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Healthy Youth Survey &Monitoring the Future
2016 Results
Washington Healthy Youth CoalitionMarch 17, 2017
3/27/2017 2
Organization of Presentation
• Data Sources
• SECTION 1 Substance Use – Alcohol & Marijuana
• SECTION 2Access, Norms, Perceptions, Enforcement
3/27/2017 3
The Healthy Youth Survey is a statewide school survey administered every 2 years since 1988. The current version has been implemented since 2002.
The HYS collects data on health risk behaviors that contribute to morbidity, mortality, and social problems among youth.
Respondents: 6th, 8th, 10th, and 12th grade students.
Schools: 1,000 public schoolsParticipants: 230,000 studentsState Sample: 38,000 studentsState Sample 10th Grade: 11,000 students
Healthy Youth Survey - 2016
3/27/2017 4
Annual national survey since 1975 (42 years)
POPULATION: 45,000 students SCHOOLS: 380 public/private secondary GRADES: 8, 10 and 12PARTICIPATION: 3-stage random sample
1. Geographic selection2. School Selection3. Student Selection
Selected schools participate for 2 years
Monitoring the Future - 2016
2015 MTF REPORT http://www.monitoringthefuture.org
Section 1
• Alcohol & Marijuana Substance Use
• Substance Use-Related Behaviors
• National vs. State Trends
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3/27/2017 6
Alcohol Use: Youth, Past 30 Days 2002-2016
4%2%
18%
8%
29%
20%
43%
32%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
6th Grade
8th Grade
10th Grade
12th Grade
Source: Washington Healthy Youth Survey - 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016.
3/27/2017 7
Alcohol Use, Past 30 Days10th Graders by Race and Ethnicity
Source: Washington State Healthy Youth Survey – 2016.
22%
25%
12%
20%
23% 24% 23%
20%
Hispanic AI/AN Asian Black Multi-Race NativeHawaiian/OtherPacific Islander
Other Race White
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Results Washington: 19%
3/27/2017 8
Monitoring the Future & Healthy Youth SurveyAlcohol Use: Youth, 10th Grade Past 30 Days, 2002-2016
Source: Washington Healthy Youth Survey - 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 20162016 MTF FIGURE 2 http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/data/16data/16drfig3.pdf
35% 35% 34%
29%
29% 28%24%
20%29%
33% 33%
32%
28%
23%21% 20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
MTF
HYS
3/27/2017 9
Monitoring the Future & Healthy Youth Survey
Alcohol Use: Lifetime Use Grade 10, 2002-2016
Source: Washington Healthy Youth Survey -1998 = 20162016 MTF FIGURE 2 http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/data/16data/16drfig3.pdf
67%64%
62%58% 58%
54%49%
43%
60% 60% 61% 61%57%
52% 50%48%
0%
30%
60%
90%
2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
MTF-ALC
HYS-ALC
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Binge Drinking, Past 2 Weeks: 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th GradesHad 5 or more drinks in a row during the past 2 weeks?
3%1%
10%
4%
19%
11%
27%
18%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
6th Grade
8th Grade
10th Grade
12th Grade
Source: Washington Healthy Youth Survey - 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016.
3/27/2017 11
Binge Drinking , Past 2 Weeks10th Graders by Race and Ethnicity
Source: Washington State Healthy Youth Survey – 2016.
13%
16%
5%
15%
13%
15%
13%
10%
Hispanic AI/AN Asian Black Mult-Race NativeHawaiian/OtherPacific Islander
Other Race White
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
3/27/2017 12
Level of Alcohol Use: 10th Graders - 2016
Among 10th graders who drank alcohol in the past 30 days, nearly 1 in 3 are problem drinkers
*LEVEL OF ALCOHOL USE
None: no drinking in the past 30 days and no binge drinking in the past 2 weeks
Experimental: 1-2 days drinking, and no binge drinking
Heavy: 3-5 days of drinking, and/or one binge
Problem: 6+ days drinking, and/or 2+ binges
No Drinking78.3%
Experimental
8.7%
Problem
6.8%Heavy
6.2%
Source: Washington State Healthy Youth Survey – 2016.
