Heet GhodasaraPreet Ghodasara

Jigar Parsana Kalpit Doshi

What Is HIV?• H – Human – This particular virus

can only infect human beings.• I – Immunodeficiency – HIV weakens

your immune system by destroying important cells that fight disease and infection. A "deficient" immune system can't protect you.

• V – Virus – A virus can only reproduce itself by taking over a cell in the body of its host.

What Is AIDS?

• A – Acquired – AIDS is not something you inherit from your parents. You acquire AIDS after birth.

• I – Immuno – Your body's immune system includes all the organs and cells that work to fight off infection or disease.

• D – Deficiency – You get AIDS when your immune system is "deficient," or isn't working the way it should.

• S – Syndrome – A syndrome is a collection of symptoms and signs of disease. AIDS is a syndrome, rather than a single disease, because it is a complex illness

Origin & History

• Twenty-five years after the first AIDS cases emerged, scientists have confirmed that the HIV virus plaguing humans really did originate in wild chimpanzees, in a corner of Cameroon.

• The first human known to be infected with HIV was a man from Kinshasa in the nearby country of Congo who had his blood stored in 1959 as part of a medical study, decades before scientists knew the AIDS virus existed. Presumably, someone in rural Cameroon was bitten by a chimp or was cut while butchering one and became infected with the ape virus. That person passed it to someone else. Somewhere in all that spread, the virus became more deadly to people than it is to chimps.

HOW DO YOU GET HIV OR AIDS?

Causes • During sex. You may become infected if you have vaginal, anal or

oral sex with an infected partner whose blood, semen or vaginal secretions enter your body. The virus can enter your body through mouth sores or small tears that sometimes develop in the rectum or vagina during sexual activity.

• Blood transfusions. In some cases, the virus may be transmitted through blood transfusions.

• Sharing needles. HIV can be transmitted through needles and syringes contaminated with infected blood.

• From mother to child. Infected mothers can infect their babies during pregnancy or delivery, or through breast-feeding. But if women receive treatment for HIV infection during pregnancy, the risk to their babies is significantly reduced.

• Cross-Generation Sex

How HIV Comes in Effect • The infection is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).• After HIV is in the body, it attacks and destroys CD4+ cells, which are

the part of the body's immune system that fights infection and disease. When HIV weakens or destroys the immune cells, it may lead to certain illnesses or diseases, such as some types of pneumonia or cancer that are more likely to develop in someone who has a weakened immune system. These conditions are a sign that HIV has progressed to AIDS.

NORMAL T-CELLS

HIV-infected T-cells.

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

HIV SYMPTOMS

• Swollen limbs or glands • Fever • Headache • Tired – Fatigue • Diarrhea • Weight Loss• Cough & Shortness of Breath • As early as 2-4 weeks after

exposure to HIV (but up to 3 months later), people can experience an acute illness, often described as “the worst flu ever.” This is called acute retroviral syndrome (ARS), or primary HIV infection, and it’s the body’s natural response to HIV infection.

AIDS Symptoms

• Fever• Muscle soreness• Rash• Headache Sore

throat• Mouth or genital

ulcers• Swollen lymph

glands, mainly on the neck

• Joint pain• Night sweats• Diarrhea

Effects

• HIV targets & destroys cells that fight disease in your body called CD4 helper Lymphocytes.

• After the HIV Virus has destroyed the immune system against disease, that person is diagnosed with AIDS.

• When a person has AIDS, the person is vulnerable to illness like tuberculosis & rare diseases that one does not usually catch.

• With AIDS, a person is generally susceptible to disease that do not usually kill a person, but will.

Preventions

• Abstaining from Sex (Not having Sex at all)• Using Condoms will having Sex (Safe Sex)• Avoid contact with bodily fluids.• Never sharing of Needles & syringes. • Test blood before Transfusion• Avoid alcohol and drugs, which can impair

both your judgment and your immune system.

Treatment

• There are no vaccines available to cure HIV/AIDS. Scientist are working on making vaccines.

• Although, there are medications people can take that keep the virus at bay & help protect you from catching diseases.

• There is no cure for HIV/AIDS, but you can receive therapy & treatment, but this costs a lot of money – too much amount for poverty stricken people.

• A popular therapy called Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI) slows the spread of HIV in the body by keeping the virus from duplicating.

