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History Alive! book's powerpoint. helpful to study with :D
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HOLTHOLT
World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution
Section 1:Section 1: Origins of the Industrial Revolution Origins of the Industrial Revolution
Section 2:Section 2: The Factory System The Factory System
Section 3:Section 3: New Methods and Business Organizations New Methods and Business Organizations
Section 4:Section 4: Living and Working Conditions Living and Working Conditions
Section 5:Section 5: Socialism Socialism
CHAPTER 22CHAPTER 22
HOLTHOLT
World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON2
Objectives:Objectives:Explain why the Industrial Revolution began in Explain why the Industrial Revolution began in
Great Britain.Great Britain.Describe how inventions in the textile industry led Describe how inventions in the textile industry led
to other new inventions.to other new inventions.Analyze the effects that developments in Analyze the effects that developments in
transportation and communication had on the transportation and communication had on the spread of the Industrial Revolution.spread of the Industrial Revolution.
Section 1: Section 1:
Origins of the Industrial RevolutionOrigins of the Industrial RevolutionOrigins of the Industrial RevolutionOrigins of the Industrial Revolution
HOLTHOLT
World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON3
The Agricultural RevolutionThe Agricultural RevolutionEnclosure movement – smaller landholdings Enclosure movement – smaller landholdings
combined into more efficient, larger holdingscombined into more efficient, larger holdingsNew farming methods – bronze and iron toolsNew farming methods – bronze and iron toolsCrop rotationCrop rotation
Section 1: Section 1:
Origins of the Industrial RevolutionOrigins of the Industrial RevolutionOrigins of the Industrial RevolutionOrigins of the Industrial Revolution
HOLTHOLT
World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON4
Factors of ProductionFactors of ProductionLand – all natural resourcesLand – all natural resourcesCapital – money, tools, machinery, equipment, Capital – money, tools, machinery, equipment,
inventoryinventoryLabor – migration into cities, population growthLabor – migration into cities, population growth
Section 1: Section 1:
Origins of the Industrial RevolutionOrigins of the Industrial RevolutionOrigins of the Industrial RevolutionOrigins of the Industrial Revolution
HOLTHOLT
World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON5
The Textile IndustryThe Textile IndustryNew inventions – mechanizationNew inventions – mechanizationEffects of mechanization – supply increased, Effects of mechanization – supply increased,
prices decreased, demand increasedprices decreased, demand increased
Section 1: Section 1:
Origins of the Industrial RevolutionOrigins of the Industrial RevolutionOrigins of the Industrial RevolutionOrigins of the Industrial Revolution
HOLTHOLT
World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON6
Steam Engines, Iron, and SteelSteam Engines, Iron, and SteelIron and steel – mechanization meant that more Iron and steel – mechanization meant that more
iron was needediron was needed
Section 1: Section 1:
Origins of the Industrial RevolutionOrigins of the Industrial RevolutionOrigins of the Industrial RevolutionOrigins of the Industrial Revolution
HOLTHOLT
World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON7
Other IndustrializationOther IndustrializationProduction of shoes, clothing, ammunition, and Production of shoes, clothing, ammunition, and
furniturefurniturePrinting, papermaking, lumber, and food Printing, papermaking, lumber, and food
processingprocessingVulcanization – basis of modern rubber industryVulcanization – basis of modern rubber industry
Section 1: Section 1:
Origins of the Industrial RevolutionOrigins of the Industrial RevolutionOrigins of the Industrial RevolutionOrigins of the Industrial Revolution
HOLTHOLT
World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON8
TransportationTransportationSteam engine – locomotive, steamboatSteam engine – locomotive, steamboat
Section 1: Section 1:
Origins of the Industrial RevolutionOrigins of the Industrial RevolutionOrigins of the Industrial RevolutionOrigins of the Industrial Revolution
HOLTHOLT
World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON9
The Communications RevolutionThe Communications RevolutionScientific researchScientific researchBatteryBatteryElectricityElectricityTelegraphTelegraph
Section 1: Section 1:
Origins of the Industrial RevolutionOrigins of the Industrial RevolutionOrigins of the Industrial RevolutionOrigins of the Industrial Revolution
HOLTHOLT
World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON10
The Spread of IndustryThe Spread of IndustryCotton ginCotton ginMechanical reaperMechanical reaperCanals, railroadsCanals, railroadsSteel industrySteel industry
Section 1: Section 1:
Origins of the Industrial RevolutionOrigins of the Industrial RevolutionOrigins of the Industrial RevolutionOrigins of the Industrial Revolution
HOLTHOLT
World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON11
Objectives:Objectives:Explain how the increased use of machinery Explain how the increased use of machinery
affected workers and working conditions.affected workers and working conditions.Identify the differences between the middle class Identify the differences between the middle class
and the working class.and the working class.Analyze how the lives of women changed during Analyze how the lives of women changed during
the Industrial Revolution.the Industrial Revolution.
