Heart disease

Heart disease

• Congenital• Ischemic• Hypertensive• Valvular• Cardiomyopathy• Pericardium• Tumors

Congenital

• ISCHEMIC • HYPERTENSIVE • VALVULAR • MYOPATHIC

• Dyspnea–on exertion–at rest

• Orthopnea–redistribution of peripheral edema fluid–graded by number of pillows needed

• Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND)

Heart failure

ISCHEMIC

• Angina Pectoris• Myocardial Infarction• Chronic IHD CHF• Sudden Cardiac Death

• Acute Coronary Syndromes: –UNSTABLE ANGINA–AMI–SCD

HYPERTENSIVE

•Hypertrophic adaptive response–Myocardial dysfunction–Cardiac dilatation–CHF–Sudden death

VALVULAR

• Stenosis• Regurgitation

CARDIOMYOPATHIES

1. Inflammatory

2. Immunologic

3. Metabolic

4. Dystrophies

5. Genetic

6. Idiopathic

CARDIOMYOPATHIES

• DILATED• HYPERTROPHIC• RESTRICTIVE

CARDIOMYOPATHIES

• Chest pain is common• Frequently asymptomatic• Severe cases associated with heart failure, arrhythmias• ECG abnormalities are often present, although the changes are

frequently nonspecific• Left ventricular hypertrophy may be present• An echocardiogram is useful • Chest radiographs can be normal or can show evidence of

congestive heart failure or cardiomegaly.

Treatment

• medication• changes in lifestyle• Implanted pacemakers • Defibrillators • (LVADs) • ablation

Assessment questions

• How many different types of cardiomyopathies do we have?

• List down the symptoms of heart failure.• In general, is medication an appropriate

treatment method for cardiomyopathy? YES/NO