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7/29/2019 Hydraulics III Pumps Ppt
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Hydraulics Section III:Hydraulics Section III:
PumpsPumps
Paul Trotta, P.E., Ph.D.Paul Trotta, P.E., Ph.D.
Justin Ramsey, P.E.Justin Ramsey, P.E.
Chad CooperChad Cooper
University Curriculum DevelopmentUniversity Curriculum Development
for Decentralized Wastewaterfor Decentralized WastewaterManagementManagement
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NDWRCDP DisclaimerNDWRCDP DisclaimerThis work was supported by the National Decentralized WaterThis work was supported by the National Decentralized Water
Resources Capacity Development Project (NDWRCDP) withResources Capacity Development Project (NDWRCDP) withfunding provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencyfunding provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
through a Cooperative Agreement (EPA No. CR827881through a Cooperative Agreement (EPA No. CR827881--0101--0)0)
with Washington University in St. Louis. These materials havewith Washington University in St. Louis. These materials havenot been reviewed by the U.S. Environmental Protectionnot been reviewed by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. These materials have been reviewed byAgency. These materials have been reviewed by
representatives of the NDWRCDP. The contentsrepresentatives of the NDWRCDP. The contentsof these materials do not necessarily reflect the views andof these materials do not necessarily reflect the views and
policies of the NDWRCDP, Washington University, or the U.S.policies of the NDWRCDP, Washington University, or the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, nor does the mention of tradeEnvironmental Protection Agency, nor does the mention of trade
names or commercial products constitute their endorsement ornames or commercial products constitute their endorsement orrecommendation for use.recommendation for use.
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CIDWT/University DisclaimerCIDWT/University Disclaimer
These materials are the collective effort of individuals fromThese materials are the collective effort of individuals fromacademic, regulatory, and private sectors of theacademic, regulatory, and private sectors of the
onsite/decentralized wastewater industry. These materials haveonsite/decentralized wastewater industry. These materials havebeen peerbeen peer--reviewed and represent the current state ofreviewed and represent the current state of
knowledge/science in this field. They were developed through aknowledge/science in this field. They were developed through aseries of writing and review meetings with the goal of formulatiseries of writing and review meetings with the goal of formulatingnga consensus on the materials presented. These materials do nota consensus on the materials presented. These materials do not
necessarily reflect the views and policies of University ofnecessarily reflect the views and policies of University ofArkansas, and/or the Consortium of Institutes for DecentralizedArkansas, and/or the Consortium of Institutes for Decentralized
Wastewater Treatment (CIDWT). The mention of trade names orWastewater Treatment (CIDWT). The mention of trade names orcommercial products does not constitute an endorsement orcommercial products does not constitute an endorsement or
recommendation for use from these individuals or entities, norrecommendation for use from these individuals or entities, nordoes it constitute criticism for similar ones not mentioned.does it constitute criticism for similar ones not mentioned.
7/29/2019 Hydraulics III Pumps Ppt
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CitationCitation
Trotta, P.D., and J.O. Ramsey. 2005. HydraulicsTrotta, P.D., and J.O. Ramsey. 2005. Hydraulics
III: PumpsIII: Pumps -- PowerPoint Presentation.PowerPoint Presentation. inin (M.A.(M.A.Gross and N.E. Deal, eds.) UniversityGross and N.E. Deal, eds.) University
Curriculum Development for DecentralizedCurriculum Development for Decentralized
Wastewater Management. NationalWastewater Management. NationalDecentralized Water Resources CapacityDecentralized Water Resources Capacity
Development Project. University of Arkansas,Development Project. University of Arkansas,
Fayetteville, AR.Fayetteville, AR.
