm[aV H¥${f^y{‘ AWdm qgMmB© H¥${f ^y{‘ H$moB© hmoZo na ^r XmoZm| àH$ma H$s H¥${f nÕ{V¶m| Ho$ AZwgma ’$gb CJmVo h¢& do h¢ -

1) O¡{dH$ H¥${f

2) amg¶{ZH$ H¥${f

BZ$XmoZm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| OmZZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ H$WZm| H$mo nT> H$a g‘Pbmo& {ejH$m| H$s ghm¶Vm go O¡{dH$ Ed amgm¶{ZH$ H¥${f gå~§Yr H$WZm| H$mo nhMmZmo& {ZåZ Vm{bH$m ‘| {bImo&

H$WZ:

y amgm¶{ZH$ Cd©aH$m| H$m Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

y OmZdaImZo / J–o Ho$ Jmo~a H$mo H¥${f^y{‘ ‘| Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

y H|$MwE Ho$ Jmo~a H$mo {‘Å>r Ho$ nmofH$m§em| H$s ~¥{Õ ‘| Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

y amgm¶{ZH$ H$sQ>ZmeH$m| H$mo {MS>H$mH$a ’$gb CJm¶r OmVr h¡&

y harn{Îm¶m± / gyIrn{Îm¶m| H$mo ^r H¥${f ‘| Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&O¡{dH$ H¥${f

amgm¶{ZH$ H¥${f

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108

amgm¶{ZH$ H¥${f ‘| amgm¶{ZH$ ImX, H$sQ>ZmeH$m| H$m Cn¶moJ H$aHo$ ’$gbm| H$mo CJmVo h¢& O¡{dH$ H¥${f ‘| OmZda ImZo H$m Jmo~a, harnÎmrH$m Jmo~a, H|$Mwa H$m Jmo~a O¡{dH$ H$sQ>ZmeH$m| H$m Cn¶moJ H$aHo$ ’$gbm| H$mo CJmVo h¢&

nT>H$a g‘P br{OE : amgm¶{ZH$ H¥${f H$s Anojm O¡{dH$ H¥${f CÎm‘ àH$ma H$s hmoVr h¡& H¡$go?

H¥${f ‘| H$B© {dYmZm| H$mo AnZm H$a ’$gbm| H$mo CJm`m OmVm h¡& CXmhaU Ho$ {bE Hw$N> H¥${f{dYmZ {X¶o J¶o h¢& nT>H$a g‘Pmo&1. gm§{ÐV H¥${f : EH$ hr IoV ‘| ha df© 2 go 3 ’$gb| CJmZm& CXmhaU Ho$ {bE Omodma, YmZ, amJr, gy¶©H$m§{V, H$nmg, bmo{~¶m, MZm, VwAa&2. {‘lH¥${f : IoV ‘| ’$gb CJmZo Ho$ gmW-gmW OmZda, ‘wJu, aoe‘, ‘Yw‘³Ir nmbZ H$aZm&

H$m¶©H$bmn : {‘lH¥${f ‘| H$B© H¥${fH$m¶© Am¡a CnCÚmoJ AnZm¶o OmVo h¢& {ejH$m| H$s ghm¶Vm go CZH$s gyMr ~ZmAmo&

_________________________ _________________________

_________________________ _________________________

3. ~mJdmZr : Amhma H$s ’$gbm| Ho$ ~Xbo H¥${f^y{‘ ‘| {d{dY’$gb, VaH$mar, H$m’$s, Q>r AWdm ’y$bm| H$mo CJmZm&

H$m¶©H$bmn : ~mJdmZr ‘| CJm¶oOmZodmbo {d{dY ’$gbm|, VaH$mar, ’y$bm| H$s gyMr ~ZmAmo& ~S>m| H$s ghm¶Vm nmAmo&

_________________________ _________________________

_________________________ _________________________

BgrVah {H$gmZ AnZr O‘rZ ‘| H$B© H¥${f-nÕ{V¶m± AnZm H$a Am¶ H$‘mVo h¡&

Eogo H$s{OEo : AnZo {‘Ì/gho{b¶m| Ho$ gmW {‘bH$a H¥${fH$m| Ho$ Ûmam O‘rZm| ‘| AZwH$aU H$s OmZodmbr H¥${fnÕ{V¶m| H$m drjUH$aHo$ CëboI H$amo&

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{ZåZ {MÌmo| na Ü¶mZ Xmo& CZgo gå~§{YV H¥${f / IoVr nÕ{V¶mo| H$mo {bImo&

{MÌ gå~§{YV H¥${f/IoVr nÕ{V

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H¥${fH$m| Ho$ Ûmam ’$gb CJmZo Ho$ ~mX CZH$mo g§J«{hV Ed‘² g§a{jV H$aZm ^r ‘w»¶ h¡& {ZåZ {MÌm| na Ü¶mZ Xmo& CÝh| {ejH$m| H$s ghm¶Vm go nhMmZmo&

BZ‘| nhbo Ho$ Xmo {MÌm| ‘| ahZodmbo g§J«mhH$ {dYmZ AnZo ~S>m| H$s XoZ h¡& CZH$mo Hy$n g§J«hU Am¡a ~m±g H$m ~obZmH$ma g§J«hU H$hVo h¢& ¶o YmÝ¶ g§J«mhH$ gm§àX{¶H$ {dYmZ h¢&

Amhma YmÝ¶ / nXmWm] H$mo C{YH$ CJmZo go CZH$mo g§J«h H$aHo$ g§a{jV aIZo Ho$ {bE JmoXm‘m| H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m J¶m h¡& gaH$mam| go {Z{‘©V JmoXm‘m| ‘| {H$gmZ AnZo AZmOm| H$mo A{V H$‘ IM} go g§J«{hV aI gH$Vo h¢&

gmo{MEo : AZmOm| H$m g§ajU h‘mar Amdí¶H$Vm h¢& ³¶m| Bggo H¥${fH$mo H$mo Am¡a AZmO IarXZo dmbm| Ho$ {bE AZwHy$bVm ³¶m h¡? ¶hm± {bImo&

1) _________________________________________________

2) _________________________________________________

Hw$b {‘bmH$a, H¥${f Am¡a H¥${fH$ ~¡bJmS>r Ho$ Xmo n{h¶o Ho$ ~am~a hmoVo h¡& A{YH$ bmoJm| H$mo CnOr{dH$m XoZodmbr H¥${f h‘mao Xoe H$m àYmZ CÚmoJ h¡& H¥${fna AmYm[aV OrdZr MbmZodmbo H¥${fH$ hr h‘mao dmñV{dH$ AÝZXmVm h¢& {H$gmZ H$Q>mB© H$aVm h¡ Vmo OJ‘| h±gr Am¡a CN>bHy$X hmoJr& {H$gmZ H$Q>mB© Zht H$aVm h¡ Vmo gmao OJ ‘| {hMH$s hmoJr& ¶h H${d dmUr H¥${fH$m| H$m ‘hËd g‘PmVr h¡& AÝZ XoZodmbo AÝZXmVmAm| H$mo h‘ g~ Jm¡ad X|oJo&

y

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nmR> - 9

Amhma - OrdZ H$s agYma

‘V Im ¶{X^yI Z hmo, ^yIm hmo{~ZIm¶o Z ahmo& Ja‘ Am¡a ~mgr {_bmH$a ‘V âmo&³¶m| d¡Ú Oê$ar ^¶mo! gd©k

gd©k H${d H$s {ÌnXr na Ü¶mZ Xmo& Xÿgao dm³¶ ‘| Ja‘ Am¡a ~mgr {_bmH$a ‘V âmo - ¶h {H$gHo$ ~mao ‘| H$hm J¶m h¡? gmoMmo& Vwåhmao CÎma H$mo$ ¶hm± {bImo&

R>rH$ h¡, ¶h dm³¶ h‘ go Im¶o OmZodmbo Amhma Ho$ ~mao ‘| H$hmJ¶m h¡& Amhma h‘mao OrdZ H$s agYma h¡& à{V{XZ h‘ EH$ Z EH$ H$m‘ H$aVo ahVo h¢& {H$¶oOmZodmbo H$m‘m| Ho$ {bE h‘| D$Om© Mm{hE& h‘ go Im¶oOmZodmbo Amhma go h‘| D$Om© {‘bVr h¡& h‘mar d¥{Õ, {dH$mg Am¡a CÎm‘ ñdmñW¶ Ho$ {bE Amhma AË¶mdí¶H$ h¡& Vmo h‘go Im¶o OmZodmbo Amhma ‘| ³¶m h¡? {H$g Vah h‘mam Amhma hmoZm Mm{hE? BgHo$ ~mao ‘| WmoS>r gr OmZH$mar Bg KQ>H$ ‘| h¡& nT>H$a g‘Pbmo&


� Amhma ‘| pñWV nmofH$m±em| H$mo nwZ… ¶mX H$amoJo& � Amhma Ho$ òmoV VWm Amhma H$s CnbpãY H$m n[aM¶ H$a bmoJo& � Amhma nÕ{V H$mo {ZYm©[aV H$aZodmbo A§Jm| H$mo g‘PH$a {d{dY àXoem| Ho$ Amhma H$s {d{dYVm H$mo nhMmZmoJo&

� Amhma H$s AmXVm| ‘| hmoZodmbo n[adV©Zm| go ñdmñW²` na hmoZodmbo n[aUm‘m| H$mo g‘PmoJo&

� Amhma H$m ì¶W©hmoZm VWm Amhma Ho$ g§ajUmonm¶ g‘PmoJo&

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Vw‘ A~VH$ g‘P MwHo$ hmo {H$ h‘go Im¶oOmZodmbo Amhma ‘| AZoH$ nmofH$m§e hmoVo h¢& Amhma Ho$ nmofH$m§e VWm nmofH$m±e A{YH$ ahZodmbm Amhma {ZåZ {bIm J¶m h¡& nmofH$m§em| H$mo ‘obImZodmbo R>rH$ H$WZ go OmoS>mo&

nmofH$m§e Amhma nXmW©

H$m~m}h¡S´>oQ²>g‘oWr, JmOa, AHw$[aV YmÝ¶, ‘N>brH$m Vob hao-nrbo VaH$mar

{b{nS> amJr, Johÿ±, Omodma, ambm, Hw$Q>H$s, ~«oS>, emhX

àmoQ>rZ‘y±J’$br, ‘m±g, ‘N>br, gyImImonam, {Vb, A§S>o H$m nrbm^mJ&

{dQ>{‘Z VaH$mar, ’$b, {Zå~w, EH$XbYmÝ¶

I{ZO bdUH$H$S>r, Ia~yO, A§Jya, ‘ybr, H$X²Xþ, ~¢JZ, nÎmrJmo r, ’y$bJmo^r

Obm§e go_, VwAa, Abgr, XÿY, ‘y±J, gmo¶m~rZ

nmofH$m§e VWm CZH$m R>rH$ Amhma nXmWm] H$mo OmoS> {b¶m h¡ Z? ¶o nmofH$m±e h‘mar d¥{Õ, h‘mar Xoh H$s XþññVr, Xoh Ho$ {Z‘m©‘ Ho$ {bE Am¡a h‘o ñdñW ahZo Ho$ {bE ghm¶H$ h¡&

gmo{ME : à{V {XZ EH$ hr Vah Ho$ nmofH$m§edmbo Amhma H$mo ImZo go h‘go CÎm‘ ñdmñW¶ nmZm gmÜ` Zht h¡& ³¶m|?

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{ZåZ Amhma nXmWm|© na Ü¶mZ OXmo&Mmdb, ambm, ‘m§g, ~mOam, Am‘, nZra, amJr, Kr, A§S>m, ’y$bJmo^r, XÿY,

‘|oWr, JmOa, N>mN>, ‘ybr&

Eogo H$s{OEo:- D$na {b{IV Amhma nXmWm] H$mo {ZåZ Vm{bH$m ‘| AbJ-AbJ {bIm|:-

gñ¶‘yb Amhma nXmW© àmUr‘yb Amhma nXmW©

¶o nXmW© h‘| gñ¶‘yb go Am¡a àmUr‘yb go àmá hmoVo h¡&gñ¶‘yb Ho$ Amhma nXmWm|ª H$mo {ZåZ àH$ma dJuH¥$V H$a aH$Vo h¢& y EH$Xb YmÝ¶ y {ÛXb YmÝ¶ y Vob Ho$ ~rO y VaH$mar y nÎmrXma gmJ y ’$b

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gñ¶‘yb go nm¶oOmZodmbo H$B© Amhma nXmWm|©ª H$s gyMr na Ü¶mZ Xmo&

Am‘ ~¢JZ {Vb ‘y±J ambm ^yam

nmbH$ ‘y±J’$br {Zå~w ~rQ>ê$Q> ‘|Wr gy`©nmZ

eH$aH§$X VwAa Omodma CS>X Zma§Jr Hw$Q>H$s

D$na {b{IV Amhma nXmWm] H$mo {ZåZ gñ¶‘yb {MÌ ‘| gå~§{YV Xbm| ‘| {bImo&

gñ¶‘yb

’$b

EH$Xb YmÝ¶

{ÛXb YmÝ¶nÎmrg

VaH$mar

Vob Ho$ ~

rV

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AZmO ({garYmÝ`)h‘go Im¶oOmZodmbo Amhma ‘| EH$ go A{YH$ nmofH$m§e hmoVo h¢& Cg‘| ^r

ambo, Om§Jmoam, H$moS²>am O¡go AZmOm| _| nmofH$m§e ânya h¢& h‘mao ~wOwJ© {garYmÝ`m| H$mo A{YH$ Cn¶moJ H$aVo Wo& ñdmñÏ` Ho$ {bE CÎm‘ ‘mZo OmZodmbo BZH$m Cn¶moJ AmOH$b KQ>Vm Om ahm h¡&à‘wI AZmO

~mOam

^wao Hw$Q>H$s amJr

H$moS²>am ~mar Om§Jmoamambm

H$m¶©H$bmn : {MÌ ‘| pñWV {gar YmÝ`m| H$s gyMr ~ZmAmo

_________ _________ _________ _________ _________

_________ _________ _________ _________

{gar YmÝ`m| Ho$ Cn¶moJ � {garYmÝ`m| H$mo H$‘ nmZr Ho$ Cn¶moJ go H$‘ g‘¶ ‘| CJm gH$Vo h¢& � ¶o A{YH$Va {d{dY n[aga Am¡a Obdm¶w ‘| gwb^Vm go CJVo h¢& � amgm¶{ZH$ ImX, H$sQ>ZmeH$ Am¡a V¥UZmeH$m| Ho$ {~Zm BZH$mo CJm gH$Vo h¢& � BZH$mo AH$mb Ho$ {‘Ì H$hm OmVm h¡& � BZ‘| A{YH$ nmofH$m§e ‘m¡OyX hmoVo h¢&

Omodma

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gmo{MEo : AmOH$b d¡ÚOr AñdñW bmoJm| H$mo {garYmÝ`m| Ho$ godZ H$s gbmh XoVo h¢& ³¶m|?

Amhma H$s CnbpãY : h‘mao amÁ¶ ‘| H¥${f^y{‘ H$s Cd©aVm Am¡a Obdm¶w AbJ-AbJ ñWmZm| na {d{^Þ h¢& Bg{bE g^r àXoemo| ‘| g^r àH$ma H$s ’$gbm| H$s H$Q>mB© hmo Zht gH$Vr h¡& Cg‘| ^r Omodma, amJr, Mmdb O¡go Amhma nXmW© gd©Ì CJm¶o Zht Om gH$Vo h¢&

gmo{MEo : ~T>Vr hþB© OZg§»¶m Am¡a KQ>Vr hþB© H¥${f¶mo½¶ ^y{‘, Amhma H$s CnbpãY H$s H$‘r Ho$ {bE H$maU h¡, H¡$go?

bmoJm| H$mo Amhma bä¶ hmoZo Ho$ {bE gaH$ma Zo AZoH$ CnH«$‘ AnZm¶o h¢&CXmhaU :1. [dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo ñHy$bm| ‘| XÿY Am¡a Xþnha ‘| Ja‘ ^moOZ {X¶m OmVm h¡&

2. ¶mo½¶ Xa H$s XþH$mZm| go H$‘ Xm‘ na Amhma nXmWmo|ª H$s Amny{V© H$s OmVr h¡&

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3. ì¶mnmarbmoJ Amdí¶H$Vm go A{YH$ Amhma nXmW© g§J«h Zht H$aZo Ho$ {bE CnH«$‘ AnZm¶o J¶o h¢&

4. {H$gmZm| go CJm¶o J¶o Amhma nXmWm] H$mo IarX H$a JmoXm‘m| ‘| g§J«{hV H$aZo Ed‘² {dV[aV H$aZo H$s ì¶dñWm h¡&

gmo{MEo : ñHy$bm| ‘| XÿY Am¡a Xþnha Ja‘ ^moOZ XoZo go hmoZodmbr AZwHy$bVm±E ³¶m h¢?

Amhma nXmW© bä¶ hmoZo Ho$ H$maU h‘| AnZm Amhma V¡¶ma H$aZm gmÜ¶ hmoVm h¡& Vwåhmao Ka ‘| V¡¶ma {H$¶oOmZodmbo Amhma nXmW© H$m¡Z go h¢? BgH$s EH$ gyMr {ZåZñWmZ na V¡¶ma H$amo&

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Bg gyMr H$mo AnZo {‘Ìm| H$s gyMr go VwbZm H$amo& Vwåhmao Am¡a Vwåhmao {‘Ì/ghobr Ho$ Amhma gyMr ³¶m {d{^Þ h¡, Bg na Ü¶mZ Xmo&

{ZåZ H$m¶©H$bmn nyU© H$amo& Vwåhmam Amhma

F$Vw Im¶oOmZodmbo nXmW©

J«rî‘ H$mb

dfm© H$mb

erV H$mb

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nS>mo{g¶mo| H$m Amhma

nS>mogr Ka

Vwåhmao Jm±d H$m g‘mÝ¶ Amhma

Vwåhmao {Obo H$m g‘mÝ¶ AmhmaÀ

H$Zm©Q>H$ Ho$ {d{dY àXoem| H$m gm‘mÝ¶ Amhma ({ejH$m| H$s ghm¶Vm nmAmo)

CÎma H$Zm©Q>H$

X{jU H$Zm©Q>H$

g‘wÐrVQ> H$Zm©Q>H$

_boZmSw>

{ZåZ àíZm| H$mo CÎma Xmo (D$na H$s MmQ>© go gh¶moJ bmo)

y Ja‘r Ho$ ‘m¡g‘ ‘| H$m¡Zgm Amhma A{YH$ ImAmoJo?

y erV F$Vw ‘| Vw‘ gm‘mÝ¶V¶m {H$gVah H$m Amhma ImAmoJo?

y Vwåhmao {Obo H$m ‘w»¶ Amhma ³¶m h¡?

y H$Zm©Q>H$ Ho$ {d{dY àXoem| H$m Amhma {d{^Þ h¡, ³¶m|? Bgo {ejH$m| Ho$ gmW MMm© H$aHo$ CgHo$ H$maU {bImo&

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3) __________________________________________________

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àíZm| H$mo CÎma {X¶m, h¡ Zm? h‘ go Im¶o OmZodmbo Amhma H$mo {ZYm©[aV H$aZo Ho$ Hw$N>H$WZ {X¶o J¶o h¢& Ü¶mZ Xmo& y h‘ EH$ hr amÁ¶ Ho$ hmoZo na r h‘mao {Zdm{gV àXoe ‘| {‘bZodmbo/CJZodmbo Amhma nXmW© Am¡a Obdm¶w Ho$ AZwgma h‘mao Amhma H$s nÕ{V hmoVr h¡&

y h‘go Im¶oOmZodmbm Amhma AnZo nm[adm[aH$ g§àXm¶/{dídmgm| na {ZYm©[aV hmoVm h¡&

y J«rî‘, dfm© Am¡a erVH$mb Ho$ AZwgma h‘mam Amhma n[ad{V©V hmoVm h¡& y h‘mao Amhma na BZH$m à^md hmoZo na ^r AmOH$b h‘mao Amhma H$s nÕ{V¶m± EH$ hr àH$ma H$s hmo ahr h¡& {ZåZ {MÌm| na Ü¶mZ Xmo&

1. Š`mpßgH$_ ^mVgm_J«r

y Mmdb (C~bm) - 2 H$n y ß`mO - H$Q>m hþAm - 1 y har {_M© - H$Q>r hþB© - 1 y AXaH$ - N>moQ>m Qw>H$S>m y Y{Z`m - gOmZo Ho$ {bE y H$S>r nÎmm - 1 S>m{bE y gagm| - 1 M_M y CS>X H$s Xmb - ½ M_M y hëXr - ½ M_M y Š`mpßgH$_ - 1 ~S>m y Q>m_mQ>mo - 1 ~S>m y Ja_ _gmbm - ½ M_M y Z_H$ - ñdmX Ho$ AZwgma

¶hm± {XIm¶o J¶o {MÌ h‘mao Amnhma H$s nÕ{V¶m| ‘| hmoZodmbo n[adV©Z Ho$ H$maUm| H$mo gy{MV H$aVo h¢&

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CÝh| Bg àH$ma H$h gH$Vo h¢&

y n{ÌH$mE±, {dkmnZ

y Q>r.dr.ao{S>¶mo MmZob ‘| àgm[aV agmoB© gå~§{YV H$m¶©H«$‘

y ‘mo~mBb, B©Q>aZoQ> Ho$ Cn¶moJ go Amhmamä¶mg gm‘mÝ¶ hmo aho h¢&

y agmoB© nwñVH|$ BZ g~ Ho$ à^md go h‘mao Amhma H$s nÕ{V¶m± {ZåZ àH$ma n[ad{V©V hþB© h¢&

y CÎm‘ nmofH$m§e¶w³V Ka Ho$ ^moOZ Ho$ ~Xbo {nÁOm ~J©a, gmg², g‘mogm, H$mZ©’$boH$, gyn, ZyS>ëg, AmBgH«$s‘, Mm°H$moboQ>, {Mßg O¡go Amhma nXmWm] H$m godZ ~T> ahm h¡& BZ‘| Hw$N> H$mo "O§H$’w$S>' H$hm OmVm h¡&

nT>H$a-OmZ br{OE : O§H$’w$S> H$m AW© h¡ {H$ ñdmñÏ¶ Ho$ {bE AZmdí¶H$ AWdm Ý¶yZ-nmofH$m§e¶w³V Amhma nXmW©&

gmo{MEo : O§H$’w$S> ñdmñÏ¶ Ho$ {bE AÀN>m Zht h¡, ³¶m|?

y Amhma A{YH$ é{MH$a hmoZo Ho$ {bE amgm¶{ZH$ A§e¶w³V gm°g² Ho$ Cn¶moJ go Jmo~r ‘§Myar, nmZrnwar, M¡Zrg ’w$S²>g H$m Cn¶moJ gm‘mÝ¶ hmo ahm h¡&

y ZJa/eham| Ho$ ¶m§{ÌH$ OrdZ ‘| V¡¶ma {H$¶o J¶o Amhma nXmWm] H$m Cn¶moJ ~T> ahm h¢& ’$mñQ>’w$S²> Im¶mOmZm BgH$m EH$ CXmhaU h¡&

gmo{MEo : ’$mñQ’w$S> H$m AW© ³¶m h¡?

~Xbo hþE Amhma Ho$ Aä¶mg Ho$ n[aUm‘ :

y bmoJ ~hþV OëXr ~r‘ma hmoOmVo h¢&

y ñdmñW¶H$a Amhma H$s Anojm é{MH$a Amhma H$m godZ ~T>OmZo go eara ‘| {df¡bo amgm¶{ZH$ ~T> aho h¢&

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y eara, amoJm| Ho$ {déÕ bS>Zo H$s e{º$ H$mo Imo ahm h¡& y ‘gmboXma Amhma Am¡a O§H$’w$S²>g go Vm|X H$s g‘ñ¶m Câ ahr h¡&

H$m¶©H$bmn : h‘ {H$g àH$ma Ho$ Amhma H$m$ godZ H$a|? BgHo$ ~mao ‘| {‘Ì/gho{b¶mo| Ho$ gmW MMm© H$amo&

{gÕ{H$¶ohþE Amhma Ho$ noHo$Q²>gAmOH$b ~mOma ‘| h‘ go Im¶oOmZodmbm Amhma A{YH$Îma noHo$Q>m| ‘| CnbãY

hmo ahm h¢& BÝho| IarXVo g‘¶ {ZåZ A§em| na Ü¶mZ Xmo& y {gÕ {H$¶m {XZm§H$, Ad{Y nyU© hmoZo H$m {XZm§H$& y Amhma nXmWm] H$mo {‘bm¶o hþE BVa nXmW© (BZJ«o{S>EÊQ²>g)/ amgm¶{ZH$ à‘mU& y Cg noHo$Q> Ho$ g§ajU Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ Vmn‘mZ&

H$m¶©H$bmn: Amhma nXmW© H$m noHo$Q> boH$a Cg‘| Cnamoº$ A§em| H$s gyMr ~ZmAmo&

gmo{MEo : Ad{Y nyU© hmoZo na AWdm A{YH$ amgm¶{ZH$ {‘bmE hþE nXmWm] H$m godZ KmVH$ {gÕ hmoVm h¡, H¡$g¡?

