Hill -In the Police Wagon, in the Press, and in The Museum of Modern Art

7/24/2019 Hill -In the Police Wagon, in the Press, and in The Museum of Modern Art

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Hill

In he Police agon in he Press

and in he Museum o Modern r Noe on eegeesran Pape rresed or Homicide Noember

.

On Noember he merican phoographer eegee

made hree eposures o ran Pape momens aer he

sieen ear old as arraigned on homicide charges or he

accidenal srangling deah o a our-ear-old neighbor and as

he as escored ino a police agon ouside he Manhaan

Police Headquarers on Cenre Mare Place en roue o he

s Sree courhouse in he Bron.O hese he hird epo-

sure hich picures he oung Pape hrough he luminousl

ariculaed mesh o ha police agons graed rear indo

and is he basis or ran Pape rresed or Homicide Noember

fig. in he homas alher Collecion no sands

among he phoographers bes-non and mos idel col-leced and reproduced ors.his eposure is negaie

is seeral and maredl aried ieraions and he alher

Collecion prin in paricular ill be our subjec here. mong

he assured modernis compan i no eeps as par o he

alher Collecion o inerar phoographs hrough hose

acquisiion he picure no eners he Museum o Modern

r eegees ran Pape rresed or Homicide Noember

ma in is lol abloid origins and in he insrumenal

orhrighl opical subjec maer so plainl enumeraed

in is ile seem somehing o an oulier he chaff shuffled

deep ino an oherise ecellen lo. he as o he presen

essa ill be o demonsrae ha he alher CollecionPaperades in is on disincie and iali ernacu-

larmodernism and as such meris pride o place among

he collecion. I on is ace his picure appears o fi ino

he alher Collecions sor o modern phoograph onl

b irue o some sha morpholog e migh eae ino is

capured oreground mesh an ecursion ino his picures

inard dephs and ouard projecions as he relae o

he press and o he Museum beras deeper ies o phoo -

graphic modernism a is mos compelling.

Bu in order o al sensibl o he alher CollecionPapeand is disincie modernism i is firs necessar o

address hose firs o eposures eegee made a PoliceHeadquarers he firs and second in ha as aer all

a sequence o hree: o eposures ha resuled in gloss

b inch . b . cenimeer prins inended or

press ha so ar as I can deermine ere neer published

and hich hae since disappeared ino obscuri among

he phoographers archie a he Inernaional Cener o

Phoograph. he firs o hese b s fig. alhough

no ihou is pleasures he sad ambialence regisered

on Papes ace he aard delicac ih hich he os

ih his cap he encroaching elbo a righ announcing he

crodedness o he phoographic field here is uerl banal.I is phoojournalism as generall undersood an osensi-

bl uncomplicaed documen relaing he nesorh een

is composiion dicaed onl b he inormaional concern

o Papes biersee apprehension in he ae o he alse

accusaion o he icims older broher.he second epo-

sure fig. offering an oblique ie ono he scene ih is

dense cluser o cops and cameramen peering mainl ino

he police agon conaining Pape is raher more compel-

ling and more recogniable as a eegee picure. Bu i his

laer image aes on a heme more or less conenional

fig. eegee rhur ellig. ran Pape rresed or Homicide Noember .Noember . elain siler prin " . . cm. heMuseum o Modern r Ne or. homas alher Collecion. i o Ma anoand Nihon aiei Shimbun b echange MoM .. eegeeInernaional Cener o Phoographe Images
http://www.moma.org/interactives/objectphoto/artists/1842.htmlhttp://www.moma.org/interactives/objectphoto/objects/83939.htmlhttp://www.moma.org/interactives/objectphoto/objects/83939.htmlhttp://www.moma.org/interactives/objectphoto/artists/1842.html


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or he phoographer in is coupling o some nesorh

een and he specaorship i has produced e migh

hin o s Murder on he oo or Car Crash Upper ih

e.here is much ha is unusual in i oo.

B eegee as o course an accomplished

chronicler o he peopled ineriors o police agons si

ears beore he as alread circulaing phoographs ohimsel saioned ihin one in one case ih he capion

m sudio penned b hand ino he margin o he prin

fig. .Indeed beeen and eegee produced

no eer han en picures and surel man more aing

on he subjec in all is magnificen arie.Bu i is onl

ih his he second eposure o Noember ha

he ops o orego he agons implicaed occupan enirel

in order o phoograph is poral rom he side o picure

insead he police and his cohor in he phoographic press

ho aciel consiue he insiuional machiner ha

has afforded him his rademar subjec. his second prin

amouns o a momenar rebellion agains he er ideaieraed in he firs. e obsere a ihdraal rom he

conenional subjec o press phoograph rom he crimi-

nal bod ha is mared as nes and insead iness a

redirecion oard he condiions o la phoograph and

journalism ha in heir cooperaion produce ha bodasnes.I he firs eposure perormed phoojournalism

he second perormed somehing hain is analsis o

is on mediaing procedures and he srucures suppor-

ing heme migh mae sense o as ar een as modern

ar a leas as ha field o acii as so influeniall

fig. eegee rhur ellig. Man scoring ran Pape rresed or Srangling Bo oDeah Ne or. Noember . elain siler prin " . . cm.Inernaional Cener o Phoograph. Beques o ilma ilco. eegeeInernaional Cener o Phoographe Images

fig. eegee rhur ellig. Police and phoographers ih ran Pape rresed orSrangling Bo o Deah Ne or. Noember . elain siler prin ". . cm. Inernaional Cener o Phoograph. Beques o ilma ilco. eegeeInernaional Cener o Phoographe Images

fig. eegee rhur ellig. M Sudio Parol agon. c. . elain siler prin " . . cm. Inernaional Cener o Phoograph. Beques o ilma ilco. eegeeInernaional Cener o Phoographe Images


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ormulaed b osalind rauss as he objecificaion o he

ormal consiuens o a gien medium maing hese begin-

ning ih he er ground ha is he origin o heir eisence

he objecs o ision.Bu or all his he picure is sill no

alogeher saising as a picure and no opical cerainl

no as a nes picure is obscuri hen as no does

no surprise.

