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Human Physiology in the Development of Performance
Today’s Objectives
• Correctly identify the performance criteria for LO2
• Correctly identify the function of the respiratory system
• Correctly describe the pathway of air
• Correctly describe the process of pulmonary diffusion
• Correctly describe the stages that occur in breathing in and breathing out
• Correctly describe the adaptations that take place in the respiratory system with sport and exercise
Human Physiology in the Development of Performance D681 12
Learning Outcome 2
a) The structure of the main components of the cardio-respiratory system is correctly described
b) The function of the main components of the cardio-respiratory system are accurately described
Human Physiology in the Development of Performance D681 12
• We are going to separate the Cardio Respiratory system into 2 parts
• In general terms:– Cardio: Heart– Respiratory:
Lungs
Human Physiology in the Development of Performance D681 12
Respiratory System
• Question
• What is the main function of the respiratory system?
• Answer
To breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide
Anatomy of the Respiratory System
Structure Description
Nasal Passage Nose
Oral Cavity Mouth
Pharynx Funnel shaped tube allowing air to go into the windpipe
Larynx Voice Box
Trachea Windpipe
Bronchi Sub-divisions of windpipe
Anatomy of the Respiratory System
Structure Description
Lungs Cone shaped organs of the respiratory system
Heart Muscular organ of the cardiovascular system
Ribs Flat bones that protect the heart and lungs
Intercostal muscles
Muscle that pull on the rib cage causing it to move
Cartilage Connective tissue that joins the ribs onto the sternum
Anatomy of the Respiratory System
Structure Description
Bronchioles Small tube like subdivisions of the bronchi
Diaphragm Muscle at the bottom of the rib cage which assists during breathing
Alveoli Bunch of grape like structures where pulmonary diffusion takes place
The Respiratory System
Intercostal muscles
Cartilage
Bronchioles
Diaphragm
Alveoli
Pathway of Air Task
• In your pairs look at the diagram of the respiratory system
• Taking into account gravity
• Make a list of the respiratory structures in the order that you think the air passes through them
Pathway of Air
Oral Cavity/Nasal Passages
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchioles
Alveoli – where pulmonary diffusion occurs
What is Pulmonary Diffusion?
• Pulmonary Diffusion is the name for the process of gas exchange which occurs in the lungs
It has 2 main functions:
1. To replenish the blood with oxygen where it can be transported around the body
2. To remove carbon dioxide from the blood so we can breathe it out
Pulmonary Diffusion
• During pulmonary diffusion the gases (O2 and CO2) always travel from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
• Until there is an equal balance of both gases in the blood
Human Physiology in the Development of Performance D681 12
Breathing in and Breathing Out
Q) How many breaths does the average person take at rest per minute?
A)
Q) How many breaths do you take at rest in the average minute?
A)
Breathing in and Breathing Out
A The intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax
B The diaphragm contracts and flattens
C The volume of the lungs decreases
D The internal pressure of the lungs increases above that of the external air pressure
E The intercostal muscles contract pulling the ribs up and out
F The greater air pressure outside forces air into the lungs
G This increases the volume of the lungs and decreases the air pressure inside them
H Air is forced out of the lungs
Breathing In and Out
• Firstly decide which statements are involved with breathing in and which are involved with breathing out
• Then establish a logical order of events for each phase of breathing
• Hint - gas always moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure
Breathing In and Out
A The intercostals muscles and the diaphragm relax
B The diaphragm contracts and flattens
C The volume of the lungs decreases
D The internal pressure of the lungs increases above that of the external air pressure
E The intercostals muscles contract pulling the ribs up and out
F The greater air pressure outside forces air into the lungs
G This increases the volume of the lungs and decreases the air pressure inside them
H Air is forced out of the lungs
Breathing In and Out
A The intercostals muscles and the diaphragm relax
B The diaphragm contracts and flattens
C The volume of the lungs decreases
D The internal pressure of the lungs increases above that of the external air pressure
E The intercostals muscles contract pulling the ribs up and out
F The greater air pressure outside forces air into the lungs
G This increases the volume of the lungs and decreases the air pressure inside them
H Air is forced out of the lungs
Out
In
Out
Out
In
In
In
Out
Breathing In and Out
A The intercostals muscles and the diaphragm relax
B The diaphragm contracts and flattens
C The volume of the lungs decreases
D The internal pressure of the lungs increases above that of the external air pressure
E The intercostals muscles contract pulling the ribs up and out
F The greater air pressure outside forces air into the lungs
G This increases the volume of the lungs and decreases the air pressure inside them
H Air is forced out of the lungs
Breathing In and Out
A The intercostals muscles and the diaphragm relax
B The diaphragm contracts and flattens
C The volume of the lungs decreases
D The internal pressure of the lungs increases above that of the external air pressure
E The intercostals muscles contract pulling the ribs up and out
F The greater air pressure outside forces air into the lungs
G This increases the volume of the lungs and decreases the air pressure inside them
H Air is forced out of the lungs
Out 1
In 1
Out 2
Out 3
In 2
In 4
In 3
Out 4
Human Physiology in the Development of Performance D681 12
Breathing In
B The diaphragm contracts and flattens
E The intercostals muscles contract pulling the ribs up and out
G This increases the volume of the lungs and decreases the air pressure inside them
F The greater air pressure outside forces air into the lungs
Human Physiology in the Development of Performance D681 12
Breathing Out
A The intercostals muscles and the diaphragm relax
C The volume of the lungs decreases
D The internal pressure of the lungs increases above that of the external air pressure
H Air is forced out of the lungs
Adaptations to the Respiratory with Exercise
• Increased ability to take in more air due to increases in strength or endurance of intercostals muscles
• Increased efficiency of oxygen uptake by blood (pulmonary diffusion)
• Increased alveoli surface area
You should now be able to
• Correctly identify the performance criteria for LO2
• Correctly identify the function of the respiratory system
• Correctly describe the pathway of air
• Correctly describe the process of pulmonary diffusion
• Correctly describe the stages that occur in breathing in and breathing out
• Correctly describe the adaptations that take place in the respiratory system with sport and exercise