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Amhma ì¶W© hmoZm: h‘ go Im¶mOmZodmbm Amhma ¶ht-H$ht ’|$H$ H$a ì¶W© H$aZo H$s KQ>Zm H$mo ¶hm± Ho$ {MÌm| ‘| XoI gH$Vo h¢& ImZo ¶mo½¶ Amhma H$mo {~Zm Im¶o ¶ht-H$ht ’o$H$Zo H$s KQ>Zm H$mo Amhma ì¶W© hmoZm H$hVo h¢&

H$m¶©H$bmn : AZoH$ g§X^m] ‘| Amhma ì¶W© hmoZo H$s KQ>Zm KQ>Vr h¡& BgVah Amhma ì¶W© hmoZo Ho$ g§X^© Am¡a H$maUm| H$mo {ejH$m| H$s ghm¶Vm go gyMr ~ZmAmo&

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______________________________________________________

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h‘| {‘bmhþAm Amhma AWdm Amhma nXmW© Zï> Zht hmoZm Mm{hE Am¡a {~JS>Zo go Cgo ~MmH$a g§a{jV H$aZm à‘wI h¡& AmOH$b H$B© {d{Y¶mo| H$m AZwgaU H$aHo$ Amhma nXmW© H$mo {~JS>Zo go ~MmH$a Cgo gwa{jV aIVo h¢& do h¢ -

y AMma H$s é{M go h‘ g~ n[a{MV h¢& Cgo ~hþV {XZm| VH$ {~JS>Zo go ~MmZo Ho$ {bE Cg‘| Z‘H$ {‘bmVo h¢& VmOo ’$bm| Ho$ ag H$mo gwa{jV aIZo Ho$ {bE e³H$a O¡gr dñVw H$m Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

y A§Jya H$mo gwImH$a gyIo A§Jya H$m Cn¶moJ H$aVo h¢& .

H$m¶©H$bmn : gwImZo go gwa{jV aIo OmZodmbo Amhma nXmWm] H$s gyMr ~ZmAmo&

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y ‘N>br, ‘m§g Am¡a XÿY H$mo A{V H$‘ Vmn‘mZ ‘| g§J«h H$aHo$ gwajm H$aVo h¢& Bgo erVg§J«hU H$hVo h¢& CXmhaU Ho$ {bE ao{’«${OaoQ>a ({’«$S²>O)

CÎm‘ Amhma go h‘ emar[aH$ Am¡a ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go ñdñW ì¶{º$ ~ZVo h¢& Amhma, h‘mao OrdZ H$s agYma h¡& CÎm‘ Amhma Ho$ godZ go AnZo Amn H$mo gwa{jV H$aZm ñdmñÏ¶ H$s Ñ{ï> go Amdí¶H$ h¡&

y

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nmR> - 10

Aml¶Ka hr àW‘ nmR>embm, ‘mVm hr àW‘ Jwê$AmBZ Bg H$hmdV H$mo Vw_Zo

gwZm hr hmoJm& h‘ g~ go Ka ¶h eãX n[a{MV hr h¡& Jw’$m Am¡a noS>m| H$s AmS> ‘| Aml¶ ~Zm H$a Yyn, ~m[ae, dm¶w Am¡a O§Jbr newAm| go g§ajU nm boVm Wm& Bgr{b¶o ¶o ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ àW‘ Aml¶ _mZoOmVo h¡& ZmJ[aH$ ‘mZd EH$ OJh pñWa hmoZo na CgH$s Amdí¶H$VmE± ~T> J¶t& Bg Vah ZmJ[aH$Vm Ho$ Ama§^ Ho$ gmW Kam| H$m {Z‘m©U H$mb ^r Ama§^ hmo J¶m& g‘¶ Ed§ g§X^© Ho$ AZwgma hmoZodmbo n[adV©Zm| Ho$ H$maU d¡¶{º$H$ Kam| Ho$ {Z‘m©U go Ama§^ hmo H$a gm‘wXm{¶H$ Aml¶ AWdm ~hþ‘§{Pbm|dmbr B‘maV H$m én YmaU H$a {b¶m J¶m&

Bg nmR> H$mo grIZo Ho$ ~mX Vw‘, � d¡¶{º$H$ Am¡a gm‘wXm{¶H$ Aml¶ ¶moOZm Ho$ ~mao ‘| g‘PmoJo& � J«m‘rU Am¡a ZJam| H$s Aml¶-¶moOZmAm| H$m AW© bJmAmoJo&

{ZåZ {MÌm| na Ü¶mZ Xmo BZ Kam| Ho$ {Z‘m©U Ho$ ~mao ‘| {nN>br H$jm ‘| hr Vw‘ g‘P MwHo$ hmo& {MÌ Ho$ AZwgma Eogo Kam| Ho$ {Z‘m©U gå~§Yr Amdí¶H$ gm‘{J«¶m| H$m CëboI H$amo&

Ka H$m àH$ma Ka Ho$ {Z‘m©U ‘| Amdí¶H$ gm‘J«r

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PmonS>r, Iàob H$m Ka Am¡a H$m§H«$sQ> H$s N>Vdmbo {d{dY àH$ma Ho$ Kam| ‘| bmoJ {Zdmg H$aVo h¢& AZoH$ n[adma Jm±d ‘| AWdm ZJam| ‘| Amgnmg Ka ~m±Y H$a CZ‘| bmoJ ah OmVo h¢& Bg ì¶dñWm H$mo "Aml¶' H$hVo h¢&

Eogo H$s{OEo: AnZo Jm±d H$s AWdm ZJa H$s J{b¶m| na Ü¶mZ Xmo& ¶o gm‘mÝ¶V¶m bmoJm| Ho$ Amdmg àXoe hmoVo h¢& gm‘mÝ¶ ê$n go BZ Amdmg àXoem| ‘| H$B© n[admam| Ho$ bmoJ d¡¶{º$H$ Kam| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aHo$ OrdZ¶mnZ H$aVo h¢& BZ OZmdmg àXoem| Ho$ Hw$N> gm‘mÝ¶ A§e ZrMo {bIo J¶o h¢& Vwåhmao Ü¶mZ ‘| Am¶o hþE AÝ¶ A§em| H$mo {ZåZ {ZpíMV ñWmZm| na {bImo&y BYa-CYa, {VVa {~Va AWdm H$Vmam| ‘| Ka {XImB© XoVo h¢&y J«m‘rU àXoe ‘| J{b¶m± Q>oT>r-‘oT>r hmoVr h¢&y OZmdmg àXoem| ‘| añVo ‘| Xrnm| H$s ì¶dñWm hmoVr h¢& y ___________________________________________y ____________________________________________y ____________________________________________

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bmoJm| go ñdV… {Z{‘©V BZ Kam| ‘| g^r àH$ma H$s gw{dYmE± CnbãY hmoZm gmÜ¶ Zht h¢& ~T>Vr hþB© OZg§»¶m, bmoJm| H$s Amdí¶H$Vm±E Am¡a ‘m±Jm| Ho$ AZwgma AmOH$b gm‘wXm{¶H$ Aml¶ ¶moOZmAm| H$m Ama§^ {H$¶m J¶m h¡& {ZåZ X{e©V {MÌ gm‘wXm{¶H$ Aml¶m| Ho$ Hw$N> CXmhaU h¢&

H$B© gw{dYmAm| Ed§ gm¡bä¶m| H$mo nmZo Ho$ {bE gm‘wXm{¶H$ Aml¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m Om ahm h¡&

Hw$N> H$WZ {ZåZ {bIo J¶o h¢& bo{H$Z Hw$N> H$WZm| Ho$ H$maU R>rH$ Zht h¡& R>rH$ H$maU hmoZo na ‘mÌ (3) {MÝh bJmAmo&

y gm‘wXm{¶H$ Aml¶m| ‘| H$B© n[adma BH$Æ>o {Zdmg H$aVo h¢& y Jar~ ¶m YZ H$s gw{dYm Z ahZo na J«m‘rU AWdm ZJam| Ho$ Jar~ n[admam| H$o$ bmoJm| H$mo gaH$ma hr gm‘wXm{¶H$ Aml¶m| H$mo {Z{‘©V H$aHo$ Aml¶ gw{dYmAm| H$mo àXmZ H$a ahr h¡&

y Aën ^y{‘ ‘| AË¶{YH$ bmoJm| H$mo ~gm H$a AË¶{YH$ bmoJm| H$mo ‘yb gw{dYmAm| H$mo ì¶dpñWV H$aZo Ho$ {bE BZH$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m Om ahm h¡&

y ~hþ‘§{Pbm| H$s B‘maV Ho$db EH$ hr n[adma Ho$ {bE {Z‘m©U {H$`m Om ahm h¡&&

gm‘wX{¶H$ Aml¶ Ho$ ‘w»¶ CX²Xoe:

y d¡¶{º$H$ n[admam| Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ g^r gw{dYmAm| H$mo Kam| ‘o àXmZ H$aZm h¡& y g^r d¡¶{º$H$ Kadmbm| Ho$ {b¶o gm‘mÝ¶ Amdí¶H$ g^r gm¡bä¶ O¡go AÀN>o añVo, AÀN>r g§Mma ì¶dñWm, añVm| na Xrnm| H$s ì¶dñWm, Hy$S>m-{Zd©hU ¶moOZmAm| H$mo AnZmZm h¢&

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y g^r bmoJm| Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ CX²¶mZ, AñnVmb, BË¶m{X H$mo {Z{‘©V H$aZm h¡& y g‘wXm{¶H$ Aml¶ H$mo àmXo{eH$ ‘w»¶ amñVm| go OmoS>Zm h¡&

Eogo H$s{OEo:- AnZo {‘Ìm| Ho$ Mma g‘yh ~Zm bmo& àË¶oH$ g‘yh ‘| Mma {dÚmWu hm|& gm‘wXm{¶H$ Aml¶m| H$s B‘maV ‘| CnbãY gw{dXm-gm¡bä¶m| H$s gyMr V¡¶ma H$amo& AnZo {ejH$m| H$s ghm¶Vm bo bmo&

{ZåZ MmQ>© {Og‘| gm‘wXm{¶H$ Aml¶m| H$s B‘maVm| H$o$ {bE CnbãY hmo gH$Zodmbo gw{dYm-gm¡bä¶m| H$mo {XIm¶m J¶m h¡& Bg na Ü¶mZ Xmo&

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H$m¶©H$bmn : g‘wXm{¶H$ Aml¶m| Ho$ ~am~a gw{dYmE± VWm gm¡bä¶ nm¶o Om gHo$, Eogo ì¶¡¶{º$H$ Kam| H$m ³¶m {Z‘m©U {H$¶mOmZm gå^d h¡? {‘Ìmo| Ho$ gmW MMm©H$amo>

gm‘mÝ¶V… gm‘wXm{¶H$ Aml¶ ¶moOZmAm| H$mo Jm±dm| Ed‘² ZJam| ‘| gw¶mo½¶ ñWmZm| ‘| {Z{‘©V {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Jm±dm| ‘| gaH$ma| gm‘wXm{¶H$ Aml¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U H$a ahr

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h¡& ZJa AWdm Jm±dm| ‘| gm‘wXm{¶H$ Aml¶m| Ho$ {Z‘m©U ‘| AZoH$ g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m gm‘Zm H$aZm nS>Vm h¡&

D$na X{e©V {MÌ Aml¶ gå~§Yr Hw$N> g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo à{V{~på~V H$aVo h¢&

{ZåZ H$WZm| na Ü¶mZ Xmo& ZJa/Am¡a J«m‘rU àXoem| ‘| Aml¶ gå~§Yr Hw$N> g‘ñ¶m±E A{^ì¶³V hmoVr h¢& AÝ¶ g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo AnZo {‘Ì/gho{b¶m| Ho$ gmW M{M©V H$amo& ({ejH$m| H$s ghm¶Vm nmAmo&)

ZJa àXoe Ho$ Aml¶ gå~§Yr g‘ñ¶mE± :

* AÀN>r Am§V[aH$ Ma§S>r ì¶dñWm Zht hmoVr h¡&

* Hy$S>m {Zd©hU g‘ñ¶m hmoVr h¡&

* ~hþ ‘§{Pb Aml¶ B‘maVm| ‘| ¶Xm-H$Xm gå^dZr¶ A{¾ XþK©Q>ZmE± hmoVr h¡&

* ______________________________________________________

* ______________________________________________________

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J«m‘rU àXoem| ‘| Aml¶ gå~§Yr g‘ñ¶mE± :

* ñZmZJ«h, em¡Mmb¶m| H$s ì¶dñWm Zht hmoVr h¡&

* {dÚwV gw{dYm gm¡bä¶ Zht h¡&

* ewÕ nrZo Ho$ nmZr H$s gw{dYm Zht h¡&

* dmhZ g§Mma Ho$ {bE AÀN>o añVo Zht hmoVo h¢&

* Am§V[aH$ Ma§S>r ì¶dñWm Zht hmoVr h¡&

* ______________________________________________________

* ______________________________________________________

ZJa Am¡a J«m‘rU Aml¶ gå~§Yr g‘ñ¶mAm| na Ü¶mZ Xmo& EH$ AÀN>o ZJa/

J«m‘rU Aml¶ gå~§Yr Hw$N> gm¡bä¶m| na Ü¶mZ Xo&

CÎm‘ ZJa AWdm J«m‘rU Aml¶ gå~§Yr bjU:

* dm¶w VWm àH$me {dnwb‘mÌm ‘| {‘bVr h¡&

* àË¶oH$ Ka H$s N>V na dfm©Ob g§J«mhH$ ì¶dñWm hmoVr h¡&

* gm¡a D$Á¶m© go {dÚwV àmá hmoVr h¡&

* ^y{‘ ‘| Am§V[aH$ Ma§S>r ì¶dñWm hmoVr h¡&

* Hy$S>m {Zd©hU ì¶dñWm hmoVr h¡& Hy$S>o go Jmo~a V¡¶ma H$aZo H$s ì¶dñWm hmoVr h¡&

Hw$b {‘bmH$a Aml¶ gå~§Yr AÀN>r ì¶dñWm hmoZo go dhm± ahZodmbo nm[adm[aH$

gXñ¶m| H$mo Am¡a dhm§ Ho$ nS>mo{g¶m| H$mo ñdñW, g§VwîQ>, VWm gwIrOrdZ {‘boJm&

Aml¶ ‘| AÀN>r gw{dYm±E Am¡a gm¡bä¶ {‘bo Vmo dhm± Ho$ bmoJm| Ho$ ñdmñW²¶ Ho$

{bE gh¶moJr h¢&y

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nmR> - 11

Ðì¶ H$m ñd^mdh‘mao OrdZ ‘| h‘ AZoH$ dñVwAm| H$mo XoIVo h¢ Am¡a CZ ‘| Hw$N> dñVwAm| H$mo

Cn¶moJ H$aVo h¢& BZ dñVwAm| H$mo Ðì¶ ^r H$hVo h¢& EH$ dñVw Xÿgao Ho$ O¡gr Zht h¡& bo{H$Z ¶{X Vw‘ Ü¶mZ go XoIVo, Hw$N> dñVwAm| Ho$ JwU EH$ O¡go h¢& àË¶oH$ H$mo ¶h OmZZo {H$ CËgwH$Îmm hmoVr h¡ BZ dñVwAm| Ho$ gm‘mÝ¶ JwUY‘© ³¶m h¡? VWm ¶o dñVwE| {H$ggo ~Zt h¡? Eogr CËgwH$Vm g~H$mo h¡&

Bg nmR> H$mo grIZo Ho$ ~mX Vw‘, � Ðì¶ H$mo g‘PmoJo& � Ðì¶ Ho$ JwUm| H$m dU©Z H$a gH$moJo& � Ðì¶ H$s AdñWmAm| H$mo nhMmZ nmAmoJo& � Ðì¶ H$s AdñWmAmo| ‘| hmoZodmbo n[adV©Z J«hU H$amoJo& � Ðì¶am{e, YZËd, Xm~, CÜdnV²Z Am¡a ßbdZ Ho$ ~mao ‘| g‘PmoJo&

X¡{ZH$ OrdZ ‘| h‘ dñVwAm| H$mo {d{^ÝZ énm| ‘| XoIVo h¢&

H$m¶©H$bmn : h‘mao Amg nmg {‘bZodmbo Xg {~{^Þ dñVwAm| H$mo g§J«h H$amo&

nmZr g§J«h H$ê±$!

H$m¡Z-H$m¡Zgr dñVwAm| H$mo g§J«h H$é±?

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H$m¶©H$bmn : Vw‘Zo {OZ dñVwAm| H$mo g§J«h {H$¶m CÝh| T>§J go ì¶dpñWV H$aHo$ CZHo$ Zm‘ {bImo&

________ ________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________ ________ ________

¶{X Vw‘Zo {ZåZmZwgma dñVwAm| H$mo g§J«h {H$¶m h¡ Vmo hm± Ho$ {bE (3) Am¡a Zht Ho$ {bE (x) {MÝh bJmAmo&

y ³¶m Vw_Zo H$R>moa dñVw bmB© h¢?

y ³¶m CZ‘| H$moB© ‘¥Xþ dñVw h¡?

y ³¶m {H$gr dñVw H$mo ~moVb² AWdm H$R>moao ‘| g§J«h {H$¶m h¡?

y ³¶m {JaZo na XþQ>Zodmbr H$moB© dñVw h¡?

y nmZr ‘| KwbZodmbr H$moB© dñVw h¡?

y {‘Q²>Q>r ‘| {‘bZo na ³¶m H$moB© dñVw ImX ~ZVr h¡&

dmoh! ‘¢ Zo {d{^ÝZ àH$ma H$s dñVwAm| H$mo g§J«h

{H$¶m h¡&

D$na Ho$ H$m¶©H$bmn go Vwåh| ‘mby‘ nS>Vm h¡ {H$ dñVwE± AmH$ma, a§J, M‘H$ Am¡a KwbZo _| AbJ-AbJ hmoVr h¢&

H$m¶©H$bmn : Vwåhmao Am¡a Vwåhmao {‘Ì H$s dñVwAm| ‘| A§Va h¡ Vmo Ü¶mZ Xmo&

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Ðì¶ (dñVw)

n[aga ‘| {‘bZodmbr ¶o dñVwE| H¡$go {Z‘m©U hþB© h¢?

à¶moJÀ : WmoS>m MmH$ MyU© bmo, Cg‘| Vwåhmar D§$Jbr Sy>~mAmo Am¡a H$m§M na Cgo

{N>S>H$mAmo& CÎmb Vmb Ûmam BZ gyú‘ Q>wH$S>m| H$mo Ü¶mZ go XoImo &

³¶m BZ gyú‘ Q>wH$S>m| H$m Am¡a N>moQ>m H$a gH$Vo h¢? gmoMH$a à¶ËZ H$amo&

¶h g§^d Zht h¡&

³¶m CÝh| Am¡a N>moQ>m H$aZm g§^d Zht h¡? h‘mao Ü¶mZ ‘| AmVm h¡ {H$ BZ gyú‘ Q>w³S>m| H$mo {H$gr Vah go ^r, Am¡a N>moQ>m Zht H$a gH$Vo&

d¡km{ZH$ ê$n go dñVwAm| H$mo Ðì¶ H$hVo h¡& Ðì¶ N>moQ>o-N>moQ>o H$Um| go ~Zm h¡&

Ðì¶ Ho$ g~go N>moQ>o Q>wH$S>o H$mo H$U H$hVo h¡&

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gmo{MEo : {ZåZm| ‘| {X¶o hþE gyú‘ H$Um| H$m AZw^d ³¶m {H$gr g§X^© ‘| Vwåh| hþAm h¡?

y gwJ§{YV Ðì¶ Ho$ ereo H$mo ImobZo na gwJ§Y Ho$ gyú‘ H$U Vwåhmao ZmH$ VH$ H¡$go nhþ±Mo?

y Vwåh| H¡$go nVm Mbm {H$ ~Jb Ho$ H$‘ao H$s g’$mB© hmo ahr h¡? y bH$S>r ObmZo na AWdm {‘Q²>Q>r Ho$ Vob H$m {X¶m ObmZo na {ZH$bZodmbo H$mbo H$U N>V AWdm AÝ` H$ht g§J«{hV hþE h¢?

Ðì¶ ‘| CnpñWV H$U Am±Im| H$mo {XImB© Zht XoVr& Ðì¶ A{Vgyú‘ H$Um| go ~Zm h¡& AWm©V, Ñí¶ Ðì¶, AÑí¶ H$Um| go ~Zm h¡&

Ðì¶ H$m AW© ³¶m h¡?_______________________________________________________

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H$m¶©H$bmn : bä¶ H$Um| Ho$ {MÌm| H$mo g§J«{hV H$a {ZåZ ñWmZm| ‘| {M>nH$mAmo&

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H$m¶©H$bmn :H$moB© Ðì¶ bo bmo, CgHo$ N>moQ>o-N>moQ>o H$U ~ZmAmo& {Og Ðì¶ Ho$ Vw‘Zo gyú‘ H$U ~Zm¶| h¡ CgH$m Zm_ {bImo& bä¶ Ðì¶ Ho$ gyú‘ MyU© g§J«hH$a Vwåhmar H$jm ‘| {XImAm|&

Ðì¶ Ho$ JwUY‘©Ðì¶ H$o$ {deof JwU hmoVo h¡& Bg{bE BZ JwUY_m] H$mo à¶moJ Am¡a H$m¶©H$bmn

go g‘Po§Jo&

1. Ðì¶ ñWmZ J«hU H$aVm h¡:

H$m¶©H$bmn: Johÿ± H$m AmQ>m AWdm AÝ¶ H$moB© AmQ>m {S>ã~o go H$Q>moao ‘| âmo& {’$a go, Cg H$Q>moao ‘| AmQ>m ~mha Z {Jao O¡go âmo&

³¶m ¶h g§^d h¡? ³¶m Vw‘Zo H$Q>moao H$mo nyU© ê$n go âm h¡? H$Q>moao _| Am¡a A{YH$ AmQ>m âZo ³¶m H$aZm hmoJm? {S>ã~o H$m g^r AmQ>m H$Q>moao ‘| nyU©ê$n go âZo ³¶m| g§^d Zht h¡?

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à¶moJ : nmZr go âo EH$ ~rH$a H$mo EH$ ßboQ> ‘| aImo& {MÌ ‘| {XIm¶o O¡go, YmJo go ~ÝYo hþE C{MV Am‘mn Ho$ nËWa H$mo nmZr ‘| Sy>~mAmo&

* ~rH$a ‘| nËWa Sy>~mZo na ³¶m hþAm?

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nmZr ~mha ³¶m| {Jam?

* Eogm ³¶m| gmoMmo Am¡a AnZo {‘Ìm| _| MMm© H$amo&

EH$ Ðì¶, Xÿgao H$m ñWmZ, EH$ hr g‘¶ na J«hU Zht H$aVm& naÝVw Ðì¶ AdH$me J«hU H$aVm h¡&

• Vwåhmao Amg-nmg ‘| bä¶ Hw$N> Ðì¶m| Ho$ Zm‘ {bImo&

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dm`w EH$ Ðì¶ h¡& dm¶w, nmÌ H$m AmH$ma J«hU H$aVm h¡&

H$m¶©H$bmn : EH$ Jwã~mao ‘| hdm [aE& dm¶w Ho$ H$U H$_ {dab ê$n go {dV[aV h¢& Bg{bE EH$ Ðì¶ Ho$ gyj‘ H$U Xÿgao {dab ê$n go {dV[aV H$Um| H$m ñWmZ J«hU Zht H$a gH$Vm&

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H$m¶©H$bmn : ~rH$a _| {b¶o nrZr H$mo CÀN>mbo {~Zm Cg‘| WmoS>m e³H$a AWdm Z‘H$ {‘bmB©E&• ¶h H¡$go g§^d h¡? Vwåhmao {ejH$ Ho$ gmW MMm© H$amo&

gmo{MEo : EH$ dmhZ Ho$ Q>¶y~ ‘| A{YH$ dm¶w âZo na Q>¶y~ H$mo ³¶m hmoVm h¡?

Ðì¶ ‘| {d{^ÝZ àH$ma Ho$ Ñí¶ Am¡a AÑí¶ H$Um| go ~Zm hmoVm h¡&2. Ðì¶ H$m ^ma hmoVm h¡&H$m¶©H$bmn : y EH$ ^ma Vwbm¶§Ì bmo Am¡a CgHo$ gyB© H$m ñWmZ OmZ bmo

y A~ EH$ nbS>o 50 g. H$s H$moB© dñVw a{IV Am¡a gyB© H$m ñWmZ OmZ bmo

Vwåhmao {‘Ìmo| Ho$ gmW Vwåhmao nmg ahZo dñVwAm| H$m AWdm Vwåhmao H$jm ‘| {‘bZodmbr dñVwAmo| H$m ^ma bmo&

gmo{MEo

y ³¶m H$moB© Eogr dñVw h¡ {OgH$m ^ma Zht h¢?

y Vwbm¶§Ì Ho$ nbS>o ‘| EH$ Ðì¶ aImo&

y ³¶m XmoZm| nbS>m| H$mo g‘mZ aI gH$Vo h¢? ¶{X Zht Vmo ³¶m|?

