Histology of the Male Histology of the Male

Genital SystemGenital System

Histology of the Male Histology of the Male

Genital SystemGenital System

The Male Genital SystemThe Male Genital SystemThe Male Genital SystemThe Male Genital SystemThe male genital system consists of:The male genital system consists of:

1.1. Primary sex organPrimary sex organ: two testes.: two testes.2.2. Accessory sex organsAccessory sex organs: accessory glands : accessory glands

and excretory ducts.and excretory ducts.Accessory glands: seminal vesicle, Accessory glands: seminal vesicle, prostate, bulbo-urethral glands.prostate, bulbo-urethral glands.Excretory ducts: tubuli recti, rete testis, Excretory ducts: tubuli recti, rete testis, ductuli efferentes, epididymis, vas ductuli efferentes, epididymis, vas deferens, ampulla of vas deferens, deferens, ampulla of vas deferens, ejaculatory duct and urethra.ejaculatory duct and urethra.

The male genital system consists of:The male genital system consists of:1.1. Primary sex organPrimary sex organ: two testes.: two testes.2.2. Accessory sex organsAccessory sex organs: accessory glands : accessory glands

and excretory ducts.and excretory ducts.Accessory glands: seminal vesicle, Accessory glands: seminal vesicle, prostate, bulbo-urethral glands.prostate, bulbo-urethral glands.Excretory ducts: tubuli recti, rete testis, Excretory ducts: tubuli recti, rete testis, ductuli efferentes, epididymis, vas ductuli efferentes, epididymis, vas deferens, ampulla of vas deferens, deferens, ampulla of vas deferens, ejaculatory duct and urethra.ejaculatory duct and urethra.

The ProstateThe ProstateThe ProstateThe Prostate

The ProstateThe ProstateThe ProstateThe ProstateIt is the largest accessory genital gland It is the largest accessory genital gland in males.in males.

It is a compound tubulo-alveolar gland It is a compound tubulo-alveolar gland which is pierced by the prostatic urethra which is pierced by the prostatic urethra and ejaculatory ducts.and ejaculatory ducts.

The ducts of the gland opens open into The ducts of the gland opens open into the prostatic urethra.the prostatic urethra.

It has connective tissue stroma and It has connective tissue stroma and parenchyma.parenchyma.

It is the largest accessory genital gland It is the largest accessory genital gland in males.in males.

It is a compound tubulo-alveolar gland It is a compound tubulo-alveolar gland which is pierced by the prostatic urethra which is pierced by the prostatic urethra and ejaculatory ducts.and ejaculatory ducts.

The ducts of the gland opens open into The ducts of the gland opens open into the prostatic urethra.the prostatic urethra.

It has connective tissue stroma and It has connective tissue stroma and parenchyma.parenchyma.

The StromaThe StromaThe StromaThe StromaThe slender connective tissue capsule is The slender connective tissue capsule is composed of a richly vascularized, composed of a richly vascularized, dense irregular collagenous connective dense irregular collagenous connective tissue, interspersed with smooth muscles tissue, interspersed with smooth muscles fibers.fibers.

The stroma of the gland is derived from The stroma of the gland is derived from the capsule, so, it is rich in smooth the capsule, so, it is rich in smooth muscle fibers in addition to the normal muscle fibers in addition to the normal connective tissue.connective tissue.

The slender connective tissue capsule is The slender connective tissue capsule is composed of a richly vascularized, composed of a richly vascularized, dense irregular collagenous connective dense irregular collagenous connective tissue, interspersed with smooth muscles tissue, interspersed with smooth muscles fibers.fibers.

The stroma of the gland is derived from The stroma of the gland is derived from the capsule, so, it is rich in smooth the capsule, so, it is rich in smooth muscle fibers in addition to the normal muscle fibers in addition to the normal connective tissue.connective tissue.

The glandular parenchymaThe glandular parenchymaThe glandular parenchymaThe glandular parenchymaThe prostatic acini with irregular cavities The prostatic acini with irregular cavities varying in shape and size and epithelial lining varying in shape and size and epithelial lining which may be simple columnar or which may be simple columnar or pseudostratified columnar depending upon the pseudostratified columnar depending upon the activity of the gland.activity of the gland.The prostate is strongly positive for acid The prostate is strongly positive for acid phosphatase enzyme which is taken as phosphatase enzyme which is taken as indicator for the gland activity.indicator for the gland activity.The prostatic acini have characteristic The prostatic acini have characteristic prostatic concretion which are acidophilic prostatic concretion which are acidophilic concentric lamellae of accumulated secretions concentric lamellae of accumulated secretions that may be calcified in old age.that may be calcified in old age.