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Section Objectives:Section Objectives:
Know the different types and classes ofKnow the different types and classes ofPumps and the best applications of eachPumps and the best applications of each
Understand how to optimize the PumpUnderstand how to optimize the PumpDesign Issues to maximize pumpDesign Issues to maximize pump
effectivenesseffectiveness
Use Affinity Law calculationsUse Affinity Law calculations
Understand main characteristics of pumpsUnderstand main characteristics of pumps
used in onsiteused in onsite
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Classification of PumpsClassification of Pumps
Among the many types of pumps available are:Among the many types of pumps available are:
SpecialSpecial--Effect PumpsEffect Pumps Jet (Jet (EductorEductor))Gas LiftGas Lift RotaryRotary
ElectromagneticElectromagnetic Hydraulic RamHydraulic RamGearGear ForceForce GrinderGrinder
Positive Displacement PumpsPositive Displacement Pumps
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Centrifugal PumpsCentrifugal PumpsCentrifugal pumps are the most widely used pump
Centrifugal pumps depend on centrifugal forces
The advantages of the centrifugal pump are its simple
construction and operation, space requirements and rotary action.
Impeller Designs
Centrifugal Pump
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Rotary PumpsRotary PumpsThe rotary pump continuously scoops water from the pump
chamber. There are three classifications of a rotary pump, gear-
type, vane-type and screw-type.
Rotary Pump Section
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Rotary Vane Type PumpRotary Vane Type Pump
Operation is basedon increasing the
size of the cavity to
form a vacuum andthen forcing the fluid
out under pressure
by reducing the sizeof the cavity.
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ScrewScrew--Type PumpType PumpLiquid is carried between screw threads on rotors and is
displaced as the screws rotate and mesh.
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Reciprocating PumpReciprocating Pump
A piston or plunger
differentiates the
reciprocating pump froma centrifugal pump.
Two types: the liftpump and the force
pump.
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Lift PumpLift Pump
The force pump
actually lifts and
forces the water
against an
external pressure.
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Pump Design IssuesPump Design Issues
Efficiency:Efficiency:The difference between the brake and hydraulic power is theThe difference between the brake and hydraulic power is the
friction power or friction horsepower and is accounted for by thfriction power or friction horsepower and is accounted for by thee
pump efficiency.pump efficiency.
Steep versus Shallow PerformanceSteep versus Shallow PerformanceCharacteristicsCharacteristics
A steep pump curve will provide a stable flow over variousA steep pump curve will provide a stable flow over various
pressures.pressures.Shallow pump curves will provide a steady pressure with varyingShallow pump curves will provide a steady pressure with varying
flows.flows.
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Pump Design IssuesPump Design Issues
HorsepowerHorsepowerWhen pushing water the pump performs work. The two basicWhen pushing water the pump performs work. The two basic
terms for horsepower are Hydraulic Horsepower and braketerms for horsepower are Hydraulic Horsepower and brake
horsepower. When pushing water two basic terms forhorsepower. When pushing water two basic terms forhorsepower are hydraulic horsepower (horsepower are hydraulic horsepower (whpwhp) and brake) and brake
horsepower (horsepower (bhpbhp).).
Affinity LawsAffinity LawsPump performance may be changed either by changing thePump performance may be changed either by changing the
impeller, motor or both. To change the pump performanceimpeller, motor or both. To change the pump performance
characteristics certain basic laws are valid for all centrifugalcharacteristics certain basic laws are valid for all centrifugal
pumps. These laws are called the affinity laws.pumps. These laws are called the affinity laws.
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Pump Design IssuesPump Design Issues
Multiple PumpsMultiple PumpsSeries pump operation is achieved by having one pumpSeries pump operation is achieved by having one pump
discharge into the suction of the next.discharge into the suction of the next.
Parallel operation is achieved by having two pumps dischargeParallel operation is achieved by having two pumps dischargeinto a common pipe.into a common pipe.
Characteristics of Pumps used in OnsiteCharacteristics of Pumps used in Onsitea.a. Ability to pass solidsAbility to pass solids
b.b. Relatively flat head versus discharge curveRelatively flat head versus discharge curve
c.c. Two Phase versus Three Phase PowerTwo Phase versus Three Phase Power
d.d. Impervious to Sewage CharacteristicsImpervious to Sewage Characteristics
e.e. Easily Maintained and/or ReplacedEasily Maintained and/or Replacedf.f. High Head for systems using orificesHigh Head for systems using orifices