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H$m¶©H$bmn : 3 kg Ho$ Mmd²b Ho$ W¡bo H$mo CR>mB©E& ~mX‘| EH$ Imbr W¡bo H$mo CR>mB©E & AnZm AZw^d {b{IE&

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Ðì¶, AZoH$ H$Um| H$m Hw$b ¶moJ h¡& CgH$m ^ma hmoVm h¡& Ðì¶ gyú‘ H$Um| go ~Zm h¡& Ðì¶ Ho$ H$Um| H$s g§»¶m CgHo$ ^ma na {Z^©a H$aVr h¡& dñVw Omo AdH$me Koa boVr Am¡a {OgH$m ^ma hmoVm h¡, Cgo Ðì¶ H$hVo h¡&

H$m¶©H$bmn : Ðì¶ Ho$ JwUK‘© {bImo :_____________________________________________________

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Ðì¶ H$s AdñWmE| :Ðì¶ ‘| H$Um| H$s ì¶dñWm Ho$ AZwgma, Ðì¶ Ho$ {d{^Þ AdñWmAm| H$mo nhMmZVo h¢&

H$m¶©H$bmn : gbmh H$m Cn¶moJ H$a {ZåZ Vm{bH$m nyU© H$amo :

ObmZo Ho$ {bE b

nrZso Ho$ {bE nm

ídmg boZo Ho$ {bE `w

y D$na {bIo JE Ðì¶m| Ho$ Zm‘m| H$mo ZrMo H$s Vm{bH$m ‘| ^[aE&

KZ H$R>moa dñVw

Ðd Omo nmÌ H$m AmH$ma J«hU H$aVm h¡&

A{Zb {Ogo h‘ nH$S> Zht gH$Vo/

AÑí¶/’¡$bVm h¢ Am¡a AZw^d H$aVo h¡&

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H$m¶©H$bmn : Vwåh| kmV nXmWm] H$mo KZ Ðd Am¡a A{Zbm| ‘| AbJ-AbJ H$aHo$ {bImo:

KZ : ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

Ðd : ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

A{Zb : ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

gmoMH$a BZ nXmWm] H$mo àË¶oH$ g‘yh ‘| dJuH¥$V H$amo: N>m±N>, ‘mo‘~Îmr, Xhr, {‘Q²>Q>r H$m Vob, H$mo¶bm, ehX, BªQ> H$m Qw>H$S>m, Yw±Am&

KZÀ Ðd A{Zb

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Ðì¶ H$mo VrZ ê$nm| ‘o nhMmZVo h¢… KZ, Ðd Am¡a A{Zb

y KZ ‘| H$U JhZo Am¡a H«$‘~Õ ê$n go ì¶dpñWV h¡& CXmhaU : nËWa, bmohm Am{X&

y Ðdm| ‘| H$U, KZ H$s Anojm T>rbo ê$n go ì¶dpñWV hmoVo h¢& CXmhaU : nmZr, XÿY, Am{X&

y A{Zbm| ‘| H$U {dab ê$n go ì¶dpñWV hmoVo h¢& CXmhaU : dm¶w, YwAm± Am{X&

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gmo{MEo : A{Zbm| H$s CnpñW{V AmnZo H$hm± XoIr h¡?

H$m¶©H$bmn : Ðd _| H$U, T>rbo ê$n go ì¶dpñWV hmoVo h¢ OmZZo Ho$ {bE, AmAmo h‘ EH$ à¶moJ H$a|&

y nmZr go nyU© ê$n go âm EH$ ~rH$a bmo, Cg‘| VrZ Jmo{b¶m± {JamB©E& A~, nmZr ~mha {JaVm (CN>bVm) h¡, ³¶m|? gmoMH$a {bImo& _______________________________________

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y EH$ Am¡a nmZr go âm ~rH$a bmo Omo Cgr JmÌ H$m hmo& Cg‘| VrZ Jmo{b¶m| Ho$ dOZ Ho$ g‘mZ e³H$a {‘bmB©E& nmZr Ho$ ñVa ‘| Vwåh| H$moB© A§Va {XIVm h¡? ¶hm§ {b{IE&

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nmZr ~mha ³¶m| Zht {Jam?

e³H$a Ho$ H$U, nmZr Ho$ H$Um| Ho$ gmW {‘b OmZo Ho$ H$maU, nmZr ~mha {JaVm Zht& gm‘mÝ¶ ê$n go, dñVwE| KZ, Ðd Am¡a A{Zb ê$n ‘| hmoVo h¢&

H$m¶©H$bmn : EH$ Jmobr H$mo Q>o~b, ßboQ, ~rH$a BË¶m{X na a{IE& CgHo$ AmH$ma Am¡a JmÌ ‘| Vw_ H$moB© A§Va XoIVo hmo?

KZ Ho$ AmH$ma Am¡a JmÌ AmgmZr go Zht ~XbVo&

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H$m¶©H$bmn : nmZr H$mo O~ h‘ ~rH$a, ßboQ> AWdm nmobrWrZ W¡br ‘| boVo h¡, ³¶m nmZr Ho$ AmH$ma ‘| H$moB© A§Va XoIVo h¢?

Ðd, nmÌ H$m AmH$ma J«hU H$aVo h¢&

H$m¶©H$bmn : EH$ AJa~Îmr ObmH$a CgHo$ Yw±Eo H$mo {H$gr Oma ‘| ’¡$bZo N>moS> Xmo& Yw±Eo Ho$ AmH$ma Ho$ ~mao ‘| Vw‘ ³¶m H$hmoJo?

A{Zb g§nyU© nmÌ ‘| ’¡$bVo h¢ Am¡a Am¶VZ ‘| ~Xb hmoVm h¡&

H$m¶©H$bmn : AmAmo,dm¶w H$m ^ma hmoVm h¡ OmZZo Ho$ {bE à¶moJ H$aVo h¢&

50 cm b§~r bH$S>r bmo& EH$ {gao na dm¶w go âm Jwã~mam ~m±{YE Am¡a

Xÿgar Amoa EH$ Imbr Jwã~mam ~m±Ymo& bH$S>r Ho$ ‘Ü¶ ‘| EH$ YmJm ~m±Ymo Amoa

Cgo ‘w³V ê$n nH$S>mo& Vwåh| ³¶m {XImB© XoVm h¡ ¶hm± {b{IE&

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H$m¶©H$bmn : {ZMbm {MÌ Ü¶mZ go XoImo& Bg H$m¶©H$bmn _| Vwåhmao {ejH$ H$s ghm¶Vm bmo&

1. EH$ g‘Vb gVh na nmZr go 2. nmZr go âo ~rH$a H$mo VraÀN>o âo EH$ ~rH$a a{IE Am¡a Ü¶mZ ê$n ‘| aIH$a Ü¶mZ Xr{OE& Xr{OE & nmÌ _| CnbãY AdH$me Ho$ AZwgma Ðd H$m AmH$ma ~XbVm h¡&

Yw±E go âm Oma grYm aIm h¡& Yw±E go âm Oma {VaÀN>m aIm h¡&

A{Zb ^r {H$g Vah H$m nmÌ hmoVm h¡ d¡go hr {dg[aV hmoVm h¡&

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AmAmo h‘ Iobo :

Imbr H$mS>m] na Hw$N> KZ, Ðd Am¡a A{Zbm| Ho$ Zm‘ {b{IE& EH$ d¥Îm H$mo

bJH$a Vw‘ Am¡a Vwåhmao ghnmR>r IS>o ahmo& d¥Îm Ho$ AÝXa g^r H$mS>m] H$mo aImo

Am¡a Xm¡S>Zm ewé H$amo& Xÿgao EH$ {‘Ì H$mo {gQ²>Q>r ~OmH$a amoH$Zo H${hE Am¡a H$mS>m]

na {bIo Zm‘ Kmo{fV H$aZo H${hE& Kmo{fV Zm‘ na IS>m {dÚmWu H$mo ~mha

OmZm nS>Vm h¡& A^r Bgr H«$‘ H$mo EH$ hr ì¶{º$ ahZo VH$ XmohamBE& CgH$m

A{^Z§X‘ H$s{OEo Am¡a Cgo Hw$N> KZ, Ðd Am¡a A{Zbm| Ho$ CXmhaU XoZo H${hE&

nmZr

Yw±Am

{S>ãdm

nËWa

XÿY{g¸$m

n¡pÝgb

n¡Q´>mob

N>m§N>

A{Zb

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D${MV eãXm| go [aº$ ñWmZm| H$mo âmo: $

Ðì` H$s.......AdñWmE± h¢&

KZ Ðd A{Zb

{ZpíMVJmÌ_____AmH$ma____CXmhaU :

{ZpíMVJmÌ_____AmH$ma____CXmhaU :

{ZpíMVJmÌ_____AmH$ma___ CXmhaU :

Ðì¶ na Cî_m H$m à^md&

H$m¶©H$bmn : {MÌ ‘| {XIm¶o O¡go EH$ YmpËdH$ db¶ H$mo ñQ>m§S> na bJmAmo Vm{H$ EH$ bmobH$ Cg‘| go nm[aV hmo gH$o$& bmoho Ho$ Jmobm ~m§Ym bmobH$ boH$a Cgo db¶ ‘| go nm[aV H$amo

({e{jH$ H$s ghm¶Vm bmo)

y Jmobm db` Ûmam Š`m| nm[aV hþAm?

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y A~ bmoho Ho$ Jmobo H$mo Ja‘ H$amo, Cgo db¶ Ûmam nm[aV H$s{OE& ³¶m dh nm[aV hþAm? ³¶m|?

H$m¶©H$bmn : EH$ ~’©$ H$m Q>w>H$Sm ßboQ> ‘| aImo Am¡a Cgo Xg {‘{ZQ> VH$ Ego hr ahZo Xmo&

AmnH$mo ³¶m {XImB© XoVm h¡? ¶hm§ {b{IE&

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H$m¶©H$bmn : EH$ H$m§M Ho$ eremo ‘| AmYo Am¶VZ VH$ a§JrZ nmZr CgHo$ Am¡a Cgo EH$ a§Y«dmbo H$mJ go ~§X H$s{OE (O¡go {MÌ {XIm¶m J¶m h¡& A~ EH$ Xþ~br nmaXe©H$ Z{bH$m ~moVb ‘| ào{fV H$amo&)

y A~ {MÌ ‘§ {XIm¶o O¡go ~moVb H$mo XmoZm| hWo{b¶m| go JmobmH$ma‘| aJ{S>E& Z{bH$m Ho$ nmZr H$m ñVa Xo{IE Am¡a CgHo$ ~mao ‘| ¶hm± {b{IE&

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y Amn Ho$ hWo{b¶m| go ~moVb H$mo aJSZo go ~moVb Ho$ A§Xa ³¶m n[adV©Z hþAm? ³¶m? ____________________________________________________

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Cna Ho$ H$m¶©H$bmn go h‘Zo g‘Pm h¡ {H$ Ðì¶ H$m JmÌ Ja‘ H$aZo go ~XbVm h¡& Ja‘ H$aZo go Ðì¶ ‘o {dH$gZ hmoVm h¡& Bg{bE KZ, Ðd Am¡a A{Zb Ja‘ H$aZo go {dH${gV hmoVo h¢&

{ZåZ dñVwAm| H$mo Ja‘ H$aZo go ³¶m hmoVm h¡&

‘mo‘~Îmr

Hw$³H$a H$m Mmdb

nmZr

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EH$ dñVw H$s AdñWm ‘| n[adV©Z :

EH$ dñVw H$mo Ja‘ H$aZo go CgH$m Vmn‘mZ ~T>Vm h¡ Am¡a CgH$s AdñWm Cî_m Ho$ H$maU ~XbVr h¡&

¶mo½¶ Ðì¶ H$s AdñWm go [aº$$ ñWmZ âmo:-

1. ~’©$ H$m VwH$S>m Ja‘ H$aZo na ____________

2. nmZr C~mbZo na ____________

3. ~mîn H$mo R>§S>m H$aZo na ____________

4. nmZr H$mo R>§Sm H$aZo na ____________

Vmn‘mZ ~XbZo na Ðì¶ H$s EH$ AdñWm Xÿgao ‘o ~XbVr h¡& Bgo dñVw H$s AdñWm ‘| n[adV©Z hmoZm H$hVo h¡&

Ja‘ H$aZo na AZoH$ KZ, Ðd AdñWm ‘| n[ad{V©V hmoVo h¢& Cî_m ~T>Zo na, KZ, Ðd ‘|, Ðd A{Zb ‘| n[ad{V©V hmoVo h¢& BgrVah A{Zb H$mo R>§S>m H$aZo na Ðd Am¡a Ðd, KZ ‘| n[ad{V©V hmoVo h¢&

KZÀ ÐdÀ A{Zb ÐdÀ KZJa‘ H$aZo

naJa‘ H$aZo

naR>§S>m H$aZo

naR>§S>m H$aZo

na

CXmhaU :

R>§S>m H$aZo naR>§S>m H$aZo na

Ja‘ H$aZo naJa‘ H$aZo na ~mîn (A{Zb)

~’©$ H$m Qw>H$S>m(KZ)

nmZr

H$m¶©H$bmn : Qy>Q>r MyS>r H$m Qw>H$S>m Ja‘ H$a Cgo {ZpíMV AmH$ma XoZo, Cgo ‘mo{S>E VWm Cgo X’$Vo na bJmBò&

(AnZo {ejH$ / nmbH$ H$m gh¶moJ bmo)

nyd© Ho$ à¶moJ go Vw‘ Zo grIm h¡ {H$ dñVwE| Ja‘ H$aZo na {dH${gV hmoVr h¢&

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H$m¶©H$bmn : bmohma AnZo H$maImZm| ‘| YmVwAm| H$mo Ja‘ H$aHo$ {ZpíMV AmH$ma XoVo h¢&

bmohm ³¶m| Ja‘ H$aVo h¢?

gmoMH$a ¶hm± {bImo&

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Cî‘m EH$ dñVw go Xÿgao ‘| ñWmZm§V[aV hmoVr h¡&CXmhaU : H$nS>m| H$mo Bór H$aZm&

Cî‘m go EH$ dñVw ‘| n[adV©Z hmoVo h¢& BgHo$ {bE CXmhaU Xmo&

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CÜd©nVZ:

à¶moJ : EH$ ~mînrH$aU {S>e ‘| Hw$N> Zo’$VbrZ Jmo{b¶m± br{OE& Cgo H$m§M Ho$ H$sn go T>H$ Xr{OE, O¡go {MÌ ‘| {XIm¶m h¡& WmoS>r éB© go H$sn Ho$ Xÿgao A§V H$mo ~§X H$s{OE& {S>e H$mo Yrao-Yrao Ja‘ H$s{OE& Zo’$VbrZ Xþ{Y¶m ~mîn ‘| n[ad{V©V hmoVm h¡ Am¡a H$sn Ho$ AÝVñW mJm| ‘| g§J«{hV hmoVm h¡& Ja‘ H$aZm amoH$ Xr{OE Am¡a ³¶m hmoVm h¡ Xo{IE& AnZm {ZarjU ¶hm± {b{IE&

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Zo’$VbrZ ~mîn

éB©

CëQ>m H$sn

ZoâVbrZ ‘{U^

....??~mîdrH$aU {S>e

~Z©a

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h‘ OmZVoo h¢ {H$, KZ dñVwAm| H$mo Ja‘ H$aZo go nhbo Ðd ‘| ~mX ‘| ~mîn ‘| n[ad{V©V hmoVo h¢& BgrVah, ~mîn H$mo R>§S>m H$aZso go nhbo Ðd ‘|, ~mX ‘| KZ ‘| n[ad{V©V hmoVo h¢, VWm CgH$m {dnarV ^r gË¶ h¡& {~Zm Ðd AdñWm _o§ n[ad{V©V hþE grYo ~mîn ‘| n[ad{V©V hmoZo H$mo CÜd©nVZ H$hVo h¢&

CXmhaU : H$nya, A¶moS>rZ

gmo{MEo : Ab‘mar ‘| aIo Zo’$WbrZ Jmo{b`m| H$mo Hw$N> {XZm| Ho$ ~mX ³¶m hmoVm h¡?

Ðì¶amer

H$m¶©H$bmn : EH$ ‘mo‘~Îmr gwbJmB©E Am¡a Xo{IE ‘mo‘ H$mo ³¶m hmoVm h¡? A~

‘mo‘~Îmr ~wPmB©E Am¡a {nKbo ‘mo‘ H$mo Xo{IE Am¡a {ZarjU ¶hm± {b{IE&

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{ZåZm| Ho$ {bE CXmhaU Xr{OE (AnZo {ejH$ AWdm nmbH$ H$m gh¶moJ br{OE)

KZ Ðd KZ Ja‘ H$aZo na R>§S>m H$aZo na

KZÀ A{Zb KZ Ja‘ H$aZo na R>§S>m H$aZo na

H$m¶©H$bmn : Vwbm¶§Ì Cn¶moJH$a, AnZo {‘Ìm| Ho$ gmW {d{^Þ dñVwAm| H$m dOZ ‘mby‘ H$s{OE Am¡a {bIH$a a{IE (CXmhaU Xo{IE)

Mmdb S>ñQ>a ‘y±J’$br

5 kg

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EH$ dñVw AWdm EH$ nXmW© ~ZZo Ho$ {bE Cg‘| gå~Õ Hw$b Ðì¶ H$s ‘mÌm H$mo Ðì¶am{e H$hVo h¢& Ðì¶am{e H$mo dOZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| ‘mnVo h¢&

Ðì¶am{e H$s AÝVamîQ´>r¶ BH$mB© {H$bmoJ«m‘ (kg) h¡&

KZËd gm‘mÝ¶ ê$n go Egm ³¶m| H$hm OmVm h¡ {H$ H$nmg hëH$m Am¡a bmohm ^mar

hmoVm h¡? ¶hm± H$maU {b{IE&_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________O~ Xmo g‘mZ JmÌ Ho$ dñVwAm| H$m dOZ ‘mnVo h¡, EH$ H$m dOZ A{YH$ hmo

gH$Vm h¡ Xÿgam H$‘ dOZ H$m hmo gH$Vm h¡& gm‘mÝ¶ ê$n go H$hVo h¢ {H$ H$‘ dOZ H$s dñVw H$m KZËd H$‘ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a A{YH$ dOZ H$s$ ìmñVw H$m KZËd A{YH$ hmoVm h¡&

H$m¶©H$bmn : EH$ Oma ‘| EH$ H$n nmZr Am¡a EH$ H$n Vob br{OE,

do {‘{lV Zht hmoVo h¢, Am¡a CÝh| AbJ AbJ XoI gH$Vo h¢& ³¶m|?

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_____________________________________________

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H$m¶©H$bmn : ~S>m| go nyN>H$a OmZ br{OE nwamZo g‘¶ ‘| dñVwAmo| H$s ‘mÌm _mnZo

H$m¡Z-H$m¡Z go gmYZ Cn¶moJ H$aVo Wo?

Mmdb - nmd

nT>H$a OmZ br{OE

y 1000 mg = 1 g y 1000 g = 1 kg y 100 kg = 1 quintal y 1000 kg = 1 ton

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gmo{ME : H$m¡Zgm A{YH$ ^mar h¡& 1 kg H$nmg AWdm 1 kg bmohm?

KZËd EH$ BH$mB© Am¶VZ ‘| g‘m{dîQ> Ðì¶am{e h¡& gm‘mÝ¶ ‘o§ KZ dñVwAm| H$m KZËd Ðd go A{YH$ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Ðd H$m KZËd dm¶w H$s Anojm A{YH$ hmoVm h¡&

KZËd, 1 KZ cm Am¶VZ ‘| EH$ dñVw H$s Ðì¶amer h¡ & KZËd H$s A§VamîQ´>r¶ BH$mB© kg/m3 ({H$bmo J«m‘ à{V KZ ‘rQ>a)&

Xm~

H$m¶©H$bmn : EH$ Q>‘ba> ‘| nmZr br{OE& ãboS> H$mo jm¡{VO én Cg‘| a{IE, dh ßbdZ H$aVm h¡& Cgr ãboS> H$mo nm§Zr H$s gVh H$mo b§~ én ‘| a{IE Xo{IE ³¶m hmoVm h¡&

(ãboS Cn¶moJ H$aVo g‘¶ {ejH$ / nmbH$m| H$m gh¶moJ b|&

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H$m¶©H$bmn : H$‘ Am¡a A{YH$ KZËd dñVwAm| H$s gyMr ~ZmAmo & (Am`VZ g_mZ hmo)

H$‘ KZËd

Vob

A{YH$ KZËd

nmZr

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¶Ú{n ãboS> H$s Ðì¶amer dhr h¡, nhbo Ho$ g§X^© ‘| ßbdZ H$aVm h¡ Vmo Xÿgao ‘| Sy>~Vm h¡&

ãboS> j¡{VOê$n ‘| aIZo go, CgH$s Ðì¶amer {dñV¥V hmoVr h¡& Bg{bE BH$mB© joÌ na ’¡$br Ðì¶am{e H$‘ h¡& AV… ãboS> ßbdZ H$aVm h¡&

ãboS>, nmZr H$s gVh H$mo b§~ê$n ‘| aIVo h¡ dh Sy>~Vm h¡ ³¶m|{H$ Ðìàmer H$‘ joÌ ‘| ’¡$bVr h¡& Bg{bE n[aUm‘ BH$mB© joÌ na ’¡$bo Ðì¶amer na {Z^©a H$aVm h¡& Bgo Xm~ H$hVo h¢& Xm~, BH$mB© joÌ na bJm¶m ~b h¡&

H$m¶©H$bmn : nmZr go âo ~rH$a ‘| Yrao go EH$ nËWa S>y>~mB©E& y Amn ³¶m XoIVo h¢ ¶hm± {b{IE&

_____________________________________

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nmZr go âo ÐmoU ‘| bH$S>r V»Vm Sy>~mB©E&

y Amn ³¶m XoIVo, ¶hm± {b{IE&

__________________________________

__________________________________

EH$ dñVw H$mo O~ nmZr ‘| Sy>~mVo h¢, dh nmZr na AYmo‘wIr ~b à¶moJ H$aVm h¡ Am¡a nmZr dñVw na CÜd©‘wIr ~b à¶moJ H$aVm h¡& ¶{X dñVw na à¶w³V CÜd©‘wIr ~b, AYmo‘wIr ~b go A{YH$ hmo Vmo dñVwE| ßbdZ H$aVr h¡& Bg _o à`w³V CÜd©‘wIr ~b H$mo CÎmßbdbZ H$hVo h¢&

Mma dñVwAm| Ho$ Zm_ {b{IE Omo nmZr _| ßbdZ H$aVr h¢:

1. _______________________ 2. _______________________

3. _______________________ 4. _______________________

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Hw$N> dñVwE| nmZr _| ßbdZ H$aVr h¡ Vmo Hw$N> Sy>~Vr h¡&

gmo{ME :

y EH$ ~oS>m nmZr ‘| Sy>~Vm Zht ³¶m|? y noS> Ho$ V»Vm| H$mo {H$g H$s ghm¶Vm go Sy>~mH$a aIVo h¢? ³¶m|?

H$m¶©H$bmn : nmZr ‘| Hw$N> N>moQ>r dñVwAm| H$mo S>m{bE& CZ dñVwAm| H$mo ³¶m hþAm ¶hm± {b{IE&

dñVwE| Omo nmZr ‘o ßbdZ H$aVr h¡& dñVwE| Omo nmZr ‘| Sy>~Vr h¡&

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________

H$m¶©H$bmn : {MÌ ‘| {XIm¶o O¡go EH$ Oma ‘| nmZr nmZr br{OE& {’$a Cg‘| Jmobr, {g³H$m, gyIr nÎmr, bH$S>r H$m V»Vm, ñQ´>m Am{X S>m{bE& AnZo {‘Ìm| H$mo àË¶oH$ dñVw H$s pñW{V XoIH$a H$hZo ~mo{bE&

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H$m¶©H$bmn : {MÌ ‘| {XIm¶o O¡go H$m§M Ho$ Xmo Oma ‘| nmZr â Xr{OE& EH$ Oma ‘| e³H$a Ho$ H$Um| H$mo S>m{bE Am¡a Xÿgao ‘| H$mo¶bo H$m MyU© S>m{bE&

³¶m e³H$a Am¡a H$mo¶bo H$m MyUª nmZr ‘| Kwb OmVo h¡? {ZarjU H$aHo$ ¶hm± {b{IE&

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

Hw$N> dñVwE| nmZr ‘| Kwb OmVr h¡& Bgo {dbo¶erbVm H$hVo h¡& Hw$N> dñVwE| nmZr ‘| Zht KwbVr&

H$m¶©H$bmn : {ZåZ dñVwAm| H$mo nmZr ‘| S>mbH$a {dbmo{S>V H$s{OE& CZ dñVwAm|

H$mo ³¶m hmoVm h¡& ¶hm± {b{IE& Z‘H$, aoV, e³H$a, {‘Q²>Qs> H$m Vob, hëXr MyU©, e³H$a IÊS>, Zm[a¶b Vob, XÿY&

nmZr ‘| {dbo¶erb dñVwE| nmZr ‘| A{dbo¶erb dñVwE|

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________

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H$m¶©H$bmn : {ZMo Ho$ [aº$ ñWmZm| ‘| CXmhaU {b{IE :

¶hm± ³¶m

{bI§y?