The prostatic acini with irregular cavities The prostatic acini with irregular cavities varying in shape and size and epithelial lining varying in shape and size and epithelial lining which may be simple columnar or which may be simple columnar or pseudostratified columnar depending upon the pseudostratified columnar depending upon the activity of the gland.activity of the gland.The prostate is strongly positive for acid The prostate is strongly positive for acid phosphatase enzyme which is taken as phosphatase enzyme which is taken as indicator for the gland activity.indicator for the gland activity.The prostatic acini have characteristic The prostatic acini have characteristic prostatic concretion which are acidophilic prostatic concretion which are acidophilic concentric lamellae of accumulated secretions concentric lamellae of accumulated secretions that may be calcified in old age.that may be calcified in old age.

Functions of the prostateFunctions of the prostateFunctions of the prostateFunctions of the prostateIt gives the fluid medium of the semen which It gives the fluid medium of the semen which contains:contains:

Hydrolytic enzymes which include acid Hydrolytic enzymes which include acid phosphatase and zinc which has two functions:phosphatase and zinc which has two functions:

1.1. Energy preserving effect on spermatozoa.Energy preserving effect on spermatozoa.

2.2. Protective effect against phagocytic cells in the Protective effect against phagocytic cells in the female genital tractfemale genital tract

But zinc content inside the prostate makes it But zinc content inside the prostate makes it liable to chronic bacterial inflammation due to liable to chronic bacterial inflammation due to inhibition of its own phagocytic cells.inhibition of its own phagocytic cells.

It gives the fluid medium of the semen which It gives the fluid medium of the semen which contains:contains:

Hydrolytic enzymes which include acid Hydrolytic enzymes which include acid phosphatase and zinc which has two functions:phosphatase and zinc which has two functions:

1.1. Energy preserving effect on spermatozoa.Energy preserving effect on spermatozoa.

2.2. Protective effect against phagocytic cells in the Protective effect against phagocytic cells in the female genital tractfemale genital tract

But zinc content inside the prostate makes it But zinc content inside the prostate makes it liable to chronic bacterial inflammation due to liable to chronic bacterial inflammation due to inhibition of its own phagocytic cells.inhibition of its own phagocytic cells.

Parts of the prostateParts of the prostateParts of the prostateParts of the prostate1.1. Prostate proper:Prostate proper:

1.1. Central zone.Central zone.2.2. Peripheral zone.Peripheral zone.

2.2. Transitional zone.Transitional zone.3.3. Periurethral tissue.Periurethral tissue.4.4. Prostatic utricle.Prostatic utricle.

The peripheral zone is the main site of the The peripheral zone is the main site of the prostatic carcinoma.prostatic carcinoma.The transitional zone is the main site for The transitional zone is the main site for benign prostatic hypertrophy which may benign prostatic hypertrophy which may compress the urethra causing urine retention.compress the urethra causing urine retention.

1.1. Prostate proper:Prostate proper:1.1. Central zone.Central zone.2.2. Peripheral zone.Peripheral zone.

2.2. Transitional zone.Transitional zone.3.3. Periurethral tissue.Periurethral tissue.4.4. Prostatic utricle.Prostatic utricle.

The peripheral zone is the main site of the The peripheral zone is the main site of the prostatic carcinoma.prostatic carcinoma.The transitional zone is the main site for The transitional zone is the main site for benign prostatic hypertrophy which may benign prostatic hypertrophy which may compress the urethra causing urine retention.compress the urethra causing urine retention.

1.1. Prostate properProstate proper: Both central and peripheral : Both central and peripheral zones lie posterior to the urethra and zones lie posterior to the urethra and anterior to the ejaculatory ducts. The central anterior to the ejaculatory ducts. The central zone is related to the neck of the urinary zone is related to the neck of the urinary bladder.bladder.

2.2. Transitional zoneTransitional zone: it lies anterior to the : it lies anterior to the peripheral part and resembles it except that peripheral part and resembles it except that its stroma is compact and fibrous.its stroma is compact and fibrous.

