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Varieties of Colonial Schooling Dame School Apprenticeships In loco parentis Latin Grammar School
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American School History
The History of American Education
When I think of Puritans, I think most of…
45%
11%3%
41%
The first Thanksg... Stern, hateful pe... People like me Religious intoler...
1. The first Thanksgiving2. Stern, hateful people3. People like me4. Religious intolerance
Varieties of Colonial Schooling
Dame SchoolApprenticeshipsIn loco parentisLatin Grammar School
Old Deluder Satan Law
1636Establishment of Harvard College
1647Every town of 50 households….Every town of 100 households….Response to a generational problem.
The Colonial Experience
Local Control of SchoolsCompulsory EducationTax-supported schoolsState Standards
Also established “permanently” the tension between religious and secular influences in school classrooms in America
National Identity and Education
Thomas Jefferson – educated citizenry for democracyUniversity of Virginia
Benjamin Franklin – practical and nonsectarian education
Franklin Academy – University of Pennsylvania
The Constitution
Expressed Powers vs. Delegated Powers
Tenth Amendment:
“The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited to it by the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people”
Nevertheless….
The United States has a long tradition of federal involvement in public education. We will see some of these instances and realities in chapters to come.Titles (Ten)ADAIDEANCLB
I like the idea of federal involvement in public education….
12%
65%
19% 5%
Very much Some Not so much Not at all
1. Very much2. Some3. Not so much4. Not at all
The Common School
Horace Mann
“Common” as in common features, not as in for “common people.”
Still, Mann’s efforts made standardized education available for more Americans.Rise of the public “elementary school.”
The Normal School
Preparation for Teachers – standardizedInfluence of Horace MannUMD has its origins in the spread and proliferation of “normal schools.” State and Local funding. Standardization
Federal Legislation
Land Ordinance &Northwest Ordinance –1785-87Morrill Land Grant College Acts 1862-90Smith Hughes Act --1917GI Bill --1944
National Defense Education Act -- 1958ESEA – 1965Head Start – 1964Bilingual EA 1968-01Title IX 1972IDEA 1973NCLB 2001
“Schoolography”
What do you know of the history of schools in your home community?
Portfolio Reflection…..
Education in the West in “Big Picture Sense”
Classical Models of Greece and RomeReligious Traditions and EducationRenaissance Values European Values
RenaissanceEnlightenmentRomanticism
American Pragmatism
William JamesCharles Sanders Peirce
Late nineteenth century
Orientation toward sense, perception, empiricism – led to Philosophy of Pragmatism
Rousseau
Enligtenment vs. RomanticConception of NatureConception of the ChildThe ultimate educationEmile
Friedrich Froebel / Maria Montessori
Continental Practitioners and Theorists
Profound influence on American early elementary education
The KindergartenThe Montessori Method
John Dewey
PragmatismExperience and PedagogyStudent-CenteredProgressivismDemocratic Ideals
Provocative and oft misunderstood
Piaget
Reorganizing our conception of child development and psychology.
Cognitive stage theory:
SensorimotorPreoperationalConcrete OperationsFormal OperationsProfound effect on teacher preparation curriculum and curriculum in elementary schools
B.F. Skinner
BehaviorismEducation analogized to laboratory experiments
Reinforcement TheoryPositive, Negative rewardsBehavior Modification
I would want my 5-6 year-old to…
1. Stay out of school2. Be home schooled3. Be in a demanding
academic skills program
4. Be in a traditional kindergarten
5. Be in a Montessori program