3/27/2017 13
Level of Alcohol Use, Past 30 Days10th Graders
Source: Washington Healthy Youth Survey - 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016.
11%
8%
10%
9%
7%
9%9%
6%7%
9%
6%7%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
Experimental Heavy Problem
2010
2012
2014
2016
3/27/2017 14
Used marijuana/hashish during the past 30 days?
Marijuana Use: Youth, Past 30 Days
Source: Washington Healthy Youth Survey - 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016.
1% 1%
10%
6%
18%17%
25%26%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
6th Grade
8th Grade
10th Grade
12th Grade
3/27/2017 15
Marijuana Use, Past 30 Days 10th Graders by Race and Ethnicity
Source: Washington State Healthy Youth Survey – 2016.
20%
26%
9%
21%19%
21% 22%
16%
Hispanic AI/AN Asian Black Multi-Race NativeHawaiian/OtherPacific Islander
Other Race White
0%
10%
20%
30%
Results Washington: 18%
3/27/2017 16
Monitoring the Future & Healthy Youth SurveyMarijuana Use: Past 30 Days Grade 10, 2002-2016
Source: Washington Healthy Youth Survey - 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 20162016 MTF FIGURE 2 http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/data/16data/16drfig3.pdf
18%16%
14% 14%17% 17% 17%
14%
18%17%
18% 19% 20% 19%18% 17%
0%
20%
40%
2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
MTF
HYS
3/27/2017 17
Monitoring the Future & Healthy Youth Survey
Marijuana Use: Lifetime Use Grade 10, 2002-2016
Source: Washington Healthy Youth Survey -1998 = 20162016 MTF FIGURE 2 http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/data/16data/16drfig3.pdf
39%35%
32%30%
33% 34% 34%30%
32%30% 31% 31% 31% 29% 29% 28%
0%
20%
40%
60%
2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
MTF
HYS
3/27/2017 18
Level of Marijuana Use: 10th Graders - 2016
Source: Washington State Healthy Youth Survey – 2016.
No Marijuana Use82.8%
Among 10th graders who used marijuana in the past 30 days, nearly 1 in 3 used
for 10 or more days
• 1-2 Days – 6.5%• 3-5 Days – 3.0%• 6-9 Days – 5.5%• 10+ Days – 5.5%
Summary – Substance Use
• Alcohol and binge drinking 10 Year downward trend
• Similar national and state downward trends in 30-day alcohol use and lifetime use
• No change in marijuana 30-day use in 2016 compared to 2014
• Similar national and state downward trends in 30-day marijuana use and lifetime use
3/27/2017 19
3/27/2017 20
Substance UseBehaviors
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Behavior Associated with Youth Substance Use(Drunk or High at School in Past 12 Months)
Source: Washington Healthy Youth Survey - 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016.
8%
17%
19%
7%
15%
19%
6%
14%
18%
6%
13%
18%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
8th Grade 10th Grade 12th Grade
2010
2012
2014
2016
3/27/2017 22
Drinking and Driving in the Past 30 Daysamong 10th and 12th graders
Source: Washington Healthy Youth Survey - 2016.
94.6 90.5
5.4 9.5
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
10th GradeAlcohol
12th GradeAlcohol
No Yes
3/27/2017 23
Frequency of Drinking and Driving in the Past 30 Days among 10th and 12th Graders Who Responded “Yes”
Source: Washington Healthy Youth Survey - 2016.
44%55%
27%
27%
15%
9%
14%10%
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
5.4% of 10th Grade 9.5% of 12th Grade
once 2-3 4-5 6 +
3/27/2017 24
10th Grade Trends: Drinking and Driving, and Riding with a Driver who had been Drinking
Source: Washington State Healthy Youth Survey – 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016.
6.4%7.4%
6.3% 7.2%5.4% 4.9% 5.4%
23.9% 24.5% 24.4%
21.8%
19.4%17.7% 17.5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
Drinking and Driving Rode with Drinking Driver
3/27/2017 25
Driving within 3 Hours of Marijuana Use in the Past 30 Days: 10th and 12th Grades
Source: Washington Healthy Youth Survey - 2016.