³¶m Sy>~Zodmbr

dñVwE| {bIy§?

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Zht KwbZodmbr

dñVwE| ¶hm± {XImB© Xo

ahr h¢&Bg ‘|

³¶m

Kwbm h¢?

dmoh! h‘Zo AZoH$ gmar dñVwAm| H$mo

g‘Pm h¡&

!!

Ðì¶ ‘| CnpñWV H$Um| H$s ì¶dñWm Ho$ AmYma na Ðì¶ Ho$ VrZ AdñWmE| nhMmZr OmVr h¢, do h¢ - KZ, Ðd Am¡a A{Zb& BgHo$ Abmdm Ðì¶ H$mo _ybVËd, `m¡{JH$ Am¡a {‘lU Ho$ ê$n ‘| dJuH¥$V h¡& Bg dJuH$aU Ho$ ~mao ‘| Amn AJbo nmR> ‘| nT>|J|&

y

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nmR> - 12

‘ybVËd, ¶m¡{JH$ VWm {‘jU

h‘ à{V{XZ AZoH$ Ðì¶mo§ H$mo Cn¶moJ H$aVo h¢& àH¥${V ‘| CnbãY hmoZodmbo Ðì¶m| ‘| AUw AWdm g§¶w³V AUwAm| go g‘m{dîQ> hmoVo h¡& BZ g§¶w³V AUwAm| H$mo {d^m{OV H$aZo na ‘ybVËd àmá hmoVo h¢& ‘ybVËd H$m g~ go N>moQ>o KQ>H$ H$mo na‘mUw H$hVo h¢& na‘mUw ‘ybVËd Ho$ dhr JwUm| go ¶w³V g~go N>moQ>m KQ>H$ h¡& Hw$N> na‘mUw AmgmZr go Xÿgam| go OwS>H$a AbJ-AbJ Ðì¶ V¡¶ma H$aVo h¢& Ðì¶ ‘| CnpñWV na‘mUwAm| Ho$ AmYma CÝh| ‘ybVËd, ¶m¡{JH$ Am¡a {‘lUm| ‘| dJuH¥$V H$aVo h¡&

Bg nmR> H$mo grIZo Ho$ ~mX Vw‘, � Ðì¶m| H$mo ‘ybVËd, ¶m¡{JH$ Am¡a {‘lUm| ‘| dJuH¥$V H$aVo h¢& � ‘ybVËd, ¶m¡{JH$ Am¡a {‘lU Ho$ ~rM Ho$ AÝVa nhMmZVo h¢&

‘ybVËd

‘ybVËd A{V gyú‘H$Um| go ~Zo h¢& ¶o EH$ hr JwUm| Ho$ H$Um| go ~Zo h¢&

CXmhaU : Am³grOZ __ O

h¡S´>moOZ __ H

‘ybVËdm| H$mo amgm¶{ZH$ ê$n go {d^m{OV Zht H$a gH$Vo Am¡a AbJ-AbJ ‘ybVËdm| H$mo g§e{bîQ H$a gH$Vo h¡&

Hw$N> ‘ybVËd àmH¥${VH$ ê$n go bä¶ h¢ Vmo Hw$N> ‘ybVËdm| H$mo H¥${Ì‘ ê$n go V¡¶ma {H$¶o JE h¢&

CXmhaU : àmH¥${VH$ ‘ybVËd - gmoZm H¥${Ì‘ ‘ybVËd - ßb¶yQ>mo{Z¶‘

‘ybVËdm| H$mo YmVw Ed§ AYmVwAm| ‘| dJuH¥$V {H$¶m J¶m h¡& YmVw Am¡a AYmVwAm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| AJbr H$jmAm| ‘| nT>|oJ|&

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¶m¡{JH$:

Xmo AWdm A{YH$ dñVwE| amgm¶{ZH$ én go g§¶mo{OV hmoVo h¡ Vmo ¶m¡{JH$ V¡¶ma hmoVo h¢& Bg ‘| {d{^Þ ‘ybVËdm| Ho$ na‘mUwAm| Ho$ g‘yh hmoVo h¡&

Xmo AWdm A{YH$ ‘ybVËd amgm¶{ZH$ ê$n go {Z{X©îQ> AZwnmV ‘| g§¶mo{OV hmoZo na Z¶o JwUY‘© H$s dñVw V¡¶ma hmoVr h¡ Cgo ""¶m¡{JH$'' H$hVo h¡&

CXmhaU : nmZr - H2O

h¡S´>moOZ Am¡a Am³grOZ 2:1 AZwnmV ‘| amgm¶{ZH$ ê$n go g§¶mo{OV hmoZo na V¡¶ma hþAm ¶m¡{JH$ nmZr h¡&

¶m¡{JH$m| H$mo gy{MV H$aZo AUwgyÌ Cn¶moJ H$aVo h¢&

nT>H$a - g‘P br{OE : AUw Ho$ na‘mUwAm| H$s g§»¶mAm| H$mo amgm¶{ZH$ g§Ho$Vm| Ûmam gy{MV H$aZo H$mo AUwgyÌ H$hVo h¢&

AUwgyÌ ¶m¡{JH$ H$m¡Z go ‘ybVËdm| go ~Zm h¡ ~VmZo Ho$ Abmdm na‘mUwAm| H$s g§»¶m gy{MV H$aVm h¡& ¶m¡{JH$ ‘| CgHo$ ‘yb KQ>H$m| Ho$ JwU-Zht hmoVo&

CXmhaU : e³H$a H$m~©Z, h¡S´>moOZ Am¡a Am³grOZ go ~Zm h¡& naÝVw e³H$a ‘| BZHo$ {H$gr Ho$ r JwU Zht hmoVo h¡& ¶m¡{JH$ Ho$ KQ>H$m| H$mo AmgmZr go {d^m{OV Zht H$a gH$Vo&

nT>H$a - g‘P br{OE : à{V{XZ Cn¶w³V gmo{S>¶‘ ³bmoamBS> (Z‘H$) br{OE& ¶h gmo{S>¶‘ Am¡a ³bmo[aZ go ~Zm ¶m¡{JH$ h¡& ^bo gmo{S>¶‘ Am¡a ³bmo[aZ XmoZm| {df¡bo h¡& CZHo$ g§¶moJ go ~Zm Z‘H$

{df¡bm Zht h¡& Bgo à{V{XZ Cn¶moJ H$aVo h¢&

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{‘lU

h‘ X¡{ZH$ OrdZ ‘| AZoH$ {‘lUm| H$mo XoIVo h¢& {‘lU Xmo AWdm A{YH$

dñVwAm| ‘o ~Zr dñVwE| hmoVr h¢&

Xmo AWdm A{YH$ dñVwE| (‘ybVËd AWdm ‘m¡{JH$) {H$gr ^r AZwnmV ‘§ {‘b

OmZo na, `{X do amgm¶{ZH$ n[adV©Z hþE {~Zm AnZo ‘yb JwUm| H$mo ~Mm¶o aIVo

h¢ Vmo Cg dñVw H$mo {‘lU H$hVo h¢&

CXmhaU: {‘Q²>Q>r - aoV, {MH$Zr {‘Q²>Q>r AZoH$ àH$ma Ho$ bdU VWm gñ¶

Am¡a n«mUr¶m| Ho$ Adeofm| H$m {‘lU h¡&

[a³V ñWmZm| H$mo g‘w{MV nXm| go âmo.

1. ‘ybVËd ‘| EH$ hr àH$ma Ho$ __________ H$m g‘yh hmoVm h¡&

2. ¶m¡{JH$ ‘| {d{^Þ __________ na‘mUwAm| H$m g‘yh hmoVm h¡&

3. ¶m¡{JH$ EH$ ______________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

4. {‘lU ¶h _______________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

5. {ZåZm| Ho$ àË¶oH$ Ho$ 5 CXmhaU {bImo ({ejH$m| H$s ghm¶Vm bmo) _______

‘ybVËd ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

¶m¡{JH$ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

{‘lU ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

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‘ybVËd, ¶m¡{JH$ Am¡a {‘lU KZ, Ðd AWdm A{Zb hmo gH$Vso h¢&

‘ybVËd ¶m¡{JH$ {‘lU

KZ bmohm e³H$a {‘Q²>Q>r

Ðd nmam nmZr g‘wÐ H$m nmZr

A{Zb Am³grOZH$m~©Z S>m¶ Am³gmBS>(gm‘mÝ¶ Vmn‘mZ na)

dm¶w

¶m¡{JH$ Am¡a {‘lUm| Ho$ ~rM H$m A§Va

¶m¡{JH$ {‘lU

1. Xmo AWdm A{YH$ ‘ybVËd amg¶{ZH$ ê$n go {‘b OmZo na ¶m¡{JH$ ~ZVo h¢&

Xmo AWdm A{YH$ dñVw ^m¡{VH$ ê$n go {‘b OmZo na {‘lU V¡¶ma hmoVo h¢&

2. ¶m¡{JH$ Ho$ KQ>H$ dñVw {Z{X©îQ> AZwnmV AWdm à‘mU ‘| {‘{lV hmoVo h¢&

{‘lU Ho$ KQ>H$ dñVw {H$gr ^r à‘mU ‘| {‘{lV hmo gH$Vo h¢&

3. ¶m¡{JH$m| Ho$ KQ>H$ dñVw EH$ ~ma {‘{lV hmoZo Ho$ ~mX AnZo ‘yb JwUm| H$mo Zht ~Zm¶o aIVo&

{‘lU Ho$ KQ>H$ dñVwE| AnZo ‘yb JwUm| H$mo ~Zm¶o aIVo h¢&

4. ¶m¡{JH$ Ho$ KQ>H$ dñVwAm| H$mo gab ê$n go ({~Zm amgm¶{ZH$ {H«$¶m) AbJ Zht H$a gH$Vo&

{‘lU Ho$ KQ>H$ dñVwAm| H$mo gab {dYmZm| go AbJ H$a gH$Vo h¢&

y

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nmR> - 13

{dñ‘¶H$mar D$Om©h‘ {Og {díd ‘| ahVo dh Ðì¶ Am¡a D$Om© go ~Zm h¡& ¶h Vw_Zo {nN>bo nmR>

‘| grIm h¡& ‘Zwî¶ n[aga H$m EH$ A{^ÝZ A§J h¡& ‘Zwî¶ Zo n[aga Ho$ AZoH$ ñd^m{dH$ KQ>ZmAm| H$mo g‘P {b¶m h¡& n[aga ‘| hmoZodmbo n[adV©Zm| Ho$ H$maUm| H$mo OmZZo H$m à¶ËZ {H$¶m h¡& àH¥${V Ho$ {dñ‘¶m| H$mo d¡km{ZH$ ê$n go gmoMH$a g‘Pm h¡& h‘ àm{V{XZ ~b, H$m¶©, D$Om© Am{X nXm| H$m Cn¶moJ H$aVo h¢& ¶o ³¶m h¢? AmAmo BÝh| OmZ boVo h¢&

Bg nmR> H$mo grIZo Ho$ ~mX Vw‘, � H$m¶© eãX H$m AW© g‘PmoJo& � H$m¶© H$aZo D$Om© Amdí¶H$ h¡, ¶h g‘PmoJo& � D$Om© Ho$ {d{^Þ ê$nm| Ho$ CXmhaU Am¡a CZHo$ Cn¶moJ Xo gH$moJo& � D$Om© EH$ ê$n go Xÿgao ‘| n[ad{V©V hmoVr h¡, nhMmZmoJo& � D$Om© g§ajU H$m ‘hËd nhMmZmoJo&

H$m¶©h‘ X¡{ZH$ OrdZ Ho$ H$m¶©H$bmnm| ‘| gm‘mÝ¶ ê$n go gwZmB© XoZodmbm eãX h¡,

H$m¶©& naÝVw H$m¶© eãX H$m ñnï> AW© h¡&

D$na Ho$ {MÌ ‘| a‘oe Am¡a aerXm XmoZm| à¶ËZnyd©H$ ~b à¶moJ H$aHo$ H$m‘ H$a ah| h¢& a‘oe Hw±$Eo go nmZr {ZH$mbZo H$m H$m‘ nyU© H$a gH$Vm h¡& bo{H$Z aerXm {OVZm ^r à¶ËZ H$a| Xrdma gaH$m Zht gHo$Jr&

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¶hm±, EH$ dñVw na à¶w³V ~b Cg dñVw H$mo Cgr {Xem ‘| J{Verb H$ao Vmo H$m¶© hmoZo H$m AW© hmoVm h¡&

D$na H$ho JE g^r H$m¶m] H$mo Vw‘ ~b bJmH$a H$aVo hmo& EH$ dñVw na O~ ~b à¶moJ H$aVo h¡ Vmo dh dñVw H$mo {dñWm{nV H$aVm h¡& H$m¶© dñVw na à¶w³V ~b Ho$ à‘mU na {Z^©a H$aVm h¡&

H$m¶©H$bmn : Vw‘go {H$¶o OmZodmbo 5 H$m`m] Ho$ Zm‘ {bImo (CXmhaU XoImo)

y nmZr bmZm

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H$m¶©H$bmn : AmO Vw‘go {H$¶o Jò 3 H$m¶© {bImo&

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H$m¶© H$aZo D$Om© H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡

D$na Ho$ {MÌ ‘| H$m¡Z-H$m¡Z go H$m¶© {H$¶o JE h¡? ¶hm± Xr JB© OJh na {bImo&

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H$m¶©H$bmn : {ejH$ {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ g‘yh ~ZmH$a H$m¶©H$bmn H$amVo h¡&CXmhaU :

y noS>m| H$mo nmZr XoZm& y {MÌ ItMZm& y H$jm Ho$ ~|Mm| H$mo T>§J go ì¶dpñWV H$aZm&

gmo{ME : Cna H$ho JE H$m¶©H$bmnm| H$mo H$m¶© ³¶m| H$hm J¶m h¡?

h‘ {ZË¶ AnZo Amdí¶H$VmAm| Ho$ {bE H$moB©-Z-H$moB© H$m¶©H$bmn ‘| bJo ahVo h¢& BZ H$m¶©H$bmnm| H$mo H$m¶© H$hVo h¢& H$m¶© H$aZo D$Om© H$m Cn¶moJ H$aVo h¢& H$m¶© H$aZo Ho$ ~mX h‘ WH$ ^r OmVo h¢& l{‘H$ A{YH$ D$Om© Cn¶moJH$a H$m¶© H$aVo h¢&

gmo{ME : ³¶m Vw‘ AHo$bo H$jm Ho$ bH$S>r H$m ‘oO CR>m gH$Vo hmo?

D$Om© aho Vmo ‘mÌ Vw‘ H$m¶© H$a gH$Vo hmo& N>moQ>o-‘moQ>o H$m¶© H$ao H$‘ D$Om© bJVr h¡& O~{H$ ~S>o H$m¶m|© H$mo A{YH$ D$Om© H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡&

H$m¶©H$bmn : Vwåhmao Am¡a Vwåhmao ghnm{R>¶m| Ho$ ~¡J CR>mZo à¶ËZ H$amo& EH$ gmW Vw‘ {H$VZo ~¡J CR>m gH$Vo hmo?

H$m¶© H$aZo Amdí¶H$ D$Om© H$mo h‘ Amhma go àmßV H$aVo h¢& n[aga Ho$ AZoH$ H$m¶© H$aZo Ho$ {bE h‘ {d{^Þ òmoVm| go àmßV H$aVo h¢&

CXmhaU :X¡{hH$ D$Om© go ma CR>mVo h¢& B§YZ D$Om© go dmhZ MbVo h¢& gñ¶m| H$s ~T>moVar

Ho$ {bE gm¡a D$Om© Amdí¶H$ h¡& AWm©V àË¶oH$ H$m¶© CgHo$ {bE bJZodmbo D$Om© go g§~§Y aIVm h¡& H$m¶© Amdí¶H$ H$m¶©H$bmn h¡ Vmo D$Om© H$m¶© nyU© H$aZo Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ h¡&

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EH$ dñVw H$mo EH$ ñWmZ go Xÿgao ñWmZ VH$ J{Verb H$aZo H$mo ^r H$m¶© H$hVo h¢& EH$ dñVw H$mo EH$ ñWmZ go Xÿgao ñWmZ {dñWm{nV H$aZo D$Om© H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¢&

gmo{ME : D$Om© H$m Cn¶moJ {H$¶o {~Zm ³¶m H$moB© H$m¶© nyU© H$a gH$Vo h¢?

D$Om© Ho$ {d{^ÝZ àH$ma Am¡a Cn¶moJ

AmH$me ‘| CS>Vm {d‘mZ, y{‘ na J{Verb dmhZ, nmZr ‘| ßbdZ H$aVo Zmd, OhmO, X¡{ZH$ H$m¶© gab H$aZo Cn¶w³V {dYwÎm gmYZ, BZ‘| {H$gr Z {H$gr àH$ma D$Om© H$m Cn¶moJ {H$`m OmVm h¡&¶hm± {X¶o JE {MÌ ‘| D$Om© Ho$ {d{dY ê$nm| H$m {ZarjU H$s{OE&

H$m¶©H$bmn Z Ho$db ‘mZdm| go {H$ò OmVo h¢, ~pëH$ n[aga ‘| ghO ê$n J{V{d{Y¶m± hmoVr ahVr h¢& BZ g^r J{V{d{Y¶m§ nyU© hmoZo Ho$ {bE D$Om© Amdí¶H$ h¡& AmAmo OmZ bo H$m¡Zgr h¡ dh Amdí¶H$ D$Om©?

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{d{^ÝZ àH$ma Ho$ H$m¶© CZgo g§~§{YV DOm© na {Z^©a H$aVo h¡& n[aga ‘| àmH¥${VH$ D$Om© hmoVr h¡& gy¶© dm¶w, nmZr, H$mo¶bm Am{X n[aga Ho$ Hw$N> X¡{ZH$ J{V{d{Y¶m| Ho$ D$Om© Ho$ òmoV h¢&

1. ñZm¶w D$Om©

H$m¶© H$aZo Ho$ {bE h‘mar ñZm¶wAm| go CËnÝZ D$Om© H$mo ñZm¶w D$Om© H$hVo h¢& MbZo, MT>Zo, ItMZo, T>H$bZo Am{X J{V{d{Y¶m| Ho$ {bE ñZm¶w D$Om© Mm{hE& ¶h D$Om© h‘mao eara ‘| hmoZodmbo amgm¶{ZH$ n[adV©Zm| Ho$ H$maU ‘w³V hmoVr h¡&

gmo{ME : h‘mao ~wOJ© h‘| nm¡[îQ>>H$ Amhma H$m godZ H$aZo ³¶m| H$hVo hm|Jo?

ñZm¶w D$Om© H$m Cn¶moJ H$a Vw‘go {H$¶o OmZodmbo Mma H$m¶© ¶hm± {bImo&

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nT>H$a-g‘P br{OE : H«$‘mJV Amhma Am¡a ì¶m¶m‘ go ñZm¶w D$Om© àmßV H$a gH$Vo h¢&

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2. ¶m§{ÌH$ D$Om©EH$ dñVw AnZo ñWmZ Ho$ H$maU àmßV D$Om© H$mo pñW{VO D$Om© H$hVo h¡, Am¡a

J{V Ho$ H$maU àmßV D$Om© H$mo J{VO D$Om© H$hVo h¡&

h‘| MbZo Ho$ {bE D$Om© Amdí¶H$ h¡& h‘| Amdí¶H$ D$Om© Amhma go àmßV hmoVr h¡& BgrVah ¶§Ìm| go D$Om© àmßVH$aHo$ H$m¶© H$aVo h¢& EH$ dñVw D$Om© go J{V àmßV H$aZo H$mo ¶m§{ÌH$ D$Om© H$hVo h¢&

¶m§{ÌH$ D$Om© Cn¶moJH$a Ka ‘| {H$¶o OmZodmbo Xmo H$m¶© ¶h±m {bImo&

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n‹T>H$a-g‘Pmo ¶m§{ÌH$ D$Om©

pñW{VO D$Om©

AnZo ñWmZ Ho$ H$maU àmßV D$Om©

J{V Ho$ H$maU dñVw ‘| àmßV `m§{ÌH$ D$Om©

J{VO D$Om©

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3. D$î‘m D$Om©

ObmD$ bH$S>r, B§YZ, gy¶© Am{X go àmßV D$î‘m go h‘ X¡{ZH$ H$m¶© nyU© H$aVo h¢&

Vwåhmao Ka na Cî‘m H$s ghm¶Vm go {H$ò OmZo Ho$ H$moB© 2 H$m¶m] H$mo {bImo&

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H$m¶©H$bmn : Vwåhmao hWo{b¶mo| H$mo WmoS>o g‘¶ VH$ Omoa go aJS>mo Am¡a Mhoao H$mo ñne© H$amo& Vwåh| H¡$gm AZw^d hmoVm h¡?

¶hm± ñZm¶w D$Om© D$î‘m D$Om© ‘| ~XbVr h¢&

ObmD$ bH$S>r, A{Zb, {‘Q²>Q>r H$m Vob BË¶m{X H$s D$î‘m go h‘ Amhma nH$mZo, nmZr Ja‘ H$aZo Am{X H$m¶m] Ho$ {bE Cn¶moJ H$aVo h¢&

OmS>o Ho$ ‘m¡g‘ _| KZrH¥$V Vob Ho$ nmÌ Myëho Ho$ Ádmbm Ho$ nmg AWdm gy¶© àH$me ‘| aIVo h¢& ³¶m|? gmoMH$a {bImo&

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gmo{ME : Amhma nH$mVo g‘¶ ObVo Myëho nmÌ H$m T>³H$Z {hbZo Ho$ {bE H$maU ³¶m hmo gH$Vm h¡?

B§YZ ObZo na Cî‘m {d‘w³V hmoVr h¡& {dÚwV CËnmXZ H$aZo Cî‘m {dÚwÎm Ho$ÝÐ ‘| H$mo¶bm B§YZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| Cn¶moJ H$aVo h¢&

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nT>H$a - g‘P br{OE : am¶Mya ‘| Cî‘m {dÚwÎm Ho$ÝÐ ñWm{nV {H$¶m J¶m h¡&

gmo{ME : H$mo¶bm Bór ‘| Cî‘m D$Om© H$m H$maU ³`m| h¡?

4. gm¡a D$Om© :^y{‘ Ho$ g^r D$Om©Am| H$m òmoV gy¶© h¡& gy¶© go àmßV D$Om© H$mo gm¡a D$Om© H$hVo

h¢& Or{d¶m| H$mo OrZo Ho$ {bE gm¡a D$Om© na {Z^©a H$aVo h¢& noS>-nm¡Yo gy¶© àH$me H$m Cn¶moJ H$a AnZm Amhma V¡¶ma H$aVo h¢& Bg à{H«$¶m H$mo àH$e g§íbofU H$hVo h¢&

gmo{ME : ¶{X gy¶©àH$me Z hmoVm Vmo ³¶m hmoVm?

H$m¶©H$bmn : ~S>m| AWdm {‘Ìm| Ho$ gmW MMm© H$aHo$ {b{IE& y J‘u Ho$ {XZm| ‘| gyIZo H$mo S>mbo H$nS>o ~hþV OëXr gyI OmVo h¡& H¡$go?____________________________________________________

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y J‘u Ho$ {XZm| ‘| Hw±$E Am¡a Vmbm~m| H$m nmZr H$‘ hmoVm h¡& ³¶m|?____________________________________________________

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y {dnarV R>§S>r ahZo na bmoJ gy¶© àH$me ‘| IS>o hmoH$a àVrjm H$aVo h¡& ³¶m|?____________________________________________________

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y gm¡a nmZr Cî‘H$ ³¶m| Cn¶moJ H$aVo h¡?____________________________________________________

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BZ {MÌm| H$m {ZarjU H$amo VWm gm¡a D$Om© H$hm± Cn¶moJ H$s JB© h¡ {bImo&

H$m¶©H$bmn : gm¡a-D$Om© gmYZ {OÝh| Vw‘ Cn¶moJ {H$¶m h¡, CZHo$ Zm‘ {bImo&

gm¡a Hw$¸$a

H$m¶©H$bmn : y gm¡a D$Om© Ho$ gmYZm| Ho$ {MÌm| H$mo g§J«{hV H$aHo$ EH$ MmQ>© ~ZmAmo& y gm¡a D$Om© Ho$ Cn¶moJm| H$s OmZH$mar boH$a H${dVm {bImo AWdm ^mfU Xmo&

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gm¡a D$Om© H$mo {d{dY H$m¶m] Ho$ {bE Cn¶moJ H$aZo go {dÚwV D$Om© H$m Cn¶moJ H$‘ H$a gH$Vo h¡ Am¡a àXþfU amoH$ gH$Vo h¡&

5. ndZ D$Om©

dm¶w D$Om© Ho$ òmoV ‘| EH$ h¡& J{Verb dm¶w ‘| D$Om© g‘m{dîQ> hmoVr h¡& Bgo ndZ D$Om© H$hVo h¢&

àmMrZ H$mb go ~hVr hdm H$s ghm¶Vm go g‘wÐ ‘| Zmd Am¡a OhmOm| H$mo J{Verb {H$¶m OmVm Wm&

doJ go MbZodmbr dm¶w H$s ghm¶Vmgo ndZ M³H$s Ky‘Vr h¡& Bg ndZ D$Om© go Ky‘Zodmbo Q>a~mBZ go {dÚwV D$Om© CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡&

AnZo {‘Ì/~S>m| Ho$ gmW MMm© H$aHo$ {bImo&

y Iwbo ñWmZm| _| gyIZo H$mo S>mbo H$nS>o {hbVo h¢& BgH$m H$maU ³¶m hmo gH$Vm h¡?