I eegee enerained such modern concernsand

he did he dilemma hen remained: ho o snhesie

he operaions o he firs and second eposures hich is

o sa he operaions o hose classicallincommensurable

procedures o journalism and modernism ino a single sais-

ing and coheren phoographic record? he hird and final

eposure a Police Headquarers ha da hich is parl

regisered in he alher Collecion prin ields eegees

soluion: o phoograph he nesorh bod ran Papes

bod such ha i as a subjec o journalism reained is

on insrumenal isibili he isibili o he firs eposure

no heighened b Papes unmisaabl carceral habia bu

also such ha his isibili is obsruced and hereore com-

plicaed b ha o he organiing riad o la phoograph

and journalism ha as he subjec o he second bu sill

inadequae eposure as ell.

In he hird eposure all o his is in place and more

han adequae. or insigh ino his hird and las eposure

no an prin jus e jus he eposure he illul chemical

capure o ocused ligh ha precedes an paricular prin

and is success on his score e reer o he Sid aplan

prin a he Meropolian Museum o r erroneousl iledeenage Bo rresed or Srangling a ile irlfig. our

mos iid documen o eegees negaie fig. . ha

e find here is precisel he conergence o a criminal bod

and he la mapped and indeed flaened b he refleced

glare o phoojournalisms proper or. eegee i is clear

rom he eidence o he second eposure has aied or he

agons mesh door o be shu and or hings o sele ino

place in order o capure he ouardl defian bu obiouslscared oung Pape pinched a he orhogonal conergence

o alls spare ire and bench in he agons rear corner as

i refleiel ihdran rom he pinsriped gangser com-

manding his space a oreground le.nd he oreground

mesh guaranees he ac o his incarceraion. ll o his on

is ace accumulaes o proide a more elegan narraie

relaion o he acs regisered in ha firs eposure. Bu

eegees handling o ha oreground mesh accomplishes

much more. eegee as a phoographer eenl aler o he

properies o flash and o he een ha he oreground

meshno coequal ih he picure planesignifies

incarceraion in is pronounced hieness he mesh iselas anhing bu hie i mus also ariculae he burs o

eegees on flashbulb and in is gridded planari he rad-

ical flaness o he nespapers page hich ould beas

eegee ell undersood his picures primar suppor

hrough hose hal-oned mari Pape ould emerge as a

figure o public ineres.

I in he negaies ull field as encounered hrough

he aplan prin Pape is shon o be ramed b phoogra-

ph ihin he maerial enanglemens o he legal ssem

he picures ocal poin he diamond-shaped porrai a

is core isolaes and reinorces as is cenral concern he

conergence o Papes bod he seel cage ha houses himand eplosie flash. he isolaion o ha ocal poin a once

miigaes he deerminan orce o Papes neighbor and

more imporanl eliminaes surplus daa abou he mae-

rial characer o ha incarceraing seel mesh in a sense

ransubsaniaing i ino somehing closer o incriminaing

flash ligh he glare b hich Pape is o ener ino public

raher han simpl insiuional lie as a criminal. nd i

is his ocal poin again a he conergence o criminal

bod police seel and flashand hus his heme ha is

isolaed in he negaies cropping as i appears in he prin

fig. eegee rhur ellig. eenage Bo rresed or Srangling a ile irl. .elain siler prin " . . cm. he Meropolian MuseumNe or. Gift of Aaron and Jessica Rose. eegeeInernaional Cenero Phoographe Images. Digial image: he Meropolian Museum o rresource N..

fig. eegee rhur ellig. ran Pape rresed or Srangling Bo o Deah Neor. Phoographic negaie digiall scanned and inered " . .cm. Inernaional Cener o Phoograph. eegeeInernaional Cener oPhoographe Images


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no held b he Museum o Modern r. Bu can his selec-

ie priileging o ha seems o be he mos modern ocal

poinhe ocal poin ha permis his reading ha uses

journalisic narraie efficienc and modernis concern ih

he echnological maerial and social condiions srucuring

criminali and is phoographic mediaionbe said o enjo

an ind o inerpreie priori? Prins reflecing iruall

eer conceiable cropping o he negaie can be readil

locaed in merican museums and based on he eidence

gahered hrough a sure o hose prins i ould seem

ha each prining as inormed b a oall disinc sense

o ha mos maers in his picure see ppendi . Is he

presen reading merel a misreading ha suffers rom an

anachronisic sensibili corruped b he picures proim-

i o is resoluel modernis phoographic neighbors in he

alher Collecion?

I mus be obsered ha aplans prin or eegees

negaie ill no be our bes guide o his picure cerainl

no hen e are dealing ih phoographs produced or he

press. he firs and cleares measure o he complicaions

ha arise in reading he negaie as an indicaion o phoo-graphic purpose can be seen in he holding is upper

le corner. his is he propriear recorda sor o mea-

daaburned ino he negaie b he film holder proided

o eegee b is publishing nespaper he s progres-

sie Ne orabloid PM. I is a race o journalisms ssem

o accouning or is maerial inesmen in he producion

o is phoographers. PM e can surmise had proided

eegee a..a. rhur ellig ih some number o film

holders conaining in his case asman Sae oda

film. his eposure as s fi-eighh.hile his daum

is o clear alue in racing he hisor o press-phoographic

procedure in erms o an gien picure is presence ellsus more abou ha he phoographer inended o eclude

han include. eegee ould hae been conscious o here

he mar ould appear on he negaie as he obsered his

subjec hrough his iefinder and hus e can surmise

ha he inended or some significan porion o he op le

or op and le o he eposed field o be ecluded rom he

prin and is subsequen pos-reprographic presenaion.

eegee his is o sa as raming his image no a he limi

ariculaed b he iefinder bu b some narroer limi

inernalied b proessional habi.

his business o raming ihin he iefinder as o

course in isel no in an a unusual. Bu i is orh con-sidering he quesion o ho ha limi as deerminedo

ha condiions shaped his habi. eegees connecion oPM he nespaper ha had proided he film holders ha

eched heir accouning ssem ino his or as more

han casual and PM a nespaper launched in as an

eplici argumen agains he reacionar isual poliics

dominaing he Ne or media landscapeas anhing

bu an ordinar Ne or abloid.Published ihou

aderising PMchampioned he Ne Deal and he CIO and

promoed such unimel causes as he inegraion o he U.S.

miliar and he improemen o menal healh aciliies and

public schools in Ne or is crusading aciis journal-

ism aing adanage o sophisicaed isual argumenaion

in he ein o such Popular ron illusraed periodicals in

inerar urope as rbeien Illusriere eiungu or Ce soir

or closer o home sering as a dail ieraion o he ehos

animaing more local shor-lied leis merican magaines

such as Direcionen orPhoo-Hisor. hereas or eam-

ple isuall innoaie publicaions such as ani air orHarpers Baaarma hae promoed he ashions sold a he

imbels deparmen sore during hese ears PM ould op

insead o mobilie is on picorial innoaion in he promo-

ion o he ineress o he oung omen saffing imbelss

sales couners and o challenge oherise nauralied epec-

aions abou gender and dress.

