HYDRO Power Plant Presentation

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WELCOME TO PRINCIPAL ALL TEACHERS &

STUDENTS


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HYDRO POWER PLANT

PRESENTATIONUNDER THE SUPERVISION OF

Mr. Asim RazaMr. Syed Salim Ahmad

GOVT. COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGYSITE KARACHI

AFFILIATED WITH NED UNIVERSITY OF

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLGY


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2. FARHANA TAJAMMUL 08/EP-211

1. ASIF MEHDI 08/EP-206

5. KHALID IQBAL MALIK 08/EP-219

6. MUHAMMAD ASAD 08/EP-226

4. KAMRAN AHMAD 08/EP-218

3. KAMRAN 08/EP-217

7. WAQAR HASSAN 08/EP-235

GROUP NO.1

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLGY

(ELECTRICAL PASS) Batch-2007-08


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HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

PLANT


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WHAT IS HYDRO POWER?

The objective of a hydropower scheme is to convert the

potential energy of a mass of water, flowing in a stream with a

certain fall to the turbine (termed the "head"), into electric

energy at the lower end of the scheme, where the powerhouse

is located. The power output from the scheme is proportional

to the flow and to the head.


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DAM TURBINE

POWER HOUSE

INTAKE

GENERATOR

PENSTOCKRESEVOIR

POWER LINE

TRANSFORMER


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ELEMENTS OF HYDRO

POWER


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FIRST ELEMENT :-

DAMS


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The movement of water can be used to make electricity. Energy from

water is created by the force of water moving from a higher elevation

to a lower elevation through a large pipe (penstock). When the water

reaches the end of the pipe, it hits and spins a water wheel or turbine.

The turbine rotates the connected shaft, which then turns the

generator, making electricity.


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A dam failure can have sever effects downstream of the dam.

During the lifetime of a dam different flow conditions will be experienced

and a dam must be able to safely accommodate high floods that

can exceed normal flow conditions in the river. For this reason,

carefully passages are corporated in the dams as part of structure.

These passages are known as spillways.

What are Spill ways?


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2nd ELEMENT:-

INTAKE


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A water intake must be able to divert the required amount of

water in to a power canal or into a penstock without producing

a negative impact on the local environment.

INTAKE:-


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3rd ELEMENT:-PENSTOCK


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4th ELEMENT

TURBINES


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The water strikes andturns the large bladesof a turbine, which isattached to agenerator above it byway of a shaft. The

most common type ofturbine forhydropower plants isthe Francis Turbine,

which looks like a bigdisc with curvedblades.


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After passing through the turbine the water returns to the

river trough a short canal called a tailrace.

Tailraces:-


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5TH ELEMENTGENERATOR


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As the turbine blades turn, so do a series of magnets inside

the generator. Giant magnets rotate past copper coils,

producing alternating current (AC) by moving electrons.


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Inside theGenerator:-

The heart of the hydroelectricpower plant is the generator.The basic process of generatingelectricity in this manner is torotate a series of magnets insidecoils of wire. This process moveselectrons, which produceselectrical current.


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Each generator is made of certain basic parts:

1. Shaft

2. Excitor

3. Rotor

4. Stator


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As the turbine turns, the excitor sends an electrical current

to the rotor. The rotor is a series of large electromagnets

that spins inside a tightly-wound coil of copper wire, called

the stator. The magnetic field between the coil and the

magnets creates an electric current.


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6TH ELEMENT:-

TRANSFORMERS


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A transformer is a device that transfers electricalenergy from one circuit to another through a sharedmagnetic field. A changing current IP in the firstcircuit (the primary) creates a changing magnetic

field; in turn, this magnetic field induces a voltage VSin the second circuit (the secondary). The secondarycircuit mimics the primary circuit, but it need notcarry the same current and voltage as the primarycircuit. Instead, an ideal transformer keeps the

product of the current and the voltage the same inthe primary and secondary circuits.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_inductionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_inductionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_energy


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7TH ELEMENTOUTFLOW:-

Used water is carried through pipelines, called tailraces,

and re-enters the river downstream.

8TH ELEMENT


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8TH ELEMENTPOWER HOUSE:-


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POWER HOUSE AND EQUIPMENTS:-

In the scheme of hydropower the role of power house is toprotect the electromechanical equipment that convert thepotential energy of water into electricity.

Following are the equipments of power plant:

1.Valve 5.Condensor2.Turbine 6.Protection System

3.Generator 7.DC emergency Supply4.Control System 8.Power and current transformer


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TRASH RACK

Almost all small hydroelectric plants have a trash rack

cleaning machine, which removes material from water in

order to avoid entering plant water ways and damaging

electromechanical equipment.

A SIMPLE OVER VIEW


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A SIMPLE OVER VIEW:-


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Flowing water creates energy that can be capturedand turned into electricity. This is called hydropower.

Hydropower is currently the largest source ofrenewable power, generating nearly 10% of theelectricity used in the United States.

The most common type of hydropower plant uses adam on a river to store water in a reservoir. Waterreleased from the reservoir flows through a turbine,spinning it, which, in turn, activates a generator toproduce electricity.

But hydropower doesn't necessarily require a largedam. Some hydropower plants just use a small canalto channel the river water through a turbine.


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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

AND

ITS MITIGATION


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FINAL WORDS:-

We would like to pay our thanks to

Mr. ASIM RAZA & Mr. SYED SALEEM AHMED

who enabled us to present this documentation

and very thanks to all fellows for listening,

for any contactfrom group, you may contact,

[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

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HYDRO Power Plant Presentation