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House as a System. WEATHERIZATION ENERGY AUDITOR SINGLE FAMILY. WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012. Learning Objectives. House as a system. By attending this session, participants will be able to: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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1 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
House as a SystemWEATHERIZATION ENERGY AUDITOR SINGLE FAMILY
WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012
2 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
By attending this session, participants will be able to:• Recognize the potential for interaction among building
components and mechanical systems.
• Explain how air sealing a home can negatively affect indoor air quality.
• Recognize typical air leakage sites and know how to deal with them.
Learning ObjectivesHOUSE AS A SYSTEM
3 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
A house is a system of interdependent parts.• The operation of one part affects many others.
• When they all work together, the house is comfortable, safe, efficient, and durable.
A house will experience problems when its house parts don’t work together properly.
• Some obvious, some invisible
• Some now, some years down the road
House as a SystemHOUSE AS A SYSTEM
4 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
House as a System
HOUSE AS A SYSTEM
Diagram courtesy of John Tooley
5 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
Examples – House as a System
An uninsulated attic... …makes the heating and cooling system work harder than necessary.
HOUSE AS A SYSTEM
Photos courtesy of The US Department of Energy
6 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
Examples – House as a System
Leaky recessed lighting fixtures...
…increases heat loss/gain,
and can cause ice dams.
HOUSE AS A SYSTEM
Photos courtesy of The US Department of Energy
7 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
Examples – House as a System
This bathroom exhaustfan does not exhaust to
outdoors, just to the soffit.
Moisture condenses on the roof deck and trusses
causing damage.
HOUSE AS A SYSTEM
Photos courtesy of The US Department of Energy
8 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
Ventilation & Air Change
Why seal the leaks at all?
HOUSE AS A SYSTEM
Image created for the US DOE WAP National Standardized Curriculum
9 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
• 2 in. x 6 in. rafters with plywood decking
• White “dots” are frost on nail points
In the AtticHOUSE AS A SYSTEM
Photo courtesy of The US Department of Energy
10 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
Plumbing pipe and dirty insulation are clues...
…that an attic bypass is allowing air flow through
the insulation.
Photos courtesy of The US Department of Energy
11 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
Chimney ChasesHOUSE AS A SYSTEM
Photo courtesy of The US Department of Energy
12 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
Treating the Chimney ChaseHOUSE AS A SYSTEM
Photos courtesy of The US Department of Energy
13 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
Sealed Chimney Bypass
Sealed chimney bypass…
…with insulation barrier.
HOUSE AS A SYSTEM
Photos courtesy of The US Department of Energy
14 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
An Alternative Method
Detail for Sealing Thermal Bypass Around Chimney
HOUSE AS A SYSTEM
Photos courtesy of The US Department of EnergyIllustrations courtesy of Maine Housing
15 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
In the Basement
Spalling on cement blocks
Spalling
Minor mold on floor stringers
Mold on cement blocks
High standing water
High water mark
HOUSE AS A SYSTEM
Photos courtesy of The US Department of Energy
16 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
Plumbing and Wire OpeningHOUSE AS A SYSTEM
Photos courtesy of The US Department of Energy
17 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
Under the TubHOUSE AS A SYSTEM
Photos courtesy of The US Department of Energy
18 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
Another TubHOUSE AS A SYSTEM
Photo courtesy of The US Department of Energy
19 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
More in the Basement
Top of connection between heat delivery plenum and main trunk
HOUSE AS A SYSTEM
Photos courtesy of The US Department of Energy
20 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
Danger!
More in the Basement
Grille cut into return plenum sucks on barometric damper
Thermocouples shut off flame when backdrafting occurs, but real culprit is leaky return ductwork on furnace (not shown)
HOUSE AS A SYSTEM
Photos courtesy of The US Department of Energy
21 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
In the GarageHOUSE AS A SYSTEM
Photo courtesy of The US Department of Energy
22 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
In the Kitchen and BathroomHOUSE AS A SYSTEM
Photos courtesy of The US Department of Energy
23 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
Dropped Soffits
Kitchen wall cabinets mounted
under soffit or valance
HOUSE AS A SYSTEM
Graphic courtesy of Anthony Cox
24 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
Dropped Soffits
If you see soffit-mounted cabinets,
remember to investigate during
attic inspection.