90.783.5
9.316.5
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
10th Grade 12th Grade
No Yes
3/27/2017 26
Frequency of Driving within 3 Hours of Marijuana Use in the Past 30 Days among 10th and 12th Graders who responded “Yes.”
Source: Washington Healthy Youth Survey - 2016.
42%33%
25%
24%
10%
14%
23%29%
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
9.3% 10th Grade 16.5% 2th Grade
once 2-3 4-5 6 +
Section 1 - Related Behaviors
• Decreasing 6 year trend of being drunk or high at school among 10th graders
• More youth report driving under the influence of marijuana than alcohol
• More youth report frequently driving under the influence of marijuana than alcohol
3/27/2017 27
Section 3
• Access
• Types of Use
• Community and Parental Norms
• Enforcement
• Perceptions of Harm
3/27/2017 28
3/27/2017 29
Youth Attitudes about Alcohol Use: Access – Very or Sort of Easy
Source: Washington Healthy Youth Survey - 2010, 2016.
15%
34%
56%
67%
13%
26%
47%
61%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
6th Grade 8th Grade 10th Grade 12th Grade
2010
2016
3/27/2017 30
Monitoring the Future & Healthy Youth SurveyAlcohol Perceptions of Access Grade 10, 2002-2016
Easy or Sort of Easy to Get
85% 84% 83% 81% 80% 78%75%
71%
61% 60%57% 59%
56%52% 52%
47%
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
MTF
HYS
Source: Washington Healthy Youth Survey -2002 - 20162016 MTF FIGURE 2 http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/data/16data/16drfig3.pdf
3/27/2017 31
Youth Attitudes about Marijuana Use: Access – Very or Sort of Easy
Source: Washington Healthy Youth Survey - 2010, 2016.
9%
23%
54%
67%
5%
20%
48%
64%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
6th Grade 8th Grade 10th Grade 12th Grade
2010
2016
3/27/2017 32
Monitoring the Future & Healthy Youth SurveyMarijuana Perceptions of Access Grade 10, 2002-2016
Source: Washington Healthy Youth Survey -2002 - 20162016 MTF FIGURE 2 http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/data/16data/16drfig3.pdf
Easy or Sort of Easy
76% 73% 71%67% 69% 69% 67%
64%
51%47% 47%
51%54%
51% 53%49%
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
MTF
HYS
3/27/2017 33
Youth Alcohol and Marijuana Access Source, 2016Among 10th Graders Who Reported using in the past 30 days.
Source: Washington Healthy Youth Survey - 2016.
Chart 1 of 2
17%
15%
7%
7%
50%
15%
16%
22%
26%
37%
0% 20% 40% 60%
Gave SomeoneMoney
Party
Stolen fromStore
Home w/Permission
From Friends
Alcohol
Marijuna
3/27/2017 34
Youth Alcohol and Marijuana Access SourceAmong 10th Graders Who Reported using in the past 30 days.
Source: Washington Healthy Youth Survey - 2016.
Chart 2 of 2
8%
17%
6%
11%
7%
8%
9%
14%
0% 20% 40% 60%
Bought Itfrom a Store
Some Other Way
Home w/oPermission
Other Sibling
Alcohol
Marijuana
3/27/2017 35
“During the past 30 days, what type of alcohol did you usually drink?”
10th Grade
41.2% - Liquor 18.4% - Beer 14.5% - No Usual type12.1% - Flavored Malt Beverages 5.5% - Wine 5.1% - Other 3.2% - Wine CoolersSource: Washington Healthy Youth Survey - 2016.
Liquor41.2%
Beer18.4%
Flavored Malt Beverages
12.1%
Wine 5.5%
Wine Coolers 3.2%
No "Usual" Type
14.5%
3/27/2017 36
“During the past 30 days, if you used marijuana, how did you usually use it?”
10th Grade those who used
73.4% Smoked it13.5% - Ate it 5.1% - Vaporized 4.4% - Other3.6% - Drank it
Source: Washington Healthy Youth Survey - 2016.
Ate it13.5%
Drank it3.6%
Vaporizedit
5.1%
Other 4.4%
Smoked it73.4%
3/27/2017 37
Short-term Outcomes:Intervening Variables – Norms
3/27/2017 38
Community Protection and Prevention
Source: Washington Healthy Youth Survey - 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016.
