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8/30/2017 Evidence minimum wage hikes result in workers being replaced by robots
https://www.cnbc.com/2017/08/16/evidence-minimum-wage-hikes-result-in-workers-being-replaced-by-robots.html 1/5
There is new evidence that raising the minimum wage pushes business
owners to replace low-skilled workers with automation. And it shows
that old, young, female and black low-skilled workers face the highest
levels of unemployment after a minimum-wage increase.
Economists Grace Lordan of the London School of Economics and David
Neumark of UC Irvine studied 35 years of government census data for
their working paper, which was released in August, titled "People
Versus Machines: The Impact of Minimum Wages on Automatable
Jobs."
"Based on [current population survey] data from 1980-2015, we find
that increasing the minimum wage decreases significantly the share of
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Here's new evidence minimum-wage hikesresult in workers being replaced by robotsCatherine Clifford | 9:00 AM ET Thu, 17 Aug 2017
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8/30/2017 Evidence minimum wage hikes result in workers being replaced by robots
https://www.cnbc.com/2017/08/16/evidence-minimum-wage-hikes-result-in-workers-being-replaced-by-robots.html 2/5
automatable employment held by low-skilled workers," the study says.
These automatable jobs include positions like supermarket check-out
clerks, who can be replaced by self-service checkout cashiers, and
assembly-line workers in manufacturing plants, who can be replaced by
robotic arms. Low-skilled workers, for the study, are defined as those
who have a high school diploma or less.
"We find that a significant number of individuals who were previously in
automatable employment are unemployed in the period following a
minimum wage increase," the study says.
And while most minimum-wage research focuses on teenagers, this
study looks at the influence raising the minimum wage has on many
other populations. "These effects are among the largest for individuals
employed in the manufacturing industry, and are larger for the oldest
and youngest workers, for females and for blacks."
Raising the minimum wage is a deeply polarizing issue. While some
argue raising the minimum wage squeezes businesses, forcing them to
lay off workers, others argue it is beneficial for both individual workers
and the economy as a whole.
The federal minimum wage is $7.25 per hour, but 30 states and the
District of Columbia have higher state minimum wages that go as high
as $11 in Washington state, and $11.50 in the District of Columbia,
according to Lordan and Neumark. Some cities have their own rules,
too, such as Seattle, which has a minimum wage of $15 per hour.
Minimum wage is not the only cause for automation. Billionaire tech
titan Elon Musk has warned that advances in technology are happening
so fast that the government will end up having to pay people cash
handouts to live.
"There is a pretty good chance we end up with a universal basic income,
or something like that, due to automation," Musk tells CNBC in an
interview last year. "Yeah, I am not sure what else one would do. I think
that is what would happen."
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Elon Musk: Robots will take your jobs,government will have to pay your wage
8/30/2017 Evidence minimum wage hikes result in workers being replaced by robots
https://www.cnbc.com/2017/08/16/evidence-minimum-wage-hikes-result-in-workers-being-replaced-by-robots.html 3/5
Billionaire entrepreneur Richard Branson has echoed the sentiment.
"With the acceleration of [artificial intelligence] and other new
technology ... the world is changing fast," Branson writes in a post
published this week. "A lot of exciting new innovations are going to be
created, which will generate a lot of opportunities and a lot of wealth,
but there is a real danger it could also reduce the amount of jobs."
While many low-skilled workers will be replaced by automation,
developments in technology will create some new jobs, too.
"[F]irms may hire other workers who perform new tasks that are
complementary with the new technology. For example, a firm using
more robots may hire individuals to service, troubleshoot, and maintain
these new machines," the study from Lordan and Neumark says.
These jobs, though, are likely to require more education and training
than the lower-skilled jobs being replaced. And, notable even to the
study's authors, those higher-skilled jobs that are created by new
technology tend to be filled by women.
"Interestingly ... we find positive effects for females in higher-wage
jobs," the study says. "This suggests that employment prospects for
some workers in higher-wage occupations are boosted by minimum
wage increases, consistent with a story in which some jobs are lost to
automation, while others are created.
"However, those that are created are for higher-wage workers among
the lower-skilled workers, and perhaps — given that result emerges for
women — among jobs less likely to involve manual or physically
demanding labor."
See also:
Elon Musk: Robots will take your jobs, government will have to pay
your wage
Elon Musk says robots will push us to a universal basic income—here's
how it would work
Mark Zuckerberg: Alaska's cash handoutprogram "provides some good lessons forthe rest of the country"
8/30/2017 Evidence minimum wage hikes result in workers being replaced by robots
https://www.cnbc.com/2017/08/16/evidence-minimum-wage-hikes-result-in-workers-being-replaced-by-robots.html 4/5
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Catherine CliffordSenior Writer
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