GLOBAL STATISTICS

Statistics: Worldwide

• More than 34 million people now live with HIV/AIDS.• 3.4 million of them are under the age of 15.• In 2010, an estimated 2.7 million people were newly

infected with HIV.• 390,000 were under the age of 15.• Every day more than 7,000 people contract HIV—nearly 300

every hour.• In 2010, 1.8 million people died from AIDS.• 250,000 of them were under the age of 15.• Since the beginning of the epidemic, more than 60 million

people have contracted HIV and nearly 30 million have died of HIV-related causes.

The Regional Picture• Sub-Saharan Africa

More than two-thirds (67 percent) of all people living with HIV, 22.9 million, live in sub-Saharan Africa—including 91 percent of the world’s HIV-positive children.

• Asia and the PacificIn Asia and the Pacific, more than 360,000 people became newly infected in 2010, bringing the total number of people living with HIV/AIDS there to more than 4.8 million.

• CaribbeanIn Asia and the Pacific, more than 360,000 people became newly infected in 2010, bringing the total number of people living with HIV/AIDS there to more than 4.8 million.

• Central and South AmericaThere were an estimated 100,000 new HIV/AIDS infections and 67,000 AIDS-related deaths in Central and South America in 2010. This region currently has 1.5 million people living with HIV/AIDS.

• North Africa and the Middle EastApproximately 470,000 people are living with HIV in this region and an estimated 59,000 people became newly infected in 2010. An estimated 35,000 adults and children died of AIDS.

• Eastern Europe and Central AsiaSome 160,000 people were newly infected with HIV in 2010, bringing the number of people living with HIV/AIDS to 1.5 million. HIV/AIDS claimed 90,000 lives in 2010.

• Western and Central EuropeIn 2010, there were 30,000 new cases of HIV, bringing the number of people living with HIV in Western and Central Europe to 840,000. An estimated 9,900 people in these regions died of AIDS in 2010.

• Source: UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic 2011; Kaiser Family Foundation.

Case Study: South Africa

PROPORTIONS • South Africa – Every day, around 1500 people are newly infected with HIV in South Africa. • Four million people are already HIV-positive, and unfortunately there is no sign that the rate

of infection is slowing down.• Aids and HIV infection pose a grave threat to the country’s future economic development• Over 1 in every 6 men, women, & children with HIV/AIDS in the World, live in South Africa • 9 out of 10 children living with aids live in Southern Africa • People with HIV/AIDS:

5.5 million (12.5% of total population)• Of the 5.5 million infected, 5.3 million are adults (ages 15+)• The HIV/AIDS epidemic disproportionately affects women. An estimated 3.1 million women

are infected versus 2.2 million men.• The number of children infected is estimated at around

240,000 and South Africa has approximately 1.2 million orphans from HIV/AIDS.

• Roughly 4 in 5 people with HIV/AIDS are women.• The city KwaZulu in south Africa has the highest rate of HIV/AIDS – 40% in 2010

Causes for HIV aids in south Africa• Due to the sexual contact. People being uneducated about the

causes and sex education not provided in schools make it even more worst.

• Large number of people remain unaware of its causes and how is can be contracted.

• According to UNAIDS, approximately 2 million South Africans living with HIV/AIDS do not know they are infected.

• The ultimate cause is UNEDUCATION. People don’t know how others are infected by them, how the virus is transmitted and thus don’t know the danger and cure of this deadly disease.

• The transmission of the disease from mother to child is also a common method of contraction and as a result, many South African children are infected.

South African Government’s action

• The South African government promised increased availability of drugs and endorsing the efforts of civic groups battling the disease.

• Experts said the government’s new policy will now save thousands of lives. An estimated 5.4 million of South Africa’s 47 million people are infected with HIV, one of the highest ratios in the world.

• In 2003 the government had set up a public welfare programme,200,000 people receive the government drugs, making the public programme one of the biggest in the world.

• Official statistics show an alarming rise in deaths among South Africans in their 20s, 30s and 40s.

• Civic groups were joined by 81 leading scientists in demanding the sacking of the health minister who suggested eating beetroot as a cure. And South Africa has fallen behind its neighbours in cutting the infection rate.

• To combat the AIDS epidemic, the South African government has been implementing the National Strategic Plan 2007-2011.

• Several mass media campaigns are also being used as educational tools for the public. One such campaign is called LoveLife.

• The government has also used the distribution of free male condoms as a prevention strategy. From 2004-2005, for example, 360 million male condoms were distributed to the South African population.

STATISTICS