HUM 2461Humanities of Latin America

Fall 2013

Day 1510th of October

• Attendance• Dr. Zacarias and Brazilian’s conquest.• Pre-Cultures in Florida• Quizzes & mid term exam• Homework#6 until Thursday• Conquistadors in Florida

13,000-1512 CE

Florida

Timucua, Calusa, Apalachee, and Tocobago

peoples

Arrive to Floridafrom northern South

America via the Caribbean island chain.

Timucua people

Settled in San Augustine

The Caribbean island chain

From 900 to about 1600

Tampa Bay

Tocobaga Culture

circa 1600 and later

Northen Florida

Seminole Culture

Important facts (Spanish)

• 1513 Juan Ponce de León landed at St. Augustine, but he made no permanent settlement.

• 1528 Pánfilo de Narváez and his second-in-command, Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca arrived in Tampa Bay.

• 1539-1542 Hernando de Soto undertook a disastrous exploration of Florida (especially the Bradenton and Tampa areas).

Important facts (Spanish)• 1565 Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, Spanish

massacres the French colonists at La Caroline and the survivors of Fort Caroline at Matanzas Bay.

• 1566 Pedro Menéndez de Avilés claims Miami as a possession of Spain.

• 1572 St. Augustine is reestablished on its current site.

• 1672-1695 The Castillo de San Marcos (Fort Marion under the English and Americans) was built in its current form.

•

Fort La Caroline(St. John’s river)

Castillo de San Marcos

Important facts (Spanish)

• 1693 Spain declares by official royal edict that all African slaves who escape from the English colonies would become free upon arriving in Spanish Florida, converting to Roman Catholicism, and, for men, serving in the militia.

• 1738 The Spanish town and fort of Gracia Real de Santa Teresa de Mose (Fort Mose), first completely free black settlement in what would become USA territory, built two miles north of the Castillo in St. Augustine.

Fort Mose

Important facts (Spanish)

• 1740 Fort Mose destroyed by English slave owners and their Indian allies in an invasion from the Carolinas.

• 1763-1783 Florida was ceded to England from Spain by the Treaty of Paris; Fort Mose reconstructed and resettled, 1763.

• 1888 Henry Flagler built the Ponce de Leon Hotel. Fort Mose II is buried under water in the marshes to the right of the shown photo.

Important facts (French)

• 1562-1565 French Huguenot explorers and settlers (Jean Ribaut, René Gaumont de Laudonnière, et al) explore and settle Charlesfort at Parris Island and Fort La Caroline in Jacksonville.

Important facts (Missions)

• 1587 The Franciscan mission of Nombre de Dios is established in St. Augustine – “Fountain of Youth”

• 1606 La Misión San Francisco de Potano is located 8 miles NW of Gainesville, Florida.

• In northern and western Florida alone the Spanish government and church established some 50 missions.

Important facts (Gainesville)

• 1610-1612 The Franciscan mission of Santa Fe de Toloca was established north of Gainesville, Florida, on or near the Santa Fe river. This mission connected the camino real (royal highway) between St. Augustine and the San Luis de Apalachee mission in present-day Tallahassee (the Apalachee province of New Spain in the first Spanish period). (Santa Fe College was named for the river, but the mission had the same name.)

Important facts (Treaties)

• 1763-1783 Florida was ceded to England from Spain by the Treaty of Paris; Fort Mose reconstructed and resettled, 1763.

• 1783 Florida ceded back to Spain by the Treaty of Versailles

• 1783-1821 Second Spanish period• 1819 Florida was ceded to the USA by the

Adams-Onís Treaty. The Treaty was proclaimed in 1821.

• 1845 Florida becomes the 27th state of the USA as a “slave state.”