HOUSE AS A SYSTEM
Graphic courtesy of Anthony Cox
25 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
Fireplaces “net cool” all but the smallest spaces
In the Living RoomHOUSE AS A SYSTEM
Photo courtesy of The US Department of Energy
26 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
And then there are vent-free fireplaces…
And kerosene heaters…
And homemade heaters!
Unvented Space HeatersHOUSE AS A SYSTEM
Photo courtesy of The US Department of Energy
27 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
Outside
Trees and bushes against a building prevent wall
assemblies from drying.
Cathedral ceilings invite moisture and mold problems.
Roof windows or recessed lights will further complicate matters.
HOUSE AS A SYSTEM
Photos courtesy of The US Department of Energy
28 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
All exhaust appliances “suck” on the house.
Mechanical VentilationHOUSE AS A SYSTEM
Photos courtesy of The US Department of Energy
29 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
Occupant BehaviorHOUSE AS A SYSTEM
Photos courtesy of The US Department of Energy
30 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
What’s Going On?
Heavy condensation on center window, but no condensation on side windows
Why? What is the most likely moisture source?
HOUSE AS A SYSTEM
Photo courtesy of The US Department of Energy
31 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
What Should Be Done?
• Add a storm window?
• Replace the entire window unit?
• Advise the homeowner to run the ceiling fan?
• Get rid of the plants?
It Depends!
HOUSE AS A SYSTEM
Photo courtesy of The US Department of Energy
32 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
Something to Think About
Houses:• Are tighter.
• Have more exhaust appliances.
• Have weaker natural draft combustion appliances.
• Have less drying potential.
Diagram courtesy of John Tooley
HOUSE AS A SYSTEM
33 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
Today’s Houses Are Tighter
NewPlywood and drywall
HOUSE AS A SYSTEM
OldBoarded exterior with lath and plaster interior walls
Images created for the US DOE WAP National Standardized Curricula
34 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
Today’s Houses Have Bigger Fans and More of ThemHOUSE AS A SYSTEM
Photos courtesy of The US Department of Energy
35 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
System 2000™ 90+% High Mass drybase boiler 80% Converted coal boiler 50%
Air Tight Wood StoveKuma Stoves kumastoves.com
Today’s Houses Have Weaker Draft Appliances
Glass doors reduce air lossOpen fireplaces
The weaker the draft (i.e., the higher the efficiency), the less air moves through the heating system and therefore the house.
HOUSE AS A SYSTEM
Photos courtesy of The US Department of Energy
36 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
Older Home:• Balloon-framed two-story
home (lots of stack effect)• Boards, plaster, and lathe• No insulation• Construction style and
materials inherently leaky
Today’s Houses Have Less Drying Potential
The new house gets just as wet but can’t dry; therefore poor IAQ and mold/mildew.
Newer Home:• Low (little stack effect)• Plywood and drywall• Construction style and
materials inherently tighter than older home
The old house got wet in the summer (humid) and dried in the winter (low humidity).
HOUSE AS A SYSTEM
Photos courtesy of The US Department of Energy
37 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
Lifestyle Changes
Background photo courtesy of Tech Journal
Photos courtesy of Bill Van der Meer
HOUSE AS A SYSTEM
38 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – December 2012 eere.energy.gov
• We build very differently than we did just 40 years ago.
• Economic pressure is driving the move to tighter houses with smaller margins of safety.
• The tighter a house is, the more influence individual components have on other components.
• All pollutants inside the pressure boundary will eventually be dispersed over the entire area.
• Altering a building or its mechanicals can have unexpected consequences.
SummaryHOUSE AS A SYSTEM