rhur ellig came ino eisence as eegee as an

auhor and maer o phoographic meaning in his ab-

loids pages here or he firs ime his or as rouinel

credied b name and here he rouinel roe abou his

or under his on bline. PM as also he nespaper o

hich his or as dedicaed b a conrac graning heabloid priori beginning in June . o haeer een

e can no ha eegee produced his hird eposure o

Pape ih he ac o PMs noaional ssem ha

as a raming ssem in mind hen e can also sa ha he

produced his picure ih PM isel as a raming ssem in

ie. In PMs case his mean more han i migh ih oher

periodicals o he era: his as a publicaion ih an unusu-

all nuanced engagemen ih he compleiies o he social

relaions upon hich i repored. I as also a abloid ih a

clear commimen o eegee as a comple auhorial oice

o he larger creaie auhori o is phoographers and o

he programmaic criical analsis o press phoograph asa communicaie raher han simpl documenar ech-

nolog.idence in suppor o hese commimenshe

commimens raming eegees ieperades PMs

archie bu or he sae o brei I adance our documens

rom he momen o his abloids mauri: one pub-

lished and speaing direcl o eegees case anoher an

inernal documen circulaed among PMs ediors and spea-

ing o ha nespapers phoographic culure in general and

a hird and ourh reaing he papers analical aiude

oard he procedures o press-phoographic argumen and

he neus o phoograph and criminali more generall.

1. Ouardl PMs suppor o eegee as a disinc and care-

ul ramer o press-phoographic meaning as epressed

mos orceull in he papers March eaure on he

phoographer hose prolific si-ear relaionship ih PM

began ih he publicaion o a car-rec picure in he

abloids second official issue June . In eegee

ies or His or and hins Beore Shooing eeend

phoo edior alph Seiner emphasied eegees reusal o

priilege he objecie recording o nesorh eens oer

he picorial regisraion o his on inerpreie ransacion
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ih hose eens see ppendi . our pages he firs

o a porolio o eegees crime picures he laer o

Seiners lengh essa accompanied b hree o eegees

sel-porrais i as he longes eaure eer prined b

he paper on an indiidual phoographer and he onl o

Seiners man columns o eclusiel eaure a regularPM conribuor ohers reaed phoographers rom eis

Hine and Jimm Hare o Marion Pos and Helen ei.

roubling an enrenched inerar undersanding o press

phoograph as a disembodied iruall auomaic record

o eens and reuing Jeff alls subsequen similar and

highl influenial claim ha he orm o phoojournalisms

proision is dicaed solel b pro-phoographic inciden

Seiners e labors o emphasie eegees ambialen

negoiaion ih journalisms emporal and opical impera-

ies imperaies or hich readers are old eegee

has er lile respec.he picures ha eegee brings

up ou o his incidenal encouners ihin he licenious

orld ha he inhabis Seiner eplains do no depend

enirel on he drama o he een. he are good because

eegee adds a lile o himsel and a lile o eegee isreall somehing.

.his commimen o phoographic auhorship a PM

as neiher unique o Seiner nor eclusie in is purie

o eegee i as a maer o inernal ediorial polic ha

dicaed phoographers deermine he condiions under

hich heir or ould be reproduced in prin. Consider

he language o PMs ounder edior and publisher alph

Ingersoll a dissiden ormer ime Inc. eecuie edior-

in-chie o orune during is Depression-era phoographic

heda and earl archiec o ie ho had pared ih he

uce empire oer a dispue concerning nohing less hanhe alleged neurali o he phoographic medium in is

engagemen ih comple ruhs abou he orld.In a

Ma inernal memo iled nnouncing a Ne Deal or

Phoographers see ppendi Ingersoll declared: No

paper eer en in business ih more sincere ambiion o

mae isel a place here phoographers could ge more

saisacion ou o heir or. he ere he are no simpl

an imporan bu a ial and inegral par o he er idea oPMha i ould rie sories in phoographs as repor-

ers roe hem in ords. his is he language o cra o

he maing o hings o or and o riing sories hose

pracices o manual inscripion bearing he indelible race oheir maer. More han cra hough nes phoograph or

Ingersoll and his ediors as also ar a a ime hen he ar

in a nespapers ar deparmen as generall confined

o he anonmous labor o phoo-correcie reouching.

ecogniing ha he fledgling paper had so ar allen shor in

realiing his phoographic ambiions or i Ingersoll ses ou

o acle he problem ih miliar eal and offers a number

o remedies including he pracice o arisic criicism

and a monhl meeing here here ill be a discussion o

acual picures hich e ill hold up and loo a beore e

al abou hem.he memo urher insiss ha phoo edi-

ors be called o accoun in he een ha he phoographers

direcions or cropping ere no olloed.

.his press-phoographic conergence o auhorial des-

ignaion and creaie conrol can be shon o hae been a

sraegic componen in PMs larger and maredl refleie

phoo-analical machiner hose purpose eended ell

beond he celebraion o an one indiidual arisic per-

sona. PMas insisen abou he phoographers auhori

because i undersood ha an journalisic rheoric ha

obscured or ignored he phoographers role in he consruc-

ion o meaning presened dire riss o he healh o public

discourse.Oen his sraeg as adanced ih a ligh

ouch as as he case ih PMs Januar publica-

ion o a phoograph o a grea sno heap under he headline

he Sorm asn eall his Bad see ppendi .

he capion proceeds o eplain ha olloing a prediced

bu unrealied bliard he phoographer had been ou

aer sno picures bu finding lile in he a o acual

sno mahem he had seled insead or a plo-gaheredsno ban. o mae i loo orse he capion coninues

eegee pu his camera on he sree and sho upard.PMs message is clear: press phoographs accoun o he

orld is one inelucabl shaped b phoographic agenc

proessional habi and ediorial disposiion.

