Hydro Power Plant

Hydro Power PlantDr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

Contents

Introduction

Types of hydro plants

Major components

Performance

Summary

Introduction (1)Dr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

1. Hydro power plant => electricity from water power

2. Constitutes 15% of power generation in Malaysia Hydro plants in

Peninsular Malaysia

3. Other functions of hydro plants:

Irrigation Flood mitigation Clean water supply

Reservoir

Penstock

Introduction (2)Dr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

Advantages:

Water => cheapest source of energy Low operation & maintenance cost Quick in starting up Quick respond to load variation Plant has longer life Less labour requirement No emission Has other useful functions Reliable=> less trippings

Disadvantages:

High initial construction cost Located far from load centres Dependent on water availability Long construction time Environmental issue e.g. deforestration

Types of hydro plants (1)Dr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

1. Hydro plants can be classified according to water flow/storage

characteristics

2. Types:Run of river plants (mini hydro)

Storage/reservoir plants

Pump storage plants

3. Type 1: Run of river plants:

a. Utilize the water flow as it runs through the year

b. No significant storage/dam for power generation

c. Typical for mini-hydro scheme => suitable for low

consumption at remote areas

d. Typical size : 10 - 1600 kW


Hydro Power Plant

3. Type 2: Storage/reservoir plants:

a. Large size reservoirs (dams) => large generation capacity

b. Most common type for commercial power generation


Hydro Power Plant

4. Pump storage plants:

b. Water storage obtained by pumping back from tail race

=> utilize low value, off-peak power (usually surplus)

a. Used only for short duration=> to meet peak load

c. Improves overall efficiency & reliablity of system grid

Major components (1)Dr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

Reservoir Dam Inlet water ways Power house Tailrace


Hydro Power Plant

1. Reservoir:

a. Includes catchment area and water reservoir

c. Head race => water surface level of the reservoir

d. Reservoir can be natural or artificial (i.e. with dam)

b. Purpose: to store water

2. Dam:

a. A structure of masonry and/or rock fill built across a river

b. Purpose: i) to provide head of water

ii) to create storage or pondage

Hydro plant: Reservoir

Hydro plant: Dam


Hydro Power Plant

3. Inlet water ways:

a. Passages through which is conveyed from dam to power house

c. Penstock => closed pressure pipes made

of reinforced concrete or steel

b. Includes: Penstock/tunnel, spillways

Hydro plant: Tunnel

d. Tunnel => made by cutting mountains

e. Spillways => provide discharge of surplus water from

storage reservoir into river

Hydro plant: Spillways


Hydro Power Plant

4. Power House:

a. Building that houses turbines, generators and other auxiliaries

b. Typical hydro plant turbines:

* Pelton turbine => Impulse

* Francis turbine => Mainly reaction

* Kaplan turbine => Reaction

Hydro plant: Pelton turbine

Hydro plant: Francis turbine

Hydro plant: Kaplan turbine

5. Tail race:

a. Passage for discharging

water leaving the turbine

Bersia

Hydro plant: Turbine-generator

Performance (1)Dr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

1. Important hydro turbine parameters:

2. Power generated from hydro plant is given by:

HQP P = Power

Q = Rate of water flow

H = head

= efficiency

3. Specific speed:

a. Speed of turbine when delivers 1

horsepower under 1 metre head

Power Head Efficiency Specific speed Discharge

b. Independent of shape and size of turbine

c. Helps in selecting suitable type of turbine

4/5H

PNN s N = Turbine speed

Performance (2)Dr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

4. Typical problems:

a. Sedimentation:

* Deposition of silt in the reservoir

* Cause reduction of water storage capacity

* Minimised by reclaimation/dredging

b. Cavitation:

* Formation of water vapour & air bubbles

due to reduction of pressure

* Occurs mainly at discharge end of blades

* Causes erosion of blade

* Prevention: material selection, selection of specific speed,

polishing surfaces, optimum dimension of runner

SummaryDr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

1. Types of hydro plants: run of river, reservoir, & pump storage

2. Main components: reservoir, dam, inlet water ways, power

house, tail race

3. Types of hydro turbine : Pelton, Francis, and Kaplan

4. Major hydro plant parameters: power, head, discharge,

effciency and specific speed

5. Typical problems: sedimentation and cavitation

Thank You

Dr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant


Hydro Power Plant

Hydro plant: reservoirDr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

BersiaKenyir

Hydro plant: DamsDr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

Kenyir

Bersia

Hydro plant: TunnelDr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

Pergau

Hydro plant: SpillwaysDr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

Pergau

Kenyir

Temengor

Hydro plant: Turbine-generator


Hydro Power Plant

Pergau : turbine pit

Woh :

Generator

Hydro plant: Pelton turbineDr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

Sg. Piah

Hydro plant: Francis turbineDr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

Hydro plant: Kaplan turbineDr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

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Hydro Power Plant