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y dfm© G$Vw ‘| Zm[a¶b, gynmar Am{X Ho$ noS> {JaZo H$m ³¶m H$maU h¡?

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y ~hVr hdm Ho$ {dnarV {Xem ‘| nV§J nH$S>Zo go ³¶m hmoVm h¡?

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y dm¶w-MH«$ H$mo nH$S>H$a Xm¡S>Zo go ‘mÌ Kw‘Vm h¡& ³¶m|? ____________________________

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y Hw$N> {‘Q²>Q>r Ho$ Xrnm| Ho$ H$m§M H$m H$dM hmoVm h¡? ³¶m|? ____________________________

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ndZ D$Om© go {H$¶o OmZodmbo H$m¶m] H$mo OmZH$a {bImo& CXmhaU : dm`w go {dÚwV CËnmXZ hmoVm h¡& y ___________________________________________________

y ___________________________________________________

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H$m¶©H$bmn:

EH$ dm¶w-MH«$ V¡¶ma H$a Ho$ Xm¡S>H$a AmZÝX bmo

dm¶w ‘| AJmY e{º$ hmoVr h¡& dm¶w H$s D$Om© Cn¶moJ H$a AZoH$ H$m¶© H$a gH$Vo h¢& àmH¥${VH$ ê$n go CnbãY ndZ H$mo D$Om© Ho$ ê$n ‘| Cn¶moJ H$aVo h¡ Am¡a Bgr - ndZ go {dnXmAm| ‘o g§ajU H$a boZm grIZm h¡&

gmo{ME : Vy’$mZ H$s hdm go hmoZodmbo Xþîn[aUm‘ ³¶m h¢? Bg go g§~§{YV {MÌm| H$mo g§J«h H$aHo$ Vwåhmao {‘Ìm| Ho$ gmW MMm© H$amo&

6. nmZr H$s g§J«{hV D$Om©~hVm nmZr D$Om© H$m òmoV h¡& ~hVo nmZr H$s D$Om© òmoV Ho$ ê$n _| Cn¶moJ

H$aZm h¡ Vmo Cgo ZXr Ho$ Ama nma ~Zm¶o ~m§Ymo ‘o nmZr g§J«h H$aZm nS>oJm (pñW{VO D$Om©) g§J«{hV nmZr H$mo Omoa go {JaZo O¡go H$aZm hmoJm& BgVah Omoa go {JaZodmbm nmZr A{YH$ ~b go Q>a~mBZ na {JaH$a {dÚwV D$Om© CËnZÝZ H$aVm h¡& Ego Ob{dÚwÎmmJmam| H$mo Ob {dÚwV CËnmXZ Ho$ÝÐ H$h gH$Vo h¢&$

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Vwåh| ‘mby‘ ~m§Ym| Ho$ Zm‘ {bImo& ¶Xr Vw‘Zo {H$gr ~m§Ymo H$mo XoIm h¡ Vmo (){MÝh bJmAm|&

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H$Zm©Q>H$ Ho$ Hw$N> ZXr¶m| Ho$ Amgnmg ~m§Yo JE ~m§Y Am¡a Ob{dYwÎm Ho$ÝÐm| Ho$ Zm‘ J«§Wmb¶ H$s nwñVH$ H$s ghm¶Vm go gyMr ~ZmAmo&

~m§Y Ob {dÚwÎm CËnmXZ Ho$ÝÐ

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nmZr H$s D$Om© H$m Cn¶moJ H$aHo$ {dÚwV e{º$ CËnmXZ H$aZo Ho$ ‘mZd à¶ËZ àe§gZr¶ h¡&

nmZr H$s e{º$ Ho$ Cn¶moJ H$a Ho$ H$aZ| Ho$ H$m¶© {bImo& y ____________________________________________________

y ____________________________________________________

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nT>H$a-g‘P br{OE : g‘wÐ H$s Va§Jm| go CËnm{XV D$Om© H$mo Va§J D$Om© H$hVo h¢&$

àmH¥${VH$ ê$n go CnbãY nmZr ~hþV A‘yë¶ h¡, Bgo gmoM g‘PH$a Cn¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE& BgHo$ Abmdm A{YH$ IM© Am¡a l‘ go CËnm{XZ {dÚwV e{º$ H$m ^r Cn¶moJ ¶mo½¶ ê$n go H$a D$Om© H$m g§ajU H$aZm Mm{hE&

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Vw_go {dÚwV ~MmZo Ho$ 2 g§X^© {bImo&

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gmo{ME : {dÚwV D$Om© Zht hmoVr Vmo ³¶m hmoVm?

nT>H$a- g‘P {b{OE : {dÚwVe{º$ H$mo CËnmXZ H$aZodmbo Ob{dÚwÎmmJma H$mo Ob {dÚwV CÎmnmXZ Ho$ÝÐ H$hVo h¢&

àmH¥${VH$ ê$n go CnbãY nmZr H$s D$Om© H$mo H$‘ Cn¶moJ H$aHo$ A{YH$ bmoJm| H$mo Cn¶moJr hmoZo O¡go {MÝVZ H$aZr Mm{hE&

Eogm-H$s{OE : (~S>m| H$s ghm¶Vm go)dfm©ÌhVw ‘o dfm© nmZr H$m g§J«h H$aHo$ Cn¶moJ H$amo&dfm©Hw§$S> aho Vmo CZH$m gXþn¶moJ H$amo&emofH$ JS²>T>o V¡¶ma H$a gXþn¶moJ H$amo&

7. {dÚwÎm D$Om©AmOH$b ‘Zwî¶ AnZo g^r X¡{ZH$ H$m¶m] H$mo {dÚwÎm H$s ghm¶Vm go gabVm

go nyU© H$aVm h¡& {dÚwÎm Ho$ Cn¶moJ go Aën g‘¶ ‘| A{YH$ H$m‘ hmoVm h¡&

{dÚwÎm gmYZ H$m`©

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{dÚwÎm CËnmXZ Ho$ÝÐ go Ka Am¡a AÝ¶ ñWmZm| VH$ {dÚwÎm D$Om© H$s Amny{V© H$aVo h¢& {dÚwÎm gmYZm| H$m Cn¶moJ H$aVo g‘¶ H$moB© hm{Z AWdm AnKmV Z hmo Eogr gmdYmZr boZr Mm{hE&

8. O¡{dH$ D$Om©

H¥${f Ë¶mÁ¶, gñ¶ Ho$ Adeof Am¡a àm{U¶m| H$m Jmo~a, ¶o g^r dm¶wa{hV aIH$a gS>mZo na CËnÝZ A{Zb H$mo O¡{dH$ A{Zb H$hVo h¢& Bgo Amhma nH$mZo Cn¶moJ H$aVo h¡& O¡{dH$ A{Zb go àmßV D$Om© H$mo {dÚwÎm D$Om© ‘| n[adV©Z H$aHo$ AZoH$ H$m¶© H$a gH$Vo h¢&

`hm§ {Xò Jò {dÚwÎm CnH$aUm| na Ü`mZ Xmo&

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Vwåhmao AZwgma H$m¡Z-H$m¡Z go H$m¶© O¡{dH$ D$Om© e{º$ go H$a gH$Vo h¢, {bImo&

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H$m¶©H$bmn : {Zén¶moJr dñVwAm| H$m Cn¶moJ H$aZm AmVm h¡ Vmo AnZo {‘Ìm| Ho$ gmW H$amo&

H¥${f Ë¶mÁ¶ go V¡¶ma O¡{dH$ D$Om© ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ {bE Amamo½¶H$a n[aga {Z‘m©U H$aZo ‘| ghH$mar h¡&9. amgm¶{ZH$ D$Om©

dñVwAm| Ho$ ~rM amgm¶{ZH$ {H«$¶m go amgm¶{ZH$ D$Om© CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡&CXmhaU : {dÚwÎm H$moe ‘| amgm¶{ZH$ {H«$¶m hmoZo go {dÚwÎm CËnÞ hmoVm h¡&

10. B§YZ D$Om©

n[aga ‘| bä¶ EH$ Am¡a D$Om© B§YZ-D$Om© h¡& B§YZ H$m AW© h¡ ObmZo _| ghm¶H$ hmoZodmbo Am¡a Cî‘m Am¡a gm‘mÝ¶ ê$n go àH$me CËnÞ H$aZodmbo àmH¥${VH$ òmoV h¢& Bgo {dÚwÎm D$Om©, D$î‘m D$Om© Am¡a ¶m§{ÌH$ D$Om© Ho$ ê$n ‘| n[ad{V©V H$a gH$Vo h¢&

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H$m¶©H$bmn : BZ ZrMo {X¶o {MÌm| ‘|, H$m¡Zgm B§YZ Cn¶moJ H$aVo h¡& {ejH$/~S>m| H$s ghm¶Vm go Cg {MÌ Ho$ ZrMo {bImo&

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Vwåhmao Ka ‘| B§YZ Cn¶moJ H$aHo$, MbmòOmZodmbo gmYZ hm| Vmo ¶hm± {bImo&

y ___________________ • ___________________

y ___________________ • ___________________

y ___________________ • ___________________

nT>H$a- g‘P br{OE : {d{^ÝZ I{ZO Am¡a A¶ñH$m| Ho$ CËnÝZ hr B§YZ h¡& ¶o n¥Ïdr ^y-J^© ‘| CnbãY h¢& Yrao-Yrao IË‘ hmo JE Vmo Am¡a nwZamËnm{XV hmoZo _| BÝho H$B© df© bJVo h¢&

ObmD$ bH$S>r ^r EH$ B§YZ h¡& bH$S>r ObmZo go D$î‘m Am¡a D$Om© h‘| àmßV hmoVo h¢ Am¡a Bg D$î‘m D$Om© Ho$ Cn¶moJ go Amhma nH$mZo VWm AÝ¶ H$m¶© H$aZm g§^d h¡&

gmo{ME : Eogo g§X © {bImo Ohm± B§YZ AZmdí¶H$ Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

y ____________________________________________________

y ____________________________________________________

y ____________________________________________________

B§YZ Ho$ àmH¥${VH$ òmoV H$mo gr{‘V ê$n go Cn¶moJ H$aHo$ h‘mao n¶m©daU H$s ajm H$aZr Mm{hE& nma§n[aH$ B§YZm| Ho$ ~Xbo gm¡a D$Om© Am{YH$ Cn¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE&

H$m¶©H$bmn : B§YZ Ho$ Cn¶moJ VWm Xþîn[aUm‘ na MMm© g^m H$m Am¶moOZ H$amo&

àmH¥${VH$ òmoVmo go h‘| {d{^Þ àH$ma H$s D$Om©E± CnbãY hmoVr h¢&

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A^r VH$ grIo hþE {d{dY D$Om© Ho$ àH$mam| H$s gyMr ~ZmAmo&

1. ___________________ 2. _______________________

3. ___________________ 4. _______________________

5. ___________________ 6. _______________________

7. ___________________ 8. _______________________

9. ___________________ 10. ______________________

gmo{ME : • ³¶m h_| D$Om© g§J«h H$aHo$ Cn¶moJ H$aZm g§^d h¡?• ³¶m {dÚwÎm H$moe ‘| {dÚwÎm g§J«{hV hmoVr h¡? ³¶m ¶h g§^d h¢?

EH$ ê$n go Xÿgao ê$n ‘| D$Om© H$m n[adV©Zgy¶©, nmZr, dm¶w, Amhma amg¶{ZH$ {H«$¶m- BgVah {d{dY òmoVm| go àmßV

hmoZodmbr D$Om© àH¥${V ‘| ñd^m{dH$ ê$n ‘| ahVr h¡& AbJ-AbJ énm| H$s D$Om© n[adV©Z hmoH$a ‘mZd OrdZ Ho$ {bE Cn¶moJr gm{~V hþB© h¡& CXmhaU : y B§YZ D$Om© ¶m§{ÌH$ D$Om© ‘| n[ad{V©V hmoVr h¢ (dmhZ MbmZo) y ObmD$ bH$S>r H$m B§YZ Cî‘m D$Om© ‘| n[ad{V©V hmoVm h¡& (ImZm nH$mZo)

{ZåZ{b{IV J{V{d{Y¶m| ‘| H$m¡Z go ê$n H$s D$Om© H$m¡Z go ê$n ‘| n[ad{V©V hmoVr h¡ {bImo&

J{V{d{Y D$Om© ê$n n[adV©Z D$Om© ê$n

n¡Q´>mob H$ma MbZo amgm¶m{ZH$ D$Om© ¶m§{ÌH$ D$Om© Ho$ ê$n

V~bm ~OmZm ñZm¶w D$Om© ñda (eãX) D$Om© Ho$ ê$n ‘|

H$nS>m| H$mo Bór H$aZm Cî‘m D$Om© Ho$ ê$n ‘|

Yyn ‘| nmnS> gyImZm& gm¡a D$Om©

O¡{dH$ A{Zb go Amhma V¡¶ma H$aZm

Q>a~mB©Z Yw‘H$a {dÚwV ~ë~ ObZm

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Cnamo³V CXmhaUm| go h‘Zo ¶h grIm h¡ {H$ D$Om© EH$ ê$n go Xÿgao ê$n ‘| n[ad{V©V hmoVr h¡&

D$Om© EH$ ê$n Xÿgao ê$n ‘| n[ad{V©V hmoZo Ho$ AÝ¶ CXmhaU {bImo&

y ____________________________________________________

y ____________________________________________________

y ____________________________________________________

y ____________________________________________________

D$Om© g§ajU :

D$Om© H$mo Z CËnmXZ H$a gH$Vo Am¡a Z hr ZîQ> H$a gH$Vo h¢& Bgo EH$ ê$n go Xÿgao ê$n ‘| n[ad{V©V$ H$a gH$Vo h¢& D$Om© EH$ Z EH$ ê$n ‘| ahVr h¡&

àmH¥${VH$ òmooV gy¶©, dm¶w, nmZr, go àmßV D$Om© H$mo ¶{X h‘ gr{‘V én go Cn¶moJ H$aVo h¢ Vmo D$Om© H$s ~MV H$a gH$Vo h¢&

H$moîR>H$ ‘| {X¶o Cnm¶ Cn¶moJH$a ZrMo {X¶o JE J{V{d{Y¶m| go H$m¡Z gr n¶m©¶r D$Om© H$s ~MV H$a gH$Vo h¢& {bImo& (B§YZ, amgm¶m{ZH$, {dÚwV, H$mo¶bm)

J{V{d{Y dMV hmoZodmbr n¶m©¶r D$Om©

gmB{H$b na ¶mÌm H$aZo go _____________________

H$nS>m| H$m hmWm| go YmoZo go _____________________

ndZ D$Om© go {dÚwÎm CËnmXZ H$aZo go _____________________

O¡{dH$ A{Zb Cn¶moJ H$a Amhma nH$mZo go _____________________

Amdí`H$ Zht hmo Vmo ao{S>¶mo Zht ~OmZm _____________________

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ZrMo H$s J{V{d{Y¶m| Ho$ {bE H$m¡Zgr n¶m©¶r D$Om© H$m Cn¶moJ H$a gH$Vo h¢? H$moîR>H$ ‘| {X¶o Cnm¶m| Ho$ Cn¶moJ OmZ H$a {bImo&

(gm¡a D$Om©, D$î‘H$, O¡{dH$ A{Zb, gm¡a Hw$³H$a, gm¡a H$moe)

J{V{d{Y n¶m©¶r D$Om©

ObmD$ bH$S>r Mybho Ho$ ~Xbo _____________________

{dÚwÎm JrOa Ho$ ~Xbo _____________________

Myëho na Mmdb nH$mZo Ho$ ~Xbo _____________________

{dÚwÎm ~ë~ Ho$ Cn`moJ Ho$ ~Xbo _____________________

{dÚwÎm D$Om© Ho$ Cn¶moJ go ao{S>`mogwZZo Ho$ ~Xboo _____________________

H$m¶© H$aVo g‘¶ H$^r-H$^r EH$ D$Om© Ho$ ~Xbo Xÿgao H$mo n¶m©¶ Ho$ ê$n Cn¶moJ H$a gH$Vo h¢&

CXmhaU : {dÚwÎm Am¡a B§YZ D$Om© Ho$ ~Xbo gm¡a D$Om© H$m Cn¶moJ H$a gH$Vo h¢&

D$Om© h‘mar Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© H$aZo Am¡a OrdZ MbmZo _| ghm¶H$ ‘hËdnyU© KQ>H$ h¡& Xoh Ho$ {bE Amhma go Am¡a J{V{d{Ú¶m| H$mo n[aga go àmßV D$Om© H$mo OmJéH$Vm go Cn¶moJ H$aZo go H$m¶© H$m gm‘mÏ¶© ~T>m gH$Vo h¢&

y

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nmR> - 14

AmH$me

em‘ H$mo IobZo Ho$ ~mX Iob ‘¡XmZ go AmH$me H$mo XoImo& Yw§Ybo AmH$me ‘| Vwåh| ¶hm±-dhm± Hw$N> ZjÌ {XImB© X|Jo& AmH$me gm’$ hmoZo na Vw_ Ag§»¶ ZjÌ XoI nm¶|Jo& H$^r-H$^r {JaVo ZjÌ ^r {XImB© X|Jo& dfm©F$Vw ‘| ~mXb H$m JO©Z, {~Obr, Vy’$mZ, ~m[ae Am{X, gm‘mÝ¶ê$n go {XImB© XoVo h¢& ¶o g^r H¡$go hmoVo h¢? Eogr CËgwH$Vm Vwåh| hmo gH$Vr h¡& gy¶m}X¶ O~ hmoVm h¡, dhm± {XZ Am¡a gy¶m©ñV hmoVo h¢& amV ‘| MÝÐ {XImB© XoVm h¡& BZ g~ ‘| g§~§Y ³¶m h¡? AmH$me ‘| ¶o n[adV©Z H¡$go hmoVo h¢ A~ h_ OmZH$mar b|J|&

Bg nmR> H$mo grIZo Ho$ ~mX Vw‘, � gy¶© Am¡a n[adma Ho$ ~mao ‘| OmZ|Jo& � n¥Ïdr H$m AmH$ma, JmÌ, J{V, VWm {XZ-amV hmoZo H$s KQ>Zm OmZo§Jo& � CëH$m, jÐJ«h Am¡a Yy‘Ho$Vw Ho$ ~mao ‘| OmZ|Jo& � MÝÐ H$s J{V Am¡a CgH$s AdñWmE| g‘P|oJ|& � n¥Ïdr, AÝ¶ J«hm| go {^ÝZ h¡, OmZo§Jo&

gy`© Am¡a CgH$m n[adma

gy¶© Am¡a CgHo$ n[adma H$mo gm¡a ‘§S>b H$hVo h¢& Cg‘| 8 J«h, 173 CnJ«h, hOmam| jwÐ J«h, CëH$mE| Am¡a Yw‘Ho$Vw em{‘b h¡&

nT>H$a gr{IE :

• ñd¶§ àH$m{eV AmH$me H$m` ZjÌ H$hbmVo h¢& gy¶© ^r EH$ ZjÌ h¡&

• gm¡a ‘§S>b, Vmam‘§S>b H$m EH$ ^mJ h¡ {Ogo AmH$me J§Jm H$hVo h¢&

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gy¶© : gy¶© EH$ ZjÌ h¡& ¶h AÝ¶ ZjÌ H$s Anojm n¥Ïdr Ho$ H$ar~ hmoZo go AÝ¶ ZjÌm| go ^r A{YH$ àH$me‘mZ Am¡a ~S>m {XImB© XoVm h¡& ¶h gm¡a‘§S>b H$m Ho$ÝÐ h¡& ¶h AnZo Mmam| Amoa Ky‘Zodmbo gXñ¶m| na JwéËdmH$f©U ~b à¶moJ H$aVm h¡&

gy¶© h‘| àH$me Am¡a D$î‘m àXmZ H$aVm h¡& ¶h nyd© ‘| CX¶ hmoVm Am¡a npíM‘ ‘| AñV hmoVm {XImB© XoVm h¡& ³¶m Vwåh| bJVm Zht H$s gy¶©, n¥Ïdr Ho$ Mmam|Amoa Ky‘ ahm h¡? ³¶m ¶h gM h¡? ‘Zwî¶, àmUr VWm noS>-nm¡Ym| Ho$ {bE gy¶©àH$me Am¡a D$î‘m AË¶mdí¶H$ h¡&

nT>H$a - g‘P br{OE:

àmMrZ H$mb Ho$ bmoJm| H$m {dMma Wm {H$ gy¶©, MÝÐ Am¡a AÝ¶ J«h n¥Ïdr Ho$ Mmam|Amoa n[a^«‘U H$aVo h¢& Bgo ^y-Ho$$pÝÐ¶ ì¶dñWm H$hVo Wo& Bgo H²$bm{S>g Q>mbo‘r Zo à{VnmXZ {H$¶m&

^maV Ho$ IJmobemók Am¡a J{UVk Am`©^Q²Q>> Zo gd©àW‘ à{VnmXZ {H$¶m {H$ gy¶© Am¡a AÝ¶ J«h gy¶© Ho$ Mmam| Amoa n[a^«‘U H$aVo h¢& Bgo gm¡a‘§S>b H$m gy¶© H|${Ð` ì¶dñWm H$hVo h¡& {ZH$mobmg H$mon{Z©H$g Am¡a OmohZog Ho$ßba Zo BgH$m g‘W©Z {H$¶m&

~mX ‘| BQ>br Ho$ J{UVk Am¡a ^m¡Vemók {dkmZr Jo{b{b¶mo Jobr{b {OgZo XÿaXe©H$ H$m Am{dîH$ma {H$¶m& VWm CgH$m Cn¶moJH$a H$mon{Z©H$g gy¶© Ho$pÝÐ¶ ì¶dñWm H$m g‘W©Z {H$¶m &

J«h: gy¶© Ho$ Mmam|Amoa AÊS>mH$ma nW ‘| n[a^«‘U H$aZodmbo AmH$meH$m¶ H$mo J«h H$hVo h¢& àË¶oH$ J«h AnZo hr {Z{X©îQ> ‘mJ© ‘| J{Verb hmoVm h¡& {Ogo H$j H$hVo h¢& n¥Ïdr H$m ^r AnZm H$j h¡& J«h ñd¶§ àH$m{eV Zht hmoVo& do gy¶© go àH$me Am¡a Cî‘m àmßV H$aVo h¢&

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n¥Ïdr : ¶h h‘mam Amdmg h¡ Am¡a gm¡a ‘§S>b H$m {d{eîQ> J«h h¡& ¶h gy¶© go Vrgao ñWmZ na h¡& ¶h Or{d¶m| go g‘m{dîQ> EH$_od J«h h¡& Ordr¶m| Ho$ OrdZ Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ Cî‘m, nmZr, OrdZ Cn¶moJr A{Zbm| Ho$ gmW dm¶w‘§S>b `hm± CnbãY h¡&

MÝÐ go {XImB© XoZodmbo n¥Ïdr H$m {MÌ ¶hm± {X¶m J¶m h¡& Bgo XoImo&

C.Y«wd.

X.Y«wd.