4.Bu he saes o his message ere requenl much

higher han a maeshi snodri. Consider PMs criical

assessmen published jus si ees earlier o he marshal-

ing o press phoograph b he Nai organ Berliner Illusriere

eiungin is reporing on he arres o so-called criminal

Jeish poao-hoarders hidden in a secre . . . cae ci inoccupied Poland see ppendi .PM begins is discus-

sion b noing he ie-lie circulaion o . million readers

or he erman illusraed eel hereb ocusing is on

readers aenion on he eraordinar communicaie reach

and poer o he picure press.PM hen proceeds o eplain

ha i has reproduced o pages rom BIs sor in order

o sho he ind o picorial repors prined in erman

ih he blessings o he Propaganda minisr.In his case

asPM eplains BIs presumable purpose is o sho ho

cleer he ran Nai soldiers are and ho hieing and non-

ran Polish Jes are.Bu PM reads agains his grain o

obsere he sors effecieness insead as a documen ohe brualiing poer in Nai-conrolled Poland careull

parsing he srucure o BIs endenious oula o phoo-

graphic eidence in he consrucion o is argumen: he

erman reader is supposed o beliee ha he phoographer

jus happened along on his scoop. Bu all he picures seem

o hae been careull posed. his is quie eiden rom he

picure o he old Je enering he secre poao sorejus

a he proper momen o be snapped.BIs consrucion

hrough phoograph o criminali here here is onl

brualiing poer and ssemaic persecuion is shon o
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6Hill

urn eclusiel on he eidence o he phoographer

he auhori o hose unspoen phoographic acii is

demonsraed b PMo be enirel dubious. ha BIpres-

ens as an een recorded b phoograph as i here had

been no inerenion on he par o he camera operaor is

shon b PMo be insead an een produced in concer

ih he occuping orces and ulimael BIs ediors pre-

cisel or phoograph.BIs reporing is predicaed on

is reusal o locae he phoographer as an agen in he

producion o meaning i is no he phoographer bu he

phoographic image ha BIpresens o bear he burden o

eideniar proo.

PMs hen as a head press-phoographic program

del naigaing he comple isual poliics o is momen

and sanding a some real disance rom an all-oo-

enrenched posmodern caricaure o midcenur abloid

phoojournalism as homogeneous in is naie insrumenal-

i and one hose commimens can onl hae infleced

eegees pracice during he ears o his inolemen

ih he abloid. Indeed his or as cenral o ha pro-grams elaboraion.

Bu PMs as no he onl phoographic program ram-

ing eegees ie in . Jus eigh ees prior o his isi

o Police Headquarers ha Noember fie o eegees

phoographs had been proudl on displa a he Museum

o Modern r as par o he phoographic secion o he

Museums enormousl popular fieenh-anniersar ehi-

biion r in Progresshe ehibiion isel ran rom Ma

o Ocober ih he phoograph secion closing

Sepember . ll fie ehibied picures i mus be no-

ed ere b par o MoMs collecion and all bu one

had been preiousl published in PM hree o hem opi-call as journalism and a ourh hose aing pre-daedPM as par o an essa on emoion in nes phoograph.

nd hile his as no he firs ime ha eegees or

had been ehibied a MoM our prins had been pre-

sened as par o Nanc Nehalls cion Phoograph sho

o ugusSepember i as he firs o presen

eegee as a major phoographer in his on righ raher

han as a represenaie o some generic endenc.

eegee a phoographer hen ih he Modern er

much in mind in Noember had seen plen a r

in Progressha sood o inorm he paricular cas o his

on journalisicall idiosncraic reamen o ran Papesincarceraion. here eegee ould hae encounered

he phoographic analsis o he proscenium as a screen

in Henri Carier-Bressons oman eaning hrough Door

in Charles Sheelers he Open Door Doleson Pa.

and perhaps mos salienl gien his phoogra-

phers imporance o eegees on Phoo eague milieu

in Paul Srands indo hos on ed ier Ne Meico

.eegee ould hae seen he modern prioriiaion

o shado geomer planari ericali and surace in

Man as aograph in sl Mohol-Nags rom

he adio oer and and in his on edior alph

Seiners merican ural Baroque . eegee demon-

srabl een o be considered a MoM-caliber phoographer

and in possession o a supremel sharp i proessionall

specific phoographic inelligence ould hae been liel

o noe in MoMs curaorial prioriies a endenc oard

linear geomer ariculaed high-conras planari and

he hemaics o he poral as an analogue or he phoo-

graphic planeall mois plainl on ie in Pape.here

is hen eer reason o beliee ha MoM as inflecing

eegees pracice as a press phoographer a leas as much

as his press phoograph as a his same momen inflec-

ing MoM. In eegees case in an binar ha holds

hese ormaions a ba and an commonsense assumpion

ha eegee as someho appropriaed o modernism

subsequen o his era-aesheic journalisic achieemen

jus doesn hold aer.

B briefl considering anoher phoograph eegee

ould hae seen a r in Progress one ha as in ac

hung jus inches rom his on or in ha shos insalla-

ion e can see ih paricular clari he enuousness ohe commonl held noion ha he ar museum upgraded

press phoograph o an ar a some poin subsequen o

he ulfillmen o is pedesrian journalisic uncion. isee

Models Nice fig. hen iled rench Sree Scene

firs came o he aenion o he Ne or phoograph

orld o ears aer Model arried in Ne or hen she

isied alph Seiner a PMs office in earl seeing

darroom or here. s nne homas has relaed Seiner

reieed he oung phoographers porolio includingNice a lae addiion o a series ha Model had published

in egards as an indicmen o he rench bourgeoisie and

insanl reused her he job seeing her as a phoographerildl oerqualified or such menial or.Seiner pro-

ceeded o inroduce Model o lee Brodoich a Harpers

Baaar ho quicl offered her an assignmen and o

Beaumon Nehall curaor o MoMs nel esablished

Deparmen o Phoograph ho jus as quicl included

Model and Nicein his deparmens inaugural ehibiionSi Phoographs December Januar and

successull recommended Nice and anoher prin or pur-

chase b he Museum or is collecion. Onl hen ihNicefirml sancioned as a MoM or did PMpublish

he phoograph as a or o journalism including he

image in a phooessa on Januar offering a isualaccouning o h rance ell fig. .hen ha essa

became he jusifiable arge o sharp criicism in PMs le-

ers page he olloing ee Onl he Nais up o no

obsered one reader hae used he ric o singling ou a

e paricularl disgusing specimens o humani . . . and

saing: oo a hese sub-human beass such are he

Jes. PMs Sunda edior Bill McCleer deended he

essa precisel on he basis o Models MoM-sancioned

saus as an aris and no a documener o isible acsas

he press phoographer migh oherise be conenionall


7/15

7Hill

undersood: renchoman came o us ih a se o ecel-

len picuresone o hich is in he Museum o Modern

rs collecion McCleer conended. hese picures ereher eplanaion o h rance ell. he ere no our epla-

naion. he ere no a complee eplanaione don

hin anbod has urned up a complee eplanaion e.