3.3. Periurethral tissuePeriurethral tissue: small glandular : small glandular diverticula of the upper part of the prostatic diverticula of the upper part of the prostatic urethra.urethra.

4.4. Prostatic utricleProstatic utricle: a small pouch located in the : a small pouch located in the seminal colliculus above the entrance of the seminal colliculus above the entrance of the ejaculatory duct. It is the remnant of fused ejaculatory duct. It is the remnant of fused mullarian ducts.mullarian ducts.

1.1. Prostate properProstate proper: Both central and peripheral : Both central and peripheral zones lie posterior to the urethra and zones lie posterior to the urethra and anterior to the ejaculatory ducts. The central anterior to the ejaculatory ducts. The central zone is related to the neck of the urinary zone is related to the neck of the urinary bladder.bladder.

2.2. Transitional zoneTransitional zone: it lies anterior to the : it lies anterior to the peripheral part and resembles it except that peripheral part and resembles it except that its stroma is compact and fibrous.its stroma is compact and fibrous.

3.3. Periurethral tissuePeriurethral tissue: small glandular : small glandular diverticula of the upper part of the prostatic diverticula of the upper part of the prostatic urethra.urethra.

4.4. Prostatic utricleProstatic utricle: a small pouch located in the : a small pouch located in the seminal colliculus above the entrance of the seminal colliculus above the entrance of the ejaculatory duct. It is the remnant of fused ejaculatory duct. It is the remnant of fused mullarian ducts.mullarian ducts.

Central (25%)Central (25%)Peripheral (75%)Peripheral (75%)

AciniAciniLarge, irregular, lined Large, irregular, lined by pseudostratified by pseudostratified columnar epith., pale columnar epith., pale nuclei, granular nuclei, granular acidophilic cytoplasmacidophilic cytoplasm

Small, regular, lined Small, regular, lined by simple columnar by simple columnar epith., dark nuclei, epith., dark nuclei, clear non-granular clear non-granular cytoplasmcytoplasm

StromaStromaSmooth muscle is Smooth muscle is compact with compact with streaming streaming arrangementarrangement

Smooth muscle is Smooth muscle is loose and loose and trabeculartrabecular

DuctsDuctsOpen in the upper part Open in the upper part of the urethraof the urethra

Open in the lower Open in the lower part of the urethrapart of the urethra

The PenisThe PenisThe PenisThe Penis

Erectile tissue of the PenisErectile tissue of the PenisErectile tissue of the PenisErectile tissue of the PenisThe erectile tissue of the three corpora of the The erectile tissue of the three corpora of the penis consists of irregular cavities lined by penis consists of irregular cavities lined by endothelium and separated by connective endothelium and separated by connective tissue trabeculae containing elastic fibers and tissue trabeculae containing elastic fibers and smooth muscle fibers and sensory nerve smooth muscle fibers and sensory nerve endings. The endothelial cavities are endings. The endothelial cavities are continuous with the arterial supply and venous continuous with the arterial supply and venous drainage.drainage.Erection is done by loss of muscle tone in the Erection is done by loss of muscle tone in the arterial walls that allow more blood to fill the arterial walls that allow more blood to fill the cavities of the erectile tissue, resulting in cavities of the erectile tissue, resulting in expansion of these cavities which compress expansion of these cavities which compress the veins and prevent its drainage and the veins and prevent its drainage and increase the size of the spongy penis resulting increase the size of the spongy penis resulting in erection.in erection.

The erectile tissue of the three corpora of the The erectile tissue of the three corpora of the penis consists of irregular cavities lined by penis consists of irregular cavities lined by endothelium and separated by connective endothelium and separated by connective tissue trabeculae containing elastic fibers and tissue trabeculae containing elastic fibers and smooth muscle fibers and sensory nerve smooth muscle fibers and sensory nerve endings. The endothelial cavities are endings. The endothelial cavities are continuous with the arterial supply and venous continuous with the arterial supply and venous drainage.drainage.Erection is done by loss of muscle tone in the Erection is done by loss of muscle tone in the arterial walls that allow more blood to fill the arterial walls that allow more blood to fill the cavities of the erectile tissue, resulting in cavities of the erectile tissue, resulting in expansion of these cavities which compress expansion of these cavities which compress the veins and prevent its drainage and the veins and prevent its drainage and increase the size of the spongy penis resulting increase the size of the spongy penis resulting in erection.in erection.

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