Heart Anatomy

Contents

Cardiac Chambers Cardiac Chambers

Structure of the Heart Structure of the Heart

Conduction System Conduction System

PericardiumPericardium

External morphology External morphology

Position Position

Vessels of the Heart Vessels of the Heart

• Lies within the pericardium in middle mediastinum

• Behind the body of sternum and coastal cartilages 2 to 6

• In front of thoracic vertebrae 5 to 8

• A third of it lies to the right of median plan and 2/3 to the left

Position of the heart

• one apex,

• one base,

• two surfaces

• three borders

• three grooves

External morphology

Atria

Auricles

PosteriorInterventricularSulcus

AnteriorInterventricularSulcus

Left Ventricle

Right Ventricle

• right atrium

• right ventricle

• left atrium

• left ventricle

Cardiac chambers

Chambers of the Heart

Right atrium

PectinateMuscle

Right ventricle

tricuspid valve

Left atrium

Trabeculaecarneae

Papillarymuscles

Left ventricle

mitral valve

Left ventricle

※ the papillary muscles(2 groups)

inflow and outflow tracts (divided by the ant.cusp of the bicuspid valves)

Heart ValvesHeart Valves

Bicuspid(mitral)valve

Aorticvalve

Pulmonaryvalve

Tricuspidvalve

Semilunar valve

Ventricle diastole

Ventricle systole

Tricuspid valve & mitral valve

tricuspid valve mitral valve

bicuspid

tricu

spid

Ventricle diastole Ventricle diastole or or systole ?systole ?

想一想…

Ventricle diastole Ventricle diastole or or systole ?systole ?

想一想…

the walls of the heart3 layers— endocardium *continue with the lining of th

e large blood vessels— myocardium *2 kinds: the ordinary cardiac

muscles the specially m.— epicardium

• Septum interatrial septum----Oval fossa interventricular septum----Membranous part

Structure of the heart

Structurethe walls of the heart3 layers—endocardium *continue with the lining of th

e large blood vessels—myocardium *2 kinds: the ordinary cardiac

muscles the specially m.— epicardium

• Septum interatrial septum----Oval fossa interventricular septum----Membranous part

Atria

Septum

Ventricles

Leftventricle

It is consists of the special cardiac muscles

5 parts: Sinoatrial node Atrioventricular node, Atrio-ventricular bundle Left and right branches Purkinje fibers.

Conduction System

— The sinoatrial node (SAN) *It is lies the junction between the right auricle and the sup.vena cava — The atrioventricular node (AVN) *It is lies in the lower portion of the interatrial septum just above the orifice of the coronary sinus — Purkinje fibers

Electrocardiogram

• The arteries

the left coronary a.

the right coronary a.• The veins of the heart

the coronary sinus

the ant. cardiac v.

the smallest v.

Vessels of Heart

Coronary arteries

left coronary a.

right coronary a.

The arteries

The left coronary a. arises from the left aortic sinus 2 branches: ant.interventricular br. and circumflex br. To supply the left atrium, left ventricle, the anterior surface of the rig

ht ventricle,anterior 2/3 of the interventricular septum,sometimes, supply the SAN and AVN.

The right coronary a. arise from the right aortic sinus and runs along the right portion of the c

oronary groove 2 branches: post interventricular branch post branch of the left venticle To supply right atrium, right ventriclepost. 1/3 of the interventricular s

eptum, the diaphragmatic surface of left ventricle,the SAN and AVN.

The arteries

CatheterCatheter

Coronary stent 冠状动脉支架

coronary artery bypass graft冠状动脉搭桥术

Heart transplant

Artificial Heart 人工心脏

The arteries

The coronary sinusIt lies in the post.portion of the coronary sulcus between the left atrium a

nd left ventricle.It opens into the right atrium.

It receives:the great cardiac v.,the middle cardiac v. and small cardiac v. The ant. cardiac v.

The smallest v.

Coronary sinus

CoronarySulcus

1. It comprises 2 sacs:

fibrous pericardium

serous pericardium:

parietal layer

visceral layer

2.The pericardial

cavity:

the transverse sinus

the oblique sinus

Pericardium

Pericardium

1. It comprises 2 sacs:

fibrous pericardium

serous pericardium:

parietal layer

visceral layer

2.The pericardial cavity:

the transverse sinus

the oblique sinus

Pericardium

1. It comprises 2 sacs:

fibrous pericardium

serous pericardium:

parietal layer

visceral layer

2.The pericardial cavity:

the transverse sinus

the oblique sinus

the transverse sinus the oblique sinus

思考题：

试述心的位置和体表投影 试述心的外形及心腔分部 心腔内面能观察到哪些结构？ 使心腔血液定向流动的结构有哪些？ 试述控制心跳节律的结构基础 试述心的血液供应