Phoographs in PM i is clear ere no o be undersood as

indos ono he orld conaining heir on echnologicall

grounded guaranees raher he ere argumens hose

srenghs mus be measured on he basis o heir maers

inelligence and ision. he ere as John Sarosi

ould laer hae i as much mirrors as indos. nd hile

Models picure hich again hung jus ne o eegees

on a r in Progress in operaes on a er differen

ormal regiser han Pape e discoer in is social lie asan objec in racing is circuious braided paha ino

MoM and ono he nespapers pagea model or hoPM eegee and he museum ere oring ogeher in

hese ears o culiae one er mess albei saising

arian o phoographic modernism ha as careul een cal-

culaing in is bridging o aesheic and journalisic concerns.PM and MoM hen can be said ih some real plau-

sibili o hae been equall presen orces in he raming o

eegees ie ouside Police Headquarers on Noember

and he confluence o hese orces can be seen in

PMs publicaion o Pape on Noember here he picure

made is debu as a maer o public concern fig. . he

abloids and hereore as e hae seen eegees presen-aion is sriing on a number o leels bu or our presen

purpose i suffices o noe simpl he unusuall rich quali

o he reproducioni as prined lie all o PMs picures

hrough a sae-o-he-ar process ha presered he onal

quali o he source image o a degree unprecedened in

dail nes publishingand more unusuall or PM he

images monumenal occupaion o our ou o fie columns

o he abloids page. his as a picure PM undersood

ha meried grand displa een i on a rida and een on

page such presenaion has o maer o our analsis o

eegees phoograph. or eegee he PM page operaed as

a ial surace or he presenaion o his or.

Consider he phoographers sel-porrai fig. ha

as published as par o he Seiner eaure menioned aboe

surrounded as he is b he maerials o his or. here e

find ha eegeein his saged-or-prin sel-presena-

ionis as liel o surround himsel ih his phoographs as

orn rom he pages o PM as he is ih he prins o his or

ha ere produced in he papers darroom or ehibiion. I

is a sel-presenaion ha calls o mindi onl o compli-

cae. D. Colemans imporan argumen abou eegees

peculiar saus as a prinmaer:

fig. isee Model. Nice. . elain siler prin " . . cm.he Museum o Modern r Ne or. ien anonmousl. sae o iseeModel coures Baudoin ebon aller Paris and eielman aller Brussels

fig. isee Model. Page rom h rance ell. PM. Januar . CouresInernaional Cener o Phoograph. 2014 Estate of Lisette Model, courtesyBaudoin Lebon Gallery, Paris and eielman aller Brussels


8/15

8Hill

or eegee . . . a phoographic prin as usuall nohing more

han a b-produc. eegees prins sered as he marices

rom hich halone and graure prining plaes ere made b

ohers or reproducion in magaines boos and nespapers.

eegee inended hese mass-produced muliples and nohe phoographic prins hemseles o be he final orms

o his imager. . . . He did no epec or inend his or o be

eperienced in he orm o phoographic prins.

hile Coleman clearl oersaes his case is--is

eegees aiude oard prins made or ehibiion in

cerain oher undamenal respecs his assessmen o jus

here e migh locae inerpreie priori in our encouner

ih eegees or holds up as ell oda as i did hen

i firs appeared ih he emergence o his phoographers

images on he ar mare in . I is as Coleman conends

crucial ha e heed more closel han has been he habihe operaional circulaor lie o picures produced b pro-

essional press phoographers lie eegee. Had Coleman

onl reused his eiheror a o hining abou eegees

acii as a phoographer hich eliminaes enirel he pos-

sibili ha es someimes eegee inended his prins o

be more han a b-produc he ould be enirel righ in his

sill noel and necessar suggesion ha he reprographic

ieraion o he press phoographers or mus compel

aenion in an aemp o undersand ha phoographers

pracice. Bu he case is more ineresing han ha since

eegee himsel did no enerain Colemans binar and

insead embraced here i suied him boh possibiliies. s

much can be ascerained b reerence o ha PM bedroom

sel-porrai. here e ill noe ha o he hree phoo-

graphs eegee has hung as displa prins in his bedroom

in earl o corresponded o picures enemen ire

and Saloon Bral ha as prins ere ehibied a eegeesMurder Is M Business ehibiion a he Phoo eague ha

ugus ould ener he collecion o MoM soon aer

as enemen ireould do in Ma or boh hile

hose phoographs ha hung as page ears ma hae been

undersood o uncion more effeciel ihin heir sur-

rounding alphabeic cone or page design. eegee had a

more-han-passing ineres in his phoographs presena-

ion as prins bu no an eclusie one. e migh hen reise

Coleman o read ha eegee inended mass-produced

muliples and phoographic prins o be he final orms o

his imager.

So here do e posiion he alher Collecion Pape

in all his? Beond he basic aending acs o is relaiel

clear proenance he prin bears lile eidence o ison maerial hisor. Modes reouching aspires o he cor-

recion o a fla naie o he negaie isible on ha ould

be he lobe o Papes le ear bu here is no indicaion o

hen or or ha purpose his correcion as inroduced.

Nohing abou he prin beras he dae o is prining bu

e hae seen ha eegee ho rouinel produced or had

produced b inch prins or press as alread maing

larger prins or ehibiion beginning in he earl s. He

also prined prolificall rom his PM-era negaies hrough-

ou his laer lie. e do no ha he alher CollecionPapeas sold b eegees ido ilma ilco direcl o

Hendri Berinsons galler in Berlin someime beore ilcomade her beques o he eegee esae o he Inernaional

Cener o Phoograph in .ccording o Berinson he

sold he prin o homas alher someime in he lae

s.Nohing confirms or precludes ha i as prined

during he period o eegees posiioning ihin he museo-

journalisic dialogue so ar described.