Section 2: Section 2:
The Factory SystemThe Factory SystemThe Factory SystemThe Factory System
HOLTHOLT
World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON12
How Machines Affected WorkHow Machines Affected WorkMechanization made jobs simpler and less skilledMechanization made jobs simpler and less skilled
Section 2: Section 2:
The Factory SystemThe Factory SystemThe Factory SystemThe Factory System
HOLTHOLT
World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON13
The Wage SystemThe Wage SystemCosts of productionCosts of productionLabor supplyLabor supplyWages for other workWages for other workGender – higher wages for menGender – higher wages for men
Section 2: Section 2:
The Factory SystemThe Factory SystemThe Factory SystemThe Factory System
HOLTHOLT
World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON14
The Lives of Factory WorkersThe Lives of Factory WorkersMany rules to followMany rules to followCold and damp in winter, steamy in summerCold and damp in winter, steamy in summerFrequent accidentsFrequent accidentsShabby, cramped apartment buildingsShabby, cramped apartment buildings
Section 2: Section 2:
The Factory SystemThe Factory SystemThe Factory SystemThe Factory System
HOLTHOLT
World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON15
Development of the Middle ClassDevelopment of the Middle ClassIndustries and cities grewIndustries and cities grewWell-educated middle class thrivedWell-educated middle class thrivedFamilies could rise in social (class) standingFamilies could rise in social (class) standing
Section 2: Section 2:
The Factory SystemThe Factory SystemThe Factory SystemThe Factory System
HOLTHOLT
World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON16
Effect of Industrialization on Women’s LivesEffect of Industrialization on Women’s LivesWomen began working outside the homeWomen began working outside the homeWomen gained independenceWomen gained independence
Section 2: Section 2:
The Factory SystemThe Factory SystemThe Factory SystemThe Factory System
HOLTHOLT
World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON17
Objectives:Objectives:Explain how and why the methods of production Explain how and why the methods of production
changed during the Industrial Revolution.changed during the Industrial Revolution.Identify what caused corporations to emerge and Identify what caused corporations to emerge and
the effects they had on business.the effects they had on business.Define the business cycle and explain how it Define the business cycle and explain how it
affected society.affected society.
Section 3: Section 3:
New Methods and Business OrganizationsNew Methods and Business OrganizationsNew Methods and Business OrganizationsNew Methods and Business Organizations
HOLTHOLT
World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON18
Capitalism and Changing Production MethodsCapitalism and Changing Production MethodsDivision of labor and interchangeable parts – Division of labor and interchangeable parts –
unskilled labor lowered cost of production; unskilled labor lowered cost of production; interchangeable parts allowed speedy and interchangeable parts allowed speedy and inexpensive repairsinexpensive repairs
The assembly line – mass productionThe assembly line – mass production
Section 3: Section 3:
New Methods and Business OrganizationsNew Methods and Business OrganizationsNew Methods and Business OrganizationsNew Methods and Business Organizations
HOLTHOLT
World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON19
Rise of the CorporationRise of the CorporationSold stocks in companies to raise money to run Sold stocks in companies to raise money to run
and expand businessand expand businessMonopoly – one corporation had almost complete Monopoly – one corporation had almost complete
control over production or sale of a single good or control over production or sale of a single good or serviceservice
Cartels – business combinations to control every Cartels – business combinations to control every stage of an entire industrystage of an entire industry
Section 3: Section 3:
New Methods and Business OrganizationsNew Methods and Business OrganizationsNew Methods and Business OrganizationsNew Methods and Business Organizations
HOLTHOLT
World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON20
Business CyclesBusiness CyclesAlternating periods of prosperity and declineAlternating periods of prosperity and decline
Section 3: Section 3:
New Methods and Business OrganizationsNew Methods and Business OrganizationsNew Methods and Business OrganizationsNew Methods and Business Organizations
HOLTHOLT
World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON21
Objectives:Objectives:Identify Adam Smith’s ideas and explain how they Identify Adam Smith’s ideas and explain how they
affected people’s views of industrialization.affected people’s views of industrialization.Explain the causes of reform movements.Explain the causes of reform movements.Analyze how workers tried to improve their lives.Analyze how workers tried to improve their lives.
