Hydrogen in the future energy system · -Cars, trucks, ships etc +gas turbine or CCGT H2 in new grids H2 to e.g. micro CHP (fuel cell) micro CHP (fuel cell) +Gas to transport Hydrogen

Hydrogen in the future energy system

Future Gas workshop - 11th september 2018

Agenda

▪ Hydrogen demand in the future energy system

▪ 2050 Socioeconomic energy system analysis

▪ RE-fuel and RE-gas costs

▪ Hydrogen demand in Base and High Gas price scenarios

▪ Price-flexible hydrogen demand analysis

▪ Operation of electrolyser and hydrogen storage

▪ Supply and demand price of hydrogen

▪ Discussion2

Hydrogen demand in the future energy system

3

Biogas-methanisation

CO2-Methanisation (BiogasCO2, industryCO2)

H2-injection

Reversible

electrolyser

(with storage)

Decarbonize existing

H2-use

H2 in existing

gas system

H2 direct use

(outside gas

grid)

Decarbonize steel or

iron production

H2 export/import to other regions

Decarbonize

ammonia (NH3)

H2 to Liquid fuel

production

(Biorefineries)

- biomethanol, biodiesel,

biogasoline, biokerosene

Transport(direct or indirect)

Heat (D.H., space, industry)

Industry (feedstock, non-heat)

Gas-to-power

D.H.: Waste heat from

electrolysis and

refineries

New ammonia (NH3)

in transport (ships etc)

H2 in transport-Cars, trucks, ships etc

+gas turbine or

CCGT

H2 in new

grids

H2 to e.g. micro CHP (fuel cell)

micro CHP (fuel cell)

+Gas to transport

Hydrogen production

cost depends on:

• Total power

demand (including

H2 demand)

• FLH of the demand

+storage options

• Transport cost of

hydrogen or powerH2 in oil refineries

H2-production from green power

Fu

ture

Da

nis

h p

ote

nti

al?

H2 to high temperature

processes

H2 transport (onshore/offshore) to

industry or refineries

NG

ab

ate

me

nt


4



H2-injection

Reversible

electrolyser

(with storage)

H2 in existing

gas system

H2 direct use

(outside gas

grid)


H2 to Liquid fuel

production

(Biorefineries)






Gas-to-power


electrolysis and

refineries

New ammonia (NH3)



+gas turbine or

CCGT

H2 in new

grids



+Gas to transport

Fu

ture

Da

nis

h p

ote

nti

al?


processes

2050 Socioeconomic

energy system analysis



NG

ab

ate

me

nt


H2-use


iron production

Decarbonize

ammonia (NH3)

H2 in oil refineries

Agenda








▪ Discussion5

15 May 2018DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

Energy flows distric heating, power and transport (DK 2050) Base scenario

6

Unit: PJ (except manure (in mio. tons))

H2

Heat pumps

Gas-to-power

+Residential heating

+Gas-to-transport

+Industry heat

RE-gas vs RE-fuel

Not in analysis yet


Socioeconomic costs of RE-gas (DK 2050) – Base scenario

7

Today


Socioeconomic costs of RE-fuels (DK 2050) – Base scenario

8


Renewable gas and fuel production (Denmark 2050)

9

Total: ~80 PJ(~25% H2)

Total: ~160 PJ(~45% H2)

20 PJ 20 PJ

50 PJ

Gas today


+Gas-to-transport

+Industry heat


+Gas-to-transport

+Industry heat

Danish hydrogen demand: 20-70 PJ in 2050?

10

2020 2035 2050

20

70

PJ H2

Large uncertancy

regarding final

demand

Biomass restriction

and CO2+fuel prices

have significant

influence

”Base”

scenario

”High gas

price”

scenario

10

GCA

DG

40

Kilde: Energinet (2018), ”Systemperspektiv 2035” (dark blue) – Future Gas preliminary calculations (light blue)

?

EU hydrogen demand: 2000-3000 PJ in 2050?

11

Kilde: Eurelectric 2018, ”Decarbonization pathways European economy”

Up to 3100 TWh

electrification towards

2050 in Europe

Indirect electrification

including H2 could

make up to 1200

TWh power = ~4300

PJ power = 2000-

3000 PJ hydrogen?

https://cdn.eurelectric.org/media/3172/decarbonisation-pathways-electrificatino-part-study-results-h-AD171CCC.pdf

Agenda








▪ Discussion12


13



H2-injection

Reversible

electrolyser

(with storage)

H2 in existing

gas system

H2 direct use

(outside gas

grid)


H2 to Liquid fuel

production

(Biorefineries)






Gas-to-power


electrolysis and

refineries

New ammonia (NH3)



+gas turbine or

CCGT

H2 in new

grids



+Gas to transport

Fu

ture

Da

nis

h p

ote

nti

al?


processes



NG

ab

ate

me

nt


H2-use


iron production

Decarbonize

ammonia (NH3)

H2 in oil refineries

Key focus in price-

flexible hydrogen

demand analysis

Cheap natural gas

abetement?

”Flexibility value”?