76%82%
55%
79%83%
54%
80% 80%
60% 61%
80% 81%
61% 62%
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Adults Think It's Wrongto Drink Alcohol
Adults Think It's Wrongto Use Marijuana
Parents Talked AboutNot Using Alcohol
Parents Talked AboutNot Using Marijuana
2010 2012 2014 2016
3/27/2017 39
2016 Parent Perceptions on Drug UseUse by youth is “wrong” or “very wrong.”
Source: Washington Healthy Youth Survey - 2016.
94% 95%
88%90%
76%
83%
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
To Drink Alcohol To Use Marijuana
8th Grade 10th Grade 12th Grade
3/27/2017 40
Short-term Outcomes:Intervening Variables – Enforcement
3/27/2017 41
Youth Attitudes about Substance Useand Enforcement: 10th Graders
Note: Percentages account for responses of ‘yes’ and ‘YES!’Source: Washington Healthy Youth Survey - 2010, 2014,2016.
26%
31%28%
32%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Enforcement – drinking Enforcement - marijuana
20102016
3/27/2017 42
Short-term Outcomes:Intervening Variables –
Perceptions of Harm
3/27/2017 43
Risk of Harm from Alcohol UseDrinking once or twice a day has “no risk” or “slight risk”.
39%
24%
37%
23%
41%
26%
0%
20%
40%
60%
2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
8th Grade
10th Grade
12th Grade
Note: Includes responses where using alcohol regularly has no risk or only a slight risk.
Source: Washington Healthy Youth Survey - 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016.
3/27/2017 44
Risk of Harm from Marijuana UseRegular use has “no risk” or “slight risk”.
13%
21%17%
33%
22%
45%
0%
20%
40%
60%
2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
8th Grade
10th Grade
12th Grade
Note: Includes responses where using marijuana regularly has no risk or only a slight risk.
Source: Washington Healthy Youth Survey - 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016.
3/27/2017 45
Perceived “Great Risk of Harm” from Alcohol, and Marijuana Use: 10th Graders, 2002-2016
Source: Washington Healthy Youth Survey - 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016.
29%
43%
60%
35%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
Alcohol
Marijuana
1-2 Alcoholic Drinks Nearly EverydayUsing Marijuana Regularly
3/27/2017 46
Monitoring the Future & Healthy Youth Survey
Alcohol Great Risk of Harm Grade 10, 2000-2016
1-2 Alcoholic Drinks Everyday
31% 31%
32% 35%33% 32%
31% 32%29% 31%
31%
37% 39%43% 44%
43%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
MTF 1-2 Everyday
HYS1-2 Everyday
Source: Washington Healthy Youth Survey -2002 - 20162016 MTF FIGURE 2 http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/data/16data/16drfig3.pdf
3/27/2017 47
Monitoring the Future & Healthy Youth Survey
Marijuana Great Risk of Harm Grade 10, 1998-2016Using Marijuana Regularly
61%66% 65% 65%
57%
51%45% 44%
60% 62% 60%
52%46% 46%
36% 35%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
MTF HYS
Source: Washington Healthy Youth Survey -2002 - 20162016 MTF FIGURE 2 http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/data/16data/16drfig3.pdf
3/27/2017 48
Monitoring the Future & Healthy Youth Survey
Marijuana Great Risk of Harm Grade 10, 1998-2016
Trying Marijuana Once or Twice
20% 22% 22% 23%20%
17% 15% 16%
18%23% 23%
26%
19% 21%16% 16%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
MTF
HYS
Source: Washington Healthy Youth Survey -2002 - 20162016 MTF FIGURE 2 http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/data/16data/16drfig3.pdf
Section 3 - Summary
• Decreasing national and state trends on perception of great risk of harm using marijuana regularly
• Increasing perception of great risk drinking alcohol 1-2 drinks per day in Washington Sate
3/27/2017 49
Data Source Acknowledgement & Thank You
• State Epidemiological Workgroup Members
• DOH Department of Health
• LCB Liquor Cannabis Board
• OSPI Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction
• WSTC Washington State Transportation Commission
3/27/2017 50