HVDC Converter Operations and Performance, Classic … · HVDC Converter Operations and Performance, Classic and VSC Dhaka, September 18, 2011 Gunnar Persson, Senior Project Manager,

© ABB Group Slide 108MR0045

HVDC Converter Operations and Performance, Classic and VSCDhaka, September 18, 2011

Gunnar Persson, Senior Project Manager, Power Systems – HVDC, ABB AB Sweden


Agenda

HVDC technologies

HVDC Classic

HVDC Light (VSC )

Future


Key Renewable Energy AlternativesLocated at remote locations and off-shore

Hydro WindNew (solar/tidal/ wave/

geothermal etc)

Increase the use of renewable energy:

Reduce our CO2 emissions

Reduce our dependence on fossil energy

Hugh drivers for new transmission!


Market drivers for HVDC transmissionEnvironmentally friendly grid expansion

Integration of renewable energyRemote hydroOffshore windSolar power

Grid reinforcementFor increased tradingShare spinning reservesTo support intermittent renewable energy


What is an HVDC transmission system ?C

usto

mer

’s G

rid

HVDC converter station> 300 MW, Classic

HVDC converter station< 1200 MW, Light

Overhead linesTwo conductors

Submarine cables

Land or submarine,cables

HVDC converter station> 300 MW, Classic

HVDC converter station< 1200 MW, Light

Power / energy direction

Cus

tom

er’s

Grid

Custom

er’s Grid

Custom

er’s Grid


What is an HVDC Back-to-back system ?

Cus

tom

ers

Grid

Cus

tom

ers

Grid

HVDC Light Converter Station in a Back-to-back mode < 1200 MW

Cus

tom

ers

Grid

Cus

tom

ers

Grid

HVDC Back-to-back Converter Station> 300 MW, Classic

Garabi

Eagle Pass

Power / Energy direction

Technical benefits of HVDC

Conventional HVAC

HVAC with RPC

HVDC

DC

• Control of power flow

• Increased system stability

• No increase of short circuit currents

• Asynchronous connections

• Reactive power control

• Robustness and resistance to disturbances

• Low losses

• Reduced construction time

• Better use of right-of-way (see figures)

• Low cost line construction

Investment Costs

Distance

AC Terminal costs

Total AC cost

DC terminal

Costs

Total DC CostCritical Distance

Investment cost versus distance for HVAC and HVDC

Variables -Cost of Land -Cost of Materials - Cost of Labour - Time to Market

- Permissions - etc.


HVDC TechnologiesHVDC Classic

600 m x 360 m

Current source convertersLine-commutated thyristor valvesRequires 50% reactive compensation (35% HF)HVDC converter transformersMinimum short circuit capacity > 2 x converter rating


HVDC TechnologiesHVDC Light

150 m x 100 m

Voltage source convertersSelf-commutated IGBT valvesRequires no reactive power compensationStandard transformersNo minimum short circuit capacity, black start


HVDC ClassicHVDC Light

With HVDC Classic,for power levels up tomore than 6.400 MWusing thyristor technology

With HVDC Light,for power levels up to 1.200 MW usingIGBT technology

or

© ABB Group September 18, 2011 | Slide 12

Development of HVDC converter capacity

01000200030004000500060007000

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Transmission capacityHVDC Classic (MW)

0200400600800

10001200

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Transmission capacityHVDC VSC (MW)


Development of HVDC applications

580 km

HVDC Classic

Very long sub sea transmissions

Very long overhead line transmissions

Very high power transmissions

HVDC Light

Offshore power supply

Wind power integration

Underground transmission


HVDC Technologies

What makes HVDC special?Lower investment and lower losses for bulk power transmissionAsynchronous interconnectionsImproved transmission in parallel AC circuitsInstant and precise power flow control 3 times more power in a ROW than AC