Modeling of hydrogen demand and supply

14

CO2/Biogas

Methanisering

CO2/ raw biogas

Electrolysis

Hydrogen

storage

Investment

Flexible power demand

Power production

(reversible electrolyser)

Investment

District heating

Gas grid

Investment H2 to transport

Methane+CO2-price

H2 demand profile

H2 price <

Methane+CO2-price

H2

Price flexible

hydrogen demand

Hydrogen demand

according to demand

profile (with storage)

H2 price + methanisation <

Methane+CO2-price

Electrolysis

Hydrogen

storage

Investment

Investment

H2

Power production

(reversible electrolyser)

Power-to-gas (and gas-to-power) H2 to transport

Minimization of the total investment

and operation costs in the Balmorel

model area (North west Europe)

Operation of hydrogen storage

15

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

1

13

25

37

49

61

73

85

97

109

121

133

145

157

169

181

193

205

217

229

241

253

265

277

289

301

313

325

337

349

361

373

385

397

409

421

433

445

457

469

481

493

505

517

529

541

553

565

577

589

601

613

625

637

649

661

Po

we

r p

ric

e

H2

-sto

rag

e le

ve

l

Storage level Power price

H2 production at low

power prices

Storage optimized

with yearly forecast

horizon

Operation of electrolyser

16

Reversible

electrolyser oprates

only at high power

prices

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1 7

13

19

25

31

37

43

49

55

61

67

73

79

85

91

97

103

109

115

121

127

133

139

145

151

157

163

169

175

181

187

193

199

205

211

217

223

229

235

241

247

253

259

265

271

277

283

289

295

301

Pri

ce

Po

we

r p

rod

uc

tio

n /

co

nsu

mp

tio

n M

W

Rev.Electrolyzer Electrolyzer

Power price (øre/kWh) Natural gas+CO2-price

Minimum bid price Rev.Electrolysis

Hydrogen with fixed

demand profileHydrogen with fixed

demand profile

+ power-to-gas

Hydrogen with fixed

demand profile

+ power-to-gas

Value of power-to-gas

New hydrogen demand produced by new green power

17

-0,1

-

0,1

0,1

0,2

0,2

0,3

0,3

0,4

0,4

New production New consumption

TW

h

Solar - wind - hydro Bio and waste Fossil Uran H2 Power consumption Netto

100% RE in

hydrogen production

However, new power

production will

depend on power

market development

Supply price of hydrogen

18

Revenue

reversible

electrolyser

H2 production

(PJ)

Electrolyser and

storage costs

Hydrogen price

increases with higher

demand

Power-to-gas with

low Full load hours

(2000-3000 h/year)

=> electrolyser costs

has significant

influence

Power costH2 supply price

(Only H2 as

power balance)

H2 price

(EUR/GJ)

Demand price of hydrogen

19

H2 production

(PJ)

H2 injection option

could have high

influence – especially

with high natural

gas+CO2-prices2%

H2-injection

H2 to transport

Natural

gas+CO210%

H2-injection

Baltic Pipe

H2-injection?

Reversible electrolyserH2 price

(EUR/GJ)

?

Payment willingness of hydrogen

H2 supply price

(Only H2 as

power balance)

Demand price of hydrogen

20

H2 production

(PJ)

Power to gas with

low Full load hours

=> electrolyser costs

has high influence

H2 to transport

Natural

gas+CO210%

H2-injection

CO2 or biogas

methanisation

Reversible electrolyser

H2 to industry?

H2 price

(EUR/GJ)

?

?

H2 supply price

(Only H2 as

power balance)

Supply price of hydrogen – with other flex

21

H2 production

(PJ)

H2 price

(EUR/GJ)

Other power flexibility

(batteries and

thermal storages)

increases the H2

production price

H2 supply price

(+batteries and

thermal storage)

H2 supply price

(Only H2 as

power balance)

Supply and demand of hydrogen

22

H2 production

(PJ)

H2 price

(EUR/GJ)

Green gas subsidy

could be influenced

by H2-production

costs

Natural

gas+CO2

H2-injectionCO2 or biogas

methanisation

+Green gas

energy

subsidy*

Only H2 as

power balance?

*) Green gas energy subsidy = Biogas subsidy – environmental benifits

Cheaper

natural gas

abatement?

H2 supply price

(+batteries and

thermal storage)

Discussion

▪ Some questions:

▪ Key hydrogen demand to include in analysis (Future Gas)?

▪ H2 demand prices?

▪ Key technology costs? (electrolyser, wind/PV production, hydrogen storages…)

▪ H2 supply prices?

▪ Economic framework to support flexible hydrogen demand (and storage)

▪ Support schemes? RE-gas and RE-fuel?

▪ tarif and taxes?

23

Tak for opmærksomheden

22-06-201724Kontakt:Morten Stryg, [email protected] +4535300489

mailto:[email protected]

Documents

Hydrogen in the future energy system · -Cars, trucks, ships etc +gas turbine or CCGT H2 in new grids H2 to e.g. micro CHP (fuel cell) micro CHP (fuel cell) +Gas to transport Hydrogen