High Middle High Middle AgesAges

The Rise of CultureThe Rise of Culture

Universities Universities DevelopDevelop

•Universities began as Universities began as learning guildslearning guilds

•Learning GuildLearning Guild::•Association of people Association of people organized for the purpose organized for the purpose of learning & teachingof learning & teaching

Universities Universities DevelopDevelop

•Limited to Limited to subjects such as subjects such as theology, law & theology, law & medicinemedicine

•Development of Development of Academic Academic DegreesDegrees::

•B.A., M.A., Ph.D.B.A., M.A., Ph.D.

ScholasticiScholasticismsm

•Intellectual movement Intellectual movement that attempted that attempted to reconcile to reconcile faith & faith & reasonreason

•FaithFaith: : Church teachingsChurch teachings•ReasonReason: : Aristotle’s logicAristotle’s logic

Vernacular Vernacular LiteratureLiterature

•VernacularVernacular: : the language the language of everyday speechof everyday speech

•Instead of using Latin, Instead of using Latin, people began to speak people began to speak the the language that had language that had developed in their own developed in their own countriescountries

Vernacular Vernacular LiteratureLiterature

•Gave each kingdom a Gave each kingdom a separate identityseparate identity

•Made Made literature literature accessible to more accessible to more peoplepeople

Vernacular Vernacular WritersWriters

•Dante Alighieri Dante Alighieri (13th Century (13th Century Poet)Poet)

•Father Father of of modern Italianmodern Italian

Vernacular Vernacular WritersWriters•Divine ComedyDivine Comedy

•Describes Describes an an imaginary journey imaginary journey from hell from hell to heavento heaven

•Reflects Reflects values of values of the time & the time & criticizes society criticizes society

•Geoffrey Geoffrey Chaucer Chaucer (14th Century (14th Century Writer)Writer)

•Father Father of of modern modern English English

Vernacular Vernacular WritersWriters

•Canterbury TalesCanterbury Tales•Describes a group of Describes a group of pilgrims who tell pilgrims who tell stories to amuse stories to amuse one another while on their one another while on their way to Thomas way to Thomas Beckett’s shrineBeckett’s shrine

Vernacular Vernacular WritersWriters

Medieval Medieval ArchitectureArchitecture

Early Medieval Early Medieval ArchitectureArchitecture

Romanesque ArchitectureRomanesque Architecture

Early Early ArchitectureArchitecture•Characteristics:Characteristics:

•Rounded archesRounded arches•Barrel vaultsBarrel vaults•Thick wallsThick walls•DarkerDarker, simplistic interiors, simplistic interiors•Small windows, Small windows, usually at usually at the top of the wallsthe top of the walls

St. Filibert, St. Filibert, FranceFrance

RomaneRomanesque sque

CathedrCathedral:al:

InteriorInterior

Later Medieval Later Medieval ArchitectureArchitecture

Gothic ArchitectureGothic Architecture

Later Later ArchitectureArchitecture•Gothic Style:Gothic Style:

•Pointed archesPointed arches•Flying buttressesFlying buttresses•Stained glass windowsStained glass windows•Rose windowsRose windows•Elaborate, ornate interiorElaborate, ornate interior•TallerTaller, more airy , more airy lots of light lots of light•Lavish sculptureLavish sculpture

Later Later ArchitectureArchitecture

•Gothic Symbolism?Gothic Symbolism?•General floor plan in the General floor plan in the shape of a crossshape of a cross

•With high walls & pointed With high walls & pointed arches, everything appeared arches, everything appeared to be pointing towards to be pointing towards heavenheaven

The The

Gothic Gothic

CathedCathed

ralral

Notre Dame Notre Dame Cathedral Cathedral ParisParis

Gothic Gothic Floor Floor PlanPlan

Interior of Interior of CathedralCathedral

Interior of Interior of CathedralCathedral

St. Etienne, St. Etienne, BourgesBourges

““Flying” ButtressesFlying” Buttresses

Flying Flying ButtreButtre

ssss

Cathedral Cathedral GargoylesGargoyles

Stained Glass Stained Glass WindowsWindows

Rose WindowsRose Windows

Which Interior?Which Interior?

Which Vault?Which Vault?

Which Exterior?Which Exterior?