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n¥Ïdr H$m AmH$ma: {dkm{Z¶m| Zo$ AZw‘moXZ {H$¶m h¡ {H$ n¥Ïdr Y«wAm| na WmoS>m MnQ>m Am¡a ^y‘Ü¶ Ho$ nmg WmoS>m Câm hþB© h¡& Eogo AmH$ma H$mo OrdmoBS AWm©V n¥Ïdr AmH$ma h¡& Bg{bE n¥Ïdr nyU©ê$n go d¥ÎmmH$ma AWdm Jmobr¶ Zht h¡&

n¥Ïdr H$m JmÌ: gm¡a ‘§S>b ‘| n¥Ïdr nm±Mdm ~Sm J«h h¡& BgH$m ^y‘Ü¶ aoIr` ì¶mg 12,757 km Am¡a Y«wdr¶ ì¶mg 12,714 km h¡& ^y‘Ü¶ aoIr` ì¶mg H$s Anojm Y«wdr¶ ì¶mg 43 km H$‘ h¡& Bg{bE n¥Ïdr JmobmH$ma ‘mZm OmVm h¡& n¥Ïdr H$m g§nyU© n¥îR>r¶ joÌ’$b 510 {‘{b¶Z dJ© {H$._r h¡&

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gm¡a ‘§S>b - gm¡a n[adma

D$na Ho$ {MÌ H$s ghm¶Vm go {ZåZ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma {bImo :

• gm¡a ‘§S>b ‘| {H$VZo J«h h¡?__________________________________________________

• H«$‘ go g^r J«hm| H$m Zm‘ {bImo&__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

• gy¶© H$mo g~ go H$ar~ J«h H$m¡Z gm h¡?__________________________________________________

• H$m¡Zg J«h na h‘ ‘Zwî¶ dmg H$aVo h¢?__________________________________________________

• gm¡a ‘§S>b ‘| g~ go ~S>m J«h H$m¡Zgm h¡? __________________________________________________

• gm¡a ‘§S>b ‘| g~ go N>moQ>m J«h H$m¡Zgm h¡? __________________________________________________

• gy¶© go AË¶§V XÿañW J«h H$m¡Zgm h¡?__________________________________________________

• gy¶© go n¥Ïdr H$m¡Zgo ñWmZ na h¡?__________________________________________________

‘§JbjwÐ J«h

ZonÀMyZ

¶yaoZg

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n¥Ïdr H$s J{V :n¥Ïdr H$s$ Xmo J{V¶m± h¡& do h¢:- KyU©Z Am¡a n[aH«$‘U& n¥Ïdr AnZo hr Aj na

npíM‘ go nyd© {Xem ‘| Ky‘Vr h¡& Bgo KyU©Z H$hVo h¢& n¥Ïdr AnZo H$j ‘| gy¶© Ho$ Mmam| Am¡a n[aH«$‘U H$aVr h¡& Bgo n[aH«$‘m H$hVo h¡& n¥Ïdr, gy¶© Ho$ Mmam| Amoa Ky‘Vo g‘¶ AnZo Aj na KyU©Z H$aVr h¡&

H$m¶©H$bmn : Xmo {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo Am‘Zo-gm‘Zo IS>o ahZo H$hmo& Bg‘| go EH$ {dÚmWu H$mo gy¶©, Xÿgao H$mo n¥Ïdr ‘mZmo&

gy¶© ~Zo {dÚmWu H$mo Hy$gu na ~¡R>Zo Xmo& Hy$gu go 2 go 3 ’y$Q> Xÿa EH$ XrK©d¥Îm (AÊS>mH$ma) aoIm ItMmo& n¥Ïdr ~Zo {dÚmWu H$mo AnZo Amn ‘| Ky‘Vo Ky‘Vo Hw$gu Ho$ Mmam| Am¡a Ky‘Zo H$hmo&

A~ {ZåZ àíZm| na MMm© H$s{OE&

y n¥Ïdr ~Zm {dÚmWu ³¶m h‘oem Hy$gu ~¡R>o gy¶© ~Zo {dÚmWu H$mo XoI gH$Vm h¡?

y n¥Ïdr ~Zm {dÚmWu {H$VZr ~ma gy¶© ~Zo {dÚmWu H$mo XoIVm h¡?

y n¥Ïdr ~Zm {dÚmWu {H$VZr ~ma gy¶© ~Zo {dÚmWu H$mo AnZr nrR> {XImVm h¡?

gy¶© ~Zo {dÚmWu H$mo n¥Ïdr ~Zo {dÚmWu H$s Amoa ‘wI H$aZo na {XZ, nrR> H$aZo amV ‘mZ bmo&

Bg {H«$`mH$bmn go Vw_ Zo Š`m g_Pm?

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{XZ d am{Ì: n¥Ïdr AnZo KyU©Z Ad{Y ‘| gy¶© Ho$

gy`© H

$s {H$aU

o {XZamV

gå‘wI ^y^mJ H$mo {XZ (gw~h) {déÕ ^mJ H$mo amV (A§Yoam) hmoVm h¡& n¥Ïdr, npíM‘ go nyd© H$s Amoa Kw‘Zo H$o$ H$maU h‘| gy¶© nyd© ‘| CX¶ Am¡a npíM‘ ‘o AñV hmoZo H$m Am^mg hmoVm h¡&

nT>H$a-g‘P br{OE:n¥Ïdr H$mo AnZo Aj na EH$ ~ma Ky‘Zo 24 KÊQ>o bJVo h¡& Bgo EH$ {XZ H$hVo h¡& BgVah n¥Ïdr AnZo Aj na Kw‘Vo hþE gy¶© H$mo EH$

n[aH«$‘U H$aZo 3651 4 {XZ bJVo h¡& Bgo 1 df© H$hVo h¡& n¥Ïdr Ho$ J{V Ho$ AZwgma

{XZ Am¡a df© {ZYm©[aV H$aVo h¡&

n¥Ïdr M‘ËH$mar h¡: nhbo ~Vm¶o O¡go, Or{d ahZo H$m EH¡$H$ J«h n¥Ïdr h¡& Or{d¶m| H$mo n¥Ïdr na Or{dV ahZo AË¶mdí¶H$ A§e H$m¡Z H$m¡Z go gyMr ~ZmAmo& ________________ _________________ _______________

________________ _________________ _______________

nTH$a - g‘P br{OE :^y-n¥îR> H$m 71% ^mJ nmZr go Am¡a 29% ^yàXoe go Amd¥V h¡&

dm¶w‘ÊS>b ‘| Or{d¶m| Ho$ ídmgmoÀN²>dmg Ho$ {bE Am³grOZ, noS>-nm¡Ym| H$mo Amhma V¡¶ma H$aZo Am¡a d¥{Õ Ho$ Z¡Q´>moOZ Am¡a H$m~©Z S>m¶-Am³gmBS CnbãY h¡& Or{d¶m| Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ nmZr Ob-MH«$ à{H«$¶m Ûmam ^y-n¥îR> na {d{dY énm| ‘| àMwa ‘mÌm ‘o CnbãY h¡& ¶h H¡$go g§^d h¡?

gy¶© go n¥Ïdr AZwHy$b hmoZo O¡go Xÿar na ahZo go ¶mo½¶ Obdm¶w noS>-nm¡Ymo H$mo nmZr Am¡a Amhma Amny{V© H$aZodmbo {d{^ÝZ àH$ma H$s {‘Q²>Q>r, ¶mo½¶ n¶m©daU BË¶m{X n¥Ïdr na CnbãY h¡& Bggo Or{d¶m| H$mo OrZm g§^d hmo J¶m h¡& Bg{bE n¥Ïdr EH$ M‘ËH$mar J«h h¡&

A~VH$ Vw‘Zo gm¡a ‘§S>b Ho$ gy¶© go Vrgao J«h Ho$ ~mao ‘| g‘P {b¶m h¡& A~ gm¡a-‘§S>b Ho$ AÝ¶ gXñ¶m| Ho$ ~mao ‘| OmZoJ|&

^y Aj

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gm¡a‘§S>b ‘| 8 J«h h¢ ¶h Vw‘Zo A~VH$ OmZ {b¶m h¡& gw¶© go Xÿar Ho$ AZwH«$‘ ‘| ahZodmbo J«hm| Ho$ Zm‘ h¢ - ~wY, ewH«$, n¥Ïdr, ‘§Jb, Jwê$, e{Z, ¶yaoZg, VWm ZoßWÀ¶yZ& BgHo$ nyd© gm¡a ‘§S>b ‘| 9 J«h Wo& hmb ‘|, ßbyQ>mo H$mo ~m¡Zm ‘mZZo Ho$ H$maU Cgo gm¡a-‘§S>b go N>moS>{X¶m J¶m h¡&

nTH$a - g‘P br{OE : 2005 VH$ ßbyQ>mo H$mo gm¡a-‘§S>b H$m 9 dm± J«h ‘mZm OmVm Wm& J«h hmoZo Ho$ g^r JwU Z hmoZo Ho$ H$maU VH©$-{dVH©$ Ho$ ~mX Cgo ~m¡Zm J«h ‘mZm J¶m&

~wY : ¶h gy¶© H$mo AË¶ÝV H$ar~ J«h h¡& Bg ‘o nmZr Zht h¡ Am¡a AË¶{YH$ Ja‘ J«h h¡& Bg{bE CgH$m ewîH$ dmVdaU h¡& BgH$m n¥îR> MÅ>mZr h¡ Am¡a nd©Vm| go âm h¡ VWm ¶h ^yao (~mXm‘r) a§J H$m h¡& ¶h Xÿgao J«h go A{YH$ VoOr go gy¶© H$s n[aH«$‘m H$aVm h¡&

ewH«$ : `h gy¶© go Xÿgao ñWmZ na h¡, Am¡a n¥Ïdr go N>moQ>m J«h h¡& gm¡a‘§S>b H$m ¶h g~ go A{YH$ àH$me‘mZ J«h h¡& Bgo gw~h H$m Vmam, aOV ZjÌ Am¡a em‘ H$m Vmam Zm‘ go OmZm OmVm h¡&

‘§Jb : ¶h gy¶© go Mm¡Wo ñWmZ H$m J«h h¡ Am¡a Bgo bmb J«h ^r H$hVo h¢& bmoho Ho$ AmH$gmBS> go BgH$s {‘Q²>Q>r bmb hmo JB© h¡& Bg_| ~S>o ~S>o Ádmbm‘wIr, ~¥hÎm KmQ>r Am¡a Zha| h¡& o Zha| Yyb H$s gyIr h¢& BgVah ‘§Jb J«h EH$ aoJrñVmZ H$s Vah h¡&

Jwê$ : ¶h gy¶© go nm±Mdm J«h h¡, gm¡a‘§S>b H$m AË¶§V ~S>m J«h h¡& ¶h n¥Ïdr go 1300 JwZm ~S>m h¡& Bgo ~¥hñn{V ^r H$hVo h¡& ¶h Anma A{Zbm| go âm hþAm h¡& VrZ n¥Ïdr Ho$ g‘mZ JmÌ H$m ~¥hÎm bmb J‹S²>T>m Bg na h¡& Yyb Am¡a {h_ Ho$ H$Um| Ho$ {‘{lV hbHo$ db¶ BgHo$ Mmamo Amoa {XImB© XoVo h¢&

e{Z : ¶h gy¶© N>R>o ñWmZ H$m J«h h¡& ¶h Jwé J«h H$s Vah J¡gm| go ~Zm h¡& Bg J«h Ho$ hOmam| ~b¶ {h‘, nËWam| Am¡a Yyb go âo h¢& BgHo$ Mmam| Amoa ~b¶ Ho$ H$maU EH$ {d{eîQ> J«h ~Zm h¡& ¶h ~hþV N>moQ>m J«h h¡&

¶yaoZg : ¶h gy¶© go gmVd| ñWmZ H$m J«h h¡& ¶h Jwé Am¡a e{Z H$s Vah A{Zbm| go ~Zm h¡& ¶h Zrbo hao a§J Ho$ Jhao ~mXbm| go Amd¥V h¢& ¶h db¶ BVZo Jhaso AnmaXeu h¡&

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ZonÀMyZ : ¶h gm¡a ‘§S>b H$m AmR>d| ñWmZ H$m J«h h¡& ¶h AË¶§V Xÿa ahZodmbm J«h h¡& BgH$m g§¶moOZ ¶yaoZg J«h go {‘bVm OwbVm h¡& ¶h MbH$sbo Zrbo a§J H$m h¡& gy¶© go AË¶§V Xÿa ahZo go ¶h A{V R>§S>m J«h h¡&

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2. H$m¡Zgm J«h gy¶© H$mo EH$ n[aH«$‘m bJmZo A{YH$ Ad{Y boVm h¡? ³¶m|?

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3. H$m¡Zgo J«h H$s n[aH«$‘m Ad{Y, KyU©Z Ad{Y go AY{H$ h¡?

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y Hw$N> J«hm| Ho$ JwUm| H$mo ¶hm± ZrMo {X¶m J¶m h¡& CZHo$ gm‘Zo g§~§{YV J«h H$m Zm‘ {bImo&

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H$m¶©H$bmn : J«hm| Ho$ {MÌm| H$m {ZarjU H$amo, ZrMo H$s OJh ‘| CZHo$ Zm‘ {bImo& EH$ CXmhaU {X¶m J¶m h¡&

e{Z

CëH$mE| : MÅ>mZ Ho$ N>moQo-N>moQ>o Qw>H$S>o A§V[aj Ho$ H$Mao H$mo CëH$mE| H$hVo h¢& O~ do n¥Ïdr Ho$ dm¶w‘§S>b ‘| àdoe H$aVo h¢ do Kf©U Ho$ H$maU dm¶w‘§S>b ‘| ObVo h¢ Am¡a àH$me H$s EH$ KQ>Zm CËnÞ hmoVr h¡& BÝh| "{JaVo ZjÌ' H$hVo h¢&

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jwÐ J«h : gy¶© Ho$ Mmam| Kw‘Zodmbo N>moQ>>o MQ²>Q>mZr AmH$meH$m¶m| H$mo jwÐ J«h H$hVo

h¢& gm‘mÝ¶ én go ‘§Jb Am¡a Jwé J«h Ho$ H$jm| Ho$ ~rM {XImB© XoVo h¡&

nT>H$a - g‘P br{OE : AmH$meH$m¶m| Ho$ gy¶© Ho$ Mmam| Amoa {Z{X©îQ> AÊS>mH$ma nW H$mo H$j H$hVo h¢&

Yy‘Ho$Vw : Yy‘Ho$Vw ~’$s©bo AmH$meH$m¶ h¡& do A{Zb AWdm Yyb Ho$ H$Um| H$mo CËnm{XV hmoVo h¢& do gy¶© Ho$ Mmam| Amoa Ky‘Vo h¢& Yy‘Ho$Vw gy¶© Ho$ g‘rn AmZo na A{Zb Am¡a Yyb Ho$ H$Um| go âo b§~o ny±N> àmßV H$aVo h¢& BÝh| h‘ amV« Ho$ g‘¶ XoI gH$Vo h¢& 76 df© ‘| EH$ ~ma {XImB© XoZodmbm "hoëbr' Yy‘Ho$Vy Oogo AZoH$ Yy‘Ho$Vy {ZpíMV Ad{Y¶m| ‘| {XImB© XoVo h¢& Bg Ho$ nyd© 1986 ‘| hoëbr Yy‘Ho$Vy {XImB© {X¶m Wm& AmJo H$~ {XImB© XoJm?

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J{V g‘PZo ¶h H$m¶©H$bmn ghm¶H$ hmoJm&

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n¥Ïdr H$m CnJ«h - MÝÐ

EH$ J«h Ho$ Mmam| Amoa Kw‘Zodmbo AmH$meH$m¶ H$mo CnJ«h H$hVo h¢& MÝÐ, n¥Ïdr H$m EH¡$H$ àmH¥${VH$ CnJ«h h¡& ¶h n¥Ïdr Ho$ Mmam| Amoa ^y‘Vm h¡& dh ñd¶§ àH$me‘mZ Zht h¡& dh am{Ì ‘| gy¶©àH$me H$mo namd{V©V H$aVm h¡&

gmo{ME : ¶{X Vw‘ M§Ð na ahVo, ³¶m n¥Ïdr Vwåh| MÝÐ H$s Vah {XIVm h¡?

MÝÐ H$s J{V : MÝÐ H$s Xmo J{V¶m± h¢& AnZo Aj H$m KyU©Z Am¡a Xÿgam n¥Ïdr Ho$ Mmam| Amoa Ky‘Zo H$s n[aH«$‘m&

n{‹TE-Om{ZE : MÝÐ H$m KyU©Z Ad{Y 27.3 {XZ Am¡a n[aH«$‘m Ad{Y 29.5 {XZ h¡&

O¡go O¡go MÝÐ, n¥Ïdr Ho$ Mmam| Am¡a n[aH«$‘m H$aVm h¡, gy¶© Ho$ g§~§Y ‘| CgH$s pñW{V ha amV _| ~XbVr ahVr h¡& n[aUm‘ ñdê$n h‘ MÝÐ H$s AdñWmE| XoI gH$Vo h¢& MÝÐ Ho$ Ñí` mJm| Ho$ n[adV©Zm| H$mo MÝÐ H$s AdñWmE| (H$bmE|) H$hVo h¢&

MÝÐ O~ nyU©ê$n go A§Yoao ‘| ahVm h¡, Cgo A‘dmñ¶m MÝÐ H$hVo h¡, nyU© ê$n go àH$me ‘| aho Vmo nyZ‘ H$m MÝÐ H$hVo h¢&

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n‹TH$a g‘P br{OE :

• EH$ {XZ: n¥Ïdr AnZr Aj ‘| hr YyU©Z H$aZo H$s Ad{Y H$mo EH$ {XZ H$hVo h¢&• EH$ df© : n¥Ïdr AnZo Ajna Ky‘Vo, gy¶© Ho$ Mmam| Amoa EH$ n[aH«$‘m nyU© H$aZo H$s Ad{Y H$mo EH$ df© H$hVo h¢&• EH ‘hrZm : Xmo H«$‘mJV MÝÐm| Ho$ ~rM H$s Ad{Y H$mo EH$ ‘hrZm H$hVo h¢& ¶h Ad{Y n¥Ïdr Ho$ Mmam| Amoa n[aH«$‘m H$aZo Ho$ MÝÐ H$s Ad{Y na {Z^©a H$aVm h¡&

H$m¶©H$bmn :

{MÌ ‘| {XImB© {X¶m O¡go EH$ g‘Vb na EH$ ~S>m J|X Am¡a EH$ N>moQ>m J|X aImo& XmoZm| Ho$ ~rM 4 cm H$m AÝVa aImo& A~ H$‘ao ‘| A§Yoam H$amo& EH$ Q>mM© boH$a AbJ AbJ {XemAm| go CZHo$ g‘Vb ñVa go àH$me {JamAmo& · Vwåh| àmá OmZH$mar Ho$ AmYma na ZrMo Ho$ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma {bImo Am¡a {‘Ìm| Ho$ gmW MMm© H$amo&

y H$¶m àH$me {H$gr J|X Ho$ g§nyU© n¥îR> na {JaVm h¡? y O~ àH$me EH$ J|X na {JaVm h¡, BgH$s à{VN>m`m go ³¶m nyU© A§Yoam H$aZm g§ d h¡?

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XoIH$a {H«$¶m H$amo: à{V{XZ AmH$me H$mo XoImo& M§Ð {XImB© XoZodmbo ^mJ H$m AmH$ma Am¡a {Xem H$m {Z[ajU H$amo& M‘H$Vo Vmam| H$mo XoImo& EH$ {ZpíMV AmH$me J§Jm Am¡a CgH$s J{V Ü¶mZ go XoImo& {ZåZ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma {bImo&

1. ³¶m M§Ð H$m JmoMa AmH$ma h‘oem EH$ hr hmoVm h¡?

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2. M§Ð H$m¡Z go {XZm§H$ H$mo nyU©ê$n go àH$me‘mZ {XImB© XoVm h¡? Bg pñW{V H$mo ³¶m H$hVo h¡&

____________________________________________ 3. H$m¡Z go {XZm§H$ H$mo M§Ð nyU© én go {XImB© Zht XoVm? Bgo h‘ ³¶m H$hVo h¡?

____________________________________________

4. ³¶m à{V{XZ OÝÐ EH$ hr ñWmZ na {Z{X©ï> g‘¶ na {XImB© XoVm h¡?

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5. ³¶m Vma| EH$ hr ñWmZ na {XImB© XoVo h¢, AWdm CZHo$ ñWmZ ~XbVo h¢?

___________________________________________

6. Hw$N> ZjÌm| H$mo OmoS>H$a ³¶m H$moB© AmH$ma H$s aMZm H$a gH$Vo h¢?

_________________

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gmo{MEoo: H$B© ~ma Amob§{nH$ Am¡a AÝ¶ OmJ{VH$ ñnYm©Am| H$m grYm àgmaU XoIVo g‘¶, {díd Ho$ Xÿgao Xoem| ‘| {XZ aho Vmo h‘mao ¶hm± amV hmoVr h¡&¶h H¡$go g§^d h¡?

H$m¶©H$bmn : H$m¡Zgm J«h H$m¡Zgo g‘¶ {XImB© XoVm h¡? ¶hm± {X¶m J¶m h¡& {‘Ìm| Ho$ gmW drjU H$s{OE&

J«h gw~h em‘

ewH«$ J«h Aà¡b go OyZ VH$

‘§Jb J«h OmZodar go ‘mM© VH$ _B© go {Xg|~a VH$

Jwé J«h ’$adar go _B© VH$ goßQ>§~a go {S>g|~a VH$

H$m¡Z go g‘yh ‘| H$m¡Z? Bg gyMr ‘| {bImo&gy¶©, n¥Ïdr, MÝÐ, ‘§Jb, ~wY, Jwé, ewH«$, e{Z Am¡a Y«d Vmam

ZjÌ J«h CnJ«h

y ZrMo Ho$ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma {bImo :

1. gm¡a‘§S>b {H$go H$hVo h¢?____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

2. n¥Ïdr H$m àmH¥${VH$ CnJ«h H$m¡Z gm h¡?

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3. BZ AmH$meH$m¶ Ho$ à‘wI bjU {b{IE.

AmH$me H$m¶ à‘wI bjU

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y ‘§Jb J«h Ho$ àmH¥${VH$ CnJ«h h¡ nmo~mog Am¡a S>mB‘m¡g&

y Jwé J«h Ho$ 67 go A{YH$ àmH¥${VH$ CnJ«h Am¡a e{Z J«h Ho$ 62 go A{YH$ àmH¥${VH$ CnJ«h h¡&

y ¶yaoZg J«h H$mo H$‘ go H$‘ 27 àmH¥${VH$ CnJ«h hmo Vmo ZoßÀ¶yZ Ho$ 14 àmH¥${VH$ CnJ«h h¡&

y ~wY Am¡a ewH«$ Ho$ àmH¥${VH$ CnJ«h Zht h¡&

y AmO n¥Ïdr na ‘mÌ Ordr {XImB© {X¶o h¡&

y AbJ AbJ Xoem| Ho$ H¥${ÌH$ CnJ«h n¥Ïdr Ho$ Mmam| Amoa Ky_Vo ahVo h¢& ^maV H$m àW‘ {Z{‘©V CnJ«h Am¶©^QQ²> h¡&

y M§Ð na nhbo nhb Zrb Am‘ñQ>m§J© Zo H$X‘ aIm Wm&

y Jwé, e{Z ¶waoZg Am¡a Zoß¶À¶yZ J«hm| H$mo A{Zb ¶w³V X¡Ë¶J«h H$hVo h¡&

y

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nmR> - 15

h‘mam ^maV - àmH¥${VH$ {d{dYVm

^maV h_mam Xoe h¡ & `hm± {d{dYVmAm| go ¶w³V àmH¥${VH$ n[aga nm¶m OmVm h¡& {h‘mb¶ H$s ûm«o{U¶m±, D±$Mo nd©V{eIa, nR>mar àXoe, {demb ‘¡XmZ, g‘wÐVQ>r¶ àXoe Ûrn, ao{JñVmZ Z{X¶m| Ho$ Omb, Eogr H$B© àmH¥${VH$ {deofVmAm| go ¶w³V ^maV H$m ñdê$n ^ì¶Vm H$m à{Vê$n h¡&


� ^maV Ho$ àmH¥${VH$ {d^mJ Ho$ ‘mZ{MÌ go n[a{MV hmoJo&

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� H$bm Am¡a dmñVw {eën na àH¥${V H$m à^md OmZmoJo&

� ^maV Ho$ gñ¶dJ© Am¡a àmUrdJ© H$s OmZH$mar nmAmoJo&

� ^maV H$s Obdm¶w-F$VwAm| Ho$ à‘wI bjUm| H$s OmZH$mar nmAmoJo&

^maV Ho$ àmH¥${VH$ {d^mJ

AJbo n¥îR> na {XE JE ^maV Ho$ ^mZ{MÌ H$mo XoImo& Bggo ^maV Ho$ à‘wI àmH¥${VH$ {d^mJm| H$s OmZH$mar {‘bVr h¡& BgHo$ Ûmam ^maV H$s àH¥${V Ho$ ~mao ‘| AmgmZr go OmZ gH$Vo h¢&

{ejH$m| Ho$ {bE gyMZm~ÀMm| H$mo H$å¶yQ>a ‘| ^m¡Jmo{bH$ Z³em XoIZo H$m AdH$me X|& S>mCZbmoS> {H$E JE {MÌm| Ho$ Cn¶moJ go A_yV© H$ënZmE± ‘yV© ê$n ‘| gmH$ma hmoH$a g‘PZo ‘| ghm¶Vm {‘bVr h¡&

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_mZ{MÌ ‘| ³¶m ³¶m XoIVo h¡?