What makes HVDC Light special?Underground cables

Easy permitsCosts close to overhead lines

Connection to passive loadsEnhancement of connected AC networksIndependent control of active and reactive power flowShort delivery times


HVDC Technologies

550 MW120 x 50 x 11 m1.5 acre36 feet high

HVDC Classic 300 – 6,400 MWThyristor controlledSwitched reactive power controlTypical design: valve building plus switchyardOverhead lines or mass impregnated cables

HVDC Light 50 – 1,200 MWTransistor (IGBT) controlledContinuous reactive power controlEasily expandable to more terminalsDynamic voltage regulationBlack start capabilityTypical design: all equipment (excluding transformers) in compact buildingExtruded cables

600 MW200 x 120 x 22 m6 acres73 feet high

© ABB Group September 18, 2011 | Slide 16

Comparison HVDC-Classic and HVDC-Light®

AC DC

HVDC-Classic

AC DC

HVDC-Light®

IndoorOutdoor

HVDC Light has fewer components and most equipment indoors



Point to Point Transmissions

Back to Back

Multi-terminal Systems

HVDC Configurations


Monopole, ground return

Monopole, metallic return

Monopole, midpoint grounded

6-pulse groups

6-pulse groups

12-pulse groups

12-pulse groups

Capacity up to appr. 1500 MW

Bipole

12-pulse groups

12-pulse groups

Capacity up to appr. 3000 MW(6-7000 MW)

Back – to -Back

Capacity up to appr. 1000 MW

Connection between Converter Stations can be Overhead Lines or Cables

HVDC Transmission Modes

© ABB Group September 18, 2011 | Slide 2010MP0701

HVDC Light Generation 4Operation configurations and modes

=~ = ~Symmetric monopole

=~ = ~Asymmetric monopole, metallic return

=~ = ~

=~ = ~

Bipole

Bipole, metallic return

=~ = ~

=~ = ~

=~ = ~

Asymmetric monopole, ground return

=~ = ~

Multiterminal Symmetric monopole

= ~

AC and DC transmission principles

P E1 E2X

sinδ

X~ ~E1

δ

=

E2 0

R

~~ Ud2Ud1

E1δ

PUd1 (Ud1-Ud2)

R=

E2 0

HVDC Control

Control of HVDC Links

The KEY to mitigation of disturbances in Transmission systems

Different ways to control a two-terminal HVDC Link:

1. Constant power

2. Constant current

3. Constant frequency (either in the receiving or sending AC network)

A combination can also be used or change from one mode to another

The DC Link can also be used to stabilize an AC network


HVDC Light


Merge of two technologiesLCC + SVC = VSC

LCC

SVC

VSC


Available operating area

-1,2 -1,0 -0,8 -0,6 -0,4 -0,2 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 Q (pu)

1,2

1,0

0,8

0,6

0,4

0,2

0

-0,2

-0,4

-0,6

-0,8

-1,0

-1,2

P (p

u)

Inverter

Q consumption (inductive)

Rectifier

Q generation (Capacitive)

Conclusion: A VSCcan behave like amotor or a generator

PQ-diagram


Converter bridge technology - Today's designGeneration 4 - Cascaded Two-Level Converters (CTLC)

Significantly reduced switching losses (~150 Hz)

Excellent output voltage quality

Scalable to high voltages

+ Ud

- Ud

1 Cell

CTLC2-level converter

+ Ud

- Ud


HVDC Light Generation 4 No filters required….