Section 4: Section 4:
Living and Working ConditionsLiving and Working ConditionsLiving and Working ConditionsLiving and Working Conditions
HOLTHOLT
World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON22
Economic TheoriesEconomic TheoriesLaws of economics – law of supply and demand, Laws of economics – law of supply and demand,
law of competitionlaw of competitionMalthus and Ricardo – believed that human Malthus and Ricardo – believed that human
misery and poverty are inevitablemisery and poverty are inevitableLaissez-faire – no government regulation of Laissez-faire – no government regulation of
businessbusiness
Section 4: Section 4:
Living and Working ConditionsLiving and Working ConditionsLiving and Working ConditionsLiving and Working Conditions
HOLTHOLT
World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON23
Reformers AriseReformers AriseHumanitarians – work to improve conditions of Humanitarians – work to improve conditions of
othersothersUtilitarianism – greatest happiness for greatest Utilitarianism – greatest happiness for greatest
number of peoplenumber of peopleJohn Stuart Mill – government should work for John Stuart Mill – government should work for
good of all its citizensgood of all its citizens
Section 4: Section 4:
Living and Working ConditionsLiving and Working ConditionsLiving and Working ConditionsLiving and Working Conditions
HOLTHOLT
World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON24
Early Reform LawsEarly Reform LawsFactory Act – improved work conditions for childrenFactory Act – improved work conditions for children
Section 4: Section 4:
Living and Working ConditionsLiving and Working ConditionsLiving and Working ConditionsLiving and Working Conditions
HOLTHOLT
World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON25
Collective ActionCollective ActionStrikes – workers protest by refusing to workStrikes – workers protest by refusing to workUnions – workers’ associations to bargain on Unions – workers’ associations to bargain on
workers’ behalfworkers’ behalf
Section 4: Section 4:
Living and Working ConditionsLiving and Working ConditionsLiving and Working ConditionsLiving and Working Conditions
HOLTHOLT
World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON26
Objectives:Objectives: Describe the type of society that early socialists wanted to Describe the type of society that early socialists wanted to
establish.establish. Explain how Robert Owen put his socialist beliefs into Explain how Robert Owen put his socialist beliefs into
action.action. Explain what Karl Marx believed would happen to the Explain what Karl Marx believed would happen to the
capitalist world of the 1880s.capitalist world of the 1880s. Identify some of the competing ideas that arose out of Identify some of the competing ideas that arose out of
Marxism.Marxism.
Section 5: Section 5:
SocialismSocialismSocialismSocialism
HOLTHOLT
World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON27
SocialismSocialismUtopian socialists – believed people could live Utopian socialists – believed people could live
peacefully with each other and work for the peacefully with each other and work for the common goodcommon good
Owen – “villages of cooperation;” built homes and Owen – “villages of cooperation;” built homes and schools for workersschools for workers
Section 5: Section 5:
SocialismSocialismSocialismSocialism
HOLTHOLT
World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON28
The Theories of Karl MarxThe Theories of Karl MarxBelieved production would stop without workersBelieved production would stop without workers
Section 5: Section 5:
SocialismSocialismSocialismSocialism
HOLTHOLT
World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON29
Variations of SocialismVariations of SocialismCommunismCommunismDemocratic socialismDemocratic socialism
Section 5: Section 5:
SocialismSocialismSocialismSocialism