^maV Ho$ y^mJ na EH$ Va’$ go Xÿgar Va’$ ZOa S>mbZo go ~hþV gr {d{dYVmE± {XImB© n‹S>Vr h¢ Zm? D±$Mo D±$Mo nd©V, Jhar ImB¶m±, g‘Vb ‘¡XmZr ^mJ nR>mar ^mJ, h‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢& Bg Vah {XImB© XoZodmbo D$nar ^y^mJ H$s {deofVmE± hr dhm± Ho$ àmH¥${VH$ bjU H$hbmVr h¢&

BpÝXam nmB§Q>

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A~ h‘ ^maV Ho$ àmH¥${VH$ {d^mJm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| OmZ|J|&

1. CÎmar nd©V : Bg ^mJ _| A{YH$Va {h‘mb¶ H$s nd©V ûm«o{U¶m± h¡& A~ Vw‘ ^maV Ho$ Z³eo ‘| CÎma H$s Amoa XoImo H$mí‘ra go ‘oKmb¶ VH$ {h‘mb¶ H$s ûm««o{U¶m| H$mo ’¡$bm hþAm nmAmoJo& ¶o Xþ{Z¶m Ho$ g~go D±$Mr nd©V ûm««o{U¶m± h¡&

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{h‘mb¶ nd©V Ho$ à‘wI bjU&

y {h‘ go T>Ho$ ahVo h¡& Bgr{bE BÝh| {h‘mb¶ nd©V H$hVo h¢&

y AË¶ÝV D±$Mo {eIam| go ¶w³V h¡§&

y Jhar Km{Q>¶m± Am¡a Xa} h¢&

y {h‘ZXr VWm D±$Mrnd©V Km{Q>¶m| go ¶w³V h¡&

y ¶hm§ J‘©nmZr Ho$ òmoV nmE OmVo h¢&

y {d{dY àH$ma Ho$ gñ¶ Am¡a àmUrdJ© nmE OmVo h¢&

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AZwwHy$bVmE±

y ‘Ü¶ E{e¶m Ho$ AË¶{YH$ erV àXoem| H$s Amoa go ~hZodmbr erV hdmAm| H$mo

amoH$Vr h¡&

y CÎma ^maV H$s Z{X¶m| H$m OÝ‘ hþAm h¡&

y ‘mZgyZr hdmAm| H$mo amoH$Zo go AÀN>r dfm© H$m H$maU ~Zr h¡&

y ^m¡Jmo{bH$ gr‘m na D$±Mr Xrdma ~ZH$a, ~mhar AmH«$‘Um| go ajm XoVr h¢&


hOmam| {H$bmo‘rQ>a Xÿa-Xÿa VH$ ’¡$bo hþE Hw$N> nd©Vm| H$mo "nd©V lo{U¶m±' H$hVo h¢&

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{gÝYw, J§Jm, ¶‘wZm, ~«å‘nwÌ Am{X Z{X¶m§ BZ nd©Vm| go {ZH$bH$a ~hVr h¢&

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ZrMo {XE JE BZ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma {bImo&

1) {h‘mb¶ nd©V Ho$ h[a¶mbr dmbo ñWmZm| ‘| nmE OmZo dmbo àm{U¶m| Ho$ Zm‘ {bImo&

_______________________

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2) {h‘mb¶ H$s {ZMbr Km{Q>¶m| ‘| g‘Vb ^y{‘ nmB© OmVr h¡& BÝh| XÿZ H$hVo h¢& CXmhaU Ho$ {bE ^maV H$m XohamXÿZ& ¶hà{gÕ àdmgñWb h¡& bmoJ J{‘©¶m| ‘| ¶hm± Ky‘Zo AmVo h¢&

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

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3) Vwåhmao Jm±d/eha Ho$ Amg-nmg ahZo dmbo nd©V/ nd©V loUr /nhmS>r hmo Vmo CZH$m Zm‘ {bImo&

_______________________ _______________________

_______________________ _______________________

_______________________ _______________________

_______________________ _______________________

_______________________ _______________________

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4) {h‘mb¶ H$s KmQ>r ‘| nmE OmZodmbo àm{U¶m| ‘| go {H$gr EH$ àmUr H$m {MÌ g§J«h H$aHo$ ¶hm± {MnH$mAmo&

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

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‘m¢Q> EdaoñQ> {eIa (8.848 ‘r.) g§gma ‘| g~go D±$Mm h¡&

‘m¢Q JmS>{dZ ApñQ>Z AWdm K2 (8611 ‘r) ^maV H$m AË¶ÝV D±$Mm {eIa h¡&

‘w„¶Z{J[a (1913 ‘r.) H$Zm©Q>H$ H$m AË¶ÝV D±$Mm {eIa h¡&

AU¡‘w{S> (2665 ‘r.) X{jU ^maV H$m D±$Mm {eIa h¡&

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{h‘mb¶ go {ZH$bZo dmbr Z{X¶m± AnZo gmW D$nar {‘Q²>Q>r ~hmH$a bmVr h¡& CÎma Ho$ ‘¡XmZr ^mJ Bg CnOmD$ {‘Q²>Q>r go V¡¶ma hþE h¡& BÝh| {gÝYw-J§Jm-~«÷nwÌ ZXr ‘¡XmZ H$hVo h¢&

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BZ {MÌm| H$mo Ü¶mZ go XoImo ^maV ‘| BÝh| H$hm±-H$hm± XoIVo h¢? BZHo$ Zm‘ {bImo&

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Ü¶mZ Xr{OE y H$Zm©Q>H$ Ho$ H$moëbyê$, K‘©ñWb, Hw$³Ho$ gw~«§h‘Ê¶ Ho$ ‘pÝXam| Ho$ ^rVar Xrdmam| H$m {Z‘m©U bH$S>r go hþAm&

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2) ZXr VQ>r¶ àXoem| ‘| bmoJ A{YH$ ahVo h¢& ³¶m|? ___________________________________________________

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4) ^maV Ho$ Z³em| ‘| J§Jm, ~«÷nwÌ, ¶‘wZm ZXr H$mo nhMmZmo&

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3. nR>mar àXoe : ~ÀMm| _mZ{MÌ _| Z‘©Xm ZXr H$mo XoImo Z‘©Xm gmoZ Xamar KmQ>r Ho$ Bg ^y-^mJ H$mo Xmo ^mJm| ‘o {d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡& CÎmar ^mJ H$moo _mëdm Ho$ nR>ma VWm XIZ nR>ma ^y{‘ Ho$ Zm‘ go ~wbmVo h¢& ‘mbdm Ho$ CÎma _| Aamdbr Am¡a X{jU ‘| {dÝÜ¶nd©V h¢& g~go D±$Mm {eIa (1772 ‘r) Aamdbr nd©V loUr H$m Jwé{eIa h¢¡&

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2) nR>mar ^mJ Ho$ {H$Ýhr Xmo Eoo{Vh{gH$ ñWmZm| Ho$ Zm‘ {bImo&

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H$m§S²>bm (JwOamV), ‘w§~B© (‘hmamîQ´>>), ‘‘©Jmodm (Jmodm) Zd‘§Jbyê$ (H$Zm©Q>H$) H$mo{ƒ (Ho$ab), VwVHw$S>r, MoÞB© (V{‘bZmSw>), {demI nQ²>Q>U (AmÝY«àXoe), nmamXrn (CS²>rgm) hm{bS>¶m, H$mobH$Îmm (npíM‘ ~§Jmb) ¶o ^maV Ho$ à‘wI ~ÝXa Jmh h¢&

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{ZåZ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma {bImo&

y H$Zm©Q>H$ ‘| H$m¡Z go g‘wÐ na VQ>dVu àXoe h¢?

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y H$Zm©Q>H$ Ho$ H$m¡Z go {Obo VQ>r¶ àXoe ‘| AmVo h¢?

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y ^maV Ho$ npíM‘r VQ>àXoe H$s ’$gbm| H$s gyMr ~ZmAmo&

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y ^y‘r go gQ>ohþE {~Zm {H$Zmam|dmbm g‘Vb {demb g‘wÐVQ> h¢& BÝh| "~rM' H$hVo h¢& g‘wÐ H$mo h‘ Xÿa-Xÿa VH$ XoIVo h¢& ~S>r-~S>r bham| H$mo {H$Zmao go Q>H$amVo hþE XoIH$a Vwåhmam ‘Z Iwer go â OmVm h¡& H$Zm©Q>H$ Ho$ Cëbmb, ‘ëno, H$mnw, Amo‘² VWm ‘adÝVo ~rM AË¶ÝV gwÝXa h¢& Vmo {’$a A~ ^maV Ho$ à{gÕ "~rM' H$m¡Z go h¢ OmZH$a {bImo&

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ewîH$hdm, gyaO Ho$ Vmn go {ga VnZo bJVm h¡& ¶hm§ Ho$ bmoJ {ga na ~S>r-~S>r nJ{S>¶m± ~m±YVo h¢& BZ nJ{‹S>¶m| Ûmam VoO J‘u go ~hþV hX VH$ ~Mm Om gH$Vm h¡&

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y Amo¶{gg Ho$ Amg-nmg IoVr ~mS>r H$s Om gH$Vr h¡& Ádma, ~mOam, ‘H$B©, gagm|, IOya VWm {‘Mu ¶hm± H$s à‘wI CnO h¢&

y Wma ‘éñWb ‘| Hw$N> Z‘H$sZ gamoda ^r nmE OmVo h¢& BÝh| ßbm¶m H$hVo h¢& CXmhaU Ho$ {bE gmå~ma, {S>S²>dmZ, gmaJmob gamoda h¢&

y gmå~ma gamoda ^maV H$m AË¶ÝV ~S>m "Z‘H$rZ gamoda' h¡&

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~ÀMmo n[aga Am¡a Obdm¶w H$m à^md dmñVw{eën na ^r {XImB© XoVm h¡& Bgo Vw‘ g‘P MwHo$ hmo& O¶nwa, CX¶nwa, AO‘oa, nwîH$a

‘mC§Q>>Am~y A{X amOñWmZ Ho$ à{gÕY ñWmZ h¡& Hw$ebVm nyd©H$ {Z{‘©V ~S>o-~S>o amO‘hb ‘éñWb Ho$ dmñVw{eën Ho$ Z‘yZo h¢&

{ZåZ àíZm| kHo$ CÎma {bImo&1) Amoo¶{gg H$m AW© ³¶m h¡?

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______________________________________________________2) ‘éñWb Ho$ {H$Ýhr VrZ bjUm| H$mo {bImo&

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3) {XE JE Imbr OJh ‘| D±$Q> H$m {MÌ {MnH$mH$a BgHo$ ~mao ‘| 4 dm³¶ {bImo&

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^maV H$s Z{X¶m±^maV ‘| AZoH$ Z{X¶m± ~hVr h¢& ¶h Xoe H$s àmH¥${VH$ gån{Îm h¡& BZH$m

CX²J‘², ~hmd H$s {Xem Obà‘mU ‘| {d{dYVm h¡& Bgr{bE ^maV H$s Z{X¶m| H$mo CÎma ^maV H$s Z{X¶m± VWm X{jU ^maV H$s Z{X`m| ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m J¶m h¡&

CÎma ^maV H$s Z{X¶m±: CÎma ^maV H$s à‘wI Z{X¶m± {gÝYw, J§Jm, ~«÷nwÌm Am¡a CZH$s CnZ{X¶m± h¢& BZ_| go A{YH$Va Z{X¶m| H$m OÝ_ {h‘mb¶ nd©V ‘| hmoVm h¡& ¶o Ob go ânya hmoH$a ~hVr h¢& BZH$o$ X²dmam ~hmH$a bmB© JB© {‘Å>Q>r go CÎma Ho$ ‘¡XmZ CnOmD$ ~Zo h¢& ¶h IoVr Ho$ {bE A{YH$ Cn¶moJr h¡& BZ Z{X¶m| Ho$ {H$Zmao nwamU à{gÕY VWm Eo{Vhm{gH$ ¶mÌmñWb ~go hþE h¢¡&

CXmhaU : {Xëbr, AmJam, dmaUgr BË¶m{X&

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X{jU maV H$s Z{X¶m± : X{jU maV H$s Z{X¶m| H$mo nyd© H$s Amoa ~hZodmbr VWm n{íM‘ H$s Amoa ~hZo dmbr Z{X¶m| Ho$ én ‘o {d^m{OV H$a gH$Vo h¢& nyd© H$s Amoa ~hZodmbr à‘wI Z{X¶m| ‘| ‘hmZXr, JmoXmdar, H¥$îU, H$mdoar nmbma Am¡a noÞma Z{X¶m± h¢& ¶o Z{X¶m± A¾o¶ Ed§ nyd© {Xem ‘| ~hH$a ~§Jmb H$s ImS>r ‘| Om H$a {‘bVr h¢ & npíM‘ H$s Amoa ~hZo dmbrZ{X¶m| ‘| Z‘©Xm, Vmnr, eamdVr, H$mbr, ZoÌmdVr Owdmar VWm noí¶ma Z{X¶m± h¢& ¶o npíM‘r {Xem ‘| ~hH$a Aa~r g‘wÐ ‘| OmH$a {‘bVr h¢& BZ N>moQ>r Z{X¶m| Ho$ VoO àdmh go H$B© Ob ànmV ~Zo h¢, Omo {H$ {dÚwV CËnmXZ Ho$ {bE ghm¶H$ ~Zr h¢&

AmOH$b Z{X¶m| ‘|o CZ‘| go ^r J§Jm-¶‘wZm Am{X Z{X¶m± A{YH$ àXÿ{fV hmo ahr h¢& CZH$s n{dÌVm H$mo hm{Z nhþ±Mr h¡&

^maV H$s Obdm¶w~ÀMm| A~ VH$ Amn ^maV Ho$ àmH¥${VH$ {d^mJmo H$s nhMmZ H$aZm grI JE

hmo& {XZ H$s Obdm¶w H¡$gr hmoVr h¡ Bgo g‘PZm ^r OmZ MwHo$ hmo& ¶o {MÌ ³¶m Xem©Vo h¢?

^maV Ho$ CîUdb¶ ‘o {d{dY àH$ma H$s ‘mZgyZr Obdm¶w nmB© OmVr h¢& ‘mZgyZ dm¶w Aa~r^mfm Ho$ ‘m¡{g_ eãX go ~Zm h¡& ‘¡{g_ H$m AW© h¡ F$VwH$mb& BgH$m

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‘Vb~ {H$ maV H$s Obdm¶w H$m n[adV©Z EH$ F$Vw goo Xÿgao F$Vw ‘| hmoVm ahVm h¡&

Bg Vah go ^maV H$s Obdm¶w ‘| ~Xbmdm| H$mo h‘ XoIVo h¢& erVVH$mb, J«rî‘H$mb, nydm}Îma ‘mZgyZr hdmAm| H$m H$mb (dfm©H$mb) Am¡a ‘mZgyZr hdmAm| Ho$ bm¡Q>Zo H$m g‘¶ BZ g~H$mo h‘ AZw^d H$aVo h¢& H$^rH$^r Obdm`w ‘| erVbVm hmoVr h¡, Vmo H$^r J‘u, Vmo {’$a ~mXb N>mE {XImB© XoVo h¢& Eogo H¡$go? CgHo$ ~mao ‘| gmoMmo&

ewîH$ hdm, ~agmVr hdmE±, BZ hdmAm| go ~hH$a AmZo dmbr Ama§{^H$-A§{V‘ ~agmVr hdmE±& BZHo$ Abmdm àmH¥${VH$ {dH$mondmbr Vy’$mZr hdmE± ^r ^maV H$s Obdm¶w na AnZm à^md S>mbVr h¡& Bggo H$B© ~ma AmH$pñ‘H$ ~Xbmd XoI gH$Vo h¢&

^maV ‘o {XImB© XoZo dmbr dm{f©H$ Obdm¶w Ho$ AmYma na 4 F$VwAm| ‘o {d^{OV H$a gH$Vo h¢& Omo {H$ Bg àH$ma h¡&

F$VwE± Ad{Y (‘hrZo)

erVH$mb {Xgå~a, OZdar, ’$adar

J«rî‘ H$mb ‘mM©, Aà¡b, ‘B©

CÎma nyd© ‘mZgyZr H$mb (dfm©a§^)

OyZ, OwbmB©, AJñV {gVå~a

‘mZgyZ H$m {ZJ©‘Z(dfmªV H$mb)

A³Q>mo~a, Zdå~a

^maV Ho$ Z³e| ‘| nydmoÎma, npíM‘moÎma, X{jUnyd©, X{jU npíM‘r {XemAm| H$mo nhMmZmo& ~ÀMmo ^maV Ho$ nydm©Îma go ~hZodmbr hdmAm| go dfm© hmoVr h¡& {Z{X©ï> g‘¶ ‘o A{YH$ X~md go H$‘ X~md H$s Am¡a hdmAm| H$mo ‘méV H$hVo h¢& EH$ F$Vw go Xÿgar F$V ‘| {XemE± ~XbH$a ~hZodmbr hdmAm| H$mo ‘m¡g‘r hdmE± H$hVo h¢& CXmhaU Ho$ {bE ‘mZgyZr hdmE±&

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y AnZo Xoe ‘o h‘ Xmo Vah Ho$ dfm©H$mb H$mo XoIVo h¢& OyZ go {gVå~a VH$ Z¡éË¶ ‘mZgyZr hdmAm| H$m g‘¶ Am¡a A³Vy~a go Zdå~a VH$ ‘mZygZ H$m {ZJ©‘Z H$mb&

y npíM‘ VQ>dVu àXoe npíM‘r Km{Q>¶m| H$m ^mJ VWm B©emÝ¶ (nydm}Îma) ‘| A{YH$ dfm© hmoVr h¡&

y ‘oKmb¶ Ho$ "‘m¡{gZam‘' Zm‘H$ ñWmZ maV H$m AË¶{YH$ dfm© dmbm àXoe h¡&

H$m¶©H$bmn : AË¶{YH$ dfm© Ho$ n[aUm‘ Bggo g§~pÝYV ghr g§X^m] go gå~ÝY aIZo dmbr ~mVm| na (3) H$m, Z hmoZo na (x) H$m {MÝh bJmAmo&

1) bmoJ AË¶ÝV àgÞ hmoVo h¢& 2) amñVo nmZr go â OmVo h¢& 3) nmoIa Vmbm~m| ‘| nmZr Zht hmoVm 4) {~Obr H$Q> OmVr h¡& 5) OmZdam| H$mo Mmam {‘bVm h¡& 6) g‘wÕ ‘o ‘N>br nH$S>Zm AmgmZ hmoVm h¡& 7) bmoJ Ka-~ma ImoH$a {Zam{lV hmoVo h¢& y A~ VH$ Vw‘Zo AnZr nmR>embm ‘| àmßV Obdm¶w H$s Omo OmZH$mar nmB© CgH$m g§J«h H$amo& Vwåh| Omo OmZH$mar {‘br CgHo$ AZwgma Obdm¶w H$s pñW{V H¡$gr h¡ BgHo$ ~mao ‘| ~VmAmo&

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y {nN>bo Xmo df© ‘| ^maV _| H$hm±-H$hm± Vy’$mZ (gmB³bmoZ) AmE? Bg ~mao ‘o| OmZH$mar BH$Q²>R>r H$amoo, BgHo$ ~mao ‘| {bImo&

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y AË¶{YH$ d ‘ygbmYma dfm© go CËnÞ n[apñW{V`m| H$mo Xem©Zo dmbo Ñí¶ {MÌm| H$m g§J«h H$aHo$ {MnH$mAmo&

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Ü¶mZ Xr{OE: g‘¶ na dfm© Z hmoZo go gyIo H$m gm‘Zm hmoVm h¡& ’$gbm| H$mo nmZr H$m A^md hmoVm h¡& OmZdam|, àm{U¶m| H$mo nmZr Ho$ {bE ^Q>H$Zm nS>Vm h¡& Bggo do ‘a ^r OmVo h¡& nrZo Ho$ nmZr H$s H$^r go, VoOYyn go Jbm gyIVm h¡& YaVr na g~ OJh hmhmH$ma _M>Vm h¡& bmoJ Xÿgar-Xÿgar OJhm§o H$mo Mbo OmVo h¢& ¶o g^r gyIo Ho$ n[aUm‘ h¢&

Vwåhmao {bE EH$ àíZ & YaVr VnVr h¡& AÝVO©b Imbr hmo OmVm h¡& {h‘mb¶ go ~’©$ {nKbVr h¡,

BgH$m ³¶m H$maU h¡? gmoMmo AnZo {‘Ìm|/g{I¶m| go Bg ~mao ‘| MMm© H$aHo$ {bImo&

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ao{S>¶mo, Q>r.dr.VWm g‘mMma nÌm| _| àmßV hmoZo dmbr _m¡g_ H$s OmZH$mar go

h‘o ³¶m bm^ hmoVm h¡? BgH$s gyMr ~ZmAmo?

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^maV Ho$ gñ¶dJ© Am¡a àm{U¶m| H$s {d{dYVmE±&

~ÀMm| ¶hm± {XImE JE àmUr Am¡a nm¡Ym| Ho$ ~mao ‘| Omo gyMZ Xr JB© h¡ Cgo n‹T>mo, Omo g§å~pÝYV h¡ (), Omo Zht h¡ CgHo$ {bE (x)H$m {MÝh A§{H$V H$amo&

àmUrgM ‘| XoIm h¡&

{MÌm| ‘| XoIm h¡&

{~ëHw$b Zht XoIm&

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noS> nm¡Yo gM ‘| XoIm h¡&

{MÌm| ‘| XoIm h¡&

XoIm hr Zht

^maV Ho$ àmH¥${VH$ bjUm| H$s {d{^ÞVmAm| Ho$ g‘mZ hr gñ¶m| Am¡a à{U¶m| H$s {d{^ÞVmE± nmB© OmVr h¢&

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{ejH$m| Ho$ {bE gyMZm{O¶mo ‘mZ{MÌ H$m Cn¶moJ H$s{OE& ~ÀMm| H$s KZo O§Jb {XImZo H$m ‘m¡H$m

{XbmE±& Amgm‘ Ho$ O§Jb, JwOamV Ho$ nhmS>r O§Jb {h‘mb¶ nd©V lmoUr _| ahZo dmbo noS>-nm¡Yo npíM‘r Km{Q>¶m|, ny{d©Km{Q>¶m| VWm AZÝV{J[a dZm| BË¶m{X H$mo {XImZo H$m AdH$me {XbmE±&

~ÀMm| ^maV H$m AnZm EH$ AbJ hr {deof gñ¶dJ© VWm àmUr dJ© h¡& KZo O§Jb, Kmg Ho$ ‘¡XmZ, H$m§Q>oXma noS>, PmS>rXma gñ¶dJ©, gXmh[aV O§Jb, nÎmo PS>Zo dmbo nf©nmVr gñ¶dJ© H$mo h‘ maV ‘o A{YH$ XoIVo h¡& BÝh| ‘mZgyZr dZ H$hVo h¢&

hmWr, ~mK, qgh, MrVm, O§Jbr ^¡gm, {haZ, ‘moa AZoH$ àH$ma Ho$ OmZdam|, n[j¶m| H$mo {ZdmgñWmZ XoZo dmbo ¶o O§Jb ^maV H$s à‘wI nmH¥${VH$ g§n{Îm h¡&

¶mX a{IEo: H$Zm©Q>H$ H$m ‘boZmSw>, AWdm gøm{Ð nd©VmKmQ>r àXoe Ho$ O§Jb, ZmJahmobo, ^Ðm VWm ~ÊS>rnwa amîQ´>r¶ CÚmZ (g§a{jV)amÁ¶ Ho$ à‘wI àmH¥${VH$ gån{V h¡&

OmZH$a {bImo1) ^maV Ho$ {H$Ýhr VrZ g§a{jV AaÊ¶ àXoem| Ho$ Zm‘ {bImo&

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2) AmOH$b AmoPb hmoZo dmbo àm{U¶mo Ho$ ~mao ‘| {‘Ìm|/g{I¶m| Ho$ gmW MMm© H$amo& Eogo àm{U¶m| Ho$ Zm‘ {bImo&

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³¶m Vw‘ OmZVo hmo?àmUr OJV H$s {d{dYVm H$mo ~MmE aIZo Ho$ {bE BZH$s JUZm H$m¶© Mbm¶m OmVm h¡

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3) O§Jbm| Ho$ Zme go hmoZodmbr hm{Z¶m± H$m¡Z gr h¢? {‘Ìm|/gho{b`m| Ho$ gmW MMm© H$aHo$ ¶hm± {bImo&

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4) Vwåhmao Mmamo Va’$ H$m¡Z-H$m¡Z go àmUr h¢? XoIH$a CZH$s gyMr ~ZmAmo&

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n[a¶moOZm :

y ^maV H$s àmH¥${VH$ {deofVmAm| H$mo Xem©Zodmbm ^yñdê$n H$m Z‘yZm (Q>mo’$moJ«m’$s) H$mo {ejH$m| Ho$ ‘mJ©Xe©Z go V¡¶ma H$amo&

Amdí¶H$ gm‘J«r : H$mS>©~moS>©, {MH$Zr{‘Q²>Q>r, éB©Jm|X, ~mby, bmb{‘Q²>Q>r, a§J BË¶m{X&

y gmbw‘aX {Vå‘³H$m ZmJoe hoJS>o VWm S>m.‘mYd JmS>Jrba Ho$ {df¶ _| OmZH$mar BH$Q²>R>m H$amo.