Two-level converter voltage

CTL converter voltage

HVDC Light® – Simplified Single Line Diagram

DC Capacitors (Voltage Sources)

Converter Valves

Phase ReactorsCables

AC Transformers, breakers/disconnectors


Converter Technology

Control & Protection Technology

Cable Technology

All in coordinated in-house ABB development

Key building elements for HVDC Light


HVDC Light Extended range

Base – symmetrical 617 1233 1850

Udc A dc A dc A dc

+/- 80 kV 99 197 296 +/- 150 kV 185 370 555 +/- 320 kV 395 789 1184

Cable or OH line

Bipolar 617 1233 1850

Udc1 Udc2 A dc A dc A dc

160 160 kV 197 395 592

320 320 kV 395 789 1184

500 500 kV 617 1233 1600

640 640 kV 789 1579 2368Extruded Cable Mass Impregnated OH line

Power in MW (BtB)

Power in MW (BtB)


HVDC LightTechnical development

Hällsjön3 MW

± 10 kV

Cross Sound330 MW± 150 kVGotland

50 MW ± 80 kV

East-WestInterconnector

500 MW± 200 kV

BorWin1400 MW± 150 kV

Dolwin 1800 MW± 320 kV

Skagerrak 4700 MW500 kV

Estlink350 MW± 150 kV

Caprivi300 MW+ 350 kV

1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009

500

1000

2000

1500

2500

200

100

400

300

500

600MW kV


150 m220 m

HVDC Light Generation 4Station layout 2 x 1000 MW ± 320 kV


Lower losses in HVDC Light stations

Reduce losses

Maintain functionalityMaintain availability and reliability

Compactness

150 x 100 m±320 kV, 1000 MW

0,0%

0,5%

1,0%

1,5%

2,0%

2,5%

3,0%

3,5%

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Gen. 1

Gen. 2

Gen. 3

Gen. 4

HVDC Classic

HVDC Light


HVDC Light land and sea cables50 – 1,200 MW

Conductor of aluminim or copper

Triple extruded insulation systemconductor screenHVDC polymer insulationinsulation screen

Copper wire screen and/or lead sheath

Steel wire armor or aluminim laminate

Outer jacket of PE or polyethylene yarn


HVDC Light applications


HVDC LightCity center infeed

System with converters and cablesEasier permit procedureLow project riskShort installation and implementation timeLow operation and maintenance cost

Grid improvementVoltage and reactive power controlLoss reduction in connected AC networkIncreased transfer capability in AC linesConnection in weak network pointsPassive load operation (Black Start)

Environmentally adaptedShort permitting timeSmall footprint and low profile of converters Oil free cable Reduced magnetic fields“Invisible” transmission


HVDC LightPowering islands


Grid improvementVoltage and reactive power controlLoss reduction in connected AC networkConnection in weak network pointsPassive load operation (Black Start)



HVDC LightConnecting wind farms

System with converters and cablesEasier permit procedure in coastal areasLow project riskShort installation and implementation timeLow operation and maintenance cost




HVDC LightOffshore platforms





HVDC LightImproved grid reliability

System with converters and cablesEmbedded link incl. SVC functionality Easier permit procedure - low project riskShort installation and implementation timeLow operation and maintenance cost




Agenda

HVDC technologies

HVDC Classic

HVDC Light

Future


Next development steps

HVDC Classic and HVDC Light Higher reliabilityLower footprintEnvironmentally adapted

HVDC Classic> 1000 kV

HVDC LightHigher ratingsLower lossesMore compact, particularly offshoreMulti terminal configurations Control features

DC Grids


Regional DC grids- multi-terminal

A DC regional grid is a system that constitutes of one protection zone for DC short circuits

Characteristics

Fast restart of faultless part of system

DC breakers are not needed

Normally radial or star network configuration

Limited power rating compared to connecting AC-grid

Can be built today with existing, proven technology


Statnett

The DC grid vision is a shared by many

wind-energy-the-facts.orgmainstreamrp.com pepei.pennnet.com

Statnett

wikipedia/desertec Desertec-australia.org

claverton-energy.com

SVK/Statnett


Future overlay DC grid of EuropeHVDC Light is required

Thank you for your attention!

[email protected]

Documents

HVDC Converter Operations and Performance, Classic … · HVDC Converter Operations and Performance, Classic and VSC Dhaka, September 18, 2011 Gunnar Persson, Senior Project Manager,