Hemispheres

What hemispheres do we live in?

Latitude and Longitude

• To find an exact place on a map or on Earth, you need crossing lines that create an intersection.

• coordinates

• grid system– known as the latitude and longitude grid

Latitude and Longitude

• Places can be exactly located using coordinates and plotting them on a “grid”.

• latitude and longitude

• Measured in degrees, minutes and seconds

(360° 60' 60")

Horizontal like rungs on a ladder Long, tall vertical lines

Latitude• Also called “parallels”• horizontal “rings” that circle around the globe.• They are equal distances apart.

1° degree of latitude = 65 miles or 111 km

• Go from 0° to 90° north (North Pole)

0° to 90° south (South Pole)

Longitude• Also called meridians.• Meridians meet at the poles.• They are measured from zero or prime

meridian.• Lines are measured going

east from 0° to 180° west from 0° to 180°

• Distances between longitude lines are NOT equal.– At equator one degree equals 111 km (65 miles)– At 45°, one degree equals 79 km ( 49 miles) – At the North pole, one degree equals ZERO km!

Where/what is this line on the ground??

The Prime Meridian

• Located at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, England

• 0 degrees longitude• Runs through countries such as … (this is

where you look them up on the globe or map)

• Where on earth is 0° latitude and 0° longitude located?

UTM

• Some of the advantages of UTM coordinates include...• Square grids • East-West units of measure are the same as North-

South units • Decimal based, no fussing with minutes and seconds. • Coordinates translate directly to distances on the

ground. • Coordinate precision is easily understood. No need to

wonder what distance a tenth of a second of longitude represents.

• It's easy to abbreviate coordinates when working in a small area.

Map Scale

• Maps are not drawn to the same scale as the world (duh)

• There has to be an amount of reduction in size• Ratio of the distance between two points on the

map compared to the actual ground distanceMap Scale = Map Distance

Earth Distance

map distance : ground distance

3 types of map scales

• 1: 24000 map scale

• 1 inch on the map = 24,000 inches on the ground!

• 24,000 inches = 2000 feet

• 1:100,000 scale

• 1 cm = 100,000 cm

• or 1 kilometer on the surface.

A map of the world has a scale of1: 46,000,000 !!!!

U.S.A. Map would have a scale of1: 5,000,000

• A map of Illinois

would have a scale of

1: 500,000

A map of Kendall County would have a scale of1: 62,500

Oswego town map would have a scale of1: 1000

Large –scale map

• Shows a small area with a lot of detail.

• Good for urban areas, towns, streets or hiking.

• Example: 1:10,000

• Large enough to see details

Small-scale map

• Shows a LARGE area with very little detail.

• Good for world maps or large regions such as North America.

• Example: 1:1,000,000

• Too small to see details