~ÀMm| Bg KQ>H$ ‘| Vw‘Zo ³¶m ³¶m OmZm ¶mX H$amo& ^maV H$s àH¥${V {H$VZr gwÝXa h¡& EH$ go ~‹T>H$a EH$ AbJ h¡& BgHo$ à{V àe§gm^md hmoZm Mm{hE& Eogr gwÝXa àH¥${V H$mo h‘o§ gwa{jV aIZm h¡ Am¡a ‘Zwî¶ X²dmam {H$E OmZo dmbo hm{ZH$a {H«$¶mH$bmnm| H$mo {Z¶§{ÌV H$aZm h¡&

y

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nmR> - 16

h‘mam ^maV - amOH$s¶ Am¡a g§pñH¥${VH$

^maV h‘mar ‘mV¥^y‘r h¡& Bgo AnZm hr ^m¡Jmo{bH$ EoVrhm{gH$, amOH$s¶ Am¡a gm§ñH¥${VH$ B{Vhmg h¡& ¶h ^ì¶ na§namdmbm Xoe h¡& hOmam| dfm] VH$ AZoH$ {dXoer¶m| Zo ^maV ‘o amOH$mamo~ma MbmZo H$m CXmhaU h‘| B{Vhmg ‘| {‘bVo h¢& ¶wénXoe go AmZodmbm| _| {~«{Q>em| Zo gwXrK© 200 dfm}VH$ H$s b§~r Ad{YVH$ ^maV na amO {H$¶m& {~«{Q>e amO go ñdV§Ì hmoZo Ho$ {b¶o, CZHo$ {déÜX ñdV§ÌVm g§Jm«‘ bS>Zo Ho$ H$maU, ^maV 15 AJñV 1947 H$mo EH$ ñdV§Ì amîQ´> ~Zm& V~ VH$ H$moB© am{îQ´>¶ gr‘m {ZYm©[aV Zhr Wr& ñdmV§Ìm Ho$ ~mX h‘| EH$ {Z{X©îQ> am{îQ´>¶ gr‘m àmßV hÿB© h¡& bo{H$Z, A~ Am¡a dmng, ^maV AnZo nS>mogr amîQ´>m| Ho$ gmW gr‘m {ddmXm| H$m gm‘Zm H$aZm nS> ahm h¡& {dÚmWu¶m|! ^maV AmO Eogm EH$ Xoe h¡& Omo amÁ¶m| H$m g§K h¡& h‘| h‘mao ^maV Xoe Ho$ ~mao ‘| Jd© hmoZm Mm{hE& h‘| ^maVXoe Ho$ ~mao _| AZoH$ {df¶ ‘mby‘ ahZm Mm{hE&

Bg nmR> H$mo grIZo Ho$ ~mX Vw‘, � Xþ{Z¶m ({díd) ‘| ^maV H$s ^m¡Jmo{bH$ pñW{V Ho$ ~mao ‘| OmZoJ|& � ^maV Ho$ Ajm§e Am¡a aoIm§e Ho$ ~mao ‘| ‘mby‘ nS>oJm& � ^maV Ho$ nS>mo{g Xoe Am¡a Mmam| Va’$ Amd¥V ({Kam) Obam{e¶m| Ho$ ~mao ‘| kmZ àmá hmoJm&

� ^maV Ho$ ‘mZ{MÌ na amÁ¶ Am¡a Ho$ÝÐem{gV amÁ¶m| H$mo nhMmZ|Jo& � {d{dYVm ‘| EH$Vm Am¡a EH$Vm Ho$ ~mao ‘| OmZH$mar àmá hmoJr& � am{îQ´>¶ àVrH$ H$m ‘hËd ‘mby‘ hmoJm& � ^ma{V¶ d¡{dÜ`‘¶ H$bm, g§ñH¥${V Am¡a gm{hË¶ Ho$ ~mao ‘| kmZ àmá hmoJm&

h‘mao Xoe Ho$ à{V h‘ IS>o hmoH$a BgVah à{Vkm H$aoJ|&

^maV ‘oar ‘mV¥^y‘r h¡& h‘ maVr¶ mB© ~hZ h¡& ‘¢ ‘oam Xoe H$m gÝ‘mZ Am¡a ß¶ma H$aVm hÿ±& ‘¢ AnZo Xoe Ho$ {d{dY g§gmYZ Am¡a Cƒ na§nam H$s ajm H$aoJ|& ^maV ‘oam Xoe hmoZo H$m Jd© h¡&

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^maV H$m ñWmZ-‘mZA~ h‘ {demb Am¡a ‘hmZ Xoe H$m m¡Jmo{bH$ ñWmZ Ho$ ~mao _| AÜ¶¶Z H$a|Jo&

¶{X Amn H$mo Amn H$m nVm nyN>Vo h¡ Vmo Amn AnZo Jm±d/eha/ZJa, CgH$m VmbwH$, {Oëbm, amÁ¶ Am¡a Xoe H$m Zm‘ XoVo h¡ Zm? BgHo$ Abmdm EH$ {d^mJ Ûmam {X¶m J¶m {nZ²H$moS> XoVo h¡& Bgr àH$ma Xþ{Z¶m Ho$ {H$g ^mJ ‘o§ ^maV pñWV h¡, nVm bJm gH$Vo hmo?

Am{H©${Q>H$ gmJa

{hÝX ‘hmgmJa

no{g{’$H$ gmJa^maV

aî¶m

H$Om{H$ñWmZ

{’${b’¡$Ýg

VwH$s©

BamH$ A.ñWmZ

Am{’«$H$mAaã~r g‘wÐ ~§Jmb H$s I{S>

å‘m‘ma

H$mo[a¶m

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lrb§H$m

B§S>moZo{e¶m

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‘§Jmo{b¶m

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nT>H$a OmZ br{OE :

y ^yJmob (Globe) na H$mën{ZH$ aoIm¶o npíM‘ go nyd© {Xem ‘o ItMr JB© h¡, {OÝho Ajm§e (Latitudes) H$hVo h¡& BÝho A§e (degree) ‘| ‘mnVo h¡& ^y‘Ü¶aoIm (Equator) go 90o CÎma Am¡a 90o X{jU Ajm§e h¡&

y n¥Ïdr (^y‘r) H$m Xmo g‘mZ^mJm| ‘| {d^m{OV H$aZodmbr {deof aoIm§e H$mo y‘Ü¶aoIm (0o) H$hVo h¡& BgHo$ CÎma^mJ ‘| ahZodmbo n¥Ïdr Ho$ AY© Jmobo H$mo CÎmaJmobmY© (Northern Hemisphere) Am¡a X{jU^mJ ‘| ahZodmbo H$mo X{jUJmobmY© (South Hemisphere) H$hVo h¡&

y y‘Ü¶aoIm (0o), H$H©$aoIm ( 1223o

N), ‘H$aaoIm ( 1223o

S), Am{H$Q>©H$ aoIm ( 1266

o N.) Am¡a A§Q>m{H$Q>©H$ aoIm ( 1

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y ^yJmob na H$mën{ZH$ aoIm¶o CÎmaYwd go X{jU Ywd H$mo ItMr JB© h¡& {OÝho aoIm§e H$hVo h¡& BÝho ‘Ü¶aoIm ^r H$hVo h¢&

y {~«Q>Z Ho$ J«rZ{dM² JwOaZodmbr aoIm§e H$mo àYmZ ‘Ü¶aoIm (0o) H$hVo h¡& àYmZ aoIm§e Ho$ (AWdm àYmZ aoIm§e) nyd© 180o aoIm§e Am¡a npíM‘ ‘| 180o aoIm§e h¡&

y n¥Ïdr H$m AmYm^mJ Omo àYmZ aoIm§e Ho$ nyd©^mJ ‘| Cgo nyd©JmobmY© Am¡a npíM‘ ^mJ ‘| {Ogo npíM‘ JmobmY© H$hVo h¡&

y aoIm§e Am¡a g‘¶ ‘| g§~§Y h¡&

y Ajm§e Am¡a aoIm§e aoIm¶| n¥Ïdr Ho$ n¥îR>^mJ na ñWmZ‘mZ, Xÿar Am¡a {Xem H$m nVm bJmZo ‘| ghm¶H$ ~ZVr h¡&

nT>H$a OmZ br{OE :

· ^maV H$m {dñVma - 32,87,263 km2

· ^maV H$s OZg§»¶m - 121 H$amoS> (2011 ‘|)· ^maV H$s X{jUV‘ {~ÝXþ - BÝX§am {~ÝXþ· ^maV H$m CÎmaV‘ {~ÝXþ - BÝX§am H$mob· ^maV H$m npíM_V_ {~ÝXþ - Jwnma‘moQ>· ^maV H$m nyd©V‘ {~ÝXþ - {H${~Vw

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{nN>br H$jmAm| ‘| AmnZo H$Zm©Q>H$ amÁ¶ Ho$ ~mao ‘| AÜ¶¶Z {H$¶m h¡& Cgo h‘ Xþ~mam ¶mX H$aoJ|&

y ^maV Xoe Ho$ {H$g ^mJ ‘| H$Zm©Q>H$ amÁ¶ h¡?

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y H$Zm©Q>H$ amÁ¶ ‘| {H$VZo {Oëbo h¡& CZHo$ Zm‘ br{I¶o&

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y H$Zm©Q>H$ Ho$ nS>mogr amÁ¶ H$m¡Z go h¢?

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h‘mao amÁ¶ Ho$ ~mao OmZH$mar àmá H$aZo Ho$ ~mX, maV Xoe Ho$ ~mao ‘| OmZH$mar àmá H$aoJ|&

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1) ^maV Am¡a nS>mogr Xoe :^maV Ho$ nS>mogr Xoe h¡: CÎma npíM‘ (dm¶ì¶) {Xem ‘| nm{H$ñVmZ Am¡a

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y n¶«m{Ûn ^maV VrZ Va’$ g‘wÐ-‘hmgmJam| go {Kam hþAm h¡& Hw$b 7,516.6 {H$.‘r b§~m g‘wÐ VQ>r¶ {H$Zmam h¡& Bggo {dXoe ì¶mnma, OhmO g§Mma, ‘N>br nH$S>Zm, OhmOm| H$m {Z‘m©U Am{X go àJ{V ({dH$mg) ‘o ghm¶Vm {‘bVr h¡& y ^maV H$mo KoaZodmbr (Amd¥V H$aZodmbr) Obam{e¶m± h¡: nyd© ‘| ~§Jmb H$s ImS>r, npí‘‘| Aapã~ (Aao{~¶Z²) g‘wÐ Am¡a X{jU ‘| {hÝXþ‘hmgmJa h¡& y A§S>‘mZ-{ZH$mo~ma Ûrn g‘yh ~§Jmb H$s ImS>r ‘| h¡ Am¡a bj{Ûn g‘yh Aao{~¶Z (Aaã~r) g‘wÐ ‘| h¡& y ^maV H$mo ‘mZ{MÌ ‘o VrZ Va’$ nmZr go âm hþAm XoI gH$Vo h¡& Bg àH$ma H$s ^y-aMZm H$mo n¶m©¶{Ûn H$hVo h¡& AV… X{jU ^maV EH$ àm¶m{Ûn h¡&

y Mmamo Va’$ nmZr go {Kam hþAm ^y-^mJ H$mo Ûrn H$hVo h¡& A§S>‘mZ-{ZH$mo~ma Am¡a bjÛrn ¶o ^maV Ho$ Ûrn g‘yh h¡&

H$m¶©H$bmn : E{e¶m I§S> H$m ‘mZ{MÌ AWdm AQ²>bmg boH$a, CgH$s ghm¶Vm go ^maV Ho$ nS>mogr Xoem| H$m nVm EH$ aoIm{MÌdmbo E{e¶m Ho$ ‘mZ{MÌ ‘o nhMm{ZE&

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2) ^maV H$m emgZ {d^mJ ^maV Ho$ ‘mZ{MÌ H$m Xþ~mam {ZarjU H$s{OE& ‘mZ{MÌ ‘| ^maV Ho$ amÁ¶m|

H$s gr‘mAm| H$mo XoI gH$Vo h¡& bo{H$Z nhbo Ho$ ‘mZ{MÌm| ‘| H$moB© gr‘maoIm¶o Zhr Wr, ³¶m|o{H$, nhbo ~Vm¶o AZwgma, ñdmV§Í` Ho$ nhbo, maV na AZoH$ Xoer amOmAm| Zo Am¡a {dXoer amOH$s¶ ~bmo Zo amO {H$¶m Wm& AZoH$ N>moQ>o-N>moQ>o gm‘«mÁ¶m| ‘| Xoe {d^m{OVm Wm, Omo gm¡ go A{YH$ g§»¶mAm| ‘| Wo&

ñdV§ÌVm Ho$ ~mX, ^maV EH$ ^m¡Jmo{bH$ g§K H$s ì¶dñWm H$mo AnZm¶m& gwJ‘ emgZ MbmZo Ho$ {b¶o amÁ¶m| H$s ^m¡Jmo{bH$ gr‘m¶| nyU… {ZYm©[aV H$s JB©&

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^mfmYm[aV amÁ¶ aMZm H$mZyZ 1956 Ho$ AZwgma joÌ ‘| A{YH$ bmoJm| go ~mobr OmZodmbr ^mfm Ho$ AmYma na amÁ¶ H$s ^m¡Jmo{bH$ gr‘m {ZYm©[aV H$s JB©&

^maV ‘| ~mobr OmZodmbr Ag§»¶ ^mfm¶| hmoZo Ho$ H$maU, ¶h ^mfm d¡{dÜ`Vm H$mo gy{MV H$aVm h¡& CZ‘| go 15H$mo A{YH¥$V ^mfmAm| Ho$ ê$n ‘| ‘mZm J¶m h¡& ¶| ^ma{V¶ [aOd© ~¢H$ H$r ‘wÐm (ZmoQ>m|) na ‘w{ÐV h¡&

H$m¶©H$bmn : AnZo Ka Ho$ {H$gr EH$ ~S>o ì¶{º$ go EH$ ZmoQ> boH$a {ZarjU H$s{OE Am¡a ‘w{ÐV ^mfmAm| Ho$ Zm‘ H$s gyMr ~ZmB©E&

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• Amn Ho$ amÁ¶ H$s A{YH¥$V amÁ¶ ^mfm H$m¡Zgr h¡?

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y Amn Ho$ nS>mogr amÁ¶mo H$s ^mfm¶| H$m¡Zgr h¡?

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y Amn AnZo Ka ‘| H$m¡Zgr ^mfm ~mobVo h¡?

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y ^maV Xoe H$s amîQ´>^mfm H$m¡Zgr h¡?

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nT>H$a-gr{IE : h‘ AnZo X¡Z§{XZ H$m¶m] ‘o ^mfm H$m Cn¶moJ H$aVo h¡& AÝ¶m| H$s ^mfZmAmo| H$m gå‘mZ H$aVo h¡& ghOrdZ ~Zm¶o aIVo h¡&

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ß¶mao ~ƒm|, ^maVXoe ¶h àOmV§Ì Xoe h¡ Omo {díd H$m 7 dm± g~go ~S>m amîQ´> h¡& Bg 29 amÁ¶ Am¡a 6 Ho$ÝÐ e{gV àXoe Am¡a EH$ am{îQ´>¶ amOYmZr (Xohbr) ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& ^mfmAm| Ho$ AmYma na amÁ¶m| H$m nyU©KQ>Z {H$¶m J¶m h¡& Bggo Cg àXoe n¶m©daU (n[aga), Am{W©H$ pñW{V, gm§ñH¥${VH$ Am¡a j¡{Ì¶ na§namAm| H$m AmgmZr go OmZ gH$Vo h¡& ha EH$ amÁ¶ {demb ^maVXoe Ho$ {Z‘m©U ‘| AnZr {deofVm àXmZ H$s J`r h¡& maV Xoe Ho$ ‘mZ{MÌ H$s ghm¶Vm go {d{^Þ amÁ¶m| Ho$ ~mao ‘| AÜ¶¶Z H$a|J|&

H$m¶©H$bmn : ^maV Ho$ ‘mZ{MÌ H$s ghm¶Vm go ^maV Ho$ {d{^Þ amÁ¶ Am¡a Ho$ÝÐ em{eV àXoe CZH$s amOYmZr Am¡a ‘mV¥^mfm H$m EH$ MmQ>© V¡¶ma H$s{OE& H$jm ‘| CgH$m àXe©Z H$s{OE&

h‘mao ^maV gaH$ma H$mo A{YH¥$V ê$n go Ho$ÝÐ gaH$ma Ho$ Zm‘ go OmZm OmVm h¡& ¶h XoeHo$ amÁ¶ Am¡a Ho$ÝÐem{gV àXoem| H$s emgZ g§ñWm h¡& Ho$ÝÐ gaH$ma Ho$ g^r à‘wI H$m¶m©b¶ ZB© Xohbr ‘o pñWV h¡& Omo ^maV Xoe H$s amOYmZr h¢& Cgr Vah amÁ¶m| H$m emgZ, g§~§{Y amÁ¶ hr XoIVm h¡& ha EH$ amÁ¶ H$s AnZr amOYmZr hmoVr h¡, Ohm± go emgZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& V~,

• H$Zm©Q>H$ amÁ¶ H$s amOYmZr H$m¡Zgr h¡?

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y {ejH$/A{^^mdH$ Ho$ gh¶moJ go ¶mo½¶ OmZH$mar àmá H$aHo$, {ZåZ dm³¶m|

H$mo ¶mo½¶ CÎma go nyU© H$s{OE&

1) JmoAm amÁ¶ H$s A{YH¥$V amO^mfm h¡&

2) ZmJmb¢S> amÁ¶ H$s amOYmZr h¡&

3) Oå‘w Am¡a H$mí‘ra amÁ¶ Ho$ dV©‘mZ ‘w»¶‘§Ìr H$m Zm‘ h¡&

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4) ^maV Xoe Ho$ dV©‘mZ amîQ´>n{V h¡&

5) H$Zm©Q>H$ amÁ¶ Ho$ dV©‘mZ amÁ¶nmb h¡&

6) AmÝY«àXoe H$mo A^r Am¡a amÁ¶m| ‘o {d^m{OV {H$¶o h¡&

7) ^maV Xoe Ho$ dV©‘mZ àYmZ ‘§Ìr h¡

8) H$Zm©Q>H$ amÁ¶ Ho$ dV©‘mZ ‘w»¶‘§Ìr h¡

Ho$ÝÐ em{gV àXoem| H$m emgZ Ho$ÝÐ gaH$ma ñd§¶ XoIVr h¡& do {H$gr ^r amÁ¶

Ho$ A{YH$ma ‘| Zhr AmVo h¡& ‘mhm‘hr‘ amîQ´>n{V Ûmam {Z¶w³V amÁ¶nmb g§~§{YV

Ho$ÝÐ em{gV àXoem| H$m emgZ MbmVo h¡& Ho$ÝÐ em{gV àXoe h¡ - {X¶w-X‘Z, XmÐm

ZJa hdobr, M§S>rJS>, nmÊS>rMoar, bjÛrn, A§X‘mZ-{ZH$mo~ma {Ûn g‘yh&

Hw$N> 6 (N>±) Ho$ÝÐemg§V àXoe h¡& maV Ho$ ‘mZ{MÌ ‘| CZHo$ ñWmZ H$mo nhMm{ZE&

nT>H$a gr{IE :

y nmÊS>rMoar _| 4 emgZ {d^mJ h¡& do h¡ : nmÊS>rMoar, ‘mho, ¶mZ‘² Am¡a H$ma¡H$b² {Oëhm&

y ZB© {X„r ^maV Xoe H$s am{îQ´>¶ amOYmZr h¡&

y M§S>rJS> ¶h n§Om~ Am¡a h[a¶mUm XmoZm| amÁ¶m| H$s amOYmZr h¡&

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H$m¶©H$bmn : àW‘ Xmo eãXm| Ho$ ~rM Ho$ g§~§Y H$m nVm bJmH$a {Vgao nX Ho$ {b¶o gw³V Mm¡Wm nX br{I¶o:-

CXmhaU:

^maV : ZB Xohbr :: H$Zm©Q>H$ : ~|Jbyê$

1) Ho$ab : X{jU :: H$í‘ra : ___________

2) ^maV : àm¶{Ûn :: A§S>‘mZ : ___________

3) Ho$ÝÐ em{gV àXoe : 6 :: amÁ¶ : ___________

4) ~§Jmb H$mo ImS>r : nyd© :: Aao{~¶Z²g‘wÐ : ___________

y AQ²>bmg H$s ghm¶Vm go {ZåZ Aä¶mg nyU© H$s{OE :

1)^maV Ho$ nS>mogr Xoe

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2) ^maV Ho$ Ûrn________________________________

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3)^maV Ho$ Ho$ÝÐ em{gV àXoe

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4)CÎma ^maV Ho$

amÁ¶

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5)X{jU ^maV Ho$ amÁ¶

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6)

^maV Ho$ BemÝ¶

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3) {d{d{YVm ‘| EH$Vm{ZåZ {MÌm| H$m {ZarjU H$aHo$ AnZo ghnm{R>¶m| Ho$ gmW CZH$s {d{dYVm Ho$ ~mao ‘o MMm© H$s{OE&

{MÌm| _| {XImB© XoZodmbo bmoJm| Ho$ nhZmd (H$nS>m| H$m {dÝ¶mg) {^Þ {^Þ h¡&

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ß¶mao ~ƒm|, ^maV Xoe ‘o {d{^Þ Y‘m] Ho$ bmoJ Amng ‘o {‘bOwbH$a ahVo h¡& Bg{b¶o {d{^Þ àH$ma Ho$ AmMmaU (añ_|) H$mo ‘ZmZo dmbo bmoJ h¡& {hÝXÿ, Bñbm_, {H«$píM¶Z², {gI, O¡Z, ~wÜX Am¡a AÝ¶ Y‘m] H$mo nmbZ H$aZodmbo bmoJ ahVo h¡& AV… ^maV {d{^Þ Y‘m] H$m g§J‘ h¡&

¶moOZm H$m¶©h‘mao Xoe H$s g§ñH¥${V ‘| {d{dYVm h¡& CÎma H$Zm©Q>H$, X{jU H$Zm©Q>H$, V{Q>¶

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B©‘mZXma Am¡a Cƒ Z¡{VH$ {gÕ§V Am¡a g‘mZ A{YH$ma H$m JwU hr EH$Vm h¡

nT>H$a OmZ br{OE

y {d{^Þ Y‘© Ho$ bmoJ EH$ hr gS>H$ na nañna ào‘ Am¡a {dídmg go {Zdmg H$aVo h¡&

y ~g, a¡bJmS>r, {d‘mZ Am{X ‘| g^r Y‘m] Ho$ bmoJ EH$ gmW àdmg H$aVo h¡& y {d{^Þ Y‘m] Ho$ bmoJ, {^Þ-{^Þ Ym{‘©H$ Ë¶mohma Am¡a ew^ g‘mamohm| ‘o nañna hm{X©H$ ~YmB© XoVo h¡&

y Ym{‘©H$ ‘obo, `mÌm, CËgd Am¡a Owbygm| ‘| {d{^Þ Y‘m] Ho$ bmoJ ^{º$ Am¡a CËgmh go ^mJ boVo h¡&

nT>H$a - Om{ZE

h‘mao Xoe ‘| {d{dY y-ñdê$n, Z{X¶mo H$s ì¶dñWm, F$Vw Ho$ AZwgma hdm‘mZ, ‘rÅ>r H$s {d{dYVm, O¡{dH$ {d{dYVm noS>-nm¡Yo Am¡a àmUr dJ©, {d{dY Z¡g{J©H$ g§gmYZ Am¡a H¥${f {dYmZm| ‘| r {d{dYVm h¡& h‘mam ahZ-ghZ, Amdmg, CÚmoJ, Y‘©, Om{V, ^mfm, ImZ-nmZ, nhZmd, AmMma-{dMma Am¡a ñWm{Z¶ g§ñH¥${V ‘| ^r {d{dYVm h¡& BgHo$ Cnam§V h‘ g~ EH$ ^maVdmgr Ho$ ê$n ‘| ghOrdZ OrVoo h¡& Bgr H$moo {d{dYVm ‘o EH$Vm H$hVo h¡&

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{MÌm| H$mo XoIH$a, ¶mo½¶ eãX go$ aoIm ItMH$a Mmo{S>E :

B©gmB© Y‘©

{gI Y‘©

~m¡ÜX Y‘©

{hÝXÿ Y‘©

Bñbm‘ Y‘©

O¡Z Y‘©

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H$m¶©H$bmn : AnZo ghnmR>r¶m| Ho$ gmW MMm© H$aHo$ {ZåZm| H$m hb ‘mby‘ H$s{OE&• O‘rZ, nmZr, Y‘©, gr‘m {ddmX Am{X Ho$ ~mao ‘| Xmo amÁ¶m| Ho$ ~rM ‘| {ddmX&• Xmo amÁ¶m| ‘o ~hH$a OmZodmbr ZXr¶mo Ho$ nmZr Ho$ ~§Q>dmao Ho$ ~mao ‘| {ddmX&

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Eogo H$s{OE :

y ñHy$b Ho$ g‘moamohmo ‘o§ {^Þ-{^Þ amÁ¶m| Ho$ bmoJm| Ho$ doe-nmofH$ nhZH$a am{îQ´>¶ EH$Vm H$m àXe©Z H$aZm&

4) am{ï´>¶ àVrH$

y ^maV Xoe Ho$ am{ï´>¶ Ë¶mohmam| Ho$ Zm‘ ~VmB©E&

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y am{ï´>¶ Ë¶mohmam| Ho$ {XZ ñHy$bm| ‘| ÜdOmamohU H$aVo h¡, ³¶m|? h‘mao am{ï´>¶ ÜdO Ho$ a§J H$m¡Z H$m¡Z go h¡?

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H$Zm©Q>H$ gaH$ma n[aga AÜ``Z textbooks/class5/5th-hindi-evs.pdf · The protection of our environment is our topmost priority now. The environment that we are discussing here is