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History of American Farm Technology. Foundations of Agriculture and Natural Resources . 16 th – 18 th Centuries. Oxen and horses for power Crude wooden plows, all sowing by hand, Cultivating by a hoe Hay and grain cutting with a sickle and threshing with flail . 1776-1799. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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FOUNDATIONS OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES
History of American Farm Technology
16th – 18th Centuries
Oxen and horses for powerCrude wooden plows, all sowing by hand,
Cultivating by a hoeHay and grain cutting with a sickle and
threshing with flail
1776-1799
1790 Cradle and Scythe Introduced1793 Invention of the cotton gin1794 Thomas Jefferson’s Moldboard plow
tested1797 Charles Newbold patented first cast-
iron plow
1800-1829
1819 Jethro wood patented iron plow with interchangeable parts
1819-1825 U.S. Food canning industry established
1830’s
1830 About 250-300 labor hours required to produce 100 bushels of wheat (Five Acres).
1834 McCormick reaper patented John Lane began to manufacture plows faced
with steel blades
1837 John Deere and Leonard Andrus began manufacturing steel plows
1840
1840’s the growing use of factory made agricultural machinery increased farmers’ need for cash and encouraged commercial farming
1840’s
1841 Practical grain drill patented 1842 First grain elevator, Buffalo, NY 1844 Practical mowing machine patented1847 Irrigation began in Utah1849 Mixed Chemical Fertilizers sold
commercially
1850’s
1850 about 75-90 labor hours required to produce 100 bushels of corn 2 ½ acres
1850-1870 Expanded market for ag products brought adoption of improved technology and resulting increase in farm production
1850’s
1854 Self governing windmill perfected1856 2 horse straddle row cultivator
patented
1860’s
Change from hand power to horse 1865-75 Gang plows and sulky plows came
into use 1868 Steam tractors were tried outSpring tooth harrow or seedbed preparation
appeared
1870’s
1870’s silos came into use Deep well Drilling first widely used• 1874 Glidden barbed wire patented• Availability of barbed wire allowed fencing of
rangeland, ending era of unrestricted open-range grazing
1880’s
William Deering put 3000 twine binders on the market
1884-90 Horse drawn combine used in Pacific coast wheat areas
1890’s
1890-95 Cream separators came into wide use 1890-99 Average annual consumption of commercial
fertilizer 1,845,900 tons
1890’s
Agriculture became increasingly mechanized and commercialized
1890 35-40 labor hours required to produce 100 bushels of corn 2 ½ acres
1900’s
1900-1909 Average annual consumption of commercial fertilizer 3,738,300 tons
1900-1910 George Washington Carver, pioneered in new uses for peanuts, sweet potatoes, and soybeans, thus helping to diversify southern agriculture
1910’s
1910-1915 Big open geared gas tractor came into use in areas of extensive farming
1915-20 Enclosed gears developed for tractors
1918 Small prairie-type combine with auxiliary engine introduced
1920’s
1920-1929 Average annual consumption of commercial fertilizer 6,845,800 tons
1920-40 Gradual increase in farm production resulting from expanded use of mechanized power
1926 Successful light tractor developed
1930’s
1930 One farmer supplied 9.8 persons in the United States and abroad
15-20 Labor hours required to produce 100 bushels of corn
1940’s
1945 Change from horses to tractors – The second great ag. Revolution
10-14 labor hours required to produce 100 bushels of corn
1950’s
1950-59 Average annual consumption of commercial fertilizer 22,340,666
1950 One farmer supplied 15.5 persons in the U.S. and abroad
1950’s
1954 Number of tractors on farms exceeded the number of horses and mules for the first time
1955 6½ labor hours required to produce 100 acres of wheat
1960’s
1960 One farmer supplied 25.8 persons in the United States and abroad
1965 5 labor hours required to produce 100 bushels of wheat
1965 Federal loans and grants for water/sewer systems began
1970’s
1970 No tillage Ag. Popularized One farmer supplied 75.8 persons in the U.S.
and abroad 1975 3½ labor hours required to produce 100
bushels of corn
1980-1990
1980’s More farmers use no till or low till 1987 2 ¾ hours required to produce 100
bushels of corn 1 1/8th acre1989 More farmers began to use low input
sustainable agriculture to decrease chemical applications