e can hoeer and ih our reised undersanding o

Colemans argumen in mind enerain one connecion

lining he alher prin o his paricular bridging o jour-

nalisic and aesheic agendaso MoM and PMas he

condiions raming eegees ie. Should e accep ha

he Pape image ha appeared in PMs ediion o Noember holds a posiion o somehing lie he or a final orm o

his phoograph and is he one ha mos compleel crs-

allies eegees disincie brand o modernism a he

momen o is producion hen he paricular dimensions o

he alher Collecion Papeae on a noable i elsehere

unesed significance. boe e obsered ha PMassigned

unprecedened auhori o is phoographers in deermin-

ing he condiions o heir ors presenaion ihin he

abloids pages ih paricular agenc graned concerning

he quesion o cropping. e can surmise hen ha he

fig. Neighbor Bo dmis ing Bobb Drach. PM. Noember . CouresNe-or Hisorical Socie


9/15

9Hill

image as i appeared in PM refleced ih some precision

eegees inenions or he picure. he cropping o he

alher Collecion Papesubsaniall i ineacl mimics

he picures ormal organiaion and hus is hemaic prior-

i as i appeared in he presshich is o sa ha he prin

he Museums and modernisms priileged objec appears

o deer no o he negaie bu o he ephemeral opicalabloid page ih is indusriall machined reproducion or

is sancion. Bu here is more: Papeas i as encounered

b PMs readers measures b inches . b

cenimeers. nd hile PMs cropping rom he negaie

is a bi igher i is no or nohing ha he alher prin

measures b inches . b . cenimeers er

nearl approimaing boh he b inch dimensions con-

enional o he abloid phooengraers mari prin bu also

and more imporanl he images dramaic dimensions as

i finall commanded PMs page. his prin in approimaing

he scale o is images appearance in PM so oo approi-

maes ha no primar images spaial claim on he nes

readers isual fieldprecisel he presenaional scale o a

remarable PM nes phoograph b a MoM-caliber pho-

ographer circa .PMs publicaion o his picure as nes a he leel o

presenaion resaged is inernal srucural snhesis ojournalism and modernism b offering i in one and he same

sroe as boh a documen o a oung mans arres and an

ecepional ormal phoographic achieemen boh social

or and camera or o borro lan rachenbergs

useul heurisic diide.his shouldn surprise: ha diide

asn alas all ha clear. his Papes presen housing a

he Museum o Modern r is more han appropriae finall

gien he insiuions on imporan or mudding hese

paricular and alas less-han-clear phoographic aers.

fig. eegee rhur ellig. eegee ing on Bed in His Sudio Ne or. .elain siler prin " . . cm. Inernaional Cener o Phoograph. eegeeInernaional Cener o Phoographe Images
http://www.moma.org/interactives/objectphoto/materials/material_analysis.html#paper-formathttp://www.moma.org/interactives/objectphoto/materials/material_analysis.html#paper-format


10/15

10Hill

ppendi his prin made b Sid aplan in seen as ell in figure shos heenire ie o eegees original negaie or he hird eposure he oo o ran Papein Noember . Colored rames indicae he cropping o prins no in ariouscollecions deried rom he negaie: Sid aplans porolio o eegees prinsInernaional Cener o Phoograph Ne or red ran Pape rresed or HomicideJ. Paul e Museum os ngeles blue Sieen-ear-Old Bo ho Srangled a our-

ppendi alph Seiner. eegee ies or His or and hins Beore Shooing.PM. March . Coures Inernaional Cener o Phoograph

ear-Old Child o Deah Museum o ine rs Boson dar green ran Pape rresedor Homicide Noember Naional aller o r ashingon D.C. bronran Pape rresed or Homicide Noember he Museum o Modern r Neor orange ran Pape rresed or Srangling Bo o Deah Ne or InernaionalCener o Phoograph ello he image as i as firs published in PM hiehe image as i appeared in eegees booNaed Ci ligh green.


11/15

1Hill

ppendi alph Ingersoll. nnouncing a Ne Deal or Phoographers. Inernal PMmemo Ma . Nieman oundaion Harard Uniersi Cambridge Mass.


12/15

12Hill

ppendi he Sorm asn eall his Bad. PM. Januar . CouresInernaional Cener o Phoograph

ppendi Nais Picure aid in Polish heo Caern. PM. Januar .Coures Inernaional Cener o Phoograph


13/15

13Hill

. On Ocober our-

ear-old Bill Drach as ound

b his aher and eigh-ear-old

broher Bobb bound and gagged

in he basemen o he aparmen

building here he amil lied.

Iniiall Bobb conessed ha

he had ied Bill up hile pla-

ing commando and he police

ruled he deah accidenal. he

Drach amil hoeer pressed

or urher inesigaion hich

ulimael led o he conession

o Pape ho lied nearb. Pape

said ha he had aned o mimic

a scene rom a moie he had jus

seen had ound Bill draing ih

chal on he sree and had ased

him an o pla ie-up? s he

abloid sor ha accompanied

he publicaion o eegees pho-

ograph recouns see fig. Pape

claimed he paniced hen Bill

began o sruggle and he le he

ounger bo bound ih rope in

he basemen ih a handerchie

in his mouh and a burlap sac

oer his head. See Neighbor Bo

dmis ing Bobb Drach PM

Noember p. . hans

o Chris eorge or his eper help

in ideniing he correc locaion

o his phoographic sequence.

. he Noember in healher Collecion ile reers o

he dae o he images publica-

ion. iles o prins aer his

negaie ar depending on he

prin and is holding insiuion.

M unscienific sure ielded

he olloing arie: eenage

Bo rresed or Srangling a ile

irl Meropolian Museum o

r and he Inernaional Cener

o Phoograph boh reflecing

he ile used in Sid aplans

eegee Porolio Sieen-ear-Old

Bo ho Srangled a our-ear-Old Child o Deah Museum o

ine rs Boson ran Pape

rresed or Homicide J. Paul e

Museum and ran Pape rresed

or Homicide Noember

MoM and he Naional aller

o r.hile no all as ildl

off he mar as ha used in he

aplan porolio none o hese are

quie accurae: he acual arraign-

men and hus he phoographic

ac occurred on Noember .

he firs prin as liel made ha

nigh or earl he ne morning.

. or he no-classic posar

saemens o phoojournalism

as ieed rom he perspec-

ie o criical modernism in he

isual ars see Jeff all Mars

o Indifference: specs o

Phoograph in or as Concepual

r in nn oldsein and nne

orimer eds. econsidering he

Objec o r os

ngles: Museum o Conemporar

r pp. and llan

Seula Paparao Noes in

Phoograph gains he rain:

ssas and Phoo ors

Halia Canada: NSCD

pp. .

. On he pie agon as a recur-

ring moi in eegees or see

liabeh Jane anrragon he

Phoo eague: ies o Urban

perience in he s and s

PhD diss. Uniersi o Ioa

. On he padd agons

opened poral as a poeniall fluid

proscenium see ichard Meer

Oula epresenaionBoson:

Beacon Press pp. .

. igh o hese ere publishedin he Pie agon chaper o

eegees boo Naed Ci

Ne or: ssenial.

. On journalisms parnership

ih la enorcemen in he

collaboraie consrucion o

criminali see Suar Hall e al.

Policing he Crisis: Mugging he

Sae and a and OrderNe

or: Holmes Meier .

. osalind rauss In he Name

o Picasso in he Originali o hean-arde and Oher Modernis

MhsCambridge Mass.: MI

Press p. .

. or one analsis see Judih

ellers insighul discussion o he

e museums aplan prin In

ocus: eegeeos ngeles: e

p. .

. hese indicaors are per-

asie in he aplan porolio.

hans o Claarje an Dij

a he Inernaional Cener o

Phoograph or her help in

deermining he uncion o

his noaional ssem. Here is

her eplanaion: lhough no

confirmed i seems ha pho-

ographers ho ored or PM

ould all hae his idenificaion

on he prin ih he iniials o

heir name. I migh be ha he

PMphoographers ould pic

up a number o film holders

rom he PMoffice beore sar-

ing heir assignmen. ach film

holder ould probabl hae some

sor o a label perhaps made o

film ihin he holder ih he

iniial and number o he film.

Subsequenl hen he phoo-

graph ould be aen he number

and iniials ould appear on he

image. Claarje an Dij email

o he auhor Sepember .

number o eising PMprins

b oher phoographers bearing

similar marings appears o cor-

roborae his proposed ssem.

. or one reamen o eegees

inolemen ih PM see

nhon . ee Human Ineres

Sories in nhon ee and

ichard Meer eegee and Naed

Ci os ngeles: Uniersi o

Caliornia . or an accoun

o PMs unliel inerenion ino

Ne ors journalisic culure

and eegees place ihin i

see m ris as eporer: he PM

Nes Picure PhD

diss. Uniersi o Souhern

Caliornia .

. See a Planic and Henr

ieberman imbels orers

Made On Pice Signs PMJul p. . or an oer-

ie o PMs journalism see

Paul Milman PM: Ne Deal

in JournalismNe Brunsic

N.J.: ugers . he emi-

nis labor aciis and ashion

designer liabeh Haes roe

a eel column or PMarguing

agains he influence o male

managemen oer he sarorial

choices o he emale ororce

and agains he ashion indusrs

complici in he perpeuaion o

an sarorial regime anagonisic

o he ineress o omen. See

or eample liabeh Haes

Miss Haes dises omen o

Ignore he Brassiere ds PM

December p. . or more

on Haes see Beina Burch

adical b Design: he ie and Sle

o liabeh HaesNe or:

Duon .

. In hose das as PM saff

phoographer Morris ngel

recalled a a smposium on

eegee a he Inernaional

Cener o Phoograph in i

ou ored as a nes phoog-

rapher . . . hoeer good . . . he

credi ould read phoo b paper

ile . . . personal credi as

conrar o ha papers sood or

ih respec o phoograph. . . .

Phoographers ere no orh

o receiing credi . . . unil PM

came on he scene. Morris ngel

sound recording o eegee he

amous Inernaional Cener

o Phoograph Ocober

eegee rchie ICP Ne

or. Sepember aricle

in rchiecural orum reers o

eegee as a phoographer ha

ill be non o hose amongis readers ho read PM ih

heir cornflaes. rchiecural

orum Sepember : .

hile eegee had appeared b

name beorehe camera in ie

prior o June his isibili

as an auhor behind he camera

ould hae o ai unil PMs

inerenion.

. s o June in addi-

ion o eegee PM could coun

among is saff and eam o regu-

lar phoographers John DeBiaseDaid isendrah Jr. a Planic

ene Badger Morris ngel eo

ieb Mar Morris Peer illian

Morris oron Iring Haberman

Hugh Broderic See Derr

lan isher Marin Harris

Margare Boure-hie Bill

Brun Dan Israel enno Jacobs

and Helen ei.


14/15

14Hill

. alph Seiner eegee ies

or His or and hins Beore

Shooing PM March

pp. . On Seiners eel

column or PM see Carol Pane

Ineracions o Phoograph and

he Mass Media : he

arl Career o alph Seiner

PhD diss. Boson Uniersi

.

. Seiner eegee ies or His

or p. . On he conempo-

rar i.e. circa journalisic

undersanding o phoograph

as disembodied and mechanical

see Barbie elier Journalisms

as Sand: irephoo and he

Discourse o esisance Journal

o Communicaion no. Spring

: . or alls much

laer reread o ha same dis-

course see Mars o Indifference.

. Seiner eegee ies or His

or p. .

. Ingersoll finall broe ih

Henr uce and his organia-

ion oer uces decision o pu

an aggrandiing phoograph o

dolph Hiler on he coer o

imes Man o he ear issue.

Ingersoll subered his plan

and ihou uces noledge

replaced he phoograph ih a

deasaing caricaure o Hiler

as a mass murderer. eflecing

on he imporance o his epi-

sode o his concepualiaion o

PM Ingersoll laer roe: M

eeling ha he Nai sae as

a challenge o eerhing e

belieed in as so orhrigh

ha I el objecii isel pari-

san. . . . I as he problems ha

Hiler posed he orld hen

ha firs ineresed me in he

limis o journalisic objeci-

i. See m On he fficac o

rifice: PM adiophoo andhe Journalisic Discourse o

Phoographic Objecii tudes

photographiques : .

mphasis added. Hoeer

unsung Ingersolls cenrali o

he culure o merican phoo-

graphic magaine journalism in

he s and hereore since

simpl canno be oersaed. s

edior o orune Ingersoll plaed

a e role in he inenion o he

merican journalisic phooes-

sa adancing he careers o

boh aler ans and Margare

Boure-hie and inroducing

he groundbreaing eimar

phoojournalis rich Salomon

and his cohor o merican audi-

ences. On Ingersoll a orune see

John Somberg enealog o

Orhodo Documenar in Mareinhard Holl dards and

rina Duganne eds. Beauiul

Suffering: Phoograph and he

raffic in PainChicago: Uniersi

o Chicago pp. and

lan Brinle he Publisher: Henr

uce and His merican Cenur

Ne or: nop .

. alph Ingersoll nnouncing

a Ne Deal or Phoographers

inernal PM memo Ma

PM Collecion Bo N:

Polic Objecies Ingersoll

Memos prilJune older

Nieman oundaion Harard

Uniersi Cambridge Mass..

mphasis original. On Ingersoll

and he origins o PM see m On

he fficac o rifice pp. .

. On he role o he ar depar-

men in nespaper publishing

during hese ears see aura

ira oscoe llard and John

Mills Picorial Journalism Ne

or: Mcra-Hill .

. Ingersoll nnouncing a Ne

Deal or Phoographers.

. Ibid.

. See m On he fficac o

rifice.

. he Sorm asn eall his

Bad PM Januar p. .

. Nais Picure aid in Polish

heo Caern PM Januar pp. .

. Ibid.

. Ibid.

. Ibid.

. or one reamen o his

episode o BIs reporing and o

he eels ider phoographic

program see Hanno oe

. . . ihou Mass: Jes

hrough he ens o erman

Phoograph in

laus Honne ol Sachsse and

arin homas eds. erman

Phoograph : Poer

o a MediumCologne: Dumon

pp. . oe ho is

almos cerainl unaare o PMsrepor neerheless concurs ih

PMs conclusions regarding he

consruced naure o he phoo-

graphed eens: here is much

o sugges she ries ha

he underground raid shoing

smugglers being raced don

is saged.

. he fie prins displaed in

he ehibiion ere: enemen ire

Brooln School Children

See ambler Murdered in Sree

M Man oman

Sho rom Cannon and

Opening Nigh a he Opera .

. he fih Opening Nigh a he

Operano non as he Criic

as firs published in ie. PM

ould also publish his phoo-

graph bu as an illusraion or a

sor phoographed b eegee

reaing ha picures populari

ih isiors o he r in Progress

ehibiion. eegee eegee

es enion a Museum o

Modern r PM June

p. .

. eegees or enered he

Museums permanen collecion

in Ma ih James hrall

Sobs gi o Brooln School

Children See ambler Murdered in

Sree.

. iles and daes lised here

or he ors ha appeared in he

sho are aen rom he chec-

lis ha as published in heehibiion caalogue and hese

perhaps do no reflec subsequen

changes made b he arious col-

lecing insiuions ha hold he

images oda. See r in Progress:

Sure Prepared or he ieenh

nniersar o he Museum o

Modern rNe or: Planin

Press pp. .

. eegees sel-alignmen

ih modernis rends in phoog-

raph is also acuel in eidence

in he repor he filed ih PMin

Ma seeral monhs beore

shooing Pape in hich he

lamens in he hird person he

declining orunes o he phoog-

rapher ho ould be his unliel

role model: lred Siegli. herepor reads in par: his is

Siegli lred Siegli said

eegee. Hes a grea pho-

ographer. . . . or me he is he

anser o a quesion I as msel

someimes. . . . Hundreds o

phoographers amaeur and pro-

essional including msel are

ring o ge recogniion. Is so

ough and impossible i maes

our hear ache. his lred

Siegli he became amous boh

in urope and mericaone

o he hree our greaes pho-

ographers. eegee Mees a

rea Man PM Ma .

monh laer eegee ould man-

age his on publici reporing

on his opening a MoM or PM

see eegee eegee es

enion a Museum o Modern

r. Popular Phoograph edior

Bruce Dones inroducion o

eegees memoir eegee

on eegee begins: eegee b

name rhur ellig began his

odd-ball career as a plodding

reelance phoographer ho b

his imaginaion and shoman-

ship boosrapped himsel o

eminence. or he obuse he

samped his prins b eegee

he amous and i asn long

beore his rubber-samp propa-

ganda bore rui. Soon eegee

pronounced b he maser

himsel eechee as admi-

ed o he sacred mausoleum

o he Museum o Modern r.

His flashbulb picures had been

acceped alongside hose osuch unouchables as Hill ge

Siegli and Carier-Bresson in

he Museums permanen col-

lecion o phoographic ar.

lol hough no mee nes

phoographer ho a he ime

sho sraigh rom he shoulder

ihou benefi o suble ligh-

ing nuances hus crashed he

gaes o ar here Picasso reigns

supreme. Done inroducion


15/15

o eegee eegee b eegee

Ne or: iff-Dais p. .

hans o Mira bbaspour or

direcing me o his remarable bi

o auobiographical able-seing.

. Ce dur egards

ebruar : n.p. See nn

homas isee ModelOaa:

Naional aller o Canada

p. .

. isee Model h rance

ell PMs eel Januar

: .

. illiam . McCleer eers

o and rom he dior PM

Januar : .

. second presumabl aer-

noon ediion ighens he cropping

o eegees picure in order

o accommodae an addiional

coneualiing phoograph b

PM saffer John DeBiase. his

ediion no eiss as ar as I can

deermine onl on microfilm and

is iruall illegible. Microfilm

precludes isual access o all

bu he mos blun picorial

inormaion and so his sagings

saus as an ieraion o eegees

picure mus remain unresoled

here. Such is he inerpreie

hice posed b dail nespaper

phoograph.

. . D. Coleman eegee

as Prinmaer: n nomal in

he Mareplace in arnished

Siler: er he Phoo BoomNe

or: Midmarch p. .

mphasis added.

. Berinson mus be considered a

major collecor o eegee prins

and his collecion hich a one

ime included prins shos a

clear commimen o eegee as

a journalis charged ih coering

he grislier aspecs o Ne ors

social lie.

. Hendri Berinson email corre-

spondence ih Mira bbaspour

ssociae Curaor Deparmen

o Phoograph he Museum o

Modern r Ne or ugus

.

. See lan rachenberg

eading merican Phoographs:

Images as HisorMahe Brad

o aler ansNe or: Hill

and ang pp. .

Ciaion:

Jason . Hill. In he Police agon in he Press and in he Museum

o Modern r Noe on eegees ran Pape rresed or Homicide

Noember . In Mira bbaspour ee nn Daffner and Maria

Morris Hambourg eds. Objec:Phoo. Modern Phoographs: he homas

alher Collecion . n Online Projec o he Museum o Modern

r. Ne or: he Museum o Modern r . hp:.moma.

orgineraciesobjecphooassesessasHill.pd.

Documents

Hill -In the Police Wagon, in the Press, and in